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Using the Center for African Studies (CAS) at Eduardo Mondlane University as an example, this article analyzes the social conditions of knowledge production and legitimization of the post-independence Mozambican State, during the period of “socialist transition”. The thesis of the article is that the processes of knowledge production in a context of national state-building generated dynamics that challenged the assumptions on which the CAS should have produced social science. For example, in producing a type of research program that not only took into account their function as policy-oriented research, but also in identifying and questioning the very process of scientific production. These inter-relationships between knowledge production and legitimization of the state, could then explain not only the specificities of the CAS, but also the emergence of a new form of socio-scientific questioning in post-independence Mozambique.

La infección por el virus de la Hepatitis C (VHC) es una de las principales causas de enfermedad hepática crónica, con una prevalencia mundial superior a 200 millones de personas. Normalmente la infección aguda por el virus de la Hepatitis C es asintomática, y por ese motivo, raramente es identificada, evolucionando a la cronicidad en el 80% de los casos. Aún así, cuando se trata de una infección aguda sintomática, apenas el 50% de los casos desencadena una enfermedad hepática crónica. La detección de la infección aguda por el VHC representa una oportunidad única de tratamiento, ya que la probabilidad de respuesta virológica sostenida es de aproximadamente un 90%, lejos de los 30% a 80% en el supuesto de tratamiento de la infección crónica. Se exponen cuatro casos clínicos de infección aguda por el VHC. A las 12 semanas, dos de los individuos verificaron resolución espontánea de la infección. En uno de los casos, con RNA viral positivo a las 12 semanas de vigilancia, mos - tró respuesta virológica sostenida después del tratamiento con monoterapia de interferón pegilado a 2a.

The author starts from some considerations about Froebel's and the New School pedagogy and tries to oppose to that orientation of rights the need of a perspective of the duty. This is the best ethical way to manifest the human fulfilment in the present and the possibility of future perfection. With the story "Natal" (Christmas), from Miguel Torga, the value of an ethic of initiative and sharing as the best way to achieve liberty is exemplified.

The verbal behaviour is achieved because, on the one hand, there is a system of principles and conditions, which are considered as universals for all the human languages, supported by the biological need, but, on the other hand, those elements are part of the dynamic relation of events which constitutes the individual's context. Those events are not only the brain structures (mentalist perspective), but also the elements that generate the stimuli context to be discriminated which must be called 'environment' (functional perspective). After a theoretical revision of concepts and a perspective about phonetic decoding processes, results obtained by the set of tests developed for this study will be reported. Moreover some discussion will focus specifically on the achievement of second language learners regarding the segmentation (spelling task) and minimal pairs judgment tests.

De acordo com a teoria do período crítico para a aquisição de linguagem, o sujeito criança (aprendente de Língua Segunda) apresenta um repertório de produção fonética próximo do padrão nativo o que viabilizará uma positiva percepção dos fones estrangeiros e melhor inteligibilidade de discurso em relação aos participantes mais velhos. Método: Foi desenvolvida uma bateria de testes em formato electrónico com objectivo de avaliar os comportamentos fonéticos de 61 aprendentes (amostra dos casos) de Português como Língua Segunda (L2). Por um lado, analisou-se a presença de sotaque ou produção de acordo com padrão fonético nativo; por outro lado, observou-se a relação desse comportamento fonético (com ou sem acento) com a identificação de fonemas em Português de acordo com o ponto de articulação, argumentando sobre a relação (probabilidade de produção viabilizar percepção) antes sugerida. Resultados e Discussão: Serão discutidos resultados especificamente relacionados com a percepção e produção fonéticas dos aprendentes de L2, em testes operacionais para o efeito. Os participantes mais novos exibem uma leitura sem sotaque, ao passo que sujeitos mais velhos evidenciam pronúncia enviesada pela fonética materna. Por outro lado, são estes últimos participantes que revelam melhor performance na percepção de traços articulatórios de fones.

Este estudo teve como finalidade avaliar os efeitos da utilização do método Video Hometraining/Video Interaction Guidance (VHT/VIG) ao nível da qualidade das relações entre as crianças portuguesas em apoio no âmbito do Sistema Nacional de Intervenção Precoce na Infância (SNIPI) e as suas famílias, e entre estas e os profissionais de Intervenção Precoce (IP), num distrito da região centro de Portugal. O desenho da investigação baseou-se num pressuposto de intervenção em cascata, assumindo que uma intervenção direta visando a capacitação dos profissionais do SNIPI, teria efeitos ao nível da capacitação e empowerment das famílias por eles apoiadas, e do desenvolvimento das respetivas crianças em risco de atraso de desenvolvimento (estabelecido ou devido a fatores biológicos ou ambientais). Foram usados instrumentos estandardizados para avaliar o desempenho profissional (experiencial) e a vulnerabilidade ao stresse dos profissionais do SNIPI; a sintomatologia depressiva, os recursos familiares e as necessidades das famílias; e o crescimento e desenvolvimento das crianças. Dois outros distritos portugueses constituíram-se como grupos de controlo. Os dados foram recolhidos em três tempos (T0, T1 e T2), ao longo de dois anos, junto de uma amostra de conveniência (com base nas famílias/crianças e respetivos profissionais de apoio, em cada um dos distritos), envolvendo: no grupo de intervenção, um n inicial de 113 famílias e 43 profissionais, e final de 23 e 18, respetivamente; no grupo de controlo 1, um n inicial de 49 famílias e 38 profissionais, e final de 16 e 11, respetivamente; e no grupo de controlo 2, um n inicial de 166 famílias e 54 profissionais, e final de 34 e 17, respetivamente. Os resultados mostram diferenças estatisticamente significativas apenas em algumas das dimensões estudadas, sendo que a grande maioria das dimensões, sugere a necessidade de analisar uma variedade de circunstâncias presentes nas comunidades, nos serviços e nas vidas das famílias e crianças. O método VHT/VIG revelou-se um importante meio no processo de capacitação dos profissionais de IP a intervir nos contextos naturais de vida das crianças e famílias, em equipa transdisciplinar e desenvolvendo uma abordagem centrada na família, focada nas relações, baseada nas forças, ecológica e reflexiva.

The identification of populations and spatial genetic patterns is important for ecological and conservation research, and spatially explicit individual-based methods have been recognised as powerful tools in this context. Mammalian carnivores are intrinsically vulnerable to habitat fragmentation but not much is known about the genetic consequences of fragmentation in common species. Stone martens (Martes foina) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) share a widespread Palearctic distribution and are considered habitat generalists, but in the Iberian Peninsula stone martens tend to occur in higher quality habitats. We compared their genetic structure in Portugal to see if they are consistent with their differences in ecological plasticity, and also to illustrate an approach to explicitly delineate the spatial boundaries of consistently identified genetic units. We analysed microsatellite data using spatial Bayesian clustering methods (implemented in the software BAPS, GENELAND and TESS), a progressive partitioning approach and a multivariate technique (Spatial Principal Components Analysis-sPCA). Three consensus Bayesian clusters were identified for the stone marten. No consensus was achieved for the red fox, but one cluster was the most probable clustering solution. Progressive partitioning and sPCA suggested additional clusters in the stone marten but they were not consistent among methods and were geographically incoherent. The contrasting results between the two species are consistent with the literature reporting stricter ecological requirements of the stone marten in the Iberian Peninsula. The observed genetic structure in the stone marten may have been influenced by landscape features, particularly rivers, and fragmentation. We suggest that an approach based on a consensus clustering solution of multiple different algorithms may provide an objective and effective means to delineate potential boundaries of inferred subpopulations. sPCA and progressive partitioning offer further verification of possible population structure and may be useful for revealing cryptic spatial genetic patterns worth further investigation.

Road barrier effect is among the foremost negative impacts of roads on wildlife. Knowledge of the factors responsible for the road barrier effect is crucial to understand and predict species' responses to roads, and to improve mitigation measures in the context of management and conservation. We built a set of hypothesis aiming to infer the most probable cause of road barrier effect (traffic effect or road surface avoidance), while controlling for the potentially confounding effects road width, traffic volume and road age. The wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus was used as a model species of small and forest-dwelling mammals, which are more likely to be affected by gaps in cover such as those resulting from road construction. We confront genetic patterns from opposite and same roadsides from samples of three highways and used computer simulations to infer migration rates between opposite roadsides. Genetic patterns from 302 samples (ca. 100 per highway) suggest that the highway barrier effect for wood mouse is due to road surface avoidance. However, from the simulations we estimated a migration rate of about 5% between opposite roadsides, indicating that some limited gene flow across highways does occur. To reduce highway impact on population genetic diversity and structure, possible mitigation measures could include retrofitting of culverts and underpasses to increase their attractiveness and facilitate their use by wood mice and other species, and setting aside roadside strips without vegetation removal to facilitate establishment and dispersal of small mammals.

O “comportamento verbal” concretiza-se porque, por um lado, existe um sistema de princípios e condições que por si só são considerados os elementos inerentes a todas as línguas naturais, determinados pela necessidade biológica, mas, por outro lado, esses elementos integram uma relação dinâmica de eventos que constituem o contexto do sujeito. Os eventos não se restringem às estruturas cerebrais (a perspetiva mentalista), mas também a aspetos externos e que se apresentam como conjunto de estímulos a ser discriminado- meio ambiente (a perspetiva funcional). Após uma breve revisão teórica de conceitos e de processos de descodificação fonética, serão apresentados resultados de alunos portugueses imigrantes com idades compreendidas entre os 8 e os 30 anos de idade, decorrentes da aplicação da bateria de testes de descodificação fonética (provas de identificação de pares mínimos, segmentação, reconstrução fonémica, identificação sintática, audição dicótica). A discussão foca especificamente o desempenho de sujeitos aprendentes de Português Língua Segunda relativamente aos testes de segmentação de palavras (soletração) e de identificação de pares mínimos. Este modelo de engenharia didática, na área específica da didática das línguas segundas, assume-se com uma medida importante para monitorizar a evolução e o estado da proficiência e competência geral linguística dos alunos ao longo do ano letivo, a ser conduzido pelos professores.

A Percepção Subjectiva do Esforço (PSE) é um método válido na monitorização da intensidade no treino cardiovascular. No entanto, não é clara a sua validade e fiabilidade na classificação da intensidade no treino de força. Este estudo pretende avaliar a eficácia da PSE na monitorização da intensidade do treino de força em idosos. Dezassete participantes (66,6 ± 2,7 anos) realizaram um protocolo experimental com três intensidades: 50%, 70% e 90% de uma Repetição Máxima determinado pelo método do coeficiente de repetições (1-RMcr). Realizaram-se duas sessões para cada intensidade, nos exercícios: Seated Chest Press, Leg Press, Lat PullDown, Triceps Extension e Biceps Curl. A PSE foi avaliada utilizando a escala de Borg, após a execução de cada série e após 30 minutos do final da sessão (PSEpt). Com a realização do teste de Wilcoxon (p ≤ 0.05), verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre as médias de PSE das três intensidades, bem como entre as PSEpt respectivas. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) para o PSEpt foi 0,70. Os resultados do nosso estudo permitem concluir que, a PSE apresenta-se como um método eficaz na monitorização da intensidade de uma sessão de treino de força em idosos.

O principal objetivo desta investigação foi identificar e comparar os conhecimentos, atitudes e comportamentos preventivos sobre a Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) dos adolescentes que freqüentam escola secundária inserida em meio urbano com os adolescentes que freqüentam escola secundária inserida em meio não urbano. Para o efeito procedeu-se a um estudo descritivo numa amostra populacional de 826 adolescentes (455 do meio urbano e 371 do meio não-urbano). O instrumento de coleta de dados adotado foi efetuado com base no modelo conceptual Health Belief Model. Constatou-se haver relação entre o meio de inserção dos adolescentes e o conhecimento da SIDA enquanto ameaça grave; o conhecimento sobre os riscos de contágio da SIDA e as atitudes diante da SIDA.El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar y comparar los conocimientos, actitudes y comportamientos preventivos sobre el SIDA (HIV - Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida) en los adolescentes que frecuentan la escuela secundaria insertada en el medio urbano con los adolescentes que frecuentan la escuela secundaria en el medio no urbano. Para tal efecto se procedió un estudio descriptivo de una muestra poblacional de 826 adolescentes (455 del medio urbano y 371 del medio no urbano). El instrumento de la coleta de datos adoptado fue efectuado con base al modelo conceptual Health Belief Model. Fue constatado existir una relación entre el medio de inserción de los adolescentes y el conocimiento sobre el SIDA, según su amenaza grave; el conocimiento sobre los riesgos de contagio del SIDA y las actitudes hacia el SIDA.The main objective of this investigation was to identify and compare preventive knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding AIDS between adolescents at the secondary school in urban and non-urban areas in Portugal. This is a descriptive study with a sample of 826 individuals (455 adolescents from urban environment and 371 from a non-urban environment). The instrument for data collection adopted was based on the Health Belief Model conceptual model. It was recognized that there is a relation between the environment insertion of the adolescents and the recognition of AIDS as a serious threat, and the knowledge about the risks of infection with AIDS and the attitudes towards AIDS.

Previous studies in the social anxiety arena have shown an impaired attentional control system, similar to that found in trait anxiety. However, the effect of task demands on social anxiety in socially threatening stimuli, such as angry faces, remains unseen. In the present study, fifty-four university students scoring high and low in the Social Interaction and Performance Anxiety and Avoidance Scale (SIPAAS) questionnaire, participated in a target letter discrimination task while task-irrelevant face stimuli (angry, disgust, happy, and neutral) were simultaneously presented. The results showed that high (compared to low) socially anxious individuals were more prone to distraction by task-irrelevant stimuli, particularly under high perceptual load conditions. More importantly, for such individuals, the accuracy proportions for angry faces significantly differed between the low and high perceptual load conditions, which is discussed in light of current evolutionary models of social anxiety.

The educational act reveals a persons altruistic structure and dynamism.Individual as well as collective benefit relies on this act on behalf of bothunfavoured and favoured people.There is no sense or reason to aiming atsurpassing the limitations of the first without maximizing the potentialities ofthe last. But the effort towards enhancing maximum skills is bigger than theone oriented towards rousing minimum skills. Not to pursue the objective ofdeveloping a persons maximum skills is to deny altruism and to promote anattitude of anthropological, pedagogical and ethical indifference, masked itcould be under tolerance

The stone marten is a widely distributed mustelid in the Palaearctic region that exhibits variable habitat preferences in different parts of its range. The species is a Holocene immigrant from southwest Asia which, according to fossil remains, followed the expansion of the Neolithic farming cultures into Europe and possibly colonized the Iberian Peninsula during the Early Neolithic (ca. 7,000 years BP). However, the population genetic structure and historical biogeography of this generalist carnivore remains essentially unknown. In this study we have combined mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing (621 bp) and microsatellite genotyping (23 polymorphic markers) to infer the population genetic structure of the stone marten within the Iberian Peninsula. The mtDNA data revealed low haplotype and nucleotide diversities and a lack of phylogeographic structure, most likely due to a recent colonization of the Iberian Peninsula by a few mtDNA lineages during the Early Neolithic. The microsatellite data set was analysed with a) spatial and non-spatial Bayesian individual-based clustering (IBC) approaches (STRUCTURE, TESS, BAPS and GENELAND), and b) multivariate methods [discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and spatial principal component analysis (sPCA)]. Additionally, because isolation by distance (IBD) is a common spatial genetic pattern in mobile and continuously distributed species and it may represent a challenge to the performance of the above methods, the microsatellite data set was tested for its presence. Overall, the genetic structure of the stone marten in the Iberian Peninsula was characterized by a NE-SW spatial pattern of IBD, and this may explain the observed disagreement between clustering solutions obtained by the different IBC methods. However, there was significant indication for contemporary genetic structuring, albeit weak, into at least three different subpopulations. The detected subdivision could be attributed to the influence of the rivers Ebro, Tagus and Guadiana, suggesting that main watercourses in the Iberian Peninsula may act as semi-permeable barriers to gene flow in stone martens. To our knowledge, this is the first phylogeographic and population genetic study of the species at a broad regional scale. We also wanted to make the case for the importance and benefits of using and comparing multiple different clustering and multivariate methods in spatial genetic analyses of mobile and continuously distributed species.

Pyrazinamide, the first-line antitubercular drug, has been regarded the basic component of tuberculosis treatment for over sixty years. Researchers have investigated its effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis for this long time, and as a result, new potential targets of pyrazinamide or its active form, pyrazinoic acid, have been found. We have designed and prepared 3-(phenyl-carbamoyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylic acids as more lipophilic derivatives of pyrazinoic acid. We also prepared methyl and propyl derivatives as prodrugs with further increased lipophilicity. Antimycobacterial, antibacterial and antifungal growth inhibiting activity was investigated in all prepared compounds. 3-[(4-Nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (16) exerted high antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC = 1.56 μg·mL−1 (5 μM). Propyl 3-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}pyrazine-2-carboxylate (18a) showed also high antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC = 3.13 μg·mL−1. In vitro cytotoxicity of the active compounds was investigated and no significant cytotoxic effect was observed. Based to structural similarity to known inhibitors of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose oxidase, DprE1, we performed molecular docking of the prepared acids to DprE1. These in silico experiments indicate that modification of the linker connecting aromatic parts of molecule does not have any negative influence on the binding.

Introduction: Labour is considered to be one of the most painful and significant experiences in a woman’s life. The aim of this study was to examine whether women’s attachment style is a predictor of the pain experienced throughout labour and post-delivery. Material and Methods: Thirty-two pregnant women were assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy and during labour. Adult attachment was assessed with the Adult Attachment Scale – Revised. The perceived intensity of labour pain was measured using a visual analogue scale for pain in the early stage of labour, throughout labour and post-delivery. Results: Women with an insecure attachment style reported more pain at 3 cm of cervical dilatation (p < 0.05), before the administration of analgesia (p < 0.01) and post-delivery (p < 0.05) than those securely attached. In multivariate models, attachment style was a significant predictor of labour pain at 3 cm of cervical dilatation and before the first administration of analgesia but not of the perceived pain post-delivery. Discussion: These findings confirm that labour pain is influenced by relevant psychological factors and suggest that a woman’s attachment style may be a risk factor for greater pain during labour. Conclusion: Future studies in the context of obstetric pain may consider the attachment style as an indicator of individual differences in the pain response during labour. This may have important implications in anaesthesiology and to promote a relevant shift in institutional practices and therapeutic procedures. Keywords: Labor Pain; Labor, Obstetric; Maternal-Fetal Relations; Object Attachment.

Pesticides continue to play an important role in pest management. However, the intensive pesticide application has triggered several environment negative effects that cannot be disregarded. In this study, the inclusion complex of pyrimethanil with HP-β-CD has been prepared and characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The formation of the pyrimethanil/HP-β-CD inclusion complex increased the aqueous solubility of this fungicide around five times. To assess the influence of microencapsulation on the environmental photostability of the fungicide, the photochemical degradation of pyrimethanil and pyrimethanil/HP-β-CD inclusion complex has been investigated in different aqueous media such as ultrapure and river water under simulated solar irradiation. The studies allow concluding that pyrimethanil/HP-β-CD inclusion complex increases significantly the photostability of the fungicide in aqueous solutions, especially in natural water. Actually, the half-life of pyrimethanil/HP-β-CD inclusion complex was increased approximately by a factor of four when compared to the free fungicide. The overall results point out that pyrimethanil can be successfully encapsulated by HP-β-CD, a process that can improve its solubility and photostability properties.

O autor explicita a relação entre ensinar, aprender e educar; e desenvolve a legitimidade da dimensão educativa do homem, com a consequente necessidade de todo o homem ser educado para poder ser educador. Para ilustrar as componentes do ser educado e o dinamismo da educação, o autor utiliza seis mitos clássicos, ordenados em três pares de complementaridade.

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is, nowadays, a serious problem, contributing a lot to the burden of the hospital stays. Its impact is really huge and the study of these matters is taking a growing interest.To compare, in terms of HAI, the current Neurology Department (localized inside the building of Hospital Geral) and the oldest one, which was far away from the institutional campus. To identify difficulties regarding the management of HAI, trying to propose measures for quality improvement.We revised the clinical files of the patients with HAI documented by culture, on a homologue period of 6 months. Variables like more frequently isolated microorganisms, antibiotics sensibilities, patients' comorbidities, treatment adequacy and duration of hospitalization were analyzed.In the oldest Department, 23 patients were identified, 8 men (mean +/- 2SD: 80.4 +/- 9.04 years old) and 15 women (77.3 +/- 21.28 years old), with positive microbiological studies (51). Ischemic stroke caused 73.9% of these hospitalizations. Escherichia coli - EC - (27%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - MRSA - (22%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae - KP - (10%) were the most frequently identified microorganisms in the biological samples studied (sputum, urine, blood, urethral exudate and eschar). Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid was the most empirically used antibiotic (only effective on 37% of the cases, according to the sensibility tests). Hospitalizations had an average of 22 days and 1.3 antibiotics per patient were used. At discharge, Rankin had a mode of 5. In the current Department, 46 patients were studied, 22 men (76.4 +/- 22.6 years old) and 24 women (74.1 +/- 32.6 years old), having 119 positive cultures. Again, ischemic stroke caused the majority of the admissions (52.2%). MRSA (26%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa - PA - (17%) and EC (17%) were the most prevalent pathogens (the same biological products were studied, plus lingual exudates and central venous catheter tips). Ciprofloxacin was the most used antibiotic (suitable on 75% of the cases). Internments had an average of 24.3 days and, this time, 2.5 antibiotics were used per patient, by mean. At discharge, Rankin evaluation had again a mode of 5.Despite the taken measures and change in facilities, HAI had really increased in the Neurology Department. Since human resources are the same, we think are important, as possible aggravating conditions, space restriction and ward sharing with patients of other medical specialities, as it happens in the current Department.More aggressive pathogens require a rapid and comprehensive intervention, in order to minimize its impact on daily clinical practice and in the management of hospital stays.

Ao longo do presente trabalho procurámos estudar o impacto do estado de saúde (física e psíquica) do estudante no desempenho académico, assim como, as repercussões nesse mesmo desempenho de uma actividade profissional paralela. A amostra foi constituída por 195 estudantes, no primeiro momento, tendo ficado reduzida a 177 no segundo momento de avaliação. Os principais resultados e conclusões sugerem que: 1) Os trabalhadores estudantes têm um desempenho académico inferior; 2) De todos os factores estudados, apenas a idade se pode considerar como variável preditora do desempenho académico; 3) Os indivíduos que recorrem ao médico têm um desempenho académico inferior; 4) Não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as médias do desempenho académico dos indivíduos com, e sem, doença crónica e daqueles que apresentam, ou não, perturbação emocional; 5) Não existem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o princípio e o final do ano lectivo, quanto à sintomatologia física e psíquica avaliada.

Objetivo: Observar o efeito protetor do alopurinol nos hepatócitos em cultura, pelo seu efeito inibidor da xantina oxidase na geração de radicais livres de oxigênio. Métodos: Os hepatócitos foram isolados a partir de fígado de ratos, por dissociação enzimática segundo a técnica descrita em 1969 e modificada em 1976. As técnicas cirúrgicas foram realizadas na sala de cirurgia experimental da PUC/PR. Foram realizadas contagens iniciais, e a viabilidade foi calculada pelo teste de exclusão pelo azul de trypan. As concentrações de albumina e de malondialdeído foram analisadas por testes bioquímicos colorimétricos. Resultados: O rendimento dos hepatócitos isolados após digestão enzimática utilizando-se colagenase foi de 1,5X106 cel/gr/fígado para GC e 1,7 X106 cel/gr/ fígado para GE, com viabilidade inicial de 60% para ambos os grupos. O resultado para albumina foi de 0,1868 mg/ml (+/- 0,023) para GC e 0,1384 mg/ml (+/- 0,019) para GE. Para o malondialdeído, os resultados foram 0,3963 nmol/mg de proteínas (+/-0,0 98) para GC e 0,2040 nmol/mg de proteínas (+/-0,058) para GE. Conclusão: O alopurinol diminui a produção do malondialdeído, demonstrando menor estresse oxidativo nas células tratadas previamente com o medicamento. Porém, essa diminuição não chega a interferir na manutenção da viabilidade celular.

O autor encontra em alguns mitos clássicos uma exemplaridade educativa. Com eles e com outros ‘mitos’ (no sentido lato de heróis, preconceitos ou configurações sócio-culturais), procura determinar os mapas e os horizontes de uma verdadeira educação. E alerta para o que pode ser uma aventura sem horizontes ou uma educação sem sentido. Propõe o conceito de antropeugogia.

RESUMO NÃO DISPONÍVEL

The present study analyzed the effect of the strength of belief and intrapersonal religious pluralism on the at-risk consumption of alcohol and tobacco, comparing heterosexual and LGBTQIA+ people. The sample consisted of 5,007 adults, of which 1,363 (27.2%) were LGBTQIA+. Multiple linear regression models showed that there were significant differences in alcohol and tobacco consumption among people with high religiosity, medium religiosity, low religiosity and medium/low atheism, when compared to high atheism. However, the difference between the models with the control variables and the models with the strength of belief was very small, suggesting a negligible effect. This study discusses how our findings contrast with decades of research on religiosity and drug use, and with current research on belief strength and health, as well as discussing the difference between statistical significance and practical significance for advancing the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses, through an examination of the work of the Oficina de História of the Centre for African Studies (CEA) at Eduardo Mondlane University, the politics of historical production and nation-state building in post-Independence Mozambique and the ambivalent position in which CEA historians were placed within that intellectual and political context. This ambivalence is in relation to two main assumptions, which can only be understood in the specific historical context of FRELIMO's strategy for socialist construction. First, the CEA researchers were well aware of their role as critical historians and fought to exercise it at the Centre. Second, they were intellectually engaged in producing a new historical narrative of FRELIMO's liberation war and the liberated zones. This meant not only producing a counter-narrative to the colonial historiography (writing 'history from below', rescuing the 'voices' of the Mozambican people etc.), but also producing a strategy to legitimise FRELIMO's hegemonic project in the post-independence period. It was in the intersection between the social production of historical knowledge and the perpetuation of FRELIMO's worldview that the historians at CEA were able to safeguard and exercise their perceived role as critical historians, opening a new form of historical inquiry in Mozambique: a history of the present, at once critical and policy-oriented. Put differently, the CEA historians were able to safeguard and exercise their critical role, not on the sensitive, controversial and dangerous terrain of writing the history of FRELIMO's liberation war and the 'liberated zones', but on the writing of the history of the present en route to socialism. As they would claim, it was not possible to understand the past unless you could understand the present. With this shift these historians were able to 'escape' from simply becoming 'trapped' by their intellectual commitment to the power elite. This was done by their use of a kind of 'double-speak' that first spoke critically about the present in relation to the historical experience of the liberation war and the 'liberated zones', and, secondly, that worked critically to review other historical productions about Mozambique as a way to criticise FRELIMO's totalising approach to the national historical narrative of Mozambique.