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Purpose. To evaluate the predictors for subretinal fluid resorption in patients with chronic central serous retinopathy (cCSR) submitted to half-dose photodynamic therapy (HD-PDT). Methods. Observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study of patients with cCSR submitted to HD-PDT in a tertiary ophthalmology department in Portugal between January 2015 and February 2018. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and SD-OCT at baseline and 12 ± 3 months after treatment were performed. The central macular thickness (CMT), outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, integrity of the external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid (EZ) and interdigitation zone (IZ), subretinal fluid (SFR) height, and choroidal thickness (CT) were evaluated. Patients were classified into responders and nonresponders based on SRF resorption. Results. Sixty-one eyes of 42 patients were included; 75.4% were classified as responders. Final BCVA was significantly better in responders (p=0.002). The baseline ONL was thicker (p

Introdução: As adenopatias são frequentes na população pediátrica. Geralmente são secundárias a processos benignos e auto-limitados, mas podem associar-se a situações de maior gravidade. Quando ocorre envolvimento de duas ou mais regiões ganglionares não contíguas é classificada como generalizada, sendo a doença sistémica a causa mais comum. Caso clínico: Adolescente do sexo masculino, 16 anos de idade, admitido no serviço de urgência (SU) por tumefação axilar à esquerda com 4 dias de evolução. Sem sintomas sistémicos associados. Negava conviventes doentes ou viagens recentes. De salientar apenas o contato com animais (cão e gato). Ao exame objetivo apresentava adenomegalias na região cervical (bilaterais com cerca de 2 cm de maior diâmetro à esquerda), supraclavicular (à esquerda com cerca de 1 cm de maior diâmetro) e axilar (bilaterais com cerca de 1,5 cm de maior diâmetro à esquerda), de consistência elástica, bordos regulares, indolores à palpação e não aderentes aos planos superficiais e profundos. O estudo analítico e a radiografia torácica não revelaram alterações de relevo. Efetuou tomografia computorizada (TC) tóraco-abdominopélvica que confirmou a presença de adenopatias generalizadas nomeadamente axilares, mediastínicas, retroperitoneais e mesentéricas. De salientar marcadores víricos negativos. O estudo serológico revelou tratar-se de uma infeção aguda portoxoplasmose, pela presença de IgG e de IgM positivas (>250 UI/L e >10.000 respetivamente). Em consulta de seguimento, foi documentado o decréscimo da IgM (7,66 Index) tendo-se verificado concomitantemente uma resolução progressiva e espontânea da sintomatologia. Conclusão: As adenopatias generalizadas estão associadas a inúmeras etiologias constituindo um desafio diagnóstico. A toxoplasmose é uma infeção causada por um parasita intracelular, o Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii), e a serologia é o teste mais utilizado para estabelecimento de diagnóstico. A maioria apresenta uma evolução benigna, pelo que não existe necessidade de tratamento.

A Feira da Saúde foi uma das oficinas do Projeto Rondon em Caridade – CE durante a Operação Mandacaru de Janeiro de 2015. As ações basearam-se na realização de um circuito de atendimento, no qual o paciente foi acolhido e a seguir, foram registradas, em uma ficha desenvolvida para a feira, informações de saúde desses indivíduos. Ao final do circuito, cada paciente recebeu orientações feitas pelos rondonistas baseadas nos resultados encontrados na ficha do indivíduo, enfatizando as orientações para o autocuidado que, de acordo com as evidências científicas, reduzem a mortalidade. Ao se avaliar o perfil de saúde desses indivíduos, perceberam-se os hábitos de vida desfavoráveis para o aparecimento e/ou agravamento das doenças crônicas, como a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e o Diabetes Mellitus. Portanto, acredita-se que as Feiras da Saúde foram de suma importância para a conscientização da população desse município para o autocuidado orientado através de hábitos de vida saudáveis.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is currently the most rapid growing neurodegenerative disease and over the past generation, its global burden has more than doubled. The onset of PD can arise due to environmental, sporadic or genetic factors. Nevertheless, most PD cases have an unknown etiology. Chemicals, such as the anthropogenic pollutant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and amphetamine-type stimulants, have been associated with the onset of PD. Conversely, cannabinoids have been associated with the treatment of the symptoms’. PD and medical cannabis is currently under the spotlight, and research to find its benefits on PD is on-going worldwide. However, the described clinical applications and safety of pharmacotherapy with cannabis products are yet to be fully supported by scientific evidence. Furthermore, the novel psychoactive substances are currently a popular alternative to classical drugs of abuse, representing an unknown health hazard for young adults who may develop PD later in their lifetime. This review addresses the neurotoxic and neuroprotective impact of illicit substance consumption in PD, presenting clinical evidence and molecular and cellular mechanisms of this association. This research area is utterly important for contemporary society since illicit drugs’ legalization is under discussion which may have consequences both for the onset of PD and for the treatment of its symptoms.

Intensification of agriculture worldwide has led to a growing awareness on their environmental impacts, namely on soil quality and long term impact on crop productivity. As a consequence, there is an increasing concern regarding best agricultural management practices and their impact on physical, chemical and biological soil properties. In the Centre region of Portugal, maize is one of the most important arable crops and represents more than 32% of the cultivated area. Maize fields have been intensively managed under conventional practices, but increasing land degradation is leading farmers to adopt improved management practices, such as the application of composted sludge from urban wastewater treatment plants. This study aims to assess the long term impact of composted sludge application as soil amendment in maize cropping fields. The study was performed in Baixo Mondego, in central region of Portugal, largely devoted to agriculture and where maize is one of the most relevant crops. The study was performed in two study sites with similar soil and weather characteristics - one managed under conventional practices, with intensive application of fertilizers, and another field where a significant part of mineral fertilizers is replaced by composted sludge. Both sites use these agricultural management practices for more than 5 years. In 2018, two soil sampling campaigns were performed to assess the physical (texture and bulk density) and chemical soil properties (organic matter content, total nitrogen, total and extractable phosphorus, exchangeable cation (K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn and Ni)). Results show that composted sludge improves soil organic matter content (1.2% vs. 2.2%), total (2747 mg kg-1 vs. 1134 mg kg-1) and available phosphorous (821.85 mg kg-1 vs. 98.44 mg kg-1) comparing with conventional management practices. Higher contents of heavy metals, specifically Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr, were found in the field with sludge application than in the conventional one, which may represent a long term risk for soil contamination. Information regarding the long term impacts of best management practices on soil quality is relevant and should guide farmers and policy makers to attain agricultural sustainability.

Introduction A healthy city is one that continually creates and improves psychosocial and social environments and expands community resources allowing people to develop to their maximum portential. The role of SEDoHs is incontestable, yet we continue to face many of the same SEDoH-related problems despite what we know. Objectives and Approach This project presents the idea of "Empathic Cultural Mapping" (ECM). ECM is an interactive story map which brings together vignettes taken from individual stories curated with "big data" derived from places such as Statistics Canada, the City of Calgary, and library holdings at the University of Calgary. ECM seeks to challenge users to re-imagine long held constructions around sectoral, and disciplinary driven interpretations and categorizations of lifestyle, consumption, health, and the environment. ECM seeks to encourage knowledge users from multiple sectors to think beyond what is known and to consider what might be possible. Results ECM is a creative interactive undertaking. In developing ECM, a range of creative research processes have been used to record and tell the stories of a small group of newcomers (defined as those who migrate, seek refuge, or claim asylum in Canada) and position these within large data. A desire to improve the health and wellbeing of individuals and communties through opening processes of dialogoue between local government, non-government organizations, communitites, and individuals lies at the heart of this project. Knowledge and sense-making are key features of individual and community empowerment within the ECM and are viewed as powerful stimuli for change as well as powerful allies for health and a buffer against its threats. Conclusion/Implications ECM creates, shares, and brings together individual stories and 'big data'. It identifies needs that impact health in the everyday. It seeks to improve awareness of the world around us. It encourages people to communicate their experiences. Finally, it achieves its goals by using creative processes.

ObjectiveAnalyze the cases of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) admitted in a Neurology Department during an 8-year period.MethodRetrospective observational study in a central hospital in the north of Portugal.Results14 patients were identified, mean age 52.3 years. Precipitating factors included: eclampsia, isolated arterial hypertension, spinal trauma and autonomic dysreflexia, Guillain-Barré syndrome, sepsis, sarcoidosis and pulmonary cryptococcosis and drugs. Most patients presented posterior-predominant vasogenic edema lesions, however 64.2% presented frontal lesions and in 42.8% cerebellum was involved. Four patients also had acute ischemic lesions and 1 had hemorrhagic lesions. During follow-up 10 patients recovered fully, 2 recovered partially, 1 suffered a recurrence and 2 died in hospital.ConclusionPRES has many etiological factors. The terms posterior and reversible should be revised because PRES frequently involves other brain regions and it is not always reversible. PRES patients may develop life-threatening complications and mortality is not negligible.

Gastric mucosal heterotopia has been described in all levels of the gastrointestinal tract. Its occurrence in the rectum is uncommon. We report the case of a 4-year-old boy referred to Pediatric Gastroenterology for intermittent rectal bleeding for the past 2 years. Total ileocolonoscopy revealed a flat, well-circumscribed lesion of 4 cm, with elevated margins, localized at 10 cm from the anal verge. Histologic examination showed typical gastric mucosa of the oxyntic type. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors was started without resolution of the symptoms and, therefore, an endoscopic mucosal resection was performed. Heterotopic gastric mucosa represents a rare cause of rectal bleeding in children and endoscopic evaluation is fundamental for diagnosis. Although not usually performed in pediatric ages, endoscopic mucosectomy allows complete resolution of the problem avoiding surgery.

Este estudo qualitativo descritivo objetivou compreender a relação entre o consumo de álcool e a expressão da violência no relacionamento de casais compostos por pelo menos um cônjuge dependente do álcool. Foram realizadas entrevistas com uso de roteiro semiestruturado com dez casais, posteriormente transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Todos os casais relataram violência conjugal, atrelada ao uso de álcool. A violência, principalmente verbal e física, foi protagonizada por ambos os cônjuges e agravada com o tempo e com o aumento da quantidade de ingestão de álcool. Foram relatadas outras dificuldades relacionais e de trabalho, associadas ao uso contínuo do álcool, além de histórico de uso de substâncias e de violência nas famílias de origem dos participantes. Este estudo evidenciou a complexidade e a dinâmica da violência conjugal, associada à dependência de álcool, que deve ser considerada em programas de prevenção, redução de danos ou outras intervenções e encaminhamentos do casal enquanto um sistema que demanda atenção integral.

Cover plants are essential for the sustainability of no-tillage systems in tropical regions. However, information on the effects of these plants and N fertilization on soil organic matter fractions is still scarce. This study evaluated the effect of cover crops with different chemical composition and of N topdressing on the labile and humified organic matter fractions of an Oxisol of the Cerrado (savanna-like vegetation). The study in a randomized complete block design was arranged in split-plots with three replications. Four cover species were tested in the plots and the presence or absence of N topdressing in the subplot. The following cover species were planted in succession to corn for eight years: Urochloa ruziziensis; Canavalia brasiliensis M. ex Benth; Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp; and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. In general, the cultivation of U. ruziziensis increased soil C levels, particularly of C in the humic acid and particulate organic C fractions, which are quality indicators of soil organic matter. The C in humic substances and mineral organic C accounted for the highest proportions of total organic C, demonstrating the strong interaction between organic matter, Fe and Al oxides and kaolinite, which are predominant in these weathered soils of the Cerrado.

The objective of this study was to analyze intergenerational patterns of alcohol related violence (ARV). An intentional sample comprising 42 family members was selected according to a set of criteria, including history of ARV. A genogram based on anonymous semi-structured taped interviews was created. The Content Analysis pointed to different patterns of repetition of intergenerational ARV. The most recurrent ones were those of lineal consanguinity (father/son) and through marriage. We observed similarities over the generations of each family as regards the pattern of alcohol consumption; the type of violence; the family reaction and the family life cycle in which ARV was intensified. Our results confirm the intergenerational reproduction of ARV. In conclusion, it is important to create intervention strategies to prevent intergenerational repetition of this association of behaviors.

High mortality rates have been observed in Teleost during early developmental stages, as well as great variations in reproductive tactics, which are related to adaptations towards environmental conditions and ecological niches for which different species have a specific response. The objective of this study was to describe reproductive tactics related to the survival of Cichlasoma orientale offspring, including aspects of body size, parental care, fecundity, oocyte size and spawning patterns. Samples were performed monthly from August 2011 to July 2013, in lentic and lotic environments at Curu river basin, Brazilian Northeastern semiarid region. Individual behavior (n=113) was observed underwater for over 50 hours by ad libitum sampling and focal-animal sampling. Collected individuals (males n=185, females n=95) were evaluated regarding the standard length, batch fecundity, oocyte size and spawning pattern. In females with mature ovaries, oocyte groups at different developmental stages were observed, these cells were counted and measured, and fecundity was estimated by the gravimetric method. Our results showed that the species displayed biparental care behavior and, on average, males were larger than females. Based on 46 ovaries, the average batch fecundity was 2 052±849 (range: 254-3 389). Standard length and batch fecundity were positively correlated, but no correlation was found between oocyte size and standard length. The maximum diameter observed in the most developed oocytes was 1.8mm. The observed distribution of oocyte size classes indicated synchronous oocyte development in three groups: previtellogenic, vitellogenic and mature, showing that C. orientale is a multiple spawner. Differences in the amount of oocytes among the three groups were observed, with the most developed group showing the smallest number of oocytes. The combination of low fecundity and large egg size is characteristic of demersal spawners due to a greater environmental stability. Multiple spawning increases chances of survival mainly because of increased fecundity per reproductive season, and the reduced competition among the offspring. We concluded that C. orientale makes a heavy investment in larval survival in detriment of the offspring number. Survival is favored by the large size of oocytes, large yolk reserve, biparental care and multiple spawning pattern.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the addition of foaming agent and drying temperature on the powders characteristics produced using tomato pulp. The influence of the treatments on the pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, tapped density, solubility and hygroscopicity of the powders produced at drying temperatures of 60ºC and 80 ºC, with addition of albumin and with no albumin were evaluated. Higher values of acidity and lower values of pH were observed for the treatments added with albumin in both temperatures were verified. The ascorbic acid content in the pulp was significant (p

Visando identificar associações entre tipos de violência na família, realizou-se um levantamento domiciliar por amostragem probabilística com 480 mulheres, entre 18 e 60 anos (M=39,1; DP=12,2), num bairro de baixa renda em Juiz de Fora/MG. Utilizou-se a Escala de Táticas de Conflito Revisada e a Escala de Táticas de Conflito entre Pais-Crianças. A violência psicológica variou de 77% a 89% nas relações estudadas. A violência física foi maior ou igual a 20%. Foram observadas associações entre praticar e ser vítima de quase todas as modalidades de violência conjugal. Ser vítima ou agressora na relação conjugal também apresentou associação com violência contra filhos. Tais resultados evidenciam a circularidade das relações violentas e a relevância de ações preventivas na família em detrimento a ações individualizadas.

It is widely accepted that urbanization modifies the hydrological processes, increasing runoff and flood hazard. However, after decades of research, the magnitude of the impacts is not well understood. This is partially due to spatial-temporal differences in rainfall-runoff processes over complex landscapes comprising different land-uses, typical of peri-urban areas. This study aims to investigate the impact of different spatial patterns of pavement on surface runoff, under distinct weather conditions (dry vs wet). Inspired on urban cores observed in peri-urban catchments, 7 spatial patterns were investigated: 100% pavement, 100% pervious, and 60% pavement (and 40% pervious) under continuous placement located upslope or downslope, and under dispersed patterns with regular, irregular and linear distribution. Concrete blocks were used as pavement material, whereas pervious surfaces were simulated using either bare soil, 1.5 kg·m−3 with sandy-loam texture, or commercial natural grass carpets. The 13 configurations of pavement and pervious materials, pavement-soil and pavement-grass were simulated in the laboratory, in a 1.0 × 1.0 m2 flume, with 0.05 m soil depth and 9° slope. Three rainfall simulation experiments were performed for each spatial configuration. Each experiment comprises a set of four sequential storms with 50 mm·h−1 over 20-min, interrupted by 30-min intervals, to simulate dry and increasingly wet antecedent settings. Results show that runoff is driven by both spatial pattern and soil moisture. Runoff coefficients ranged from 70−81% in fully paved surfaces to 1.4−40% in bare soil and 0.2−3.8% in grass, exhibiting increasing values from dry to wet antecedent moisture conditions, especially in bare soil. Under dry conditions, continuous pavement generates more runoff if placed downslope than upslope (28% vs 5% with grass and 37% vs 33% with bare soil). Under wet settings, however, continuous pavement generated (i) higher runoff if associated with downslope than upslope bare soil (63% vs 52%), due to saturation-excess favored by cumulative rainfall and upslope runoff; and (ii) lower runoff if associated with downslope than upslope grass surface (33% vs 24%). When considering dispersed pavement, runoff increased from dry to wet conditions, ranging from 32% to 62% and 1.3% to 23% when distributed with soil and grass covers, respectively. Adequate urban planning based on spatial patterns that maximize runoff sinks over the landscape should be considered to enhance urban flood resilience. Grass (as other covers) has higher capacity to retain and infiltrate rainfall and runoff than bare soil, and may represent a nature-based solution to mitigate flood hazard in peri-urban areas.

In this contribution we studied the trophic ecology of four Characidae species from the Cavalo Stream, upper Tocantins River, considering diet overlap and trophic niche breadth. The diet of the four species was composed of adult and immature insects, both autochthonous and allochthonous in origin. Autochthonous items dominated the diet of Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858), Bryconamericus sp., and Creagrutus atrisignum Myers, 1917. By contrast, allochthonous items were dominant in the diet of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Trophic niche breadth varied among species, with the highest value recorded for M. dichroura (0.48), followed by Bryconamericus sp. (0.39), A. bimaculatus (0.33) and C. atrisignum (0.29). Similarity analysis revealed two groups with different patterns of food preference. The first group was composed of insectivorous and the second by omnivorous species. The overlap in food items consumed by the four species studied was high. We suggest that resources are not limited in this stream and that competition might not be regulating these populations. This is one more case corroborating the general pattern registered for Tropical environments, where resource partitioning and specialization are responsible by the organization of fish communities.

The mangrove crab Ucides cordatus is an important resource of estuarine regions along the Brazilian coast. U. cordatus is distributed from Florida, USA, to the coast of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The species plays an important role in processing leaf litter in the mangroves, which optimizes the processes of energy transfer and nutrient cycling, and is considered a keystone species in the ecosystem. Population declines have been reported in different parts of the Brazilian coast. In the present study we evaluated aspects of the population structure, sex ratio and size at morphological sexual maturity. We analyzed 977 specimens collected monthly over 24 months (2010-2012), in a mangrove of the Jaguaribe River, in the municipality of Aracati on the East coast of Ceará state, Northeastern Brazil. The study area has a mild semiarid tropical climate, with mean temperatures between 26 and 28oC. The area is located within the eco-region of the semiarid Northeast coast, where mangroves occur in small areas and estuaries are affected by mesomareal regimes. The population structure was evaluated by the frequency distribution of size classes in each month, and the overall sex ratio was analyzed using the chi-square test. Size at morphological sexual maturity was estimated based on the allometry of the cheliped of the males and the abdomen width of the females, using the program REGRANS. The size-frequency distribution was unimodal in both sexes. The overall sex ratio (M: F) (1:0.6) was significantly different from 1:1. Analysis of the sex ratio by size class showed that the proportion of males increased significantly from size class 55-60mm upward, and this pattern persisted in the larger size classes. In the smaller size classes the sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. The size at morphological sexual maturity was estimated at a carapace width (CW) of 52mm and 45mm for males and females, respectively. Analysis of the population parameters indicated that the population of U. cordatus in the Jaguaribe River mangrove is stable. However, constant monitoring of the population is required to detect any changes in the population attributes that may affect this stability. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (4): 1721-1735. Epub 2013 December 01

A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as crenças dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACSs) de um município de Minas Gerais a respeito da violência doméstica (VD) contra crianças e adolescentes. Participaram todos os trinta ACSs do município, os quais, num primeiro momento, responderam a um questionário autoaplicável, estruturado, individual e anônimo. Num segundo momento, os ACSs foram convidados a participar de um grupo focal. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os dados indicaram uma forte tendência dos entrevistados a considerar o álcool e as drogas como geradores de VD contra crianças e adolescentes, assim como de problemas relacionais e intrafamiliares (falta de amor e carinho, falta de diálogo, falta de atenção e falta de uma estrutura familiar, por exemplo). Os resultados deixam clara a necessidade de se pensar em intervenções eficazes no plano institucional, visto que no espaço pesquisado não se desenvolve um projeto específico de prevenção e combate à VD, nem uma política voltada à capacitação dos ACSs para lidar com esta problemática.

Enquadramento: O conhecimento dos determinantes de saúde que afetam a saúde oral e a qualidade de vida das crianças são da maior importância para alavancar a definição de políticas de redução do risco de doença e de promoção da saúde (DGS, 2008b). Objetivo: Avaliar a perceção dos pais sobre a Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde Oral das crianças em idade pré-escolar. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo-correlacional e transversal. Foi utilizado o Questionário Qualidade de Vida Relacionado com a Saúde Oral das Crianças/Adolescentes (Q2VRSOC/A), construído por Pahel, Rozier e Slade, (2007) e traduzido e validado por Bica-Costa (2013), numa amostra de 412 pais/educadores de crianças (50,5% meninos e 49,5% meninas), com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e 6 anos (=4,33; DP=0,934), a frequentar jardins de infância do distrito de Viseu. Resultados: Apurou-se que 47,5% das crianças/adolescentes apresenta bons hábitos de higiene oral; 31,9% fracos e 20,6% razoáveis. A Qualidade de Vida Relacionada com a Saúde Oral é influenciada pela idade da criança (p=.000); pela sua preferência alimentar (p=.014); pelo estado de saúde geral (p=.034) e oral (p=.000); pela abordagem da saúde e higiene oral realizada pelo enfermeiro (p=.026); pela observação da boca e dentes das crianças pelos pais (p=.006); pela consulta no dentista (p=.000) e pela presença de cáries dentárias (p=.000). Conclusão: Pelos resultados obtidos infere-se que quanto maior o impacto dos problemas orais, pior é a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral das crianças e, sendo assim, é de primordial importância desenvolver ações de educação para a saúde oral.

Este texto apresenta a fase inicial da implementação de um conjunto de experiências pedagógicas realizadas numa instituição de ensino superior em Portugal. Argumenta-se que modelos de aprendizagem ativa não devem se restringir a sessões teóricas, mas que os alunos devem passar pelo processo de forma significativa no sentido de Ausubel (2003). Apresentam-se três casos realizados para testar, avaliar e verificar processos e estratégias de par pedagógico e interdisciplinaridade criados e desenvolvidos por professores, demonstrando, em alguns casos (isolados), evidências de comunidade de prática.

Este estudo focaliza a violência doméstica contra idosos sob a perspectiva das crenças dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde de Juiz de Fora, Brasil. A amostra constituiu-se de 197 profissionais do Programa Saúde da Família. Realizaram-se análises de correlação entre as crenças dos profissionais de saúde e os tipos de violência doméstica e o grau de parentesco dos agressores, bem como da relação entre violência doméstica e consumo de álcool e drogas. Foi também observada a atuação dos profissionais de saúde diante da suspeita ou confirmação de violência e, ainda, a existência ou não de treinamento para esses profissionais. Os resultados apontaram que a atuação dos profissionais de saúde está restrita à pratica de encaminhamentos e que parte de suas crenças foram confirmadas pelos dados da literatura. Essa confirmação pode ter sido viabilizada pela experiência de contato dos profissionais com a realidade da violência doméstica. Potencialmente, os profissionais de saúde poderiam ter uma atuação voltada para a violência doméstica contra idosos.

Objetivos: identificar o que as pessoas sabem sobre fendas labiais e/ou palatinas; discutir o papel do enfermeiro na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos portadores de fendas labiais e/ou palatinas. Métodos: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. O cenário foi um ambulatório de clínica médica de um hospital universitário localizado no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos foram 12 pacientes que aguardavam consulta no ambulatório de clínica médica. Utilizamos para coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo CEP da Instituição e os sujeitos assinaram o TCLE. Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes categorias temáticas: o conhecimento sobre a fenda labiopalatina; falando sobre o tratamento; vivendo com fendas labiopalatinas. Conclusão: Diante da falta de conhecimento sobre as fendas labiopalatinas os portadores enfrentam dificuldades criadas por preconceitos e carência de conhecimento. Destacamos necessidade de esclarecimentos sobre essa temática, para que haja melhor inserção destas pessoas na sociedade.

It was suggested that intravenous thrombolysis (IT) leads to larger extent recanalization in cardioembolic stroke. In this work we assess if this has beneficial clinical traduction. METHOD: We evaluated 177 patients undergoing IT, which were categorized into cardioembolic (CE) and non-cardioembolic (NCE). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin scale were compared. RESULTS: The mean age was 67.4±12.01 and 53.8% were male. The mean NIHSS was: 14 (admission), 9 (24 h) and 6 (discharge), similar in subgroups. The difference between NIHSS at admission and 24 hours was 4.17±4.92 (CE: 4.08±4.71; NCE: 4.27±5.17, p=0.900) and at admission and discharge there was an average difference of 6.74±5.58 (CE: 6.97±5.68; NCE: 6.49±5.49, p=0.622). The mRS at discharge and 3 months was not significantly different by subtype, although individuals whose event was NCE are more independent at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Ours findings argue against a specific paper of IT in CE. It can result from heterogeneity of NCE group.

Key to understand predator choice is the relationship between predator and prey abundance. There are few studies related to prey selection and availability. Such an approach is still current, because the ability to predict aspects of the diet in response to changes in prey availability is one of the major problems of trophic ecology. The general objective of this study was to evaluate prey selection by two species (Characidium cf. vidali and Pimelodella lateristriga) of the Mato Grosso stream, in Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Benthos and fishes were collected in June, July and September of 2006 and January and February of 2007. Fish were collected with electric fishing techniques and benthos with a surber net. Densities of benthic organisms were expressed as the number of individuals per/m2. After sampling, the invertebrates were fixed in 90% ethanol, and, in the laboratory, were identified to the lowest taxonomical level. Approximately, seventy individuals from each species were selected randomly in each month. Fishes were fixed in 10% formalin in the field and transferred to 70o GL ethanol in the laboratory. Fishes had their stomachs removed for subsequent analysis. Fish diet was described according to the numeric frequency method. The Manly Electivity I ndex was applied in order to verify prey selection. The most abundant families in both benthos and diet of both fish species were the same, indicating that these species consume mainly most abundant prey in the environment. We concluded that prey selection occurs even for preys that had small abundance in the environment . However, it is the availability of the macroinvertebrate resources that determines the major composition of items in diet of fish, demonstrating that the abundance is the factor that most influences the choice of prey. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1697-1706. Epub 2011 December 01.

The Mato Grosso is a typical Atlantic Forest stream located on the East coast of Brazil, approximately 70km from Rio de Janeiro city. From its source at about 800m a.s.l, the stream drains a 30km² area of the Northwestern part of the municipality of Saquarema, state of Rio de Janeiro and flows into the Saquarema Lagoon system. We hypothesized that fish species occupy distinct mesohabitats, with the prediction that their occurrences and densities differ among the microhabitats of riffles, runs and pools. A 250m-long stretch of the stream located in its uppermost part was selected for this study, where it becomes second-order. Mesohabitat description and their fish characterization were undertaken. Fish sampling was conducted by electroshocking and after their identification and counting, they were returned to the stream. For mesohabitat characterization, a Discriminant Function Analysis (DA) was applied. The total number of samples was estimated by the Zippin method and the recorded densities were used as an Indicator Species Analysis (ISA), followed by a Monte Carlo test for 1 000 permutations. The DA significantly separated the three predetermined mesohabitats (pool, riffle and run) (WL=0.13, F=187.70, p=0.001). We found five species of fishes, belonging to four families and three orders. The fishes Rhamdia quelen, Phalloceros harpagos, Pimelodella lateristriga and Astyanax taeniatus are indicators of the pool environment in the Mato Grosso stream, whereas Characidium cf. vidali is an indicator of the riffle environment. The Monte Carlo test detected non-random mesohabitat use only for P. lateristriga and A. taeniatus in the pools and for Characidium cf. vidali in the riffles. We concluded that the Mato Grosso stream contains three well-defined mesohabitats, with indicator species present in two of these mesohabitats. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (4): 1479-1487. Epub 2010 December 01.

Resumo O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estimar os fatores determinantes da oferta turística do município de Ilhéus, na alta estação do ano de 2007. Fundamentado no conceito de que a oferta turística é subdividida em três categorias, atrativos, equipamentos/serviços, e infra-estrutura, procurou-se avaliar estes componentes solicitando aos turistas notas que representassem seu nível de satisfação. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e por meio da análise fatorial. Os resultados indicam que os atrativos naturais, a hospitalidade, a gastronomia e os meios de hospedagem agradaram. Por outro lado, o patrimônio histórico-cultural, as manifestações populares, as empresas de receptivo, os guias, e as diversões noturnas destacam-se como os mais criticados. Oito fatores foram extraídos, responsáveis por, aproximadamente, 60,4% da variância total dos dados. Palavras-chave: satisfação; turistas; estatísticas; analise fatorial. Abstract The present work has for objective to esteem the determinative factors of offers tourist of the city of Ilhéus, in the high station of the year of 2007. Based on the concept of that it offers tourist is subdivided in three categories, attractive, equipment/services, and infrastructure, we wanted to evaluate these components requesting to the tourists grades that represented its level of satisfaction. The data had been analyzed through the descriptive statistics and the factorial analysis. The results indicate that natural attractive, the hospitality, the gastronomy and the ways of lodging had pleased. On the other hand, the historical-cultural patrimony, the popular manifestations, the companies of receptive, the guides, and the nocturnal diversions are distinguished as the most criticized. Eight factors had been extracted, responsible for, approximately, 60.4% of the total variance of the data. Keywords: satisfaction; tourist; statistics; factorial analysis.

A varicela é uma doença infecto contagiosa comum na infância, ocorrendo pouco mais de 2% dos casos em adultos. Desde a década de 80 que a sua incidência nos adultos tem vindo a aumentar, dos quais apenas 7% são seronegativos¹. A pneumonia a Varicella zoster, se bem que rara, constitui a complicação mais grave e mais frequente no adulto. Os autores apresentam um caso clínico ilustrativo de pneumonia a Varicella zoster num adulto fumador e imunocompetente e fazem uma breve revisão teórica sobre o tema.Varicella (chickenpox) is a common contagious infection of childhood, with fewer than 2% of the cases occurring in adults. Since the early 1980s the incidence of chickenpox in adults has been increasing and only 7% of them are seronegative for Varicella zoster antibodies. Pneumonia, although rare, is the most common and serious complication of chickenpox infection in adults. The authors present an illustrative case of varicella pneumonia in an immunocompetent adult with smoking habits and make a brief thematic review.

A violência doméstica (VD) vem sendo apontada como uma das principais causas de morbi-mortalidade, despertando, no setor saúde, uma grande preocupação com essa temática. A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar as crenças dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) a respeito da violência doméstica(VD) contra crianças, adolescentes e idosos. Utilizou-se a técnica dos grupos focais e foram pesquisadas 24 Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Dentre os tipos de VD mais freqüentemente detectados, estão: “Física” e “Negligência” para crianças/adolescentes, e “Financeira” e “Psicológica/Emocional” no caso dos idosos. As mães foram apontadas como principais agressores das crianças/adolescentes enquanto os filhos foram citados como principais agressores dos idosos. Os resultados deixam clara a necessidade de se pensar em uma capacitação dos ACS, assim como na elaboração e implantação de políticas públicas de prevenção e combate à VD no universo pesquisado.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender las restricciones de los técnicos en enfermería ante la permanencia de acompañantes en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de tipo exploratorio. Los sujetos fueron 11 técnicos en enfermería de todos los turnos. La recolección de los datos se realizó mediante dos encuentros en el mes de marzo de 2008. Para el análisis se utilizó la técnica del Discurso de Sujeto Colectivo. Con el análisis fue posible reconocer dos tópicos : el Tópico I, revela que los acompañantes representan una sobrecarga para los técnicos, y el Tópico II muestra que los técnicos se sienten desprotegidos frente a ellos. Se concluye que las razones que supuestamente generan el conflicto no es la relación con el acompañante o el desarrollo de técnicas de observación, sino la poca valorización profesional y la falta de apoyo para ejecutar las actividades diarias.

A propósito de um caso clínico, os autores fazem uma breve revisão sobre sarcoidose e o seu potencial envolvimento endobrônquico.In reference to a clinical report, the authors make a review on sarcoidosis and it’s endobronchial involvement.

Resumo: A propósito de um caso clínico, os autores fazem uma breve revisão sobre sarcoidose e o seu potencial envolvimento endobrônquico.Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (6): 879-882 Abstract: In reference to a clinical report, the authors make a review on sarcoidosis and itâs endobronchial involvement.Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIII (6): 879-882 Palavras-chave: Sarcoidose, sarcoidose endobrônquica, caso clínico, Key-words: Sarcoidosis, endobronchial sarcoidosis, clinical report

The habitat use is an individual choice that is influenced by physical conditions such as substrate type, food resources availability and adequate depth. However, habitat use is often measured only through interspecific variability because intraspecific variability is supposed to be low. Here, the differences in habitat use by two stream fish assemblages in two different environments (Brazilian rainforest and semiarid) were investigated at both interspecific and intraspecific levels. We performed 55 hours of underwater observation in a 200 meters long stretch in each stream and quantified the following habitat descriptors: (i) water velocity, (ii) distance from the stream bank, (iii) substratum, (iv) water column depth, (v) aquatic cover, and (vi) canopy percentage. To compare intra and interspecific variability we summarized the multivariate habitat use databases using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) on Euclidean distance. An Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM) was performed to test the differences in habitat use by the two assemblages. Besides, in each fish community we did an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to test within vs between species variability for individual position on each PCA axes. To go further than these univariate tests, the differences among the species and assemblages were tested with Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA). The habitat use between assemblages was significantly different (ANOSIM – R=0.14; p

Nos doentes idosos há um risco elevado de medicação inapropriada e de efeitos adversos da polimedicação. Doente do sexo feminino, 68 anos, previamente autónoma, recorre ao Serviço de Urgência por suspeita de Acidente Vascular Cerebral. Segundo o marido, nos seis meses prévios à admissão, apresentou progressiva dependência funcional e períodos de desorientação. Por esse motivo, havia recorrido a consultas de diferentes especialidades, encontrando-se polimedicada, sendo impossível perceber a posologia administrada. Apresentava-se desatenta, desorientada, apráxica, com mioclonias e marcha atáxica. Durante o internamento, após suspensão de toda a medicação crónica, revelou melhoria gradual, apresentando, à data de alta, exame neurológico completamente normal. A iatrogenia medicamentosa como causa reversível para quadros demenciais deve ser equacionada. Todos os doentes, particularmente os idosos e seus cuidadores, deverão ser adequadamente informados acerca dos medicamentos prescritos e da respetiva posologia. A utilização do modelo biopsicossocial poderá evitar a polimedicação inapropriada e a iatrogenia.

This article presents the results of a survey of the changes in the profile and practice of the school manager in the face of the recent conjunctural perspectives that contribute to the emergence of new concepts in education. Through a journey back in time, an analysis is made of the different approaches that have influenced management in general, and school management in particular, drawing on the classic works of authors such as Taylor, Fayol and Mayo. The cultural, political and socioeconomic changes that have been taking place in society over the past few years have repercussions for school organization and raise concepts such as democracy, participation, and the decentralization of power. In order to investigate the current situation, a study was made by means of interviews with twenty directors working in the school system of Recife, Pernambuco, with the aim of elucidating their views on education, school management and democracy from the perspective of the ongoing confrontation between theory and daily practice. Frente às recentes perspectivas conjunturais que vêm contribuindo para a construção de novos conceitos em educação, apresentamos resultados de pesquisa realizada sobre a mudança do perfil e da prática do administrador escolar.

As imunodeficiências secundárias encontram-se associadas a elevada incidência de infecções e neoplasias, bem como ao desenvolvimento de doenças auto-imunes. O status imunológico pode ser alterado por diversas condições, tais como a idade avançada, a malnutrição e as infecções micobacterianas. Contudo, o tratamento da condição primária resulta frequentemente na melhoria do compromisso imunológico. Os autores apresentam um caso de encefalite e hepatite por citomegalovírus, decorrente de reactivação viríca associada ao desenvolvimento de imunodeficiência secundária em doente Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana negativa.

The purpose of this study was to optimize the formulation of tomato pulp foam and to evaluate the drying process using the foam mat method at temperatures of 60°C and 80°C. The optimization was conducted by analyzing the effect of the albumin concentration (expressed in %) and whipping time (expressed in minutes) in relation to the response variables of foam density and thermal stability of the foam based on the volume of remaining foam. The drying curves (moisture versus drying time ratio) for the control treatment (CT; no albumin addition) and optimized treatment (OT) were obtained. The results showed that only the whipping time variable (linear and quadratic effects) had significant influence (p < 0.05) on the foam density values. The foam stability was significantly influenced by the whipping time (p < 0.10) and albumin concentration (p < 0.10). The optimum foam formation conditions considering higher foam stability and lower density included a 4.5% albumin concentration and a 4.5 minutes of whipping time. The results of the drying curves showed that the foam formation with albumin significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the time necessary to reach moisture equilibrium during drying. The moisture equilibrium values were not significantly different (p > 0.05) among the treatments with foam application at the studied temperatures, but they were lower than the treatments without foam application.

Composition, diversity and density of benthic macroinvertebrates were described based on samples from the four different sites of Rio Mato Grosso, Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro. Biotic and environmental data were obtained in January 2006 in microhabitats with different substrates. A total of 5.605 specimens of the 28 insect families and two crustaceous families are sampled. The lowest values of richness, diversity, equitability and density were observed in low altitude sites. The highest diversity and density values were observed in litter substrate, while sand substrate showed lower values of these parameters. Estrutura da Comunidade de Macroinvertebrados Aquáticos de um Riacho de Mata Atlântica, Brasil Resumo. A composição, diversidade e densidade de macroinvertebrados bentônicos foram descritas a partir de amostras provenientes de quatro localidades distintas do Rio Mato Grosso, Saquarema, Rio de Janeiro. Os dados bióticos e abióticos foram obtidos em janeiro 2006 em microhabitats com diferentes tipos de substrato. Foi amostrado um total de 5.605 espécimes de 28 famílias de insetos e duas de crustáceos. Os menores valores de riqueza, diversidade, equitabilidade e densidade foram registrados nas localidades de menor altitude. Folhiço foi o substrato com maiores valores de diversidade e densidade, enquanto areia apresentou os menores valores desses parâmetros.

Gender-based violence (GBV) is global issue, requiring specialized knowledge, attitudes, and skills. The most effective responses are interdisciplinary, involving social work, healthcare, and the justice system. While GBV was exacerbated during the pandemic, many students faced a reduced availability of practice opportunities to learn how to respond to GBV. The authors describe a teaching and learning project which expanded access to experiential, interdisciplinary learning across three faculties (social work, nursing, law) by using virtual gaming simulation-based learning (VGSBL). Processes of development and implementation are discussed, along with recommendations for further integration of VGSBL in addressing grand challenges of social work education such as interdisciplinary collaboration in responding to GBV.

A violência doméstica (VD) vem sendo apontada como uma das principais causas de morbi-mortalidade, despertando, no setor saúde, uma grande preocupação com essa temática. A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar as crenças dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) a respeito da violência doméstica(VD) contra crianças, adolescentes e idosos. Utilizou-se a técnica dos grupos focais e foram pesquisadas 24 Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Dentre os tipos de VD mais freqüentemente detectados, estão: “Física” e “Negligência” para crianças/adolescentes, e “Financeira” e “Psicológica/Emocional” no caso dos idosos. As mães foram apontadas como principais agressores das crianças/adolescentes enquanto os filhos foram citados como principais agressores dos idosos. Os resultados deixam clara a necessidade de se pensar em uma capacitação dos ACS, assim como na elaboração e implantação de políticas públicas de prevenção e combate à VD no universo pesquisado.

O ensino da língua estrangeira no 1 º Ciclo (6 a 10) é uma realidade na Madeira já há treze anos. Todos osalunos dp 1 º Ciclo têm uma hora de Inglês no currículo e duas horas de Inglês como uma actividade extracurricular.Alunos do pré-escolas (3 a 5) têm também Inglês, embora seja opcional e tendo a duração demeia hora, uma hora ou dois períodos lectivos. O Edu-LE, o projeto em causa, promove a formação deprofessores em serviço, e desenvolve e avalia a metodologias do portfolio nos 1 º e 2 º Ciclos, articulandometodologias entre os ciclos. Os professors do Edu-LE trabalham em equipa através da tecnologiainformática (ferramentas web 2.0) e de e-portfólios. Além disso, o projecto patrocina vários subprojectos.

A dengue, um problema de saúde pública na sociedade contemporânea, sem notificação há cinco anos em Umuarama - Paraná, aparece como epidemia em janeiro de 2002. Este trabalho é descritivo, qualitativo, um estudo de caso múltiplo, observacional que, a partir da coleta de dados, analisou os diversos fatores sócio-ambientais que podem ter contribuído para o ressurgimento da doença. Essa epidemia provavelmente ocorreu devido à poluição do meio ambiente suburbano, à falta de condições financeiras da população (que interfere na falta de instruções culturais), à dificuldade na implementação de políticas públicas de saneamento básico e água, à falta de melhor qualidade de vida dos moradores dos bairros periféricos e ao desconhecimento da população com relação aos aspectos de educação ambiental que interferem na saúde.