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Whilst loneliness and social isolation amongst older care-givers are becoming increasingly recognised, little is known about how these concepts impact on specific sub-groups of care-givers, such as older males. In the current study, we aimed to gain a better understanding of the experiences of loneliness and social isolation amongst older spousal male care-givers. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 24 participants, caring for a spouse/partner with a long-term chronic condition. After thematic analysis of the data, three themes were identified: dwindling social interactions, loneliness in the spousal relationship, and living with loneliness and social isolation. Study findings suggest that opportunities for social interactions gradually ‘dwindled’ due to a reluctance by older male care-givers to leave their spouse/partner at home alone, to accept offers of help or respite, or to attend social events without their spouse/partner. Consequently, social isolation increased. Feelings of physical and emotional loneliness were evident, and the loss of spousal companionship (such as loss of conversation and shared interests) increased loneliness. Individualised coping strategies were adopted including focusing on moments of positivity, talking to others and using prescribed medication. Findings provide insight into the experience of loneliness and social isolation for many older male spousal care-givers. This may facilitate a better understanding of older male care-givers’ support needs in addressing loneliness and social isolation, and should help to inform the development of targeted support services for this population.

Background: Care givers, who are the front-line health workers during Covid-19 outbreak. Their emotional responses and adaptation of coping strategies are very important for health of themselves as well health services. Logically care givers emotional response and coping strategies measures their emotional well-being which also affects their work productivity. Hence, this study is undertaken to assess the emotional response and coping strategies of care givers in Covid-19 department at Civil hospital, Ahmedabad. Aims and objectives: To assess the emotional response and coping strategies of care givers worked in Covid-19 department at Civil hospital, Ahmedabad. To assess the association between emotional response and demographic variables, coping strategies and demographic variables. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 100 care givers worked in Covid-19 department at Civil hospital, Ahmedabad using Random sampling technique. Data were obtained using structured rating scale and checklist to assess emotional response and coping strategies of care givers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze demographic data, rating scale and checklist. Results and Conclusions: The study reveled that majority of 73% of caregivers had emotionally strong response and 86% of caregivers adopted healthy coping strategies. Study also revealed that there is significant association between selected emotional responses and selected demographic variables. Also significant association between coping strategies and selected demographic variables.

There were 727 million persons aged 65 years or over in the world in 2020. Over the next three decades, the global number of older persons is projected to more than double, reaching over 1.5 billion in 2050 The aim of this study was to assess burden and coping mechanism among care giver for old age with advanced illness. A descriptive design is utilized in this study. A Convenience sample of caregivers was used it composed of 100 of caregivers and their patients who match the criteria: primary caregivers who provide care for the patients for at least one year and accept to participate in the study. Two tools were utilized 1: Interviewing questionnaire composed of 3 parts,Socio-demographic data,medical history of the patients,coping strategies used by the care giver to reduce 2to assess burden of caregivers. The result the current study revealed (43%) of the studied caregivers reported high level of burden and stress, flowed (32%) reported medium level of burden and (25%) reported low level of burden. This study conducted that caregiver factors as Age, gender, educational level, income status, knowledge of the diseases, and coping., patient factors (Age, clinical symptom, and disability in daily life), and environment factors (Health services and its utilization, and social support.) are major factors that affected caregivers' burden. The present study recommended that Provide guideline as well as clinical training to assist caregivers of chronic disease patients at home This helps them deal with the burden of care and manage the stress associated with it.

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Government of Spain (grant number FPU15/03966)., The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a care-giver training programme that trains professional care-givers in cognitive stimulation strategies for functional maintenance in care-dependent older adults. The sample contained 69 older adults (37 in the treatment group, 32 control group) assessed with the Barthel Index, the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Clifton Assessment Procedure for the Elderly (Cognitive Scale). Participants in the treatment group were treated by professional care-givers who were trained with the programme CUIDA-2 in communication and cognitive stimulation strategies. The results from the Barthel Index showed significant differences in the post-intervention assessment and in the follow-up assessment, where the treatment group obtained higher scores, and there were significant differences within the treatment group between the initial assessment and the post-treatment assessment, as well as between the initial assessment and the follow-up. The data obtained reflect that a training programme to train professional care-givers produced functional benefits in the older adults, and these improvements persisted over time. Moreover, the care-givers saw themselves as more competent and more satisfied with their work., Ministry of Education, Government of Spain FPU15/03966

Introduction: Tracheostomy tube care in a pediatric age group is challenging. The systematic approach for tracheostomy care and guidance to the care giver and parents will reduce complications related to tracheostomy. The purpose of this article is to ensure the safety of the infants and children who have tracheostomy tube placed in the neck. Materials and Methods: The acronym (tracheostomy) was created to teach and train the care giver and nursing staff for better post tracheostomy care. All the aspects of tracheostomy care have been included in this as mentioned below Tube change-when to change? Regular cleaning-how to perform? Airway protection-what is required? Complication awareness-how to prevent? Home kit requirement-things to keep ready bedside. Emergency situations-when to call your doctor? Oral hygiene- why it is important? Stoma/skin care-what to look for? Ties care-too tight or too loose? Outer & inner tube cleaning-how to perform? Mucous problems-suctioning tips Your safety-what all you must know. Results: The acronym is easy to remember and easy to follow. Conclusion: A systematic tracheostomy care approach can give better outcomes and reduced complication rate in pediatric age group. It will be benefitted for all the health care professionals, nursing staff and the care givers involved with the children who need tracheostomy care. Keywords: tracheostomy post tracheostomy care.

BackgroundThe developmental fates of offspring have the potential to be influenced by the identity of their care-givers and by the nature of the care that they receive. In animals that exhibit both parental and alloparental care, such as the annually eusocial insects, the influence of care-giver identity can be directly assessed to yield mechanistic and evolutionary insights into the origins and elaboration of brood care. Here, we performed a comparative investigation of maternal and worker brood care in bumble bees, a pollinator group where mothers (queens) rear the first offspring in the nest, and then daughters (workers) assume this role upon their emergence. Specifically, we compared the effects of queen and worker brood care on offspring development and also offspring performance, for a set of traits related to sensory biology, learning, and stress resistance.ResultsWe found that queen-reared workers were smaller-bodied than worker-reared offspring, suggesting that bumble bee queens influence body size determination in their offspring. We also found that queen-reared workers were more resistant to starvation, which might be beneficial for early nesting success. These maternal influences could not be explained by feeding rate, given that we detected a similar offspring feeding frequency in both queens and workers.ConclusionBumble bee queens have a unique influence on the development of the first offspring in the nest, which they rear, relative to worker-reared workers. We propose that bumble bee brood care has been shaped by a suite of evolutionary and ecological factors, which might include a maternal influence on traits that promote survival of incipient colonies.

Traditional medication practice roots widely across region. A number of less complex traditional medicine practices also operated within small and sometimes isolated groups based largely on local experience since the very long time ago. Historical contribution of traditional medicine as one of complementary or alternative therapy is unquestionably recognized amongst the people of the world-wide. The Acehnese manuscripts written by ulamas, aligned from Muslim prior generations within a care giver environment cannot be denied its existence. One of the important subject contents is related to traditional medication applied since the very past time. This paper describes traditional medication written in the Acehnese manuscripts, of which particularly might be useful for handling the virus appeared today. With the use of philological and historical approach, uses text and contextual analysis, the paper highlights some findings, that the three Acehnese manuscripts -- Ar-Rahmah Fi at-Tibb wa Al-Hikmah, a manuscript of Teungku Nurdin, and a manuscript of Teungku Amir -- explain traditional medical treatment preventing the disease outbreak. Historically, the Acehnese used traditional medication therapy by means of consuming herbs beside staying as close as possible to religion and intensifying prayer to God. Due to its practical function as one of effective therapy and the valuable cultural legacy, the Acehnese manuscripts of traditional medication need any professional preservation, conservation, and reproduction for enriching the Nusantara’s civilization.

The purpose of this study group was to see the effect of group therapy in reducing cholesterol in ODGJ care givers. There were 6 participants in the group therapy which was a recommendation from the soul cadres of Srigading village. This therapy is carried out in a form analysis using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, with a psychodynamic-oriented approach. Group participants are drawn based on the same problem, namely the conclusion. In carrying out the obligations of the ODGJ giver, he is also a direct member of the family who also feels and feels uncomfortable while accompanying ODGJ. The results show that seen from statistical data there is a decrease in the level of attention of the giver after being given group therapy support. The results of the qualitative data also showed a decrease which was known through individual interviews after being given group therapy support

Early Childhood Development (ECD) has lifelong impact on learning, education, productivity, socio-emotional functioning, health and disease. A Consensus Statement for promoting ECD is needed to improve patient care and promote research. Indian Academy of Pediatrics convened a National Consultative Meeting on 20 September, 2019 at Surat to discuss the way forward for pediatricians in ECD and form a consensus advisory statement. Experts from Chapters of Infant and Young Child Feeding, Neurodevelopmental Pediatrics, Neonatology, Growth Development and Behavior, Adolescent Health Academy, Parenting for Peace and UNICEF participated. To formulate, endorse and disseminate a consensus advisory statement of working at current levels of resources and to build future framework for ECD from Indian perspective. Interventions for ECD should begin from conception to adolescence, prioritized in first 3 years, inclusive and equitable for all, especially for high risk, vulnerable and marginalized families. Pediatric clinics can play a pivotal role as cost effective delivery points for guidance and interventions. Age appropriate approaches, active care giver’s involvement, advocacy and integration with different sectors, community and policy makers should be done to enable supportive environment. Research should be promoted into finding cost effective novel scalable interventions.

Formal support comprises services provided by health, social care and community-based agencies (CBAs), including charities. Evidence indicates poor uptake of formal support by older male care-givers who often fail to accept help until a crisis point is reached. Given the growing recognition of caregiving as gendered, there is a need for an enhanced understanding of how support providers can assess and address the needs of this caregiving sub-group. The aim of this study was to explore formal care providers’ perspectives of support for older male spousal care-givers through focus group interviews. The study was conducted in a region in the United Kingdom (UK) with four CBAs (participants: n = 33), and five statutory healthcare providers (participants: n = 51). Thematic data analysis resulted in the identification of three themes: Service Priorities, Engaging Men, Assessment of Need. Findings revealed that service flexibility was key to providing support; difficulties in engaging men in support and low take-up of carers’ assessments were potential barriers to support. Social workers should have an in-depth understanding of how caregiving is gendered and how this may influence the support needs of older male spousal care-givers. Enhanced carers’ assessment training, which highlights collaboration in planning and delivery of tailored support, may result in support that enables older male care-givers to sustain their caregiving role.

Trauma care requires distinct skills of the anesthesia care giver that need to be provided in both a timely fashion and highly dynamic setting. This article will review different strategies to teach these complex skills with an emphasis on simulation-based training. In addition to traditional educational formats such as didactic sessions, simulation-based education can provide unique opportunities for teaching technical skills and non-technical skills. Each type of skill can be integrated into immersive high-fidelity simulation to train both the individual and the team in the care of trauma patients. Both original and review studies provide evidence that simulation can improve technical and cognitive skills of the individual anesthesia provider as well as the multidisciplinary team with evidence of improved patient outcomes. Comprehensive trauma education for anesthesia residents and continued education for established anesthesia providers should include simulation-based educational strategies in order to improve technical and non-technical skills. This training can improve patient outcomes.