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(Per)thionitrite (SNO−/SSNO−) intermediates play vital roles in modulating nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) dependent bio‐signalling processes. Whilst the previous preparations of such intermediates involved reactive H2S/HS− or sulfane sulfur (S0) species, the present report reveals that relatively stable thiocarbonyl compounds (such as carbon disulfide (CS2), thiocarbamate, thioacetic acid, and thioacetate) react with nitrite anion to yield SNO−/SSNO−. For instance, the reaction of CS2 and nitrite anion (NO2−) under ambient condition affords CO2 and SNO−/SSNO−. A detailed investigation involving UV/Vis, FTIR, HRMS, and multinuclear NMR studies confirm the formation of SNO−/SSNO−, which are proposed to form through an initial nucleophilic attack by nitrite anion followed by a transnitrosation step. Notably, reactions of CS2 and nitrite in the presence of thiol RSH show the formation of organic polysulfides R‐Sn‐R, thereby illustrating that the thiocarbonyls are capable of influencing the pool of bioavailable sulfane sulfurs. Furthermore, the availability of both NO2− and thiocarbonyl motifs in the biological context hints at their synergistic metal‐free activations leading to the generation of NO gas and various reactive sulfur species via SNO−/SSNO−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Per)thionitrite (SNO−/SSNO−) intermediates play vital roles in modulating nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) dependent bio‐signalling processes. Whilst the previous preparations of such intermediates involved reactive H2S/HS− or sulfane sulfur (S0) species, the present report reveals that relatively stable thiocarbonyl compounds (such as carbon disulfide (CS2), thiocarbamate, thioacetic acid, and thioacetate) react with nitrite anion to yield SNO−/SSNO−. For instance, the reaction of CS2 and nitrite anion (NO2−) under ambient condition affords CO2 and SNO−/SSNO−. A detailed investigation involving UV/Vis, FTIR, HRMS, and multinuclear NMR studies confirm the formation of SNO−/SSNO−, which are proposed to form through an initial nucleophilic attack by nitrite anion followed by a transnitrosation step. Notably, reactions of CS2 and nitrite in the presence of thiol RSH show the formation of organic polysulfides R‐Sn‐R, thereby illustrating that the thiocarbonyls are capable of influencing the pool of bioavailable sulfane sulfurs. Furthermore, the availability of both NO2− and thiocarbonyl motifs in the biological context hints at their synergistic metal‐free activations leading to the generation of NO gas and various reactive sulfur species via SNO−/SSNO−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Per)thionitrite (SNO−/SSNO−) intermediates play vital roles in modulating nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) dependent bio‐signalling processes. Whilst the previous preparations of such intermediates involved reactive H2S/HS− or sulfane sulfur (S0) species, the present report reveals that relatively stable thiocarbonyl compounds (such as carbon disulfide (CS2), thiocarbamate, thioacetic acid, and thioacetate) react with nitrite anion to yield SNO−/SSNO−. For instance, the reaction of CS2 and nitrite anion (NO2−) under ambient condition affords CO2 and SNO−/SSNO−. A detailed investigation involving UV/Vis, FTIR, HRMS, and multinuclear NMR studies confirm the formation of SNO−/SSNO−, which are proposed to form through an initial nucleophilic attack by nitrite anion followed by a transnitrosation step. Notably, reactions of CS2 and nitrite in the presence of thiol RSH show the formation of organic polysulfides R‐Sn‐R, thereby illustrating that the thiocarbonyls are capable of influencing the pool of bioavailable sulfane sulfurs. Furthermore, the availability of both NO2− and thiocarbonyl motifs in the biological context hints at their synergistic metal‐free activations leading to the generation of NO gas and various reactive sulfur species via SNO−/SSNO−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Per)thionitrite (SNO−/SSNO−) intermediates play vital roles in modulating nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) dependent bio‐signalling processes. Whilst the previous preparations of such intermediates involved reactive H2S/HS− or sulfane sulfur (S0) species, the present report reveals that relatively stable thiocarbonyl compounds (such as carbon disulfide (CS2), thiocarbamate, thioacetic acid, and thioacetate) react with nitrite anion to yield SNO−/SSNO−. For instance, the reaction of CS2 and nitrite anion (NO2−) under ambient condition affords CO2 and SNO−/SSNO−. A detailed investigation involving UV/Vis, FTIR, HRMS, and multinuclear NMR studies confirm the formation of SNO−/SSNO−, which are proposed to form through an initial nucleophilic attack by nitrite anion followed by a transnitrosation step. Notably, reactions of CS2 and nitrite in the presence of thiol RSH show the formation of organic polysulfides R‐Sn‐R, thereby illustrating that the thiocarbonyls are capable of influencing the pool of bioavailable sulfane sulfurs. Furthermore, the availability of both NO2− and thiocarbonyl motifs in the biological context hints at their synergistic metal‐free activations leading to the generation of NO gas and various reactive sulfur species via SNO−/SSNO−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient protocol for the synthesis of thiazole‐2‐thiones from nitrobenzene, chalcones and carbon disulfide is described. The construction of one C−S bond and two C−N bonds via [3+2] cycloaddition reaction is achieved using NaOH as the base in one pot. Various functional groups attached to substrates were well tolerated to afford the corresponding products in moderate to good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hantzsch reaction created a new series comprising 1,4-dihydropyridine pyrazoles and oxa diazoles (DHP) by initially synthesizing DHP esters, then its carbohydrates, and subsequent treatment with hydrazine. Pyrazole derivatives (Am1 and Am2) were obtained via the reaction of hydrazines with acetylacetone or ethyl acetoacetate, whereas the oxadiazole derivative (Am3) was prepared via reaction with carbon disulfide in an alkaline medium. The prepared compounds were identified using spectroscopic techniques (FTIR, ¹H and 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry). The anti-breast cancer activity of new compounds was evaluated. This cytotoxicity activity afforded that compound (AS) was the strongest in this group together with an IC50 = 100.24µg mL-1, whereas compound (AT) demonstrated the lowest potency, with an IC50 value of 300 µg mL-1. The Hantzsch reaction was used in the synthesis of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine that has pyrazole and oxadiazole moieties. The activity of in vitro cytotoxicity (MTT cell viability assay) was determined. In vitro MCF7 cells were used in the evaluation of the cytotoxicity activity (MTT cell viability assay) of new compounds. This cytotoxicity activity meant that compound (AS) was the strongest in this group, with an IC50 of 100.24 µg mL-1, while compound (AT) had the least potency, with an IC50 value of 300 µg mL-1. Based on our findings, we can infer that 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives (DHPs) are noteworthy heterocyclic compounds with pharmacological potential.  This cytotoxicity activity meant that compound (AS) was the strongest in this group, with an IC50 of 100.24 µg mL-1, while compound (AT) had the least potency, with an IC50 value of 300 µg mL-1.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A clean, green, and efficient procedure has been developed for the synthesis of organic isothio-cyanates using zinc peroxide as a desulfurizing agent. The reaction between amines and carbon disulfide in the presence of liquid ammonia and zinc peroxide was performed at room temperature under mild conditions. Zinc peroxide proved to be a better desulfurizing agent than the previously reported desulfurizing agents. Linear, cyclic, and aromatic isothiocyanates can be synthesized by this method in high yield. Antimicrobial screening of the synthesized compounds revealed good activity of isothiocyanatobenzene, 1-chloro-2-isothiocyanatobenzene, and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate against C. albicans, E. coli, and B. subtilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, water oxidation or oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in electrocatalysis has attracted huge attention due to its prime role in water splitting, rechargeable metal–air batteries, and fuel cells. Here, we demonstrate a facile and scalable fabrication method of a rod-like structure composed of molybdenum disulfide and carbon (MoS2/C) from parent 2D MoS2. This novel composite, induced via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, exhibits superior oxygen evolution performance (overpotential = 132 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope = 55.6 mV dec−1) in an alkaline medium. Additionally, stability tests of the obtained structures at 10 mA cm−2 during 10 h followed by 20 mA cm−2 during 5 h and 50 mA cm−2 during 2.5 h have been performed and clearly prove that MoS2/C can be successfully used as robust noble-metal-free electrocatalysts. The promoted activity of the rods is ascribed to the abundance of active surface (ECSA) of the catalyst induced due to the curvature effect during the reshaping of the composite from 2D precursor (MoS2) in the CVD process. Moreover, the presence of Fe species contributes to the observed excellent OER performance. FeOOH, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 are known to possess favorable electrocatalytic properties, including high catalytic activity and stability, which facilitate the electrocatalytic reaction. Additionally, Fe-based species like Fe7C3 and FeMo2S5 offer synergistic effects with MoS2, leading to improved catalytic activity and durability due to their unique electronic structure and surface properties. Additionally, turnover frequency (TOF) (58 1/s at the current density of 10 mA cm−2), as a direct indicator of intrinsic activity, indicates the efficiency of this catalyst in OER. Based on ex situ analyzes (XPS, XRD, Raman) of the electrocatalyst the possible reaction mechanism is explored and discussed in great detail showing that MoS2, carbon, and iron oxide are the main active species of the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of n-butylamine with carbon disulfide in the presence of NaOH followed by the reaction with 2-chloroethanol or benzоyl chloride leads to the formation of previously unknown S-organyl-N-butyldithiocarbamates in 83–92% yield. The flotation activity of 2-hydroxyethylbutyldithiocarbamate as an additional collector in the flotation of gold-bearing sulfide ore was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excessive use of glufosinate˗ammonium herbicide and carbofuran insecticide in agriculture leaves residues on agricultural samples and contaminates groundwater and surface water bodies through surface runoff and through leaching. To monitor pollution from the use of these pesticides, two simple, accurate and precise optical methods for their determination have been developed and validated in the commercial formulation and agricultural samples, viz., water, grains and vegetables. The first method is based on the reaction of the amino function of both pesticides with carbon disulfide and Ni(II) acetate in an aqueous acetonitrile medium and the measurement of color developed at 380 and 365 nm for glufosinate˗ammonium and carbofuran, respectively. Beer's law was valid within a concentration range of 0.4–8 and 0.4–9 µg/mL for glufosinate˗ammonium and carbofuran, respectively. The second spectrofluorimetric method is based on the condensation of the primary amino group of glufosinate˗ammonium and carbofuran with acetylacetone and formaldehyde (Hantzsch reaction) in the presence of buffer of pH 5.5 producing a yellow˗colored product. The fluorescence intensity of the reaction products was measured at an emission wavelength of 470 nm after excitation at a wavelength of 380 nm for glufosinate-ammonium and 388 nm for carbofuran. The linearity range found was 0.13–5 and 0.14–6 µg/ mL for glufosinate˗ammonium and carbofuran respectively. All the variables affecting the reactions, such as hydrolysis time, heating time, pH, concentration and volume of reagent were carefully studied and optimized. The high recoveries of glufosinate-ammonium and carbofuran from spiked water, grain and vegetable samples in both methods indicate good accuracy and precision of the methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the effect of various solvents extraction on the chemical property of shale, several lacustrine shale samples from the Chang 7 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, with maturities, from marginally mature (Tmax=439 ∘) to late mature (Tmax=456 ∘), were extracted by using acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), carbon disulfide (CS 2), and benzene, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to examine the functional groups of the samples before and after extraction with different solvents. The results showed that the extraction yield from shale with THF is significantly higher than that of other solvents, which may be related to the properties of the THF, including the aromatic structure, high boiling point, excellent Hansen solubility parameters, and strong polarity. The total organic carbon (TOC)-normalized yield of the mature sample J1 is significantly higher than that of other samples, which may be related to the fact that the J1 sample is at the peak of hydrocarbon generation; thus, a large number of kerogens were cracked into oil and bitumen. The aromaticity of organic matter (OM) increases with the increase in the maturity. The length of the aliphatic chains of the OM first increased with the increase in the maturity before late maturity stage and then decreased in late maturity stage. The extraction of shale samples with solvents hardly changes the length of aliphatic chains. Higher aromaticity is observed in shale residues after THF extractions than for other solvents (i.e., acetone, CS 2 , and benzene). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural imaging of transient excited-state species is a key goal of molecular physics, promising to unveil rich information about the dynamics underpinning photochemical transformations. However, separating the electronic and nuclear contributions to the spectroscopic observables is challenging, and typically requires the application of high-level theory. Here, we employ site-selective ionisation via ultrashort soft X-ray pulses and time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging to interrogate structural dynamics of the ultraviolet photochemistry of carbon disulfide. This prototypical system exhibits the complex motifs of polyatomic photochemistry, including strong non-adiabatic couplings, vibrational mode couplings, and intersystem crossing. Immediately following photoexcitation, we observe Coulomb explosion signatures of highly bent and stretched excited-state geometries involved in the photodissociation. Aided by a model to interpret such changes, we build a comprehensive picture of the photoinduced nuclear dynamics that follows initial bending and stretching motions, as the reaction proceeds towards photodissociation. Coulomb Explosion imaging is a promising technique to study the ultrafast nuclear dynamics which underpin molecular photochemistry. By initiating Coulomb explosion through soft X-ray ionization, the authors are able to image ultrafast nuclear dynamics of a prototypical photoreaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural imaging of transient excited-state species is a key goal of molecular physics, promising to unveil rich information about the dynamics underpinning photochemical transformations. However, separating the electronic and nuclear contributions to the spectroscopic observables is challenging, and typically requires the application of high-level theory. Here, we employ site-selective ionisation via ultrashort soft X-ray pulses and time-resolved Coulomb explosion imaging to interrogate structural dynamics of the ultraviolet photochemistry of carbon disulfide. This prototypical system exhibits the complex motifs of polyatomic photochemistry, including strong non-adiabatic couplings, vibrational mode couplings, and intersystem crossing. Immediately following photoexcitation, we observe Coulomb explosion signatures of highly bent and stretched excited-state geometries involved in the photodissociation. Aided by a model to interpret such changes, we build a comprehensive picture of the photoinduced nuclear dynamics that follows initial bending and stretching motions, as the reaction proceeds towards photodissociation. Coulomb Explosion imaging is a promising technique to study the ultrafast nuclear dynamics which underpin molecular photochemistry. By initiating Coulomb explosion through soft X-ray ionization, the authors are able to image ultrafast nuclear dynamics of a prototypical photoreaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an efficient one-pot, solvent-free synthesis of pyrazolone-1,3-dithiolan and pyrazolone-1,3-dithiole hybrids from the reaction between in situ generated pyrazolones and propargyl bromide in the presence of carbon disulfide is reported. This reaction was carried out in the presence of triethylamine at room temperature, and new pyrazolone-1,3-dithiolan and pyrazolone-1,3-dithiole hybrids were formed in good to high yields. In the 1H NMR spectra of synthesized 1,3-dithiole hybrid molecules, the signal of olefinic hydrogen appeared at about 7.07–7.41 ppm in DMSO-d6. The values of these chemical shifts indicate that both linked pyrazole and dithiole rings in the dithiole-pyarzolone hybrid molecules have aromatic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the mesoporous magnetic heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized by anchoring copper (II) onto the nitrogen-rich poly (melamine) Schiff base networks magnetic nanocomposite. First, MNP (Fe3O4@SiO2) was functionalized with chlorosilane (CPTS). Then, the chlorine of these functionalized magnetic nanoparticles could react with the –NH2 groups of the melamine through a nucleophilic substitution reaction. Simultaneously, the condensation polymerization of melamine and benzene-1, 3, 5-tricarbaldehyde was carried out in the presence of surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles. Later, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface analysis (BET), and energy dispersive analysis were deployed to characterize the catalyst. The results of the AAS measurement showed that the copper ion loading on the mesoporous nitrogen-rich supported catalyst was about 0.82 mmol g−1. The synthesized nanocomposite was used as a catalyst and shows excellent activity in the three-component coupling reaction of amines, carbon disulfide, and boronic acids. In the presence of 70 mg of the catalyst, a wide range of functionalized dithiocarbamates were synthesized leading to excellent yields. Moreover, this MNP@SNWMe@Cu catalyst was easily recovered and reused seven times without significant loss of its activity. The results of this research exhibited that the synthesized catalyst functioned with high catalytic activity in this reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mild, efficient one-pot three-component reaction of primary and secondary amines with carbon disulphide and a,b-unsaturated compounds providing dithiocarbamates has been developed employing in situ generated tetraethylammonium superoxide in aprotic solvent at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study aims to indicate both thiol-disulfide hemostasis and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in patients with Polycythemia Vera (PV). Methods: In this prospective case-control study, 34 PV patients and 31 healthy control participants were included. Thiol levels were measured with a new modified colorimetric method. IMA levels were determined by cobalt binding test. Results: Thiol levels were statistically significant between the groups. (p<0.001). IMA levels were also significanlty higher in PV group than healthy control subjects (p<0.001). We revealed that thiol and IMA levels were significantly higher in patients with PV in respect to the control groups. Conclusion: The obtain results indicate that the oxidative balance is disturbed and changed towards the oxidant direction. The dynamic- thiol disulfide balance has moved to proliferation side in patients with PV, and may provide important contributions to the patient's follow-up and disease pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon disulfide (CS2) negatively impacts male sexual function and sperm quality. We propose an efficient method to convert CS2 into dithiocarbamic acid using electrospray ionization, achieving up to 96.7% conversion. Protonated CS2 intermediates (S＝C＝SH+) contribute to capturing CO2 in amine reactions. Moreover, the reaction efficiently converts CS2 from ethanol solution using microbubble bursting. This study lays the groundwork for accurate CS2 detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been deemed as one of the promising noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but it suffers from the inert basal plane and low electronic conductivity. Regulating the morphology of MoS2 during the synthesis on conductive substrates is a synergistic strategy for enhancing the HER performance. In this work, vertical MoS2 nanosheets were fabricated on carbon cloth (CC) using an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition method. The growth process could be effectively tuned through introducing hydrogen gas during vapor deposition process, resulting in nanosheets with increased edge density. The mechanism for edge-enriching through controlling the growth atmosphere is systematically studied. The as-prepared MoS2 exhibits excellent HER activity due to the combination of optimized microstructures and coupling with CC. Our findings provide new insights to design advanced MoS2-based electrocatalysts for HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(R)‐2‐(4‐(Benzo[d]oxazol‐2‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl)‐4‐((tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl)amino)‐6,7‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine 5‐oxide (1) and (R)‐2‐(4‐(4‐chlorophenoxy)piperidin‐1‐yl)‐4‐((tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl)amino)‐6,7‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine 5‐oxide (2) are two potent and selective inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4). In this manuscript, we report the detailed synthesis of these two compounds labeled with carbon 14 and with stable isotopes. The core (R)‐4‐((tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl)amino)‐6,7‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine 5‐oxide is common in both inhibitors. In the radioactive synthesis, the carbon 14 atom was introduced in the benzoxazole moiety using [14C]carbon disulfide to obtain [14C]‐1 in five steps at a 55% overall yield. [14C]Urea was used to incorporate the carbon 14 atom in two steps in the dihydrothieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine intermediate, which was then transformed in four more steps to [14C]‐2 at a 30% overall yield. Both compounds were isolated with specific activities higher than 54 mCi/mmol, radio‐ and chemical‐purities higher than 99%, and with excellent enantiomeric excess. In the stable isotope synthesis, [2H8]piperazine was used to prepare [2H8]‐1 in three steps in 72% overall yield, while [13C6]phenol was used to prepare [13C6]‐2 in four steps in 18% overall yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The objective of this research was to examine the impact of fasting on thiol-disulfide hemostasis in a population of healthy pregnant women. Material and Methods: The study, conducted during Ramadan in 2021, included a control group of 53 pregnant women who were fasting and 57 pregnant women with similar demographics who were not fasting. The disulfide, native thiol, and total thiol concentrations in centrifuged blood plasma and venous blood plasma were all looked at. The ratios "disulphide/thiol 100," "disulphide/total thiol 100," and "thiol/total thiol 100" were all calculated. Results: There were 32 pregnant women in the second trimester and 21 pregnant women in the third trimester among fasting participants, whereas there were 33 pregnant women in the second trimester and 24 pregnant women in the third trimester among non-fasting participants. Disulfide, disulfide/nativethiol*100, disulfide/totalthiol*100, and native/totalthiol*100 ratios were not significantly different between groups. A statistically significant difference was seen between the groups when comparing the mean values of native thiol and total thiol. Conclusion: Our research is one of the first to examine homeostasis in pregnant women who were fasting, making it a remarkable advance in the field. The study demonstrated a discernible alteration in the thiol-disulfide balance, enhancing the process of oxidation. Fasting during pregnancy is associated with an increase in oxidative stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoadditives can be used to enhance lubricating properties of engine oils. Although many additives have been developed, molybdenum disulfide and carbon nanotubes have attracted significant attention. In this study, we demonstrate that hybrid nanostructures based on these unique materials (MoS2/CNTs) positively affect engine oil lubricating properties. Hybrid nanostructures were produced via wet chemical synthesis in impinging jet reactor. This method is characterized by easy scalability and possible continuous operation, which are crucial in material commercialization. The application of 0.5 wt% suspension exhibited the best results, reducing the friction coefficient at the engine operating temperature by up to 26%. Nanoadditives protected the lubricated parts, causing their wear to be considerably lower than the base oil. The effect of nanoadditives on the quality of exhaust gases was also investigated, which has not yet been researched. The application of the oil with MoS2/CNT reduced the emissions of solid particles in the gasoline engine exhaust gas. The total volume of particles in the exhaust gas was reduced by 91% and 49% under idling and load-running conditions. This research showed that MoS2/CNTs can be successfully used as nanoadditives in engine oils for improving tribological properties, enhancing anti-wear performance, and reducing particle emissions in exhaust gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here we show that a tridentate bis(aryloxide)anilide‐ligated titanium/potassium scaffold promotes functionalization of coordinated N2 with CO2 and CS2 through formation of N−C bonds. Treatment of a naphthalene complex with N2 gave an end‐on bridging dinitrogen complex featuring a [Ti2K2N2] core. The dinitrogen complex underwent insertion of CO2 into each Ti−NN bond to afford an N,N′‐dicarboxylated hydrazido complex. Stepwise nitrogen‐carbon bond formation at coordinated N2 proceeded to afford an unsymmetric hydrazido complex upon sequentially treating the dinitrogen complex with CS2 and CO2. Addition of Me3SiCl to the dicarboxylated hydrazido complex resulted in partial silylation of the carboxylate groups but did not lead to removal of the functionalized N2 unit from the metal centers. However, reduction of the dicarboxylated hydrazido complex with potassium naphthalenide afforded an oxo‐bridged dinuclear complex along with release of free potassium cyanate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel 6-amino-4-thioxo-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitriles, 7-amino-5-thioxo-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles and 4,7-diamino-5-thioxo-pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles were achieved by facile green one-pot and three-component synthesis. The method depended on one-pot three-component reaction of readily available starting materials carbon disulfide, malononitrile and heterocyclic active methylene compounds catalyzed by triethylamine in water as solvent under ultra-sonication technique. The remarkable advantages of this method are the simple procedure; high yields, short rection time and environmentally benign method are the advantages of this protocol. There is no need for any additional chromatographic separation with this procedure. Analytical and spectroscopic methods were used to comprehensively characterize the structures of all newly products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new synthesis of racemic 1,2-diaminoadamantane was accomplished, its resolution into enantiomers through diastereomeric salts with l-tartaric acid was carried out, which gave individual (S)-enantiomer in 26% yield. It was reacted with carbon disulfide to obtain (S)-octahydro-3a,7:5,9-dimethanocycloocta[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thione, for which an enantiomeric excess of 96% was determined by HPLC. The absolute (S)-configuration was inferred from the results of quantum mechanical calculations of optical rotation. A number of N-donor ligands were synthesized based on (S)-1,2-diaminoadamantane. The catalytic activity of their complexes with CuII, MnIII, and NiII was studied on the model Henry, Michael, and epoxidation reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon disulfide (CS2) is one of the sulfur components that are naturally present in petroleum fractions. Its presence causes corrosion issues in the fuel facilities and deactivates the catalysts in the petrochemical processes. It is a hazardous component that negatively impacts the environment and public health due to its toxicity. This study used zinc-carbon (ZC) composite as a CS2 adsorbent from the gasoline fraction model component. The carbon is derived from date stone biomass. The ZC composite was prepared via a homogenous precipitation process by urea hydrolysis. The physicochemical properties of the prepared adsorbent are characterized using different techniques. The results confirm the loading of zinc oxide/hydroxide carbonate and urea-derived species on the carbon surface. The results were compared by the parent samples, raw carbon, and zinc hydroxide prepared by conventional and homogeneous precipitation. The CS2 adsorption process was performed using a batch system at atmospheric pressure. The effects of adsorbent dosage and adsorption temperatures have been examined. The results indicate that ZC has the highest CS2 adsorption capacity (124.3 mg.g−1 at 30 °C) compared to the parent adsorbents and the previously reported data. The kinetics and thermodynamic calculation results indicate the spontaneity and feasibility of the CS2 adsorption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the volatile flavor components in mustard paste (MP), the volatile compounds in seven MPs available on the market were isolated and analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 27 volatile constituents were found by mass spectra and retention index compared to the data obtained from reference compounds or the related literature and databases; these compounds included nine esters, three sulfur-containing compounds, two nitriles, three ketones, three alkenes, and seven other compounds. Of the 27 compounds, 6 compounds came from the turmeric added to MPs. Among the components detected, some compounds derived from AITC were allyl thiocyanate, carbon disulfide, allyl mercaptan, diallyl sulfide, and diallyl disulfide. The results obtained provide a better and comprehensive recognition of the volatile flavor compounds in MPs, and have some reference values for developing and applying isothiocyanate compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur-containing macrocycles have attracted substantial interest because they exhibit unique characteristics due to their polygonal ring-shaped skeleton. In this study, a thianthrene-based cyclic tetramer with the sulfur linker, thiacalix[4]-2,8-thianthrene (TC[4]TT), was successfully prepared from a cyclo-p-phenylenesulfide derivative using acid-induced intramolecular condensation. Single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that TC[4]TT adopts an alternative octagonal form recessed to the inner side. Its internal cavity included small solvents, such as chloroform and carbon disulfide. Due to its polygonal geometry, TC[4]TT laminated in a honeycomb-like pattern with a porous channel. Furthermore, TC[4]TT showed fluorescence and phosphorescence emission in a CH2Cl2 solution at ambient and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Both emission bands were slightly redshifted compared with those of the reference compounds (di(thanthren-2-yl)sulfane (TT2S) and thianthrene (TT)). This work describes a sulfur-containing thiacalixheterocycle-based macrocyclic system with intriguing supramolecular chemistry based on molecular tiling and photophysical properties in solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we successfully prepared isothiocyanates in one‐pot manner from the corresponding amines using carbon tetrabromide as a desulfurizing agent. The in situ formation of dithiocarbamate salts from amines followed by desulfurization using carbon disulfide provided various isothiocyanates in good to excellent yields. Moreover, our method can be extended to prepare unsymmetrical thioureas in one‐pot process. Both methods are applicable to large scale synthesis. The benefits of this reaction include one‐pot synthesis, mild condition, simple operation, and metal‐free process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethyl-naphtho[2,1-b]furon-2-carboxylate 2, hydrazine hydrate in the presence of a catalytic quantity of conc. HCl in ethanol was refluxed at 30 0C to get the naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-carbohydrazide 3. The reaction of aromatic acids with methanol in the presence of an acid catalyst gives esters, these esters on treatment with hydrazine hydrazide produce acid hydrazides 4a-f. These acid hydrazides 4a-f, in reaction with carbon disulphide produces 2-(substituted)phenylhydrazine-potassiumcarbodithioate 5a-f. The reaction of 5a-f with compound 3 in ethanol produces N-[3-phenyl-5-sulphanyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-yl)-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-carboxamide 6a-f. Elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, and mass spectral analyses have been used to characterize the synthesized compounds. They have also been applied to research on antimicrobial studies and have also done the docking investigation of the synthesized compounds with the various biological molecules to get excellent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, 15 novel derivatives of the thiazolactone skeleton were synthesized using the Erlenmeyer-Plöchl reaction procedure. Glycine, alanine and leucine amino acids were used to make dithiocarbamate precursor by reacting amino acids with carbon disulfide and benzyl chloride. Obtained benzyl dithiocarbamate underwent thiazolactone formation in the presence of acetic anhydride and then condensed with arylglyoxals as condensing carbonyl group source. Products were characterized using their spectroscopic IR, ¹H NMR, and 13C NMR data. In continuation, computational chemistry methods were used to get some information about the products such as structural characteristics, charge distribution, ¹H NMR and UV-visible spectra. Results showed that the calculated chemical shifts are in good agreement with experimentally recorded ones. The B3LYP density functional method in conjunction with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set was used for all calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, the effect of temperature on the refractive index of Carbon disulfide liquid based on the influence of temperature on the Sellmeier coefficient has been presented. The effect of temperature on the liquid refractive index of Carbon disulfide in the visible and infrared regions according to the expression of M. Chemnitz was also investigated. From the survey results, it is concluded that as the wavelength increases, the refractive index of Carbon disulfide decreases, but when the temperature is increased then the refractive index of Carbon disulfide decreases faster.

In this study, grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations (GCMC) and molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were used to construct models of activated carbon with hydroxyl-modified hexachlorobenzene basic unit contents of 0%, 12.5%, 25%, 35% and 50%. The mechanism of adsorption of carbon disulfide (CS2) by hydroxyl-modified activated carbon was then studied. It is found that the introduction of hydroxyl functional groups will improve the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for carbon disulfide. As far as the simulation results are concerned, the activated carbon model containing 25% hydroxyl modified activated carbon basic units has the best adsorption performance for carbon disulfide molecules at 318 K and atmospheric pressure. At the same time, the changes in the porosity, accessible surface area of the solvent, ultimate diameter and maximum pore diameter of the activated carbon model also led to great differences in the diffusion coefficient of carbon disulfide molecules in different hydroxyl-modified activated carbons. However, the same adsorption heat and temperature had little effect on the adsorption of carbon disulfide molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the production and loss processes of volatile organic sulfur compounds (VSCs) and their influence factors, VSCs including carbon disulfide (CS2), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and carbonyl sulfide (COS) were surveyed in the seawater and atmosphere of the Bohai and Yellow Seas during spring and summer of 2018. The concentration ranges of COS, DMS, and CS2 in the surface seawater during spring were 0.14-0.42, 0.41-7.74, and 0.01-0.18 nmol L-1, respectively, and 0.32-0.61, 1.31-18.12, and 0.01-0.65 nmol L-1 during summer. COS and CS2 had high concentrations in coastal waters, which may be due to elevated photochemical production rates. High DMS concentrations occurred near the Yellow River, Laizhou Bay, and Yangtze River Estuary coinciding with high nitrate and Chl a concentrations due to river discharge during summer. The depth distributions of COS, DMS, and CS2 were characterized by high concentrations in the surface seawater that decreased with depth. The mixing ratios of COS, DMS, and CS2 in the atmosphere were 255.9-620.2 pptv, 1.3-191.2 pptv, and 5.2-698.8 pptv during spring, and 394.6-850.1 pptv, 10.3-464.3 pptv, and 15.3-672.7 pptv in summer. The mean oceanic/at mospheric concentrations of COS, DMS, and CS2 were 1.8/1.7-, 3.1/4.7-, and 3.7/1.6-fold higher in summer than spring due to the high Chl a concentrations in summer. The mean sea-to-air fluxes of COS, DMS, and CS2 were 1.3-, 2.1-, and 3.0-fold higher in summer than spring. The sea-to-air fluxes of VSCs indicated that these marginal seas are major sources of VSCs in the atmosphere. The results provide help with a better understanding of the control of VSCs distributions in marginal seas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Thio)ureas ((T)Us) and benzothiazoles (BTs) each have demonstrated to have a great variety of biological activities. When these groups come together, the 2-(thio)ureabenzothizoles [(T)UBTs] are formed, improving the physicochemical as well as the biological properties, making these compounds very interesting in medicinal chemistry. Frentizole, bentaluron and methabenzthiazuron are examples of UBTs used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and as wood preservatives and herbicides in winter corn crops, respectively. With this antecedent, we recently reported a bibliographic review about the synthesis of this class of compounds, from the reaction of substituted 2-aminobenzothiazoles (ABTs) with iso(thio)cyanates, (thio)phosgenes, (thio)carbamoyl chlorides, 1,1'-(thio)carbonyldiimidazoles, and carbon disulfide. Herein, we prepared a bibliographic review about those features of design, chemical synthesis, and biological activities relating to (T)UBTs as potential therapeutic agents. This review is about synthetic methodologies generated from 1968 to the present day, highlighting the focus to transform (T)UBTs to compounds containing a range substituents, as illustrated with 37 schemes and 11 figures and concluded with 148 references. In this topic, the scientists dedicated to medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical industry will find useful information for the design and synthesis of this interesting group of compounds with the aim of repurposing these compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multi-resonance plasmonic temperature and refractive index (RI) sensor is developed based on a metal–insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide with two trapezoidal-shaped cavities and an elliptical island inside. Different dielectrics including ethanol, chloroform, carbon disulfide, glycerin, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been utilized for the temperature investigation in the range of − 50 to 70 °C. Results revealed the maximum temperature sensitivity (TS) of 1.058 nm/°C and the maximum temperature figure of merit (FoM) (FoMT) of 0.0141 1/°C which correspond to the carbon disulfide and PDMS in the first resonance (FR), respectively. The RI-sensitivity (RIS) of this sensor at the first and second resonance (SR) is 1328.57 nm per RI unit (RIU) and 735.71 nm/RIU as well as its FoM which is 36 1/RIU and 31.31 1/RIU, respectively. This paper confirms the high capabilities for measuring the temperature and RI in a wide spectral range of wavelengths (600 to 3000 nm), and multi-resonance sensing. This reveals significant potential in optical and photonic circuit applications such as different quantities detection, including hemoglobin and cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A promising imidazole compound was synthesized through the following route. The reaction of 5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole-4-carbohydrazide (1) with carbon disulfide and potassium hydroxide in ethanol (80%) afforded potassium salt (2). Refluxing of (2) with phenacyl bromide (3) in ethanol/water (1:1) gave 2-((5-(5-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio)-1-phenylethan-1-one (4) in a 76% yield. The structure of the title heterocycle (4) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of coking enterprises are challenged by excessive sulfur content in their crude benzene products, which hinders sales and revenue. In this work, microcrystalline adsorbent was used to remove carbon disulfide and thiophene in crude benzene. BET, XRD, XRF and SEM characterization showed that the microcrystalline adsorbent has a large specific surface area, high crystallinity morphology, Si/Al ratio and regeneration stability. By investigating the effects of adsorption time, temperature, adsorbent dosage and regeneration times on the desulfurization performance of microcrystalline adsorbent W1, it was found that the desulfurization effect was mainly affected by time and temperature. When the experimental conditions at 20°C, 7 h, the amount of adsorbent was 4.5 g, the volume of crude benzene was 10 mL, resulting in desulfurization rate of 67% for thiophene, 52% for carbon disulfide, and 62% for total desulfurization, approximately 26% for crude benzene loss rate. The overall desulfurization rate remained stable around 55% after three regenerations, while the rate for rude benzene loss increased to roughly 30%. The results indicate that the microcrystalline adsorbent exhibits significant potential for desulfurization of crude benzene, providing valuable guidance and reference for coking enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In present scenario, innovative carbon disulfide‐involving multicomponent protocols are extremely advantageous for practical and efficient construction of acyclic as well as heterocyclic building blocks. Carbon disulfide is well recognized synthetic component and has achieved the desirability of scientific community for the preparation of a variety of highly functionalized organic scaffolds. Carbon disulfide involving MCRs mostly advantage from other features such as bond‐forming efficiency, resource effectiveness, the use of easily obtainable starting compounds, and atom‐economy, which make these protocols useful environmentally benign alternatives, in care with the greener way in which organic chemistry is going on. In this review article, we have discussed the noteworthy topical advances in the promising region of carbon disulfide‐involving multicomponent reactions. It highlight the prospects and confronts, emphasizing the diverse approaches established previously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of 4-chlorobenzohydrazide 1 with carbon disulphide in the presence of methanolic potassium hydroxide afforded 4-chloro potassium dithiocarbohydrazide 2. The intermediate 2 reacts with a solution of hydrazine hydrate in water gave 4-amino-5(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-[1,2,4]-triazole-3-thiol 3. Condensation of 3 with various substituted phenacyl bromide in alcohol afforded series of 1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine analogs 4a–4l bearing 4-chlorophenyl moiety. The structures of newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy techniques. All synthesized compounds 4a–4l were screened for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan induced paw edema using albino Wistar rats. In addition, molecular docking study was performed for 4a—4l using prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGDS) enzyme receptor binding pocket. Compounds 4l and 4b exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01), whereas compounds 4b, 4f, and 4k unveiled good anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.05) when compared with standard drug indomethacin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon disulfide (CS2) and amines are widely used in three-component reactions; commonly, dithiocarbamic acids are generated. As intermediates, dithiocarbamic acids are able to react with electrophiles, or nucleophiles. The goal of this review is to present an overview of CS2 /amines in organic synthesis in the period 2011–2022. It focuses on reactions with alkenes, alkynes, I2 , arynes, allenes, quinones, vinyl chlorides, aryl halides, arylboronic acids, 2-iodoanilines, 2-aminophenols, hypervalent iodine reagents, epoxide, or maleic anhydride. 1 Introduction 2 Reactions with Electrophiles 3 As Radical Precursor 4 Reactions with Nucleophiles 5 Conclusions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracts and extractive residues were obtained by single-stage extraction with acetone, CS2 and acetone/carbon disulphide solvent (IACDSM) under mild conditions, and they were then characterised by infrared and segmented peak fitting analysis. The results showed that acetone and CS2 solvents could dissolve more aromatic structures containing fatty side chains, while the mixed solvents could extract more phenolic substances. The acetone extracts were mainly asymmetric -CH2 stretching vibrations, while the remaining two extracts were dominated by aliphatic -CH. A comparison of the IR results of the tar residue and the three solvent extracts showed that the main structure of the tar residue was not altered throughout the process, but the aromatic structure was altered more by the extraction. Compared to the original sample, the proportion of tetrasubstituted or trisubstituted benzene rings in the three solvent extracts increased, while the proportion of pentasubstituted benzene rings produced a significant decrease. Comparison of the IR structural parameters showed that the aromatic ring condensation was higher in the as-received CS2 extracts and acetone extracts, with the acetone extracts having longer straight aliphatic chains and fewer branched chains. The analysis of the composition of the extraction results provides a reference basis for the separation and purification technology of coal tar residue, enabling the further development of China's coal chemical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcogenide perovskites have garnered interest for applications in semiconductor devices due to their excellent predicted optoelectronic properties and stability. However, high synthesis temperatures have historically made these materials incompatible with the creation of photovoltaic devices. Here, we demonstrate the solution processed synthesis of luminescent BaZrS3 and BaHfS3 chalcogenide perovskite films using single‐phase molecular precursors at sulfurization temperatures of 575 °C and sulfurization times as short as one hour. These molecular precursor inks were synthesized using known carbon disulfide insertion chemistry to create Group 4 metal dithiocarbamates, and this chemistry was extended to create species, such as barium dithiocarboxylates, that have never been reported before. These findings, with added future research, have the potential to yield fully solution processed thin films of chalcogenide perovskites for various optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A straightforward and convenient synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical thiourea derivatives by the reaction of primary amines and carbon disulfide in the presence of a Zn catalyst is presented. Under modest reaction conditions, a range of biologically relevant thiourea derivatives can be produced in good to outstanding yields without a lengthy work-up. A variety of primary aliphatic and aromatic amines with various substituted functional groups were transformed into thiourea derivatives. Zn-mediated symmetric thiourea creation occurs at room temperature for aliphatic amines, whereas for aromatic amines it occurs at 60°C. However, unsymmetrical thiourea for aliphatic amines occurs at 0°C. Benefits of this method include environment-friendly reaction conditions, sustainability, and enumerating tolerance of functional groups such as hydroxyl and halides. Experimental observations were rationalized by DFT calculations based on transition structures and zwitterionic intermediate stabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]