Search

Structural hippocampal abnormalities are common in many neurological and psychiatric disorders, and variation in hippocampal measures is related to cognitive performance and other complex phenotypes such as stress sensitivity. Hippocampal subregions are increasingly studied, as automated algorithms have become available for mapping and volume quantification. In the context of the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis Consortium, several Disease Working Groups are using the FreeSurfer software to analyze hippocampal subregion (subfield) volumes in patients with neurological and psychiatric conditions along with data from matched controls. In this overview, we explain the algorithm's principles, summarize measurement reliability studies, and demonstrate two additional aspects (subfield autocorrelation and volume/reliability correlation) with illustrative data. We then explain the rationale for a standardized hippocampal subfield segmentation quality control (QC) procedure for improved pipeline harmonization. To guide researchers to make optimal use of the algorithm, we discuss how global size and age effects can be modeled, how QC steps can be incorporated and how subfields may be aggregated into composite volumes. This discussion is based on a synopsis of 162 published neuroimaging studies (01/2013-12/2019) that applied the FreeSurfer hippocampal subfield segmentation in a broad range of domains including cognition and healthy aging, brain development and neurodegeneration, affective disorders, psychosis, stress regulation, neurotoxicity, epilepsy, inflammatory disease, childhood adversity and posttraumatic stress disorder, and candidate and whole genome (epi-)genetics. Finally, we highlight points where FreeSurfer-based hippocampal subfield studies may be optimized.

Objective To investigate the connotation and characteristics of curriculum ideology and politics, and to summarize the practice framework of curriculum ideology and politics in the teaching of Surgery in higher vocational students. Methods Students major in clinical medicine from 4 classes in academic year of 2022 were randomly divided into the study group and control group. The literature research method based on educational network and academic journals was adapted to in the teaching of curriculum ideology and politics in the control group. The action research method was used in the teaching of curriculum ideology and politics in the study group. The teaching efficacy was evaluated and measured between two groups. Results The students satisfaction with teaching was 93. 24%(69/74)in the control group and 98. 80%(82/83)in the study group. The number of questions answered was 1324 in the study group and 983 in the control group. Conclusion The curriculum ideology and politics by using action research method is effective to improve the independent learning of higher vocational students and teaching quality of Surgery. (目的 探索课程思政的内在特点和科学内涵, 总结课程思政在高职外科学教学的实践路径。方法 选择2022级三年制临床医学4个班, 分为为研究组和对照组。对照组班级主要通过教育网络、学术期刊等方式将课程思政元素融入外科学课程教学中; 研究组班级采用行动研究法进行课堂思政教学。评价两组教学效果。结果 对照组班级学生74人, 听课满意度为93. 24%(69/74); 研究组班级学生83人, 听课满意度为98. 80%(82/83)。观察期内研究组班级学生课堂回答问题次数为1324人次, 高于对照组班级学生回答问题次数的983人次。结论 采用行动研究法将课堂思政融入外科学课程教学中, 能够提高学生自主学习积极性, 提高教学质量。)

Objective To investigate the impact of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FGD5-AS1 on the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) through regulation of the microRNA miR-93-5p/bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP2) axis. Methods hBM-MSCs in logarithmic growth phase were taken, and the expression levels of lncRNA FGD5-AS1, miR-93-5p and BMP2 mRNA were detected before and after osteogenic differentiation; The cells were transfected or co-transfected with pcDNA FGD5-AS1, miR-93-5p inhibitor, miR-93-5p mimics and corresponding negative controls, respectively, then divided into pcDNA NC group, pcDNA FGD5-AS1 group, inhibitor NC group, miR-93-5p inhibitor group, pcDNA FGD5-AS1+mimics NC group, or pcDNA FGD5-AS1+miR-93-5p mimics group and non-transfected cells were taken as blank group. CCK-8 assay was applied to detect cell proliferation ability of each group; Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) kit was applied to detect its activity; Alizarin red staining was applied to identify cellular mineralized nodule formation; Western blot was applied to detect the levels of BMP2, osteogenesis-related markers-osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and osterix(OSX); Dual-luciferase experiment was applied to verify the targeting relationship of miR-93-5p with FGD5-AS1 and BMP2, respectively. Results lncRNA FGD5-AS1 and BMP2 were found to be targets of miR-93-5p. After osteogenic differentiation, the expression of FGD5-AS1 and BMP2 was increased and the expression of miR-93-5p was decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with pcDNA NC group, the expression of FGD5-AS1 in pcDNA FGD5-AS1 group was significantly increased(P＜0.05), indicating successful transfection; Mineralized nodules, cell proliferation, ALP activity and the expression of BMP2, OCN, OPN and OSX were obviously higher (P＜0.05) in pcDNA FGD5-AS1 group. Compared with the inhibitor NC group, the expression of miR-93-5p in miR-93-5p inhibitor group was significantly decreased (P＜0.05), indicating successful transfection; Mineralized nodules, cell proliferation, ALP activity and the expression of BMP2, OCN, OPN and OSX were obviously improved (P＜0.05) in miR-93-5p inhibitor group. Over-expression of miR-93-5p inhibited the promoting effect of FGD5-AS1 on the osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs(P＜0.05). Conclusions Up-regulation of FGD-AS1 promotes the osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs, which might be related to the miR-93-5p/BMP2 axis.

The deuterium-tritium fusion reaction is the fastest commercially achievable artificially controlled fusion reaction. However, tritium, as a fuel and neutron radiation-activated material, poses radioactive safety challenges. To simulate the migration of tritium and radioactive dust in the environment under accident conditions, a dispersion simulation program called ACCTRI (ACCidental model for TRItium release) has been developed based on the modified Gaussian multi-puff model, considering dry and wet deposition and tritium re-emission effects. The concentration and dose results calculated using ACCTRI are very close to those calculated using UFOTRI and HotSpot, with a maximum difference of no more than one order of magnitude. A comparison with the experimental results reveals that the results of ACCTRI with tritium buoyancy correction are close to the experimental data. ACCTRI has good accuracy and can be used as a reference for environmental radioactivity safety in fusion reactor site selection and hypothetical accident analysis.