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This study aims at investigating the radioprotective effect of ethanol extract from Ji-Xue-Teng (JXT,Spatholobus suberectus) on radiation-induced hematopoietic alteration and oxidative stress in the liver. Mice were exposed to a single acuteγ-radiation for the whole body at the dose of 6.0 Gy, then subjected to administration of amifostine (45 mg/kg) or JXT (40 g crude drug/kg) once a day for 28 consecutive days, respectively. Bone marrow cells and hemogram including white cells, red cells, platelet counts, and hemoglobin level were examined. The protein expression levels of pJAK2/JAK2, pSTAT5a/STAT5a, pSTAT5b/STAT5b, and Bcl-2 in bone marrow tissue; levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum and liver tissue were determined. At the end of the experiment, the effect of JXT on cell viability and G-CSF and G-CSFR levels in NFS-60 cells were tested by CCK-8 assay, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The results showed that the mice exposed toγ-radiation alone exhibited a typical hematopoietic syndrome. In contrast, at the end of the 28-day experiment, irradiated mice subjected to oral administration of JXT showed an obvious improvement on blood profile with reduced leucopenia, thrombocytopenia (platelet counts), RBC, and hemoglobin levels, as well as bone marrow cells. The expression of pJAK2/JAK2, pSTAT5a/STAT5a, and Bcl-2 in bone marrow tissue was increased after JXT treatment. The elevation of ROS was due to radiation-induced toxicity, but JXT significantly reduced the ROS level in serum and liver tissue, elevated endogenous SOD and GSH-PX levels, and reduced the MDA level in the liver. JXT could also increase cell viability and G-CSFR level in NFS-60 cells, which was similar to exogenous G-CSF. Our findings suggested that oral administration of JXT effectively facilitated the recovery of hematopoietic bone marrow damage and oxidative stress of the mice induced byγ-radiation.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious complication among patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) that is a systemic inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of AKI-associated ALI is poorly understood. G-CSF regulates the production and function of neutrophils that mediate lung injury via elastase and other mediators. Here, we used a mouse model of adenine-induced AKI to determine the roles of G-CSF and neutrophil elastase in AKI-associated ALI. We confirmed that ALI was associated with high serum G-CSF levels, and elevated neutrophil elastase activity in the lungs and serum of mice with adenine-induced AKI. Systemic administration of G-CSF-specific neutralizing antibody normalized granulopoiesis, pulmonary neutrophil infiltration, and neutrophil elastase activity, conferring improved lung architecture in mice with adenine-induced AKI. Further studies revealed that macrophages secreted G-CSF upon urea stimulation. Consequently, G-CSF could be a target for new anti-lung injury strategy in patients with AKI.

Responding to the current urgent need for low carbon and high efficiency manufacturing, the relationships between the processing time, power energy consumption and the carbon emissions with the milling process parameters were researched during dry milling processes. The characteristics of the power energy consumption and carbon emissions were also analyzed. The lowest energy, high efficiency (the minimum processing time) and lowest carbon emission functions were separately constructed. Next, multi-objective optimization model to achieve high efficiency, low energy consumption and low carbon emissions were constructed. The multi-objective optimization model was converted into a single goal with weight coefficients introduced. The procedure to identify the empirical model function coefficients was built by principal component analysis and regression analysis based on experimental data. Considering the processing constraints from machine equipment performance and machining quality, the operational flow chart was given to solve the optimization model using the genetic algorithm. The feasibility of the process parameter optimization method to trade off three responses (low processing time, low energy consumption and low carbon emissions) was validated using a practical example. From the results, large feed rates and large cut width can benefit to three responses if the constrains can be met with. The optimized solution and program of cutting parameters was useful to the optimum performance of the machine tool with the cutter, and benefited to reach sustainable manufacturing. The balance of the efficiency, energy consumption and carbon emissions can be helpful for the enterprises to develop the cutting parameters and to relieve the impact to the environment.

Rationale The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing but its early diagnosis in high risk populations remains challenging using only fasting blood glucose (FBG) or hemoglobin A1c measurements. It is, therefore, important to search for an integrated biomarker for early diagnosis by determining metabolites associated with the progression of the disease. Methods We recruited 149 participants (51 T2DM patients, 50 individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 48 normal glucose tolerance subjects). Their serum samples were analyzed based on a metabolomics approach using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The changes in metabolites were profiled and evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, a biomarker model was established and the potential biomarkers were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis with AUC (area under the curve). Pathway analysis of differential metabolites was performed to reveal the important biological information. Results Thirty-eight differential metabolites were identified as significantly associated with T2DM patients and 23 differential metabolites with IFG individuals, mainly amino acids, carnitines, and phospholipids. By evaluating 17 potential biomarkers, we defined a novel integrated biomarker consisting of 2-acetolactate, 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate, L-arabinose and L-glutamine. The AUCs of the integrated biomarker with IFG and T2DM patients were 0.874 and 0.994, respectively, which showed a superior diagnostic performance. The levels of 2-acetolactate and 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate were strongly positively correlated with FBG, while L-glutamine and L-arabinose were strongly negatively associated with FBG. After pathway analysis, it was suggested that the majority of the influenced metabolic pathways associated with diabetes referred to amino acid metabolism. Conclusions The integrated biomarker could diagnose IFG and T2DM with a superior diagnostic performance. This finding provides support for novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.

Rationale Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) has been used to treat diabetes, pertussis, bacillary dysentery, sore throat, eczema, and aphtha for thousands of years. Alkaloids are the major components in RC, and its curative effect is achieved by oral administration. However, information on its composition in vivo is weak. Methods In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOF-MS) was used to analyze the major active components and their metabolites in rat plasma, urine and feces after oral administration of RC extract. Results A total of 96 compounds including 8 prototype compounds and 88 metabolites were identified, and hydroxylation, reduction, demethylenation, demethylation, dehydrogenation, sulfation, glucuronidation and methylation were the major metabolic pathways. Conclusions This study analyzed metabolic processes of the major active components in RC in vivo, which provided important information for its active composition and in vivo mechanism research. Meanwhile, metabolic profile studies on representative compounds provided valuable reference materials to elucidate the full-scale metabolites of RC.

Active compounds and corresponding targets of the traditional Chinese herb

Methotrexate (MTX) pharmacokinetics has substantial inter-individual variability and toxicity. In children with medulloblastoma treated with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX), the pharmacokinetic properties of methotrexate have not been established. A total of 660 serum samples from 105 pediatric patients with medulloblastoma were included in a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) analysis of methotrexate by using the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling method. The basic one-compartment population pharmacokinetic model was established by NONMEM software and the first-order conditional estimation (FOCE) method, and the final covariate model was obtained by the stepwise regression method. Weight (WT), creatinine clearance (CrCL), and whether the treatment was combined with dexamethasone (DEX) were covariates that had significant effects on the clearance rate (CL) of the model. The pharmacokinetic equation of CL in the final covariate model was as follows: CLi = 9.23× (1 + 0.0005× (θCrCL -105.78)) × (1 + 0.0017× (θWT -16)) × eηcl,i (L/h), IF (θDEX ) CLi = 1.19× CLi (L/h). The estimation accuracy of all pharmacokinetic parameters were acceptable (relative standard error < 14.74%). The goodness-of-fit diagram and bootstrap tests indicated that the final PPK model was stable with acceptable predictive ability. The PPK model may be useful for determining personalized medication levels in pediatric medulloblastoma patients undergoing HD-MTX therapy.

Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) KaiXinSan (KXS) has been used to treat depressed patients for a long time, but its potential underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. Hypothesis KXS could mitigate symptoms of patients with atypical depression at least partly via regulating lipid equilibrium. Methods Patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for mild or moderate depression were assigned into placebo (N = 68) or KXS 3.2 g/day (N = 66) groups in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel clinical trial to investigate the anti-depressive efficacy of KXS and its association with serum lipid profile. Results The HAMD score and SDS score at 8 weeks were significantly improved in KXS-treated patients the N-BACK accuracy rate was also increased after 8 weeks of KXS treatment compared with baseline. These results indicated that KXS not only improved the specific symptoms of depression, but also had a beneficial effect on cognitive function related working memory. More importantly, KXS treatment improved patients’ lipid profile by reducing the ratios of LDL/HDL and ApoB/ApoA1 (p HAMD score was significantly higher in patients with high lipid profile than in those with normal lipid profile, and lipid improvement after 8 weeks of KXS treatment was more obvious in depressed patients with high lipid profile than with normal lipid profile. Conclusion KXS could mitigate symptoms of patients with minor and modest depression at least partly via regulating lipid equilibrium. Its might shed light that KXS may likely contributes to depressed patients with other cardio-metabolic diseases.

Reducing the carbon emissions and enhancing the carbon efficiency in the machining processing is important to improve the environmental friendliness of machining producing. At present, the research on carbon emissions was focused on full life cycle stages and the key processing of carbon emissions. This paper presented the carbon efficiency as the low carbon manufacturing comprehensive evaluation index. The carbon efficiency was defined as the produced carbon emissions per unit volume which was cutted. The quantification calculation method of the carbon emissions was investigated during the key machining processing. A multi-objective optimization model was established based on the genetic algorithms, and the minimum processing time and the optimal carbon efficiency were set as the optimization objectives. An orthogonal experiment case of the key machining processing was performed to verify the feasibility and practicability of the proposed model, and the optimized grinding parameters were verified to reduce the process time and increase the carbon efficiency.

With the growth of number of Chinese patent medicines and clinical use, the rational use of Chinese medicine is becoming more and more serious. Due to the complexity of Chinese medicine theory and the uncertainty of clinical application, the prescription review of Chinese patent medicine always relied on experience in their respective, leading to the uncontrolled of clinical rational use. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and characteristics of the unique clinical therapeutics, based on the practice experience and expertise comments, our paper formed the expert consensus on the prescription review of Chinese traditional patent medicine for promoting the rational use of drugs in Beijing. The objective, methods and key points of prescription review of Chinese patent medicine, were included in this expert consensus, in order to regulate the behavior of prescription and promote rational drug use.

In view of the recent problem of serious water waste at school, this paper proposed a kind of distributed water supply system. This system can control the water resource inside school by network build in the local power line. This paper mainly introduced the system structure, hardware constitution, the software process of upper computer between lower computer of such distributed water supply system, and through the test prototype, it completed the experiment, comparison and analysis.The experiment result shows that such water supply system can improve significantly the water saving rate of school, even to 38 percentages, and has excellent application value.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of two fractions, including petroleum ether soluble fraction (Fraction A, FA) and water-EtOH soluble fraction (Fraction B, FB) prepared from the Danzhi-xiaoyao-san (DZXYS) by using chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive rat model. The results indicated that DZXYS could ameliorate the depression-like behavior in chronic stress model of rats. The inhibition of hyperactivity of HPA axis and the modulation of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters in the hippocampus may be the important mechanisms underlying the action of DZXYS antidepressant-like effect in chronically stressed rats.

This letter addresses the problem of analyzing spatio-temporal patterns for action recognition. In this letter we organize the whole training set in a single tensor, with each mode indicating one factor which influences the result of recognition, e.g., various view points. A novel method is proposed for tensor decomposition by discriminant analysis of multiscale features which represent the motion details on different scales. In addition, the nearest neighbor classifier (NNC) is employed for action classification. Experiments on the self-manufactured action database under ideal conditions showed that the proposed method was better than state-of-the-art methods under various view angles in terms of accuracy. Experiments on the commonly used KTH database also showed that the proposed method had low time complexity and was robust against changing view points.

The theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) deems that kidney essence is the material basis of formation, development and function of the brain and it maintains human being's psychomotility and behavior. Moreover, kidney essence is the material basis of emotional activity. The emotion theory in TCM deems that kidney stores will and responds to fear. The so called will in this theory refers to memory which includes three basic steps such as memorization, storage and recollection. Meanwhile, Western medicine considers stress as a kind of information that forms memory trace in central nervous system. Combining the TCM theory with the modern psychological theory on stress, and from the points of views of the emotion regulation, the formation, consolidation, extraction and extinction of fear memory, and the plasticity of amygdala-hippocampus-prefrontal cortex nervous pathway, as well as the results of pharmacological studies of prescriptions and herbs for invigorating the kidney, the authors explained in this article the pathological mechanisms of kidney deficiency due to attack of fear, and revealed the material basis, the action modes, and the neurobiological mechanisms of the kidney in controlling and regulating emotional activity.

It is well known that the periodic performance of spread spectrum sequence heavily affects the cor-relative and secure characteristics of communication systems. The chaotic binary sequence is paid more and moreattention since it is one kind of applicable spread spectrum sequences. However, there are unavoidable short cyclicproblems for chaotic binary sequences in finite precision. The chaotic binary sequence generating methods arestudied first. Then the short cyclic behavior of the chaotic sequences is analyzed in detail, which are generatedby quantification approaches with finite word-length. At the same time, a chaotic similar function is defined forpresenting the cyclic characteristics of the sequences. Based on these efforts, an improved method with scramblingcontrol for generating chaotic binary sequences is proposed. To quantitatively describe the improvement of periodicperformance of the sequences, an orthogonal estimator is also defined. Some simulating results are provided. Fromthe theoretical deduction and the experimental results, it is concluded that the proposed method can effectivelyincrease the period and raise the complexity of the chaotic sequences to some extent.

CuI-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl iodides and electron-deficient aryl bromides with nitrogen-containing reagents, such as imidazole, benzimidazole, aliphatic primary and secondary amines, aniline, primary and secondary amides, in ionic liquid were developed. The reaction conditions involved the use of [Bmim][BF4] as the solvent, potassium phosphate as the base, and CuI as the catalyst. The CuI and [Bmim][BF4] could be recovered and recycled for five consecutive trials without significant loss of their activity.

The Doppler shift, azimuth and elevation angles estimation is the precondition of target tracking and SISAR imaging in forward scatter radar (FSR). With the utilization of a spacetime processing (STP) algorithm, the Doppler shift and azimuth angle or elevation angle can be jointly estimated. The impacts of the observation interval and multipath interference on parameters estimation accuracy are analyzed. The quasioptimal observation interval is given after considering the contradiction between the frequency resolution and dynamic error. The correctness of these analyses is verified by quantitative simulation results. (5 pages)

Wormhole attack is a severe attack in mobile ad hoc networks, which is particularly challenging to defend against. In this paper, a new method defined as time ruler using distance measurement for detecting wormhole attack is proposed including its hypothetical model, the concept of time ruler and the process of its establishment, storage and calibration. The feasibility of the method on theory, thus respectively deriving two discriminating inequalities with the use of sending time ruler and receiving time ruler are analyzed in detail. The performances of the method are also analyzed and its validity is evaluated with Omnet++ developing tools. Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANETs) are self-organized, multi-hop wireless networks which are independent of fixed infrastructure, with the advantages of easy networking and not being limited with time and space. Unlike the conventional network, MANETs are characterized by numerous constraints such as lack of infrastructure, lack of resources on nodes, dynamic topology, no centralized management and control, and lack of pre-established trust relationships between nodes. Due to these, MANETs are very likely to often be run in untrusted environments and make themselves vulnerable to various security attacks, such as eavesdropping, tamper, replay, and denial-of-service. Wormhole attack is also called Tunnel attack. In MANETs, a malicious node records a packet, at one location in the network, tunnels the packet to another location, and replays it there. If the tunneled distance is longer than the normal wireless transmission range of a single hop, it takes less time or less hops to make the tunneled packet arrive sooner than other packets transmitted over a normal multi- hop route. In this case, it creates the illusion that two remote regions of a MANET are directly connected through nodes that appear to be neighbors. Since it costs less hops to travel through tunnel than by a normal route, for shortest path routing protocol, the malicious node increases its attraction to network flow, and thereby providing advantageous conditions for itself to launch further attack such as tamper or packet-loss.

The traditional Chinese medicine Jiaweisinisan has antidepressant effects, and can inhibit hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland axis hyperactivity in stress-induced depression. In this study, rat hippocampal neural precursor cells were cultured in serum-free medium in vitro and a stress damage model was established with 120 μM corticosterone. Cells were treated with 10% (v/v) Jiaweisinisan drug-containing serum and the corticosterone antagonist RU38486. Results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide assay showed that both Jiaweisinisan drug-containing serum and RU38486 promoted the proliferation of neural precursor cells after corticosterone exposure. Immunofluorescence detection showed that after Jiaweisinisan drug-containing serum and RU38486 treatment, the 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling ratio in hippocampal neural precursor cells significantly increased, and the apoptotic rates of glial cells reduced, and neuron-like cell differentiation from neural precursor cells significantly increased. Our experimental findings indicate that Jiaweisinisan promotes hippocampal neurogenesis after stress damage.

SISAR imaging algorithm is a kind of technology to extract the profile of a target from the forward scattering signal. The imaging accuracy depends on the target coordinate estimation precision, but few published papers about the SISAR imaging accuracy are available. In this paper, the relationship between the imaging error and coordinate estimation errors is analytically derived with the forward scattering signal model; under the assumption of small diffraction angles, the quantitative requirements for coordinate estimation precision are presented; finally, impacts of coordinate estimation errors on SISAR imaging accuracy are verified via simulation results.

To evaluate the perinatal management and outcome of different types of fetal arrhythmia.A retrospective analysis was conducted among the fetuses with arrhythmia identified by M-mode and pulsed Doppler echocardiography in a single institution between October 2003 and December 2010.A total of 130 fetuses were found to have fetal arrhythmia. The most common arrhythmia during pregnancy was extrasystole (n=59), followed by bradycardia (n=23), tachycardia (n=16), atrial flutter (AF, n=3), atrioventricular block (AVB, n=12) and other arrhythmia (n=17). The overall incidence of cardiac anomalies (commonly fetal bradycardia) was 9.2% in these cases. The prognosis of arrhythmia differed significantly between cases of different classifications. The type of fetal arrhythmia (P=0.024), presence of congenital heart defect (CHD, P=0.000) and fetal hydrops (P=0.008) were significant risk factors associated with termination of pregnancy.Fetal arrhythmias without CHD or hydrops under close monitoring often have good clinical outcome, while fetal bradycardia is associated with a high mortality rate. CHD and the presence of fetal hydrops are significant risk factors for pregnancy termination.

To observe the effect of Jiawei Sini Decoction (JWSND) on HPA function of rats with restraint psychological stress and the pathway of thymus immunosuppressive function.The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, control group (C), model group (M), group treated by JWSND ( C1) and ginsenosides ( C2). Hypothalamus CRH, blood plasma ACTH and CORT, the numberofthy moeyte GCR sites and the GCR nuclear translocation rate were detected by radioimmunoassay.Compared with C, in M, Hypothalamus CRH, blood plasma ACTH and CORT increased significantly (P0.01), but all these of C1 and C2 lowered significantly (P0.05, P0.01). Compared with C, the GCR nuclear translocation rate was increased significantly(P0. 01). Compared with M, the GCR nuclear translocation rate lowered significantly ( P0.01). Moreover, no significant difference was found in all indexes between C1 and C.JWSND participates effectively in the adjustment of HPA of the rats with restraint psychological stress, and relieves significantly the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoid on the thymus, the pathway closely relates to the translocation of GCR.

CuI-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl iodides and electron-deficient aryl bromides with nitrogen-containing reagents, such as imidazole, benzimidazole, aliphatic primary and secondary amines, aniline, primary and secondary amides, in ionic liquid were developed. The reaction conditions involved the use of [Bmim][BF4] as the solvent, potassium phosphate as the base, and CuI as the catalyst. The CuI and [Bmim][BF4] could be recovered and recycled for five consecutive trials without significant loss of their activity.

Based on pulsed laser propulsion, a set of system to measure pulse thrust with repeated loading was established. In the experiment, signals of pulse thrust are transformed into electric signals by PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) sensor. Then the electric signals were collected and displayed with data acquisition facility based on PCI controller. With the laser pulse rate of 10 Hz and pulse energy of 80J, the measurement was carried out. Two effective signals of pulse thrust were obtained. Experimental datum show that trend of variation of the first pulse thrust corresponds with that of the second one. The impulse coupling coefficient from the computation and measurements agree well, which indicates that the experimental set is reliable.

Methods and thoughts of the further research on central neurobiological mechanisms of Gan in taking charge of dispersion and regulating emotion are discussed. By applying the holistic approach and homeostasis theory, combined with modern psychological stress theory, the authors put forward their hypothesis of study. They offered that the TCM theory of "Gan takes charge of dispersion and could regulate emotion" is affirmatively to have certain mechanisms of central neurobiology. So, cut-in from the point of psychological stress reaction, adopting the research thoughts of "prescription-syndrome-therapeutic effectiveness--essence of Zang-Fu function", a model of chronic psychological stress reaction (CPSR) for imitating the process of comprehensive pathologic change due to Gan fails to take charge of dispersion and leads to emotional disorder was established. It is considered based on analysis of materials obtained from previous studies, that the central neurobiologic mechanism of so called dispersion, which Gan in charge of, is related to the regulation of hypothalamus-pitutary-adrenal gland axis. Concretely, the function of Gan in TCM may be, in the gross, related with the changes of multiple neurotransmitters and their synthetase produced in the process of CPSR (emotional disorder) regulation, such as neuropeptides, hormones, cyclic necleotide system and Fos protein expression, showing the characteristics of multiple links, multiple levels and multiple targets, with the effects involve several brain regions including various clusters of nuclei in hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala, etc.

A fast 3D reconstruction of space curve based on quadric segment and matching in trinocular vision is proposed in this paper. First by using the perspective invariance of zero curvature and corner points in curves, curves can be segmented into different quadric curves. Then match these segments among three images and reconstruct them respectively. Finally combine all reconstructed segments together to form continuous curves. The experiments illustrated that the reconstruction speed is higher than those which take points or lines as primitives and duality and a uniqueness solution can be ensured.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.