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Existem alguns gargalos que restringem o desenvolvimento da pecuária, como por exemplo, a baixa cobertura de assistência técnica, o que tem gerado problemas sérios de manejo e, consequentemente, produção animal a pasto abaixo do potencial. O que se observa é que como as pastagens são ecossistemas complexos e dinâmicos, as técnicas e as metodologias de avaliações precisam envolver vários aspectos de interação, como entendimento sobre solo, planta, animal e o meio ambiente. Deste modo, para se obter uma crescente evolução das atividades agropecuárias, é importante que sejam tomadas algumas iniciativas. Dentre elas, está a criação de estratégias que favoreçam o aprendizado na área, visto que o entendimento dos processos de interações entre os componentes do sistema tende a impactar positivamente no setor. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia de ensino, auxiliado pelo uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, alinhadas as teorias de aprendizagem, que oportunize a estudantes, técnicos e produtores rurais a construção do conhecimento sobre os princípios básicos de manejo de pastagens. Ademais, espera-se que esta metodologia contribua para o cumprimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável a nível global, destinados a assegurar padrões de produção e de consumo sustentáveis. Interactive teaching learning methodology on pasture management here are some bottlenecks that restrict livestock development, such as low coverage of technical assistance, which has generated serious management problems and, consequently, low pasture livestock production. What is observed is that since pastures are complex and dynamic ecosystems, the techniques and methodologies of evaluations need to involve several aspects of interaction, such as understanding of soil, plant, animal and the environment. Thus, in order to achieve a growing evolution of agricultural activities, it is important that some initiatives are taken. Among them is the creation of strategies that favor learning in the area, since the understanding of the processes of interactions between the components of the system tends to positively impact the sector. In this way, the present work aims to propose a teaching methodology, aided by the use of Information and Communication Technologies, aligned with learning theories, which will allow students, technicians and rural producers to build knowledge about basic management principles of pastures. Based on the survey of requirements made from interviews with specialists in the field of agriculture and the study of the theoretical framework, a methodology was developed for interactive teaching aided by computer, based on Kolb's theory of experiential learning. In addition, it is expected that this methodology contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals at a global level, aimed at ensuring sustainable production and consumption patterns. Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-08T01:02:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 artigo272691542PB.pdf: 614099 bytes, checksum: 9e995903214a7acf8e0030aadb439f31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the CO2 emission potential of an Oxisol under integrated crop-livestock and no-tillage systems in the Brasilian Savanna; and to analyze the impact of soil temperature and soil moisture as factors that regulate the seasonality and the emission of C-CO2 in these systems. Field-scale study was carried out at Fazenda Brejinho, in Pedro Afonso-TO, under Oxisol. The production systems studied were integrated crop-livestock and no-tillage under cropped with soybean and corn. The amount of carbon (C) released from the soil in the form of CO2 (C-CO2) was evaluated using cylindrical chambers installed in the field with a vial containing sodium hydroxide to collect CO2 released from the soil (soil emission) in an interval of 15 hours. Five evaluations were conducted over crops growing season, started in 01/26 through 06/16/2015. Data were tested to analysis of variance and the means were compared with Duncan test at 5%. The emission of C-CO2 differed between treatments in all evaluation periods. On average, the temperature ranged from 26.5 to 27.7 °C, the soil moisture ranged from 12.2 to 15.7% and the C-CO2 emission ranged from 87.4 to 119.9 mg m-2 h-1. Temperature, soil moisture and the production systems contributed to the emission and seasonality of carbon dioxide emissions. The integrated crop-livestock cropped with soybean/corn rotation was the system that had the lowest carbon dioxide emission. Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-30T18:12:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPASA2019jas.pdf: 180289 bytes, checksum: 69ed1c2c5917309dd4dec97de0171a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

One of the most fundamental and least understood elements of evolution is the mapping between genotype and phenotype. Recent work on genotype-phenotype (GP) maps suggests that these maps show properties which may have important evolutionary implications. These properties include a skewed distribution of genotypes over phenotypes, linear scaling between phenotype robustness and the logarithm of phenotype frequency, and a positive correlation between phenotype robustness and evolvability. However, most of these properties have only been studied for self-assembling systems, such as protein complexes or RNA folding. In this thesis, we ask ourselves if these properties are more general. First, we apply tools from algorithmic information theory to a wide class of inputoutput maps, of which GP maps are a subset. We find that these maps show a strong bias towards simple phenotypes, a pattern known as simplicity bias. We also define a matrix map of tunable complexity, with which we can study the conditions under which simplicity bias is present. Next, we investigate multiple models of GP maps for gene regulatory networks (GRNs). These include Boolean threshold networks, where we fix the strength of gene interactions, while varying the network topology, as well as systems of differential equations, where we fix the network topology while varying interaction strengths. For both modelling frameworks, the GRN GP maps exhibit all the structural properties found in the literature, as well as simplicity bias. We also find that the number of genotypes mapping to the wild-type phenotypes for various GRNs is unusually large, and argue that this is evidence that the structure of the GP map plays an important role in determining evolutionary outcomes. Finally, we return to more general input-output maps, and show that in addition to simplicity bias these maps also present randomness deficiency, that is, their output spectrum is less complex than expected. We argue that this additional property combines with simplicity bias in GP maps, and more generally, in input-output maps, and suggest a general trend towards simplicity in nature.

Ormai da diverso tempo i biocompositi sono conosciuti come una alternativa possibile ai compositi tradizionali (es. i rinforzati di vetro o carbonio), specialmente nei casi in cui la salvaguardia ambientale rappresenta un vantaggio tale da giustificare eventuali carenze di questi materiali più ecologici, quali costi talvolta eccessivi e prestazioni non sempre all’altezza. Ma, affinché una intera categoria di materiali ancora poco diffusi possa essere utilizzata in modo massimo per impieghi strutturali, è necessario che se ne prenda una reale coscienza. In questi anni, gli studi sperimentali sui biocompositi sono stati numerosissimi ed hanno permesso di maturare una ragionevole comprensione delle loro proprietà. Lo stesso non può essere detto rispetto all'utilizzo della modellazione numerica quale strumento di progettazione e verifica, dove lacune informative si intrecciano con strumenti di calcolo spesso troppo generalisti (es. nei modelli dei materiali). Questo limite metodologico è tanto più evidente quando, come accade di frequente nella pratica, ci si trova nella necessità di modellare fenomeni di urto a bassa velocità su biocompositi. In risposta a tale situazione, questo articolo si propone come una prima linea guida in grado di fornire validi suggerimenti e consigli, grazie ad una combinazione di informazioni provenienti dai (pochi) studi esterni disponibili e dalle tante prove effettuate per valutare la risposta del simulatore. In particolare, si propone come approccio consigliato quello di utilizzare un codice di calcolo esplicito (es. LS-DYNA), elementi a guscio, specifici modelli di materiale (es. MAT_54) e particolari condizioni nella gestione dei contatti. La calibrazione completa del modello numerico è stata realizzata su un laminato di basalto/vinilestere

Stellite 6 is a widely applied hardfacing alloy with good corrosion and wear resistance. Several different techniques have been used to deposit this alloy, like oxyacetylene, Tungsten Inert Gas welding overlay, CO2 laser cladding and thermal spray methods. This paper evaluates the wear and corrosion resistance of Stellite 6 coatings applied by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spraying and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) hot wire technique. Mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the coatings are assessed and compared. The influence of these properties in the wear results is further discussed.

Indigenous plants have been grown naturally and vigorously in copper contaminated soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation ability of two indigenous plants naturally grown in two vineyard soils copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. However, it was evaluated the macro and micronutrient uptake and the potential of phytoremediation. So, a greenhouse study was carried out with Bidens pilosa and Plantago lanceolata in samples of vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) copper contaminated, and in a copper mining waste. Plant growth, macro and micronutrient up take, tolerance index (TI), translocation factor (TF), metal extraction ratio (MER), bioaccumulation factor (BCF), plant effective number of the shoots (PENs), and plant effective number of the total plant (PENt) were analyzed. Both plants grown in vineyard soils showed high phytomass production and TI. P. lanceolata plants cultivated in the Inceptisol showed the highest copper concentrations in the shoots (142 mg kg–1), roots (964 mg kg–1) and entire plants (1,106 mg kg–1). High levels of copper were phytoaccumulated from the Inceptisol by B. pilosa and P. lanceolata with 3,500 and 2,200 g ha–1 respectively. Both B. pilosa and P. lanceolata plants showed characteristics of high copper hyperaccumulator. Results showed that both species play an important role in the natural copper phytoaccumulation in both vineyard soils contaminated with copper, being important to its phytoremediation. Resumo Plantas nativas crescem naturalmente e vigorosamente em solos contaminados com cobre. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de fitorremediação de duas plantas nativas, naturalmente encontradas em dois solos de vitivinicultura contaminados com cobre, e em rejeito de mineração de cobre. Foram avaliados os teores de macro e micronutrientes nos tecidos das plantas, e o potencial de fitorremediação. Assim, um estudo em casa de vegetação foi realizado com plantas de Bidens pilosa e Plantago lanceolata, com amostras de dois solos de vitivinicultura (Neossolos e Cambissolos) contaminados com cobre, e com rejeito de mineração de cobre. O crescimento das plantas, teores de macro e micronutrientes nos tecidos, índice de tolerância (TI), fator de translocação (TF), taxa de extração do metal (MER), fator de bioacumulação (BCF), número efetivo dos plantas da parte aérea (PENs) e número efetivo de plantas inteiras (PENt) foram analisados. Ambas as espécies cultivadas em solos vitivinicultura mostraram elevada produção de fitomassa e os TI. P. lanceolata cultivadas no Neossolo mostraram as concentrações de cobre mais elevados na parte aérea (142 mg kg–1), nas raízes (964 mg kg–1) e nas plantas inteiras (1.106 mg kg–1). Altos níveis de cobre foram fitoacumulados pelas plantas B. pilosa e P. lanceolata com 3.500 e 2.200 g ha–1, respectivamente, quando cultivadas em Neossolo. Ambas as espécies apresentaram características hiperacumuladoras de cobre. Os resultados mostraram que estas espécies desempenham um papel importante na fitoacumulação de cobre naturalmente em ambos os solos de vitivinicultura contaminados com cobre, sendo importantes para a fitorremediação.

Brachiaria decumbens is a high biomass plant with great potential for phytoremediation of copper-polluted soils. The current study aimed to evaluate B. decumbens plants for phytoextraction and phytostabilization use in two different copper contaminated vineyard soils and a copper mining waste. Also, the macro and micronutrients uptake were evalu- ated after plants growth in copper contaminated soils. B. decumbens was cultivated in two vineyard soils (Inceptisol and Mollisol) and a copper mining waste for 47 days of growth in greenhouse. Then, B. decumbens?s nutrient uptake was evaluated, and it?s potential application in phytoremediation techniques for the phytoextraction and phytostabilization of copper contamination. B. decumbens exhibited high levels of biomass production at contaminated soils and no negative effect on macronutrients uptake was found. Copper contaminated soils affected micronutrients uptake by Brachiaria plants. This Brachiaria specie showed high potential on copper phytoextraction with accumulation of copper concentra- tions in the shoots and roots of 70 and 585 mg·kg?1 of dry mass, respectively, in the vineyard Inceptisol soil, after 47 days of growth. Mollisol soil and copper mining waste also exhibited high copper concentration in the biomass in the entire plant with 371 and 466 mg·kg?1, respectively. Although Brachiaria exhibited low levels of translocation factor for copper, this specie showed high potential for copper phytoextraction on Inceptisol, Mollisol and copper mining waste with 1900, 1156 and 1363 g·ha?1 of copper, respectively. In summary, B. decumbens plants showed high potential for copper phytoextraction and phytostabilization of copper on contaminated vineyard soils and copper mining waste.

"Two magnetotelluric (MT) profiles perpendicular to the trench provide information on the subduction of the Rivera plate under the Jalisco block (JB). The geometry of the subducting slab is inferred by the anomalous conductor on the top of the profile in the central part of the JB. High conductivity zones (

Introducción: Es posible evitar muertes neonatales mediante la lactancia materna desde el primer día de vida, pues la leche materna es el alimento óptimo para el lactante por su contenido nutricional necesario favorecer el crecimiento y desarrollo. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia y factores asociados al diagnóstico de enfermería "Lactancia materna ineficaz" en lactantes menores de 6 meses hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel. Metodología: Estudio de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron 108 binomios (madre e hijo) hospitalizados en una institución de tercer nivel de atención en el año 2009, se aplicó un formato validado para identificar el diagnóstico. Se realizó análisis Rasch a las variables que representan las características definitorias del diagnóstico, con el cual se creó una escala de 0 a 100 y se construyó un modelo de regresión lineal con las variables asociadas a la medida del diagnóstico. Resultados: la prevalencia del diagnóstico fue de 93,5 %, la característica definitoria más fácil de encontrar fue Incapacidad del lactante para agarrarse al pecho materno y la más difícil fue agitación y llanto del lactante dentro de la primera hora después de la lactancia materna. La regresión lineal mostró factores asociados como: género femenino, peso del lactante y necesidad de la madre de ir a orinar. Conclusión: Existe una tendencia desfavorable tanto en la prevalencia como en la duración de la lactancia materna para los lactantes hospitalizados; la promoción de la lactancia materna debe ser un trabajo interdisciplinario; modificar las normas hospitalarias favoreciendo el contacto del binomio y la puesta temprana al pecho materno. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (3): 271-279 Introduction: neonatal deaths can be prevented by breastfeeding from the first day of life, as is the optimal food for infants by their nutritional content required for better growth and development. Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated factors with nursing diagnosis "ineffective breastfeeding" in infants under than 6 months hospitalized in a tertiary institution. Methodology: Cross sectional study. We selected 108 pairs (mother and child) hospitalized in an institution of tertiary care in 2009, we applied a validated format to identify the diagnosis. Rasch analysis was performed for variables that represent the defining characteristics of the diagnosis, which created a scale of 0 to 100 and built a linear regression model the variables associated with the extent of diagnosis. Results: Prevalence of diagnosis was 93,5 %, the defining characteristic was easier to find the infant’s inability to hold on to the breast and the hardest was shaking and crying of the infant within the first hour after breastfeeding. Linear regression was associated factors such as: female gender, weight infant and the mother need to urinate. Conclusion: There is an unfavorable trend in both the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding for infants hospitalized, promotion of breastfeeding should be an interdisciplinary, modify hospital policies favoring the contact of the binomial and the early start to the chest maternal. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (3): 271-279

This paper introduces a new open source, knowledge-based framework for automatic interpretation of remote sensing images, called InterIMAGE. This framework owns a flexible modular architecture, in which image processing operators can be associated to both root and leaf nodes of the semantic network, which constitutes a differential strategy in comparison to other object-based image analysis platforms currently available. The architecture, main features as well as an overview on the interpretation strategy implemented in InterIMAGE is presented. The paper also reports an experiment on the classification of landforms. Different geomorphometric and textural attributes obtained from ASTER/Terra images were combined with fuzzy logic and drove the interpretation semantic network. Object-based statistical agreement indices, estimated from a comparison between the classified scene and a reference map, were used to assess the classification accuracy. The InterIMAGE interpretation strategy yielded a classification result with strong agreement and proved to be effective for the extraction of landforms.

O presente estudo objetivou estudar a variabilidade genética de matrizes de Bertholletia excelsa através da estimação de parâmetros e ganhos genéticos para os caracteres peso/ouriço (g), peso de sementes/ouriço (g) e número de sementes/ouriço no prémelhoramento da espécie. Foram utilizadas 90 matrizes de polinização aberta, sendo 30 matrizes de cada tipo, denominadas localmente de rajada, mirim e rosa, no município de Cotriguaçu, noroeste de Mato Grosso, região amazônica. O experimento foi estabelecido sob delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 90 tratamentos (matrizes) e seis ouriços por matriz, com suas respectivas sementes. As variáveis foram analisadas usando-se a metodologia de modelo linear misto do software SELEGENREML/ BLUP. Os coeficientes de herdabilidades individuais no sentido amplo dos efeitos genotípicos totais (0,21, 0,14 e 0,34) para os caracteres peso/ouriço (g), peso de sementes/ouriço (g) e número de sementes/ouriço, respectivamente, são considerados moderados para os dois primeiros caracteres e alto para o caráter número de sementes/ouriço, sugerindo expressivo controle genético. A seleção das 10 melhores matrizes revelou predominância da procedência do tipo rosa, proporcionando ganhos genéticos expressivos de pelo menos 24,16% para peso/ouriço (g), 27,44% para peso de sementes/ouriço e 16,92% para o caráter número de sementes por ouriço. Os valores expressivos das matrizes do tipo rosa estimulam a utilização desses germoplasmas em programas de melhoramento genético da espécie, na seqüência das avaliações, bem como apontando para a possibilidade de obtenção de híbridos intraespecíficos para caracteres desejáveis.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2014-02-26T17:18:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000207598400041.pdf: 109963 bytes, checksum: e07a2afe331b53d83560a621dd568de0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-26T17:18:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000207598400041.pdf: 109963 bytes, checksum: e07a2afe331b53d83560a621dd568de0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:28:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000207598400041.pdf: 109963 bytes, checksum: e07a2afe331b53d83560a621dd568de0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000207598400041.pdf: 109963 bytes, checksum: e07a2afe331b53d83560a621dd568de0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 The milk is an important food because it contents Conjugated Linoleic Acids (CIA). These fatty acids are synthesized in mammary gland under action of the enzyme Stearoyl CoA-Desaturase (SCD) and have showed some positive effects in human disease prevention and treatments. A variation of CLA in milk fat exists and can be partially explained by the different levels of expression of SCD. The aim was to study part of the encoding regions of SCD's gene using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Genomic DNA was extracted from lactating Murrah females. After this, PCR reactions were made by using primers Z (sic) (sic) D1 that encloses exon I, II and intron I. The fragments amplified are composed by 938 pb. Then, RFLP techniques were applied in the fragments using the restriction enzymes Pst I and Sma I. The enzyme Pst I has generated fragments of 788pb and 150bp and the Sma I has generated fragments of 693pb and 245pb. All the animals showed the same migration standard for both enzymes, characterizing a genetic monomorphism for this region of SCD gene. The analysis determined that there aren't genetic differences between these animals in the studied regions by using Pst I and Sma I enzymes. São Paulo State Univ, FCAV Unesp Jaboticabal, BR-14884900 São Paulo, Brazil São Paulo State Univ, FCAV Unesp Jaboticabal, BR-14884900 São Paulo, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T16:13:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 camargocadeia.pdf: 233785 bytes, checksum: 61451b63674a2d1f981e08c0c0e52de4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-02