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54. Results of monitoring campaign from a cruise ship in the Western Mediterranean

Author

Bove, M. C., Calzolai, G., Cavalli, F., Chiari, M., Cuccia, E., Hjorth, J., Massabò, D., Piazzalunga, A., Prati, P., Schembari, C., Bove, M, Calzolai, G, Cavalli, F, Chiari, M, Cuccia, E, Hjorth, J, Massabò, D, Piazzalunga, A, Prati, P, and Schembari, C

Subjects
marine aerosol, particulate matter
Published
2012

58. Constraining the ship contribution to the aerosol of the Central Mediterranean

Author

Becagli, S., primary, Anello, F., additional, Bommarito, C., additional, Cassola, F., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Di Iorio, T., additional, di Sarra, A., additional, Gómez-Amo, J.-L., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Marconi, M., additional, Meloni, D., additional, Monteleone, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Pace, G., additional, Severi, M., additional, Sferlazzo, D. M., additional, Traversi, R., additional, and Udisti, R., additional

Published
2016
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59. Evaluation and mapping of PM 2.5 atmospheric aerosols in Arasia region using PIXE and gravimetric measurements

Author

Roumie, M., primary, Chiari, M., additional, Srour, A., additional, Sa’adeh, H., additional, Reslan, A., additional, Sultan, M., additional, Ahmad, M., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Nava, S., additional, Zubaidi, Th., additional, Rihawy, M.S., additional, Hussein, T., additional, Arafah, D.-E., additional, Karydas, A.G., additional, Simon, A., additional, and Nsouli, B., additional

Published
2016
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61. Characterization of PM<sub>10</sub> sources in the central Mediterranean

Author

Calzolai, G., primary, Nava, S., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Chiari, M., additional, Giannoni, M., additional, Becagli, S., additional, Traversi, R., additional, Marconi, M., additional, Frosini, D., additional, Severi, M., additional, Udisti, R., additional, di Sarra, A., additional, Pace, G., additional, Meloni, D., additional, Bommarito, C., additional, Monteleone, F., additional, Anello, F., additional, and Sferlazzo, D. M., additional

Published
2015
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62. Activity and preliminary results from the 2011 and 2012 field seasons art Ny Alesund

Author

Udisti, R., Becagli, S., Frosini, D., Ghedini, C., Rugi, F., Severi, M., Traversi, R., Zanini, R., Calzolai, G., Chiari, M., Lucarelli, F., Nava, S., Ardini, F., Grotti, M., Vione, D., Malandrino, M., Bolzacchini, E., Ferrero, L., Perrone, M. G., Sangiorgi, G., Francesconi, S., Giannarelli, S., Cappelletti, David Michele, Moroni, Beatrice, Ceccato, D., Mittner, P., and Sartori, P.

Published
2013

66. Physico-chemical and optical properties of Sahelian and Saharan mineral dust : in situ measurements during the GERBILS campaign

Author

Klaver, A., Formenti, P., Caquineau, Sandrine, Chevaillier, S., Ausset, P., Calzolai, G., Osborne, S., Johnson, B., Harrisone, M., and Dubovik, O.

Subjects
desert aerosols, West Africa, single scattering albedo, sensitivity calculations, mineralogical composition
Abstract

This paper presents new results on the composition, size and shape of mineral dust particles from African sources which were obtained by analysis of bulk filter samples collected in June 2007 onboard the BAe-146 research aircraft of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM). The aircraft was operated over Mauritania, Mali and Niger during the Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget Intercomparisons of Longwave and Shortwave radiation (GERBILS) campaign. Dust sampled during the campaign originated from various sources, including locally in the Sahel as a result of large-scale convective activity. Regardless of origin, clays (illite, kaolinite) dominated the total volume (79-90%); the remainder was composed of quartz, calcium-rich minerals (calcite, dolomite, gypsum) and alkali feldspars. Iron oxides, measured using a selective chemical extraction method, accounted for 1-3% of the total dust mass. The dependence of particle number size and shape distribution on the origin of dust seems minor too, although our results might be slightly misleading due to the fact that those kinds of data have been gathered on flights when dust had comparable origins and residence time. Mineral dust is only weakly absorbing in the mid-visible wavelengths (single scattering albedo omega(0) > 0.95 at 550 nm), and omega(0) measured values can be reproduced by measuring the bulk fractions of the major minerals, i.e. clays, quartz, calcite and iron oxides. At this wavelength, knowledge of the nature of clays and iron oxides, or the state of mixing of the minerals, does not induce significant differences in the results. A more precise description of the nature of clays and iron oxides is necessary at lower wavelengths owing to larger differences in their spectral optical properties. In particular, knowledge of the nature of the dominant clay is important for determining light scattering in the backward hemisphere.

Published
2011

67. Supplementary material to "AIRUSE-LIFE+: a harmonized PM speciation and source apportionment in 5 Southern European cities"

Author

Amato, F., primary, Alastuey, A., additional, Karanasiou, A., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Severi, M., additional, Becagli, S., additional, Gianelle, V. L., additional, Colombi, C., additional, Alves, C., additional, Custódio, D., additional, Nunes, T., additional, Cerqueira, M., additional, Pio, C., additional, Eleftheriadis, K., additional, Diapouli, E., additional, Reche, C., additional, Minguillón, M. C., additional, Manousakas, M., additional, Maggos, T., additional, Vratolis, S., additional, Harrison, R. M., additional, and Querol, X., additional

Published
2015
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68. AIRUSE-LIFE+: a harmonized PM speciation and source apportionment in 5 Southern European cities

Author

Amato, F., primary, Alastuey, A., additional, Karanasiou, A., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Severi, M., additional, Becagli, S., additional, Gianelle, V. L., additional, Colombi, C., additional, Alves, C., additional, Custódio, D., additional, Nunes, T., additional, Cerqueira, M., additional, Pio, C., additional, Eleftheriadis, K., additional, Diapouli, E., additional, Reche, C., additional, Minguillón, M. C., additional, Manousakas, M., additional, Maggos, T., additional, Vratolis, S., additional, Harrison, R. M., additional, and Querol, X., additional

Published
2015
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78. Saharan dust aerosol over the central Mediterranean Sea: PM<sub>10</sub> chemical composition and concentration versus optical columnar measurements

Author

Marconi, M., primary, Sferlazzo, D. M., additional, Becagli, S., additional, Bommarito, C., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Chiari, M., additional, di Sarra, A., additional, Ghedini, C., additional, Gómez-Amo, J. L., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Meloni, D., additional, Monteleone, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Pace, G., additional, Piacentino, S., additional, Rugi, F., additional, Severi, M., additional, Traversi, R., additional, and Udisti, R., additional

Published
2014
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80. Intercomparison of 14C Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosols : Exercise 2009

Author

Szidat, S., Bench, G., Bernardoni, V., Calzolai, G., Czimczik, C. I., Derendorp, L., Dusek, U., Elder, K., Fedi, M. E., Genberg, J., Gustafsson, Örjan, Kirillova, Elena, Kondo, M., McNichol, A. P., Perron, N., Santos, G. M., Stenstrom, K., Swietlicki, E., Uchida, M., Vecchi, R., Wacker, L., Zhang, Y. L., Prévôt, A. S. H., Szidat, S., Bench, G., Bernardoni, V., Calzolai, G., Czimczik, C. I., Derendorp, L., Dusek, U., Elder, K., Fedi, M. E., Genberg, J., Gustafsson, Örjan, Kirillova, Elena, Kondo, M., McNichol, A. P., Perron, N., Santos, G. M., Stenstrom, K., Swietlicki, E., Uchida, M., Vecchi, R., Wacker, L., Zhang, Y. L., and Prévôt, A. S. H.

Abstract

Radiocarbon analysis of the carbonaceous aerosol allows an apportionment of fossil and non-fossil sources of airborne particulate matter (PM). A chemical separation of total carbon (TC) into its subfractions organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) refines this powerful technique, as OC and EC originate from different sources and undergo different processes in the atmosphere. Although C-14 analysis of TC, EC, and OC has recently gained increasing attention, interlaboratory quality assurance measures have largely been missing, especially for the isolation of EC and OC. In this work, we present results from an intercomparison of 9 laboratories for C-14 analysis of carbonaceous aerosol samples on quartz fiber filters. Two ambient PM samples and 1 reference material (RM 8785) were provided with representative filter blanks. All laboratories performed C-14 determinations of TC and a subset of isolated EC and OC for isotopic measurement. In general, C-14 measurements of TC and OC agreed acceptably well between the laboratories, i.e. for TC within 0.015-0.025 (FC)-C-14 for the ambient filters and within 0.041 (FC)-C-14 for RM 8785. Due to inhomogeneous filter loading, RM 8785 demonstrated only limited applicability as a reference material for C-14 analysis of carbonaceous aerosols. C-14 analysis of EC revealed a large deviation between the laboratories of 28-79% as a consequence of different separation techniques. This result indicates a need for further discussion on optimal methods of EC isolation for C-14 analysis and a second stage of this intercomparison., AuthorCount:23

Published
2013
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81. Climate and Environment

Author

Ciciotti, T, Braico, P, Liberatori, E, Mazari Villanova, L, Sparapani, R, Udisti, R, Becagli, S, Frosini, D, Ghedini, C, Rugi, F, Severi, M, Traversi, R, Zanini, R, Calzolai, G, Chiari, M, Lucarelli, F, Nava, S, Ardini, F, Grotti, M, Vione, D, Malandrino, M, Bolzacchini, E, Ferrero, L, Perrone, M, Sangiorgi, G, Francesconi, S, Giannarelli, S, Cappelletti, D, Moroni, B, Ceccato, D, Mittner, P, Sartori, P, BOLZACCHINI, EZIO, FERRERO, LUCA, PERRONE, MARIA GRAZIA, SANGIORGI, GIORGIA MAURA LUISA, Sartori, P., Ciciotti, T, Braico, P, Liberatori, E, Mazari Villanova, L, Sparapani, R, Udisti, R, Becagli, S, Frosini, D, Ghedini, C, Rugi, F, Severi, M, Traversi, R, Zanini, R, Calzolai, G, Chiari, M, Lucarelli, F, Nava, S, Ardini, F, Grotti, M, Vione, D, Malandrino, M, Bolzacchini, E, Ferrero, L, Perrone, M, Sangiorgi, G, Francesconi, S, Giannarelli, S, Cappelletti, D, Moroni, B, Ceccato, D, Mittner, P, Sartori, P, BOLZACCHINI, EZIO, FERRERO, LUCA, PERRONE, MARIA GRAZIA, SANGIORGI, GIORGIA MAURA LUISA, and Sartori, P.

Abstract

The proceedings contain 36 papers. The topics discussed include: real time monitoring of urban particulate matter on a mobile platform; aspects about air pollution prediction on urban environment; water pollution detection; Raman probe of pollutants in water: measurement process; sensor network for environment monitoring: water quality case study; the use of a multiwavelength lidar to detect aerosol layers in the atmosphere; an artificial neural network approach to investigate cavitating flow regime at different temperatures; spectral characterization of solar cells for indoor wireless sensor nodes; microscale dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators: experimental characterization; evaluation of the relation between building materials and indoor radon pollution; and a smart robotic arm for automatic sorting of objects with different tags.

Published
2013

82. Radiocarbon analysis on organic and elemental carbon in aerosol samples and source apportionment at an urban site in Northern Italy

Author

Bernardoni, V, Calzolai, G, Chiari, M, Fedi, M, Lucarelli, F, Nava, S, Piazzalunga, A, Riccobono, F, Taccetti, F, Valli, G, Vecchi, R, Vecchi, R., PIAZZALUNGA, ANDREA, Bernardoni, V, Calzolai, G, Chiari, M, Fedi, M, Lucarelli, F, Nava, S, Piazzalunga, A, Riccobono, F, Taccetti, F, Valli, G, Vecchi, R, Vecchi, R., and PIAZZALUNGA, ANDREA

Abstract

This work aims at gaining information on the effects of different thermal treatments on radiocarbon measurements of organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon fractions in the atmospheric aerosol. Improvements to the traditional approaches for the determination of the fraction of modern carbon of OC and EC-fm(OC) and fm(EC)- are proposed.As for fm(EC) determination, we propose to add a He step at high temperature to the standard oxygen treatment. Our tests demonstrate that the addition of a high temperature He step (final choice: 750°C) to the oxygen treatment is effective in removing the refractory OC.As for fm(OC) determination, we propose to quantify it by measuring either the fraction of modern carbon of TC and EC or the fraction of modern carbon of water soluble (fm(WSOC)) and water insoluble (fm(WINSOC)) organic carbon to limit the influence of possible pyrolysis on the direct determination of fm(OC). Tests on the equivalence of the approaches have shown good agreement between them.Our tests were carried out on samples collected in a heavily polluted area (Milan, Italy) during wintertime. fm(OC), fm(EC), and fm(TC) values obtained in our tests were also used to attempt a preliminary source apportionment in the area using 14C measurements. Wintertime EC resulted to be mainly fossil (84%), whereas OC was dominated by modern contribution (63%).Two approaches were tested for the evaluation of the wood burning contribution to OC and a good agreement was found. Wood burning primary contribution accounted for about 18% of OC in Milan during wintertime.Secondary OC from biomass burning and the contribution from other urban sources were tentatively identified following literature approaches, with the aim of evaluating the biogenic contribution to OC in the area, which was estimated to be about 18%. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2013

85. Results of monitoring campaign from a cruise ship in the Western Mediterranean

Author

Bove, M, Calzolai, G, Cavalli, F, Chiari, M, Cuccia, E, Hjorth, J, Massabò, D, Piazzalunga, A, Prati, P, Schembari, C, Bove, M. C, Schembari, C., PIAZZALUNGA, ANDREA, Bove, M, Calzolai, G, Cavalli, F, Chiari, M, Cuccia, E, Hjorth, J, Massabò, D, Piazzalunga, A, Prati, P, Schembari, C, Bove, M. C, Schembari, C., and PIAZZALUNGA, ANDREA

Published
2012

86. Saharan dust aerosol over the central Mediterranean Sea: optical columnar measurements vs. aerosol load, chemical composition and marker solubility at ground level

Author

Marconi, M., primary, Sferlazzo, D. M., additional, Becagli, S., additional, Bommarito, C., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Chiari, M., additional, di Sarra, A., additional, Ghedini, C., additional, Gómez-Amo, J. L., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Meloni, D., additional, Monteleone, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Pace, G., additional, Piacentino, S., additional, Rugi, F., additional, Severi, M., additional, Traversi, R., additional, and Udisti, R., additional

Published
2013
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88. Corrigendum to “Daily and hourly sourcing of metallic and mineral dust in urban air contaminated by traffic and coal-burning emissions” [Atmos. Environ. 68 (2012), 33–44]

Author

Moreno, T., primary, Karanasiou, A., additional, Amato, F., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Chiari, M., additional, Coz, E., additional, Artíñano, B., additional, Lumbreras, J., additional, Borge, R., additional, Boldo, E., additional, Linares, C., additional, Alastuey, A., additional, Querol, X., additional, and Gibbons, W., additional

Published
2013
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91. Daily and hourly sourcing of metallic and mineral dust in urban air contaminated by traffic and coal-burning emissions

Author

Moreno, T., primary, Karanasiou, A., additional, Amato, F., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Chiari, M., additional, Coz, E., additional, Artíñano, B., additional, Lumbreras, J., additional, Borge, R., additional, Boldo, E., additional, Linares, C., additional, Alastuey, A., additional, Querol, X., additional, and Gibbons, W., additional

Published
2013
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94. Intercomparison of 14C Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosols: Exercise 2009

Author

Szidat, S, primary, Bench, G, additional, Bernardoni, V, additional, Calzolai, G, additional, Czimczik, C I, additional, Derendorp, L, additional, Dusek, U, additional, Elder, K, additional, Fedi, M E, additional, Genberg, J, additional, Gustafsson, Ö, additional, Kirillova, E, additional, Kondo, M, additional, McNichol, A P, additional, Perron, N, additional, Santos, G M, additional, Stenström, K, additional, Swietlicki, E, additional, Uchida, M, additional, Vecchi, R, additional, Wacker, L, additional, Zhang, Y L, additional, and Prévôt, A S H, additional

Published
2013
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95. Constraining the ship contribution to the aerosol of the Central Mediterranean.

Author

Becagli, S., Anello, F., Bommarito, C., Cassola, F., Calzolai, G., Di Iorio, T., di Sarra, A., Gómez-Amo, J.-L., Lucarelli, F., Marconi, M., Meloni, D., Monteleone, F., Nava, S., Pace, G., Severi, M., Sferlazzo, D. M., Traversi, R., and Udisti, R.

Abstract

PM10 aerosol samples were collected during summer 2013 within the framework of the Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) at two sites located North (Capo Granitola, 36.6° N, 12.6° E) and South (Lampedusa Island, 35.5° N, 12.6° E), respectively, of the main Mediterranean shipping route in the Sicily Channel.

The PM10 samples were collected with 12 hour time resolution at both sites. Selected metals, main anions, cations, and elemental and organic carbon were determined.

The evolution of soluble V and Ni concentrations (typical markers of heavy fuel oil combustion) was related to meteorology and ship traffic intensity in the Sicily Channel, using a high resolution regional model for back trajectories calculation. Elevated concentration of V and Ni were associated with transport from the Sicily Channel and coincidences between trajectories and positions of large ships, both at Capo Granitola and Lampedusa; the vertical structure of the planetary boundary layer also appears to play a role, with high V values associated with strong inversions and stable boundary layer. The V concentration was generally lower at Lampedusa than at Capo Granitola, where it reached a peak value of 40 ng/m³.

Concentrations of rare earth elements, La and Ce in particular, were used to identify possible contributions from refineries, whose emissions are also characterized by elevated V and Ni amounts; refinery emissions are expected to display high La/Ce and La/V ratios, due to the use of La in the fluid catalytic converter systems. In general, low La/Ce and La/V ratios were observed in the PM samples, allowing to unambiguously identify the large role of the ship source in the Sicily Channel.

Based on the sampled aerosols, ratios of the main aerosol species arising from ship emission with respect to V were estimated with the aim of deriving a lower limit for the total ship contribution to PM10. The estimated minimum ship emission contributions to PM10 was 1.9 μg/m³ at Lampedusa, and 2.8 μg/m³ at Capo Granitola, corresponding to 11 % and 8.2 % of PM10, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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96. Characterization of PM10 sources in the central Mediterranean.

Author

Calzolai, G., Nava, S., Lucarelli, F., Chiari, M., Giannoni, M., Becagli, S., Traversi, R., Marconi, M., Frosini, D., Severi, M., Udisti, R., di Sarra, A., Pace, G., Meloni, D., Bommarito, C., Monteleone, F., Anello, F., and Sferlazzo, D. M.

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC sciences, MINERAL dusts, ELECTROMAGNETIC waves, VACUUM tubes, IONIZING radiation
Abstract

The Mediterranean Basin atmosphere is influenced by both strong natural and anthropogenic aerosol emissions and is also subject to important climatic forcings. Several programs have addressed the study of the Mediterranean basin; nevertheless important pieces of information are still missing. In this framework, PM10 samples were collected on a daily basis on the island of Lampedusa (35.5° N, 12.6° E; 45ma.s.l.), which is far from continental pollution sources (the nearest coast, in Tunisia, is more than 100 km away). After mass gravimetric measurements, different portions of the samples were analyzed to determine the ionic content by ion chromatography (IC), the soluble metals by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and the total (soluble + insoluble) elemental composition by particle-induced x-ray emission (PIXE). Data from 2007 and 2008 are used in this study. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was applied to the 2-year long data set of PM10 mass concentration and chemical composition to assess the aerosol sources affecting the central Mediterranean basin. Seven sources were resolved: sea salt, mineral dust, biogenic emissions, primary particulate ship emissions, secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and combustion emissions. Source contributions to the total PM10 mass were estimated to be about 40% for sea salt, around 25% for mineral dust, 10% each for secondary nitrate and secondary sulfate, and 5% each for primary particulate ship emissions, biogenic emissions, and combustion emissions. Large variations in absolute and relative contributions are found and appear to depend on the season and on transport episodes. In addition, the secondary sulfate due to ship emissions was estimated and found to contribute by about one-third to the total sulfate mass. Results for the seasalt and mineral dust sources were compared with estimates of the same contributions obtained from independent approaches, leading to an estimate of the water content bound to the sea salt in the marine source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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