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51. Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting for the immunodiagnosis of hydatid diseases in sheep and goats

Author

Luka, S.A., Ajogi, Ikwu, Nock, Ishaya Haruna, Kudi, Caleb Ayuba, and Umoh, Jarlath

Subjects
Animal health -- Research, Echinococcosis -- Risk factors, Echinococcosis -- Diagnosis, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -- Usage, Western immunoblotting -- Usage, Health
Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate antigenic characteristics of hydatid cyst fluid in sheep and goats by Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western blotting for the diagnosis and determination of seroprevalence of hydatidosis in sheep and goats slaughtered in Kano Abattoir, Northern Nigeria. The SDS-PAGE analysis of sheep hydatid cyst fluids indicated that 8 specific-protein bands were detected at molecular weights of 16, 24, 36, 52, 66, 96, 118 and 150kDa while the goat purified HCF showed 4 specific protein bands of 45, 52, 100 and 118kDa. Western blot analysis showed the dorminant components of 12, 45, 50-75 and 100-160kDa in sheep and goats HCF. The most consistent demonstrable protein in Echinococcus granulosus occurred as a complex in the 52-62kDa region. Bands of 66,118 and 150kDa persisted among sera of infected animals. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA were determined as 66% and 86% in sheep and 54% and 73% in goats. Where as corresponding rates for western blotting were determined as 71% and 65% in sheep and 69% and 72% in goats. Out of a total of 268 sera obtained from 130 goats and 136 sheep, 31(23.8%) goats and 50(36.2%) sheep were seropositive, higher prevalences were recorded among older sheep than goats. The study concludes that serology is a useful diagnostic tool for hydatidosis and underscores the need for such standard laboratory facilities in the educational and health sectors for establishing the status of hydatid disease in Nigeria. Keywords: Hydatidosis, ELISA, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, Sheep, Goats, Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion References The work was carried out at the Department of food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Plymouth, Seale-Hayne Campus, United [...]

Published
2008

52. Survey of bovine tuberculosis in Nigerian beef cattle.

Author

Ahmad, Ibrahim, Kudi, Caleb Ayuba, Abdulkadir, Alhaji Idris, Saidu, S. N. A., Chafe, Umar Mohammed, and Abdulmalik, Zainab

Subjects
*TUBERCULOSIS prevention, *BEEF cattle, *MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis, *SLAUGHTERING, *TUBERCULOSIS in cattle
Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that primarily affects cattle, but also other domestic and wild mammals. In Nigeria, abattoir monitoring of gross bTB lesions is the only control method being applied in all animals. This study aims to investigate tubercle bacilli infection in slaughtered cattle found with visible tuberculosis-like lesions. Lesions suggesting bTB were detected in 226 cattle during abattoir monitoring in Zamfara State, Nigeria. Tissue samples collected from the affected carcasses were subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen stain (ZN). Of the 226 carcasses with lesions, 37 (16.4%) were positive by the Ziehl- Neelsen stain (ZN), and MTBC was detected from 34 (91.9%) of the 37 ZN-positive samples. Molecular typing by region of difference (RD) deletion analysis revealed the genotype of Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infection was most significantly associated with age of the animals (OR = 3.49; CI: 1.29-9.47 [p = 0.002]). The findings indicate a serious threat for health as well as for TB control in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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53. Detection of Mammary Tuberculosis in Slaughtered Cattle and Consequent Risk of Zoonosis to Human in Nigeria.

Author

Ahmad, Ibrahim, Kudi, Caleb Ayuba, and Dalhatu, Nabila

Subjects
*CATTLE diseases, *TUBERCULOSIS diagnosis, *ZOONOSES, *FOOD preferences, *RAW milk, *DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Tuberculosis lesions are often more confined to thoracic region and associated lymph nodes than other body parts, as mostly documented in the surveillance studies of cattle tuberculosis in Nigeria. We report a detection of combined pulmonary and a rare extra-pulmonary (mammary) tuberculosis in two zebu cows slaughtered for human consumption. Tubercle bacilli may be disseminated to different anatomic locations in diseased animals, zoonotic transmission of these infective bacilli is predominantly acquired by consumption of unpasteurized milk and its products and poorly processed meat from diseased animals. The risks of intra-and-inter species exposure to tuberculosis as it relates to predominant livestock husbandry, eating habits and food preference in Nigeria were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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54. Current Status of Bovine Tuberculosis in Otukpo, Nigeria

Author

Jasini Athanda Musa, Moshood Abiola Raji, Simeon Cadmus, Hezekiah Kehinde Adeshokan, Francis Enenche Ejeh, Mohammed Bello, and Caleb Ayuba Kudi

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, business.industry, Public health, Significant difference, medicine.disease, Retrospective data, fluids and secretions, Bovine tuberculosis, medicine, Christian ministry, business, Body condition
Abstract

We conducted a study to determine both the retrospective and current prevalences of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) among cattle slaughtered in Otukpo abattoir, Benue State. Retrospective data of BTB cases detected between the year 2010 and 2012 were collected and collated from the abattoir records of the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Furthermore, gross lesions suggestive of BTB collected during routine meat inspection from slaughtered cattle at the Otukpo abattoir over a period of four months were processed using Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy (ZNM). Data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 17.0 for windows. The results showed a BTB prevalence of 2.9% retrospectively with no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence and seasons of the year. Furthermore, out of 248 pathological lesions suggestive of BTB collected, a prevalence of 6.5% was recorded by the Ziehl-Neelsen microscopy (ZNM). In addition, the cows (4.8%) were more affected than bulls (1.6%).There was also a significant association between BTB prevalence and body condition scores (p < 0.05) of the cattle screened. Our findings show that BTB is endemic in cattle slaughtered in Otukpo abattoir, and portends potential for zoonotic transmission especially abattoir workers and consumers. There is the need to strengthen routine meat inspection of slaughtered animals in the study area and in Nigeria as a whole in order to safeguard the health of meat consumers. Stepping up Public Health awareness on zoonotic tuberculosis among abattoir workers is also advocated.

Published
2014
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55. Assessing The Impacts Of The State Of Emergency In North Eastern Nigeria: An Evaluation.

Author

Caleb, Ayuba and Hapsatu Mohammed, Hamidu

Subjects
STATE of siege, NIGERIAN politics & government, TWENTY-first century
Abstract

The North is bleeding profusely. The section that is bleeding the most is the North-East geopolitical zone of the Nigerian federation. This zone is transiting through the scorching and ferocious blitzkrieg of the Boko Haram rebellion. This condition has gravely subjected the populations, especially its most vulnerable subdivision (the aged, women and children) to misery and a traumatizing experience of despair. The insurgency characterizing the activities of the Boko Haram since the year 2009, has motivated the declaration of a state of emergency in the most affected states-Borno, Yobe and Adamawa with the hope that this security policy thrust will arrest the extremism and bloodshed. The paper therefore examines the contending issues that constitute and give meaning to the uprising against the Nigerian state. In addition, the paper attempts establishing the extent to which the policy has improved the condition of human security or otherwise and how this has equally impacted on the livelihood of the average peasant since the beginning of the insurrection. The methodology adapted in the discourse leans heavily towards the qualitative approach and field research in the affected states. The paper recommends that if the stated goals for the declaration of emergency rule is to be achieved, it is necessary to apply the principles of SOE all the way. That is, the national government must be bold to suspend the constitution and replace it with martial law in the affected states. It is also suggested that pursuant to the above, the three states must be cordoned off and a house to house and community to community search conducted with a view to smoking out these fundamentalist elements and locating their deadly weapons directed against the Nigerian state and its vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

56. Correction to: Occurrence and distribution of bovine TB pathology by age, sex, and breed of cattle slaughtered in Gusau Abattoir, Zamfara State Nigeria.

Author

Ahmad, Ibrahim, Kudi, Caleb Ayuba, Abdulkadir, Alhaji Idris, and Saidu, S. N. A.

Abstract

Unfortunately the Abstract was missing in the original version of this article. The Abstract is published below. Abstract. This study was aimed to record gross lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis amongst cattle slaughtered in Gusau abattoir Zamfara State, Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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