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51. Enhancing reciprocal partner support to prevent perinatal depression and anxiety: a Delphi consensus study

Author

Pilkington, P, Milne, L, Cairns, K, Whelan, T, Pilkington, P, Milne, L, Cairns, K, and Whelan, T

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews have established that partner support protects against perinatal mood problems. It is therefore a key target for interventions designed to prevent maternal and paternal depression and anxiety. Nonetheless, the extant literature is yet to be translated into specific actions that parents can implement. Prevention efforts aiming to facilitate reciprocal partner support within the couple dyad need to provide specific guidance on how partners can support one another to reduce their vulnerability to perinatal depression and anxiety. METHOD: Two panels of experts in perinatal mental health (21 consumer advocates and 39 professionals) participated in a Delphi consensus study to establish how partners can support one another to reduce their risk of developing depression and anxiety during pregnancy and the postpartum period. RESULTS: A total of 214 recommendations on how partners can support each other were endorsed by at least 80 % of both panels as important or essential in reducing the risk of perinatal depression and anxiety. The recommendations were grouped under the following categories: becoming a parent, supporting each other through pregnancy and childbirth, communication, conflict, division of labor, practical support, emotional support, emotional closeness, sexual satisfaction, using alcohol and drugs, encouraging self-care, developing acceptance, and help-seeking. CONCLUSION: This study established consensus between consumers and professionals in order to produce a set of guidelines on how partners can support each other to prevent depression and anxiety during pregnancy and following childbirth. It is hoped that these guidelines will inform the development of perinatal depression and anxiety prevention efforts.

Published
2016

55. Improving Parameter Estimation For A Decision-Analytic Markov Model To Evaluate The Use Of Novel Biomarker Led Strategies For Prevetion Of Cardiovascular Disease

Author

Lamrock, F., primary, Cairns, K., additional, Kee, F., additional, Conrads-Frank, A., additional, Schnell-Inderst, P., additional, Salomaa, V., additional, Blankenberg, S., additional, Zeller, T., additional, Saarela, O., additional, Kuulasmaa, K., additional, KÜhne, F., additional, and Siebert, U., additional

Published
2015
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56. Measles outbreak in South Africa, 2003 - 2005

Author

McMorrow, Meredith L, Gebremedhin, Goitom, van den Heever, Johann, Kezaala, Robert, Harris, Bernice N, Nandy, Robin, Strebel, Peter, Jack, Abdoulie, and Cairns, K Lisa

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Measles was virtually eliminated in South Africa following control activities in 1996/7. However, from July 2003 to November 2005, 1 676 laboratory-confirmed measles cases were reported in South Africa. We investigated the outbreak's cause and the role of HIV. DESIGN: We traced laboratory-confirmed case-patients residing in the Johannesburg metropolitan (JBM) and O R Tambo districts. We interviewed laboratory- or epidemiologically confirmed case-patients or their caregivers to determine vaccination status and, in JBM, HIV status. We calculated vaccine effectiveness using the screening method. SETTING: Household survey in JBM and O R Tambo districts. OUTCOME MEASURES: Vaccine effectiveness, case-fatality rate, and hospitalisations. RESULTS: In JBM, 109 case-patients were investigated. Of the 57 case-patients eligible for immunisation, 27 (47.4%) were vaccinated. Fourteen (12.8%) case-patients were HIV infected, 46 (42.2%) were HIV uninfected, and 49 (45.0%) had unknown HIV status. Among children aged 12 - 59 months, vaccine effectiveness was 85% (95% confidence interval (CI): 63, 94) for all children, 63% for HIV infected, 75% for HIV uninfected, and 96% for children with unknown HIV status. (Confidence intervals were not calculated for sub-groups owing to small sample size.) In O R Tambo district, 157 case-patients were investigated. Among the 138 case-patients eligible for immunisation, 41 (29.7%) were vaccinated. Vaccine effectiveness was 89% (95% CI 77, 95). CONCLUSIONS: The outbreak's primary cause was failure to vaccinate enough of the population to prevent endemic measles transmission. Although vaccine effectiveness might have been lower in HIV-infected than in uninfected children, population vaccine effectiveness remained high.

Published
2009

64. Use and abuse of rapid monitoring to assess coverage during mass vaccination campaigns

Author

Luman, Elizabeth T., Cairns, K. Lisa, Perry, Robert, Dietz, Vance, and Gittelman, David

Subjects
Company business management, Vaccination -- Management, Vaccination -- Standards, Missions, Medical -- Management, Public health administration -- Methods
Abstract

In recent years, vaccination campaigns targeting a wide age-range of children have been part of global strategies to eradicate polio (1) and reduce measles mortality. (2) Achieving uniformly high coverage [...]

Published
2007

67. Poster Abstracts

Author

Clark, L. E., primary, Prescott, G., additional, Fluck, N., additional, Simpson, W., additional, Smith, W. Cairns. S., additional, Macleod, A. M., additional, Ali, T. Z., additional, MacLeod, A. M., additional, Townend, J., additional, Smith, W. C., additional, Khan, I. H., additional, Minter, J., additional, Halliday, K., additional, Gawthorp, J., additional, Mackenzie, P., additional, Carmichael, D., additional, Houston, K., additional, Houston, B., additional, Preiss, D., additional, Godber, I., additional, Lamb, E., additional, Dalton, N., additional, Gunn, I., additional, Porter, L. F., additional, MacWalter, R. S., additional, Quinn, M., additional, Rainey, A., additional, Cairns, K. J., additional, Marshall, A. H., additional, Kee, F., additional, Savage, G., additional, Fogarty, D. G., additional, Conway, B., additional, Ramsay, G., additional, Webster, A., additional, Neary, J., additional, Whitworth, C., additional, Harty, J., additional, Saweirs, W. W. M., additional, Gibson, P. H., additional, Giles, P., additional, Hartland, A., additional, Rylance, P., additional, Nicholas, J., additional, Ashby, H., additional, Askey, A., additional, Crothers, D., additional, Patel, B., additional, Main, J., additional, Roy, D., additional, Dasgupta, I., additional, Rayner, H., additional, Richards, N. T., additional, Eames, M., additional, Lewis, R., additional, Mansell, M., additional, Thomas, S., additional, O'Donoghue, D., additional, and Harris, K., additional

Published
2007
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72. Etiologies of Rash and Fever Illnesses in Campinas, Brazil.

Author

de Moraes, José Cássio, Toscano, Cristiana M., de Barros, Eliana N. C., Kemp, Brigina, Lievano, Fabio, Jacobson, Steven, Afonso, Ana Maria S., Strebel, Peter M., and Cairns, K. Lisa

Subjects
DIAGNOSIS of fever, ETIOLOGY of diseases, VIRUS disease transmission, PUBLIC health surveillance, CLINICAL trials, BLOOD testing
Abstract

Background. Few population-based studies of infectious etiologies of fever-rash illnesses have been conducted. This study reports on enhanced febrile-rash illness surveillance in Campinas, Brazil, a setting of low measles and rubella virus transmission. Methods. Cases of febrile-rash illnesses in individuals aged <40 years that occurred during the period 1 May 2003-30 May 2004 were reported. Blood samples were collected for laboratory diagnostic confirmation, which included testing for adenovirus, dengue virus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), enterovirus, human herpes virus 6 (HHV6), measles virus, parvovirus-B19, Rickettsia rickettsii, rubella virus, and group A streptococci (GAS) infections. Notification rates were compared with the prestudy period. Results. A total of 1248 cases were notified, of which 519 (42%) had laboratory diagnosis. Of these, HHV-6 (312 cases), EBV (66 cases), parvovirus (30 cases), rubella virus (30 cases), and GAS (30 cases) were the most frequent causes of infection. Only 10 rubella cases met the rubella clinical case definition currently in use. Notification rates were higher during the study than in the prestudy period (181 vs 52.3 cases per 100,000 population aged <40 years). Conclusions. Stimulating a passive surveillance system enhanced its sensitivity and resulted in additional rubella cases detected. In settings with rubella elimination goals, rubella testing may be considered for all cases of febrile-rash illness, regardless of suspected clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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73. Progress Toward Measles Elimination in the People's Republic of China, 2000-2009.

Author

Chao Ma, Zhijie An, Lixin Hao, Cairns, K. Lisa, Yan Zhang, Jing Ma, Lei Cao, Ning Wen, Wenbo Xu, Xiaofeng Liang, Weizhong Yang, and Huiming Luo

Subjects
MEASLES vaccines, VACCINATION, DISEASE progression, STRATEGIC planning, HEALTH policy, MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, PUBLIC health surveillance
Abstract

In 2006, China set a goal of measles elimination by 2012. To describe progress toward this goal, we reviewed relevant policies and strategies and analyzed national data for 2000-2009. In response to implementation of these strategies, including increased routine measles vaccination coverage and province-specific supplementary immunization activities (SIAs), reported measles incidence decreased to a historically low level of 39.5 cases per million in 2009. A synchronized nationwide SIA was scheduled in 2010 to further decrease susceptibility to measles. However, reaching and maintaining measles elimination will require strong political commitment and efforts for strengthening surveillance, increasing 2-dose vaccine coverage to >95%, stricter enforcement of the requirement to check immunization status at school entry, and careful attention to measles susceptibility in those aged ≥15 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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74. Progress in Measles Control -- Zambia, 1999--2004.

Author

Chirwa, B., Mukonka, V., Katepa, M., Kalesha, P., Nshimirimana, D., Onyeze, A., Anyangwe, S., Maganu, E., Groves, R., Kezaala, R., and Cairns, K. L.

Subjects
MEASLES, VIRUS diseases, IMMUNIZATION, VACCINATION
Abstract

Presents research which assessed the progress in measles control in Zambia from 1999 to 2004. Estimate of measles cases in the country annually during 1991 to 1999; Overview of the routine vaccination program in the region; Outcome of the supplemental immunization activities in the nation.

Published
2005

75. PoWER Program: people with disabilities educating residents.

Author

Siebens H, Cairns K, Schalick WO III, Fondulis D, Corcoran P, and Bartels E

Abstract

An educational program was developed incorporating people with disabilities (PWDs) as 'consumer-trainers' who educate physical medicine and rehabilitation residents about challenges in everyday living and their solutions to these. During the residency postgraduate years 2 and 4, pairs of residents visited trainers in their homes and at their jobs to learn about their lifestyles and adaptations. Residents' described the experience as 'excellent, outstanding, invaluable' in more than half of the evaluations. PWDs can educate physical medicine and rehabilitation residents about living with disabilities. This new residency educational strategy encourages residents to value the perspective of PWDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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76. An Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection from Unpasteurized Commercial Apple Juice

Author

Cody, Sarah H., Glynn, M. Kathleen, Farrar, Jeff A., Cairns, K. Lisa, Griffin, Patricia M., Kobayashi, John, Fyfe, Murray, Hoffman, Richard, King, Arlene S., Lewis, Jay H., Swaminathan, Balasubr, Bryant, Raymond G., and Vugia, Duc J.

Subjects
Apple juice -- Health aspects, Escherichia coli infections -- Causes of, Health
Abstract

Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections have traditionally been associated with animal products, but outbreaks associated with produce have been reported with increasing frequency. In fall 1996, a small cluster of E. coli O157:H7 infections was epidemiologically linked to a particular brand (brand A) of unpasteurized apple juice. Objective: To define the extent of the outbreak, confirm the source, and determine how the apple juice became contaminated. Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study and traceback investigation. Setting: Western United States and British Columbia, Canada. Patients: Patients with E. coli O157:H7 infection who were exposed to brand A apple juice. Measurements: Clinical outcome and juice exposure histories of case-patients, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of case and juice isolates, and juice production practices. Results: Seventy persons with E. coli O157:H7 infection and exposure to brand A unpasteurized apple juice were identified. Of these persons, 25 (36%) were hospitalized, 14 (20%) developed the hemolytic uremic syndrome, and 1 (1%) died. Recalled apple juice that was produced on 7 October 1996 grew E. coli O157:H7 with a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern indistinguishable from that of case isolates. Apple juice produced on 7 October 1996 accounted for almost all of the cases, and the source of contamination was suspected to be incoming apples. Three lots of apples could explain contamination of the juice: Two lots originated from an orchard frequented by deer that were subsequently shown to carry E. coli O157: H7, and one lot contained decayed apples that had been waxed. Conclusions: Standard procedures at a state-of-the-art plant that produced unpasteurized juices were inadequate to eliminate contamination with E. coli O157:H7. This outbreak demonstrated that unpasteurized juices must be considered a potentially hazardous food and led to widespread changes in the fresh juice industry., Current techniques for producing unpasteurized apple juice may be inadequate to prevent transmission of pathogenic bacteria. Seventy people developed Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection after drinking a particular brand of juice. Twenty-five patients required hospitalization, 20% developed hemolytic uremic syndrome, and one patient died. All cases were traced to apple juice produced on Oct 7, 1996. Apples contaminated with deer feces or from a lot with decaying fruit accounted for transmission of the infectious bacteria. Unpasteurized juice should be regarded as potentially dangerous to health.

Published
1999

77. An assessment of the use and impact of ancillary prenatal care services to Medicaid women in managed care.

Author

Alexander GR, Hulsey TC, Foley K, Keller E, and Cairns K

Abstract

Objectives. Managed care plans under Medicaid are becoming a usual source of care for low-income pregnant women. This study describes an ancillary prenatal care service intervention developed by one managed care organization (MCO) for Medicaid-enrolled women, assesses the extent to which the intervention services were used, and appraises the influence of the intervention on prenatal care participation. Method: There were 226 intervention and 258 control women with a single live birth delivered between 28 and 44 weeks gestation who (1) were enrolled in the MCO's Medicaid program, (2) were high-risk based on a prenatal risk assessment, and (3) started prenatal care prior to 26 weeks gestation. Less than adequate and intensive prenatal care utilization were chosen as intervention outcomes measures. Results. Family planning, a 2-month postpartum baby visit, a maternal postpartum visit, and a WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) referral were among the most self-selected intervention services for this population; home health aide and breast-feeding support were the least requested services. Over 90% of those needing family planning or breast-feeding services received the services, while over 20% of the intervention group refused child care, food assistance and family violence referrals, and home health aide and smoking cessation services. The intervention group had a significantly lower risk of less than adequate utilization of prenatal care (OR = .32; 95% CI: 0.17-0.60) and was more likely to have an intensive number of prenatal care visits (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.05-2.48). Conclusions: The ability of managed care organizations to provide ongoing prenatal care to Medicaid populations in a cost-effective manner depends partly on their development of packages of prenatal services that foster positive preventive health care utilization behaviors and good pregnancy outcomes. The results of this project suggest that the intervention was beneficial in the area of improving utilization of prenatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1997

80. INVESTIGATION OF PITS AND DUNE FIELDS IN CRATERS IN NOACHIS TERRA, MARS.

Author

Cairns, K., Hiesinger, H., and Iqbal, W.

Subjects
EOLIAN processes, GEOLOGICAL maps, SURFACE roughness, MARS (Planet), GEOLOGICAL mapping, LUNAR craters, SAND dunes
Abstract

We produced detailed geologic maps of craters in the Noachis Terra, Mars using CTX images identified using the MUTED (Multi-Temporal Database) [1] in order to examine pits and dune fields in crater interiors that have enigmatic origins. The craters exhibit (a) pits with fine-scaled layering that were exposed by regional degradation processes inside the craters [2], and (b) widely distributed dune fields. Both geologic features might be related to aeolian processes and CO2-sublimation [2-5]. The co-occurrence of pits and dunes are unique to Noachis Terra, but do not cooccur in all mapped craters. Thus, we mapped five craters to gain insight into the geological processes operating in this region. Multiple different units were identified based on their morphological features, their color, surface smoothness, and the occurrence of resurfacing materials. The maps show us that both aeolian and exhumation processes may have been responsible for the formation of the pits. Further investigations of the pit craters, will include mapping of additional craters with pits in the region of Noachis Terra to better constrain the processes for the formation of the pits and dune fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

84. INVESTIGATION OF PITS AND DUNE FIELDS IN CRATERS IN NOACHIS TERRA, MARS.

Author

Cairns, K., Hiesinger, H., and Iqbal, W.

Subjects
EOLIAN processes, SURFACE roughness, MARS (Planet), GEOLOGICAL mapping, LUNAR craters, SAND dunes
Abstract

We produced detailed geologic maps of craters in the Noachis Terra, Mars using CTX images identified using the MUTED (Multi-Temporal Database) [1] in order to examine pits and dune fields in crater interiors that have enigmatic origins. The craters exhibit (a) pits with fine-scaled layering that were exposed by regional degradation processes inside the craters [2], and (b) widely distributed dune fields. Both geologic features might be related to aeolian processes and CO2-sublimation [2-5]. The co-occurrence of pits and dunes are unique to Noachis Terra, but do not cooccur in all mapped craters. Thus, we mapped five craters to gain insight into the geological processes operating in this region. Multiple different units were identified based on their morphological features, their color, surface smoothness, and the occurrence of resurfacing materials. The maps show us that both aeolian and exhumation processes may have been responsible for the formation of the pits. Further investigations of the pit craters, will include mapping of additional craters with pits in the region of Noachis Terra to better constrain the processes for the formation of the pits and dune fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

89. The Experience of Lay First Responders in the Northern Ireland Public Access Defibrillation (NIPAD) Project.

Author

Hamilton, A. J., Jordan, J. E., Moore, M. J., Cairns, K., Adgey, A. A. J., and Kee, F.

Abstract

Objective: The Northern Ireland Public Access Defibrillation (NIPAD) project was established to train lay volunteers as First Responders (FRs) in the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) at an out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We wished to establish the background and experience of the FRs. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to FRs with a prepaid reply envelope and a follow up reminder letter was sent to non-respondents after six weeks. Results: There were 178 questionnaires returned of whom 71/178 (39.9%) were male. The mean age of the FRs was 45.9 yrs (SD 10.7). The education level of the FRs was assessed: 49/178 (27.5%) had received no school education after age 16 and 60/178 (33.7%) were educated at university. Basic medical skills prior to enrolling in the NIPAD project were assessed. 30/178 (16.9%) had no previous first aid training, 45/178 (25.3%) had participated in a basic first aid course, 81/178 (45.5%) had training in basic life support and 17/178 (9.6%) had training in advanced life support. Following training 163/178 (91.6%) felt "totally confident" or "reasonably confident" in using an AED at the scene of an OHCA. No volunteer considered the AED difficult to use. In total 34/178 (19.1%) of FRs were willing to hold an AED permanently. No FR required the use of the confidential counselling service employed by the project. Conclusion: First Responders can be recruited from a variety of backgrounds. The First Responders reported the AED to be easy to use following training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

90. Risk Factors in Patients with an Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Author

Hamilton, A. J., Moore, M. J., Cairns, K., Adgey, A. A. J., and Kee, F.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the risk factors leading to death from Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA). Methods: The Emergency Medical Service patient report forms from North and West Belfast were examined from 8/6/2005 to 28/3/2006 for any OHCA death as per Utstein criteria. The General Practitioner (GP) records and the post mortem result were obtained. Results: There were 131 cases of OHCA; 76 were male (58%) mean age 68 years. At the time of death 51 (39%) lived alone and 112 (85%) had OHCA at home. A history of smoking occurred in 72 (55%), hypertension in 63 (48%), hypercholesterolaemia in 42 (32%), and diabetes mellitus in 24 (18%). The median time from the last GP attendance to death was 103 days (interquartile range 21-296 days). In only 6 (5%) cases was chest pain the reason for this attendance. A history of ischaemic heart disease was present in 48 (37%) and 28 (21%) had had a previous coronary angiogram. The use of Aspirin occurred in 56 (43%), B-blockers in 46 (35%), Statins in 54 (41%) and ACE inhibitors in 61 (47%) cases. At post mortem there were 27/42 (63%) with = moderate coronary atheroma in 3 coronary arteries and left ventricular hypertrophy in 26/42 (62%) cases. Conclusion: OHCA remains difficult to predict with few patients presenting with prior chest pain. The high incidence of OHCA in individuals living alone at home will constrain improvements in survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

94. A Global Declaration on Appropriate Use of Antimicrobial Agents across the Surgical Pathway

Author

Sartelli, M., Kluger, Y., Ansaloni, L., Carlet, J., Brink, A., Hardcastle, T. C., Khanna, A., Chicom-Mefire, A., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Nathwani, D., Mendelson, M., Watkins, R. R., Pulcini, C., Beović, B., May, A. K., Itani, K. M. F., Mazuski, J. E., Fry, D. E., Coccolini, F., Rasxa, K., Montravers, P., Eckmann, C., Abbo, L. M., Abubakar, S., Abu-Zidan, F. M., Adesunkanmi, A. K., Al-Hasan, M. N., Althani, A. A., Ticas, J. E. A., Ansari, S., Ansumana, R., Da Silva, A. R. A. , Augustin, G. , Bala, M. , Balogh, Z. J. , Baraket, O. , Bassetti, M. , Bellanova, G. , Beltran, M. A. , Ben-Ishay, O. , Boermeester, M. A. , Brecher, S. M. , Bueno, J. , Cainzos, M. A. , Cairns, K. , Camacho-Ortiz, A. , Ceresoli, M. , Chandy, S. J. , Cherry-Bukowiec, J. R. , Cirocchi, R. , Colak, E. , Corcione, A. , Cornely, O. A. , Cortese, F. , Cui, Y. , Curcio, D. , Damaskos, D. , Dasx, K. , Delibegovic, S. , Demetrashvili, Z. be, De Simone, B. bf, De Souza, H. P. bg, De Waele, J. bh, Dhingra, S. bi, Diaz, J. J. bj, Di Carlo, I. bk, Di Marzo, F. bl, DI TOMASO, SAVERIO, S. , Dogjani, A. , Dorj, G. , Dortet, L. , Duane, T. M. , Dupont, H. , Egiev, V. N. , Eid, H. O. , Elmangory, El-Sayed Marei, H. , Enani, M. A. , Escandón-Vargas, K. , Faro, M. P. , J.r., Ferrada, P., Foghetti, D., Foianini, E., Fraga, G. P., Frattima, S., Gandhi, C., Gattuso, G., Giamarellou, E., Ghnnam, W., Gkiokas, G., Girardis, M., Goff, D. A., Gomes, C. A., Gomi, H., Gronerth, R. I. G., Guirao, X., Guzman-Blanco, M., Haque, M., Hecker, A., Hell, M., Herzog, T., Hicks, L., Kafka-Ritsch, R., Kao, L. S., Kanj, S. S., Kaplan, L. J., Kapoor, G., Karamarkovic, A., Kashuk, J., Kenig, J., Khamis, F., Khokha, V., Kiguba, R., Kirkpatrick, A. W., Kørner, H., Koike, K., Kok, K. Y. Y., Kon, K., Kong, V., Inaba, K., Ioannidis, O., Isik, A., Iskandar, K., Labbate, M., Labricciosa, F. M., Lagrou, K., Lagunes, L., Latifi, R., Lasithiotakis, K., Laxminarayan, R., Lee, J. G., Leone, M., Leppäniemi, A., Li, Y., Liang, S. Y., Liau, K. -.H., Litvin, A., Loho, T., Lowman, W., Machain, G. Mf, Maier, R. V., Manzano-Nunez, R., Marinis, A., Marmorale, C., Martin-Loeches, I., Marwah, S., Maseda, E., McFarlane, M., BEZERRA DE MELO PEREIRA NUNES, CINTIA, R. , Melotti, R. , Memish, Z. , Mertz, D. , Mesina, C. , Menichetti, F. , Mishra, S. K. , Montori, G. , Moore, E. E. , Moore, F. A. , Naidoo, NAPOLITANO, NELLO, L. , Negoi, I. , Nicolau, D. P. , Nikolopoulos, I. , Nord, C. E. , Ofori-Asenso, R. , Olaoye, I. , Omari, A. H. , Ordoñez, C. A. , Ouadii, M. , Ouedraogo, A. , Pagani, L. , Paiva, J. A. , Parreira, J. G. , Pata, F. fm, Pereira, J., Pereira, N. R., Petrosillo, N., Picetti, E., Pintar, T., Ponce-De-Leon, A., Popovski, Z., Poulakou, G., Preller, J., Guerrero, A. P., Pupelis, G., Quiodettis, M., Rawson, T. M., Reichert, M., Reinhart, K., Rems, M., Rello, J., Rizoli, S., ROBERTS, HENRI JOHAN EDUARD, Rubio-Perez, I., Ruppé, E., Sakakushev, B., Sall, I., Kafil, H. S. j, Sanders, J., Sato, N., Sawyer, R. G., T. , Scibé, R. , Scudeller, L. , Lohse, H. S. , Sganga, G. , Shafiq, N. , Shah, J. N. , Spigaglia, P. , Suroowan, S. , Tsioutis, C. , Sifri, C. D. , Siribumrungwong, B. , Sugrue, M. , Talving, P. , Tan, B. K. , Tarasconi, A. , Tascini, C. , Tilsed, J. , Timsit, J. -.F. , Tumbarello, M. , Trung, N. T. , Ulrych, J. , Uranues, S. , Velmahos, G. , Vereczkei, A. G. , Viale, P. , Estape, J. V. , Viscoli, C. , Wagenlehner, F. , Wright, B. J. , Xiao, Y. , Yuan, K. -.C. , Zachariah, S. K. , Zahar, J. R. , Mergulhão, P. , Catena, Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Internal Medicine Department, Universidad de Sevilla, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U912 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Service d'anesthésie - réanimation chirurgicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Klinik I für Innere Medizin und Zentrum für Klinische Studien (ZKS) 01KN0706, Universitätsklinikum Köln (Uniklinik Köln), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität = Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hartford Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Instituto Nacional de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA), Instituto Nacional de matematica pura e aplicada, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, ATTIKON University General Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Critical Care Department, Joan XXIII University Hospital, Departmet of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Disease, Istituto Superiore di Sanita [Rome], Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph (hpsj), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Sartelli, Massimo, Kluger, Yoram, Ansaloni, Luca, Carlet, Jean, Dorj, Gereltuya, Catena, Fausto, [Sartelli, Massimo] Macerata Hosp, Dept Surg, Macerata, Italy, [Scibe, Rodolfo] Macerata Hosp, Dept Surg, Macerata, Italy, [Kluger, Yoram] Rambam Hlth Care Campus, Dept Gen Surg, Div Surg, Haifa, Israel, [Ben-Ishay, Ofir] Rambam Hlth Care Campus, Dept Gen Surg, Div Surg, Haifa, Israel, [Ansaloni, Luca] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Coccolini, Federico] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Ceresoli, Marco] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Montori, Giulia] Papa Giovanni XXIII Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Bergamo, Italy, [Carlet, Jean] World Alliance Antibiot Resistance, Paris, France, [Brink, Adrian] Milpark Hosp, Ampath Natl Lab Serv, Dept Clin Microbiol, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Brink, Adrian] Univ Cape Town, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & HIV Med, Cape Town, South Africa, [Hardcastle, Timothy C.] Inkosi Albert Luthuli Cent Hosp, Trauma Serv, Durban, South Africa, [Hardcastle, Timothy C.] Nelson R Mandela Sch Clin Med, Dept Surg, Durban, South Africa, [Khanna, Ashish] Ctr Crit Care, Anaesthesiol Inst, Cleveland, OH USA, [Khanna, Ashish] Cleveland Clin, Dept Outcomes Res, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA, [Chicom-Mefire, Alain] Univ Buea, Dept Surg & Obstet Gynaecol, Buea, Cameroon, [Foianini, Esteban] Univ Buea, Dept Surg & Obstet Gynaecol, Buea, Cameroon, [Rodriguez-Bano, Jesus] Hosp Univ Virgen Macarena & Virge del Rocio IbiS, Unidad Clin Interctr Enfermedades Infecciosas Mic, Seville, Spain, [Rodriguez-Bano, Jesus] Univ Seville, Dept Med, Seville, Spain, [Nathwani, Dilip] Ninewells Hosp & Med Sch, Dundee, Scotland, [Mendelson, Marc] Univ Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis & HIV Med, Cape Town, South Africa, [Watkins, Richard R.] Cleveland Clin Akron Gen, Div Infect Dis, Akron, OH USA, [Watkins, Richard R.] Northeast Ohio Med Univ, Rootstown, OH USA, [Pulcini, Celine] Lorraine Univ, EA APEMAC 4360, Nancy, France, [Pulcini, Celine] Nancy Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Dept, Nancy, France, [Beovic, Bojana] Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [Beovic, Bojana] Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [May, Addison K.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Trauma & Surg Crit Care, Nashville, TN USA, [Itani, Kamal M. F.] Boston Univ, Dept Surg, VA Boston Hlth Care Syst, Boston, MA 02215 USA, [Itani, Kamal M. F.] Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA, [Mazuski, John E.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Fry, Donald E.] Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA, [Fry, Donald E.] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA, [Rasa, Kemal] Anadolu Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Kocaali, Turkey, [Montravers, Philippe] Bichat Claude Bernard Univ Hosp, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Cite Univ, Anesthesiol & Crit Care Med, HUPNSV, Paris, France, [Eckmann, Christian] Hannover Med Sch, Acad Hosp, Dept Gen Visceral & Thorac Surg, Peine, Germany, [Abbo, Lilian M.] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Jackson Hlth Syst, Div Infect Dis, Miami, FL 33136 USA, [Abbo, Lilian M.] Bayero Univ, Dept Nursing Sci, Kano, Nigeria, [Abubakar, Salisu] UAE Univ, Coll Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates, [Abu-Zidan, Fikri M.] Obafemi Awolowo Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dept Surg, Ife, Nigeria, [Al-Hasan, Majdi N.] Univ South Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Columbia, SC USA, [Althani, Asma A.] Qatar Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Doha, Qatar, [Marei, Hany El-Sayed] Qatar Univ, Biomed Res Ctr, Doha, Qatar, [Ticas, Jorge Eduardo Alvarenga] Hosp Nacl Ros, Emergency Unit, San Salvador, El Salvador, [Ansari, Shamshul] Oita Univ, Dept Environm & Prevent Med, Fac Med, Oita, Japan, [Ansari, Shamshul] Chitwan Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Bharatpur, Nepal, [Ansumana, Rashid] Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Ctr Neglected Trop Dis, Bo, Sierra Leone, [Ansumana, Rashid] Njala Univ, Mercy Hosp, Res Lab, Bo, Sierra Leone, [Araujo da Silva, Andre Ricardo] Prontobaby Hosp Crianca, Infect Control Comm, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, [Augustin, Goran] Univ Hosp Ctr, Dept Surg, Zagreb, Croatia, [Bala, Miklosh] Hadassah Hebrew Univ Med Ctr, Trauma & Acute Care Surg Unit, Jerusalem, Israel, [Balogh, Zsolt J.] John Hunter Hosp, Dept Traumatol, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, [Balogh, Zsolt J.] Univ Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia, [Baraket, Oussema] Bizerte Hosp, Dept Surg, Bizerte, Tunisia, [Bassett, Matteo] Santa Maria Misericordia Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Div, Udine, Italy, [Bellanova, Giovanni] SS Annunziata Hosp, Dept Surg, Taranto, Italy, [Beltran, Marcelo A.] Hosp San Juan Dios, Dept Gen Surg, La Serena, Chile, [Biffl, Walter L.] Queens Med Ctr, Acute Care Surg, Honolulu, HI USA, [Boermeester, Marja A.] Acad Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Amsterdam, Netherlands, [Brecher, Stephen M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, VA Boston HealthCare Syst, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA, [Brecher, Stephen M.] Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA, [Bueno, Juan] Fdn Ctr Invest Bioprospecc & Biotecnol Biodivers, Barranquilla, Colombia, [Cainzos, Miguel A.] Hosp Clin Univ, Dept Surg, Santiago De Compostela, Spain, [Cairns, Kelly] Alfred Hlth, Pharm Dept, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Camacho-Ortiz, Adrian] Hosp Univ Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez, Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Dis, Monterrey, Mexico, [Chandy, Sujith J.] Christian Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pharmacol & Clin Pharmacol, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, [Cherry-Bukowiec, Jill R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, [Cirocchi, Roberto] Univ Perugia, Dept Gen & Oncol Surg, Terni, Italy, [Colak, Elif] Hlth Sci Univ, Samsun Training & Res Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Samsun, Turkey, [Corcione, Antonio] AORN Colli Vincenzo Monaldi Hosp, Anesthesia & Intens Care Unit, Naples, Italy, [Cornely, Oliver A.] Univ Cologne, German Ctr Infect Res DZIF, Dept Internal Med 1, Cologne Excellence Cluster Cellular Stress Respon, Cologne, Germany, [Cortese, Francesco] San Filippo Neris Hosp, Emergency Surg Unit, Rome, Italy, [Cui, Yunfeng] Tianjin Med Univ, Tianjin Nankai Hosp, Dept Surg, Nankai Clin Sch Med, Tianjin, Peoples R China, [Curcio, Daniel] Buenos Aires Univ, Infectol Inst SRL, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina, [Damaskos, Dimitris] Royal Infirm Edinburgh NHS Trust, Dept Surg, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Das, Koray] Ankara Numune Training & Res Hosp, Dept Surg, Adana, Turkey, [Delibegovic, Samir] Univ Clin Ctr Tuzla, Dept Surg, Tuzla, Bosnia & Herceg, [Deme-Trashvili, Zaza] Kipshidze Cent Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Tbilisi, Georgia, [De Simone, Belinda] Cannes Hosp, Dept Digest Surg, Cannes, France, [de Souza, Hamilton Petry] Pontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, [De Waele, Jan] Ghent Univ Hosp, Dept Crit Care Med, Ghent, Belgium, [Dhingra, Sameer] Univ West Indies, Eric Williams Med Sci Complex, Sch Pharm, Fac Med Sci, Uriah Butler Highway, Champ Fleurs, Trinidad Tobago, [Diaz, Jose J.] Univ Maryland, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg, Program Trauma, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, [Di Carlo, Isidoro] Univ Catania, Cannizzaro Hosp, Dept Surg Sci, Catania, Italy, [Di Marzo, Francesco] Versilia Hosp, Gen Surg, Usl Nordovest, Tuscany, Italy, [Di Saverio, Salomone] Maggiore Hosp, Dept Surg, Bologna, Italy, [Dogjani, Agron] Univ Hosp Trauma, Dept Surg, Tirana, Albania, [Dorj, Gereltuya] Mongolian Natl Univ Med Sci, Sch Pharm, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, [Dortet, Laurent] Paris Sud Univ, Bicetre Hosp, Dept Microbiol, La Kremlin Bicetre, France, [Duane, Therese M.] John Peter Smith Hlth Network, Dept Surg, Ft Worth, TX USA, [Dupont, Herve] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, CHU Amiens Picardie, Dept Anesthesie Reanimat, Amiens, France, [Dupont, Herve] Univ Picardie Jules Verne, INSERM, U1088, Amiens, France, [Egiev, Valery N.] Pirogov Russian Natl Res Med Univ, Dept Surg, Moscow, Russia, [Eid, Hani O.] Al Ain Hosp, Mediclin Middle East, Dept Emergency Med, Al Ain, U Arab Emirates, [Elmangory, Mutasim] Fed Minist Hlth, Sudan Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Khartoum, Sudan, [Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz] King Fahad Med City, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, [Escandon-Vargas, Kevin] Univ Valle, Escuela Med, Fac Salud, Cali, Colombia, [Faro Junior, Mario P.] ABC Med Sch, Dept Gen Surg Trauma, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil, [Faro Junior, Mario P.] ABC Med Sch, Emergency Surg Div, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil, [Ferrada, Paula] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Surg, Richmond, VA USA, [Foghetti, Domitilla] Pesaro Hosp, Dept Surg, Pesaro, Italy, Clin Foianini, Dept Surg, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, [Fraga, Gustavo P.] Univ Campinas Unicamp, Sch Med Sci, Dept Surg, Div Trauma Surg, Campinas, SP, Brazil, [Frattima, Sabrina] Ist Clin San Rocco Franciacorta, Brescia, Italy, [Gandhi, Chinmay] Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed Univ Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Surg, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, [Gattuso, Gianni] C Poma Hosp, Infect Dis Dept, Mantua, Italy, [Giamarellou, Eleni] Hygeia Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med 6, Athens, Greece, [Ghnnam, Wagih] Mansoura Univ, Mansoura Fac Med, Dept Gen Surg, Mansoura, Egypt, [Gkiokas, George] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Aretaieion Univ Hosp, Dept Surg 2, Athens, Greece, [Girardis, Massimo] Modena Univ Hosp, Intens Care Unit, Modena, Italy, [Goff, Debbie A.] Ohio State Univ, Wexner Med Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA, [Gomes, Carlos Augusto] Hosp Univ Terezinha Jesus, Dept Surg, Fac Ciencias Med & Saude Juiz de Fora, Juiz De Fora, Brazil, [Gomi, Harumi] Univ Tsukuba, Mito Kyodo Gen Hosp, Ctr Global Hlth, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan, [Guerra Gronerth, Rosio Isabel] Peruvian Navy Med Ctr, Lima, Peru, [Guirao, Xavier] Parc Tauli Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Unit Endocrine Head & Neck Surg, Sabadell, Spain, [Guirao, Xavier] Parc Tauli Univ Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Unit Surg Infect Support, Sabadell, Spain, [Guzman-Blanco, Manuel] Hosp Privado Ctr Med Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela, [Guzman-Blanco, Manuel] Hosp Vargas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela, [Haque, Mainul] Univ Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Natl Def Univ Malaysia, Unit Pharmacol, Fac Med & Def Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [Reichert, Martin] Univ Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Natl Def Univ Malaysia, Unit Pharmacol, Fac Med & Def Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [Hecker, Andreas] Univ Hosp Giessen, Dept Gen & Thorac Surg, Giessen, Germany, [Hell, Markus] Paracelsus Med Univ, Acad Teaching Lab, Clin Microbiol & Infect Control, MEDILAB Dr Mustafa Dr Richter OG, Salzburg, Austria, [Herzog, Torsten] Ruhr Univ Bochum, St Josef Hosp, Dept Surg, Bochum, Germany, [Hicks, Lauri] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA, [Kafka-Ritsch, Reinhold] Innsbruck Med Univ, Dept Visceral Transplant & Thorac Surg, Innsbruck, Austria, [Kao, Lillian S.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Dept Surg, Houston, TX 77030 USA, [Kanj, Souha S.] Amer Univ Beirut, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Beirut, Lebanon, [Kaplan, Lewis J.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Philadelphia VA Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Kapoor, Garima] Gandhi Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Bhopal, India, [Karamarkovic, Aleksandar] Univ Belgrade, Clin Emergency Surg, Med Fac, Belgrade, Serbia, [Kashuk, Jeffry] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Surg, Assia Med Grp, Sackler Sch Med, Tel Aviv, Israel, [Kenig, Jakub] Jagiellonian Univ, Med Coll, Dept Gen Surg 3, Krakow, Poland, [Khamis, Faryal] Royal Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Muscat, Oman, [Khokha, Vladimir] City Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Mozyr, BELARUS, [Kiguba, Ronald] Makerere Univ, Dept Pharmacol & Therapeut, Coll Hlth Sci, Kampala, Uganda, [Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.] Foothills Med Ctr, Gen Acute Care Abdominal Wall Reconstruct & Traum, Calgary, AB, Canada, [Korner, Hartwig] Stavanger Univ Hosp, Dept Gastrointestinal Surg, Stavanger, Norway, [Koike, Kaoru] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Primary Care & Emergency Med, Kyoto, Japan, [Kok, Kenneth Y. Y.] Brunei Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, Jerudong Pk, Jerudong, Brunei, [Kon, Kateryna] Kharkiv Natl Med Univ, Dept Microbiol Virol & Immunol, Kharkov, Ukraine, [Kong, Victor] Edendale Hosp, Dept Surg, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, [Inaba, Kenji] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles Cty & Univ So Cali fornia Med Ctr, Div Acute Care Surg & Surg Crit Care, Dept Surg, Los Angeles, CA USA, [Ioannidis, Orestis] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Gen Hosp G Papanikolaou, Surg Dept 4, Med Sch, Thessaloniki, Greece, [Isik, Arda] Erzincan Univ, Dept Gen Surg, Fac Med, Erzincan, Turkey, [Iskandar, Katia] Lebanese Int Univ, Dept Pharm, Beirut, Lebanon, [Labbate, Maurizio] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Life Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [Labbate, Maurizio] Univ Technol Sydney, Inst I3, Sydney, NSW, Australia, [Labricciosa, Francesco M.] UNIVPM, Dept Biomed Sci & Publ Hlth, Unit Hyg Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Ancona, Italy, [Lagrou, Katrien] Univ Hosp Leuven, Clin Dept Lab Med, Leuven, Belgium, [Lagrou, Katrien] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Leuven, Belgium, [Lagunes, Leonel] Hosp Cent Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, [Latifi, Rifat] Univ Arizona, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, Tucson, AZ USA, [Lasithiotakis, Kostas] York Teaching Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, Dept Surg, York, N Yorkshire, England, [Laxminarayan, Ramanan] Ctr Dis Dynam Econ & Policy, Washington, DC USA, [Lee, Jae Gil] Yonsei Univ, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Seoul, South Korea, [Leone, Marc] Aix Marseille Univ, Hop Nord, AP HM, Dept Anaesthesiol & Crit Care, Marseille, France, [Leppaniemi, Ari] Univ Hosp Meilahti, Abdominal Ctr, Helsinki, Finland, [Li, Yousheng] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Med, Shanghai Peoples Hosp 9, Dept Surg, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Liang, Stephen Y.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Div Emergency Med, St Louis, MO USA, [Liau, Kui-Hin] Natl Univ Singapore, Mt Elizabeth Novena Hosp, Singapore & Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Dept Surg,Liau KH Consulting, Singapore, Singapore, [Litvin, Andrey] Immanuel Kant Balt Fed Univ, Surg Disciplines, Reg Clin Hosp, Kaliningrad, Russia, [Loho, Tonny] Univ Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Gen Hosp, Dept Clin Pathol, Div Infect Dis,Fac Med, Jakarta, Indonesia, [Lowman, Warren] Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Vermaak Partners Pathcare Pathologists, Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis,Fac Hlth Sci, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Lowman, Warren] Wits Donald Gordon Med Ctr, Johannesburg, South Africa, [Machain, Gustavo M.] Univ Nacl Asuncion, Dept Surg, Asuncion, Paraguay, [Segovia Lohse, Helmut] Univ Nacl Asuncion, Dept Surg, Asuncion, Paraguay, [Maier, Ronald V.] Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA, [Manzano-Nunez, Ramiro] Fdn Valle Lili, Clin Res Ctr, Cali, Colombia, [Marinis, Athanasios] Tzane Gen Hosp, Dept Surg 1, Piraeus, Greece, [Marmorale, Cristina] Univ Politecn Marche, Dept Surg, Ancona, Italy, [Martin-Loeches, Ignacio] St James Univ Hosp, Trin Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Med, Wellcome Trust HRB Clin Res,MICRO, Dublin, Ireland, [Marwah, Sanjay] Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Surg, Rohtak, Haryana, India, [Maseda, Emilio] Hosp Univ La Paz Madrid, Serv Anestesia & Reanimac, Madrid, Spain, [McFarlane, Michael] Univ Hosp West Indies, Dept Surg Radiol, Kingston, Jamaica, [de Melo, Renato Bessa] Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Gen Surg Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Melotti, Maria Rita] Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Anesthesiol & Intens Care, Bologna, Italy, [Memish, Ziad] Minist Hlth, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hosp, Dept Med, Infect Dis Div, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, [Mertz, Dominik] McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Mertz, Dominik] McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Pathol & Mol Med, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Mesina, Cristian] Emergency Hosp Craiova, Surg Clin 2, Craiova, Romania, [Menichetti, Francesco] Univ Hosp Pisa, Infect Dis Unit, Pisa, Italy, [Mishra, Shyam Kumar] Tribhuvan Univ, Teaching Hosp, Inst Med, Dept Microbiol, Kathmandu, Nepal, [Moore, Ernest E.] Univ Colorado, Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Denver, CO 80202 USA, [Moore, Frederick A.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Surg, Div Acute Care Surg, Gainesville, FL USA, [Moore, Frederick A.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Ctr Sepsis & Crit Illness Res, Gainesville, FL USA, [Naidoo, Noel] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Dept Surg, Durban, South Africa, [Napolitano, Lena] Univ Michigan, Dept Surg, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, [Negoi, Ionut] Emergency Hosp Bucharest, Dept Surg, Bucharest, Romania, [Nicolau, David P.] Ctr Anti Infect Res & Dev, Hartford, CT USA, [Nikolopoulos, Ioannis] Lewisham & Greenwich NHS Trust, Dept Gen Surg, London, England, [Nord, Carl Erik] Karolinska Univ, Huddinge Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Div Clin Microbiol, Stockholm, Sweden, [Ofori-Asenso, Richard] Hlth Policy Consult, Res Unit, Weija, Accra, Ghana, [Olaoye, Iyiade] Univ Ilorin, Teaching Hosp, Dept Surg, Ilorin, Nigeria, [Omari, Abdelkarim H.] King Abdullah Univ Hosp, Dept Surg, Irbid, Jordan, [Ordonez, Carlos A.] Univ Valle, Fdn Valle Lili, Dept Surg & Crit Care, Cali, Colombia, [Ouadii, Mouaqit] Sidi Mohamed Benabdellah Univ, Hassan Univ Hosp 2, Dept Surg, Med Sch Fez, Fes, Morocco, [Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam] CHU Souro Sanou, Bacteriol & Virol Dept, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, [Pagani, Leonardo] Bolzano Cent Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Bolzano, Italy, [Paiva, Jose Artur] Univ Porto, Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Intens Care Med Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Mergulhao, Paulo] Univ Porto, Ctr Hosp Sao Joao, Intens Care Med Dept, Porto, Portugal, [Parreira, Jose Gustavo] Santa Casa Sao Paulo Sch Med Sci, Dept Surg, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Pata, Francesco] St Antonio Abate Hosp, Dept Surg, Gallarate, Italy, [Pereira, Jorge] Ctr Hosp Tondela Viseu, Surg Unit 1, Viseu, Portugal, [Pereira, Nuno R.] Sao Joao Hosp Ctr, Ctr Hosp Epidemiol, Unit Prevent & Infect Control, Porto, Portugal, [Petrosillo, Nicola] INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Picetti, Edoardo] Univ Parma, Azienda Osped, Dept Anesthesia & Intens Care, Parma, Italy, [Pintar, Tadeja] UMC Ljubljana, Dept Surg, Ljubljana, Slovenia, [Ponce-de-Leon, Alfredo] Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Infect Dis, Lab Clin Microbiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico, [Popovski, Zagorka] Hamilton Hlth Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada, [Popovski, Zagorka] London Hlth Sci, London, ON, Canada, [Poulakou, Garyphallia] Attikon Univ Gen Hosp, Med Sch, Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Dept Internal Med 4, Athens, Greece, [Poulakou, Garyphallia] Attikon Univ Gen Hosp, Med Sch, Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Infect Dis Unit, Athens, Greece, [Preller, Jacobus] Univ Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, John Farman Intens Care Unit, Cambridge, England, [Guerrero, Adrian Puello] Univ Autonoma Santo Domingo, Inst Nacl Canc Rosa Tavares INCART, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep, [Pupelis, Guntars] Riga East Univ Hosp Gailezers, Dept Gen & Emergency Surg, Riga, Latvia, [Quiodettis, Martha] Hosp Santo Tomas, Dept Trauma, Panama City, Panama, [Rawson, Timothy M.] Natl Inst Hlth Res, Imperial Coll London, Hlth Protect Res Unit Healthcare Associated Infec, Hammersmith Campus, London, England, [Reinhart, Konrad] Jena Univ Hosp, Dept Anesthesiol & Intens Care Med, Jena, Thuringen, Germany, [Rems, Miran] Jesenice Gen Hosp, Dept Gen Surg, Jesenice, Slovenia, [Rello, Jordi] VHIR, Dept Clin Res & Innovat Pneumonia & Sepsis, Barcelona, Spain, [Rizoli, Sandro] Univ Toronto, St Michaels Hosp, Trauma & Acute Care Serv, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Roberts, Jason] Univ Queensland, Fac Med, Brisbane, Qld, Australia, [Rubio-Perez, Ines] La Paz Univ Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Colorectal Surg Unit, Madrid, Spain, [Ruppc, Etienne] Bichat Claude Bernard Univ Hosp, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Univ, Serv Bacteriol, HUPNSV, Paris, France, [Sakakushev, Boris] Univ Hosp St George, Med Univ, Gen Surg Dept, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, [Sall, Ibrahima] Mil Teaching Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Dakar, Senegal, [Kafil, Hossein Samadi] Tabriz Univ Med Sci, Drug Appl Res Ctr, Tabriz, Iran, [Sanders, James] JPS Hlth Network, Ft Worth, TX USA, [Sato, Norio] Ehime Univ, Grad Sch Med, Dept Aeromed Serv Emergency & Trauma Care, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan, [Sawyer, Robert G.] Western Michigan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA, [Scalea, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Trauma Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA, [Scudeller, Luigia] IRCCS Policlin San Matteo Fdn, Clin Epidemiol Unit, Pavia, Italy, [Sganga, Gabriele] Univ Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Policlin A Gemelli, Dept Surg, Rome, Italy, [Shafiq, Nusrat] Postgrad Inst Med Educ & Res, Dept Pharmacol, Chandigarh, India, [Shah, Jay N.] Patan Acad Hlth Sci, Dept Surg Patan Hosp, Kathmandu, Nepal, [Spigaglia, Patrizia] Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Suroowan, Shanoo] Univ Mauritius, Dept Hlth Sci, Fac Sci, Reduit, Mauritius, [Tsioutis, Constantinos] European Univ Cyprus, Sch Med, Nicosia, Cyprus, [Sifri, Costi D.] Univ Virginia Hlth Syst, Off Hosp Epidemiol Infect Prevent & Control, Charlottesville, VA USA, [Siribumrungwong, Boonying] Thammasat Univ Hosp, Thammasat Univ, Dept Surg, Fac Med, Pathum Thani, Thailand, [Sugrue, Michael] Letterkenny Hosp, Gen Surg Dept, Letterkenny, Ireland, [Talving, Peep] North Estonia Med Ctr, Dept Surg, Tallinn, Estonia, [Tan, Boun Kim] Ctr Hosp St Joseph St Luc, Intens Care Unit, Lyon, France, [Tarasconi, Antonio] Parma Maggiore Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Parma, Italy, [Catena, Fausto] Parma Maggiore Hosp, Dept Emergency Surg, Parma, Italy, [Tascini, Carlo] Cotugno Hosp, Azienda Osped Colli, Div Infect Dis 1, Naples, Italy, [Tilsed, Jonathan] Hull & East Yorkshire Hosp NHS Trust, Surg Hlth Care Grp, Kingston Upon Hull, N Humberside, England, [Timsit, Jean-Francois] Hop Xavier Bichat, PHP Med & Infect Dis ICU, Paris, France, [Tumbarello, Mario] Catholic Univ, Inst Infect Dis, Rome, Italy, [Ngo Tat Trung] Tran Hung Dao Hosp, Dept Mol Biol, Hanoi, Vietnam, [Ulrych, Jan] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Med 1, Dept Surg 1, Prague, Czech Republic, [Ulrych, Jan] Gen Univ Hosp Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, [Uranues, Selman] Med Univ Graz, Dept Surg, Graz, Austria, [Velmahos, George] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Trauma Emergency Surg & Surg Crit Care, Boston, MA 02114 USA, [Vereczkei, Andras G.] Med Sch Univ Pecs, Dept Surg, Pecs, Hungary, [Viale, Pierluigi] Alma Mater Studiorum Univ Bologna, Dept Med & Surg Sci, Infect Dis Unit, Bologna, Italy, [Vila Estape, Jordi] Univ Barcelona, ISGlobal Hosp Clin, Inst Salud Global, Barcelona, Spain, [Viscoli, Claudio] Univ Genoa DISSAL, Osped Policlin San Martino IRCCS Oncol, Infect Dis Unit, Genoa, Italy, [Wagenlehner, Florian] Univ Giessen, Dept Urol Pediat Urol & Androl, Med Fac Justus Liebig, Giessen, Germany, [Wright, Brian J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med & Neurosurg, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA, [Xiao, Yonghong] Zhejiang Univ, Affilliated Hosp 1, State Key Lab Diag & Treatment Infect Dis, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China, [Yuan, Kuo-Ching] Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Trauma & Emergency Surg Dept, Taoyuan, Taiwan, [Zachariah, Sanoop K.] MOSC Med Coll Kolenchery, Dept Surg, Cochin, Kerala, India, [Zahar, Jean Ralph] Angers Univ, CHU Angers, Infect Control Unit, Angers, France, COMBE, Isabelle, Sartelli, M, Kluger, Y, Ansaloni, L, Carlet, J, Brink, A, Hardcastle, T, Khanna, A, Chicom-Mefire, A, Rodriguez-Bano, J, Nathwani, D, Mendelson, M, Watkins, R, Pulcini, C, Beovic, B, May, A, Itani, K, Mazuski, J, Fry, D, Coccolini, F, Rasxa, K, Montravers, P, Eckmann, C, Abbo, L, Abubakar, S, Abu-Zidan, F, Adesunkanmi, A, Al-Hasan, M, Althani, A, Ticas, J, Ansari, S, Ansumana, R, Da Silva, A, Augustin, G, Bala, M, Balogh, Z, Baraket, O, Bassetti, M, Bellanova, G, Beltran, M, Ben-Ishay, O, Biffl, W, Boermeester, M, Brecher, S, Bueno, J, Cainzos, M, Cairns, K, Camacho-Ortiz, A, Ceresoli, M, Chandy, S, Cherry-Bukowiec, J, Cirocchi, R, Colak, E, Corcione, A, Cornely, O, Cortese, F, Cui, Y, Curcio, D, Damaskos, D, Dasx, K, Delibegovic, S, Demetrashvili, Z, De Simone, B, De Souza, H, De Waele, J, Dhingra, S, Diaz, J, Di Carlo, I, Di Marzo, F, Di Saverio, S, Dogjani, A, Dorj, G, Dortet, L, Duane, T, Dupont, H, Egiev, V, Eid, H, Elmangory, M, El-Sayed Marei, H, Enani, M, Escandon-Vargas, K, Faro, M, Ferrada, P, Foghetti, D, Foianini, E, Fraga, G, Frattima, S, Gandhi, C, Gattuso, G, Giamarellou, E, Ghnnam, W, Gkiokas, G, Girardis, M, Goff, D, Gomes, C, Gomi, H, Gronerth, R, Guirao, X, Guzman-Blanco, M, Haque, M, Hecker, A, Hell, M, Herzog, T, Hicks, L, Kafka-Ritsch, R, Kao, L, Kanj, S, Kaplan, L, Kapoor, G, Karamarkovic, A, Kashuk, J, Kenig, J, Khamis, F, Khokha, V, Kiguba, R, Kirkpatrick, A, Korner, H, Koike, K, Kok, K, Kon, K, Kong, V, Inaba, K, Ioannidis, O, Isik, A, Iskandar, K, Labbate, M, Labricciosa, F, Lagrou, K, Lagunes, L, Latifi, R, Lasithiotakis, K, Laxminarayan, R, Lee, J, Leone, M, Leppaniemi, A, Li, Y, Liang, S, Liau, K, Litvin, A, Loho, T, Lowman, W, Machain, G, Maier, R, Manzano-Nunez, R, Marinis, A, Marmorale, C, Martin-Loeches, I, Marwah, S, Maseda, E, Mcfarlane, M, De Melo, R, Melotti, M, Memish, Z, Mertz, D, Mesina, C, Menichetti, F, Mishra, S, Montori, G, Moore, E, Moore, F, Naidoo, N, Napolitano, L, Negoi, I, Nicolau, D, Nikolopoulos, I, Nord, C, Ofori-Asenso, R, Olaoye, I, Omari, A, Ordonez, C, Ouadii, M, Ouedraogo, A, Pagani, L, Paiva, J, Parreira, J, Pata, F, Pereira, J, Pereira, N, Petrosillo, N, Picetti, E, Pintar, T, Ponce-De-Leon, A, Popovski, Z, Poulakou, G, Preller, J, Guerrero, A, Pupelis, G, Quiodettis, M, Rawson, T, Reichert, M, Reinhart, K, Rems, M, Rello, J, Rizoli, S, Roberts, J, Rubio-Perez, I, Ruppe, E, Sakakushev, B, Sall, I, Kafil, H, Sanders, J, Sato, N, Sawyer, R, Scalea, T, Scibe, R, Scudeller, L, Lohse, H, Sganga, G, Shafiq, N, Shah, J, Spigaglia, P, Suroowan, S, Tsioutis, C, Sifri, C, Siribumrungwong, B, Sugrue, M, Talving, P, Tan, B, Tarasconi, A, Tascini, C, Tilsed, J, Timsit, J, Tumbarello, M, Trung, N, Ulrych, J, Uranues, S, Velmahos, G, Vereczkei, A, Viale, P, Estape, J, Viscoli, C, Wagenlehner, F, Wright, B, Xiao, Y, Yuan, K, Zachariah, S, Zahar, J, Mergulhao, P, Catena, F, Sartelli, M., Kluger, Y., Ansaloni, L., Carlet, J., Brink, A., Hardcastle, T. C., Khanna, A., Chicom-Mefire, A., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Nathwani, D., Mendelson, M., Watkins, R. R., Pulcini, C., Beović, B., May, A. K., Itani, K. M. F., Mazuski, J. E., Fry, D. E., Coccolini, F., Rasxa, K., Montravers, P., Eckmann, C., Abbo, L. M., Abubakar, S., Abu-Zidan, F. M., Adesunkanmi, A. K., Al-Hasan, M. N., Althani, A. A., Ticas, J. E. A., Ansari, S., Ansumana, R., Da, Silva, Augustin, A. R. A., Bala, G., Balogh, M., Baraket, Z. J., Bassetti, O., Bellanova, M., Beltran, G., Ben-Ishay, M. A., Boermeester, O., Brecher, M. A., Bueno, S. M., Cainzos, J., Cairns, M. A., Camacho-Ortiz, K., Ceresoli, A., Chandy, M., Cherry-Bukowiec, S. J., Cirocchi, J. R., Colak, R., Corcione, E., Cornely, A., Cortese, O. A., Cui, F., Curcio, Y., Damaskos, D., Dasx, D., Delibegovic, K., Demetrashvili, S., Be, Z., Simone, De, Bf, B., De, Souza, Bg, H. P., De, Waele, Bh, J., Dhingra, Bi, S., Diaz, Bj, J. 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Subjects
0301 basic medicine, antibiotic agent, antifungal agent antiinfective agent, Antifungal Agents, Drug Resistance, Declaration, Inappropriate Prescribing, 030230 surgery, Global Health, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Microbial, 0302 clinical medicine, Anti-Infective Agents, Health care, Global health, Antimicrobial stewardship, Antibiotic prophylaxis, Antibiotic stewardship, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Public relations, Antimicrobial, Operative, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Humans, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Surgical Wound Infection, Surgery, Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, 3. Good health, surgical infections, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Guidelines, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, medicine, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Adults, Surgical Procedures, business.industry, Carbapenems, Therapy, business, hospitals, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; This declaration, signed by an interdisciplinary task force of 234 experts from 83 different countries with different backgrounds, highlights the threat posed by antimicrobial resistance and the need for appropriate use of antibiotic agents and antifungal agents in hospitals worldwide especially focusing on surgical infections. As such, it is our intent to raise awareness among healthcare workers and improve antimicrobial prescribing. To facilitate its dissemination, the declaration was translated in different languages.

Published
2017
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95. Effect of major lifestyle risk factors, independent and jointly, on life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease: results from the Consortium on Health and Ageing Network of Cohorts in Europe and the United States (CHANCES)

Author

Tom Wilsgaard, Felicity Lamrock, Ben Schöttker, Antonia Trichopoulou, Torben Jørgensen, Vikki O'Neill, Galatios Siganos, Frank Kee, Kari Kuulasmaa, Karen Cairns, Hermann Brenner, Paolo Boffetta, Mark G. O'Doherty, O’Doherty, M.G., Cairns, K., O’Neill, V., Lamrock, F., Jørgensen, T., Brenner, H., Schöttker, B., Wilsgaard, T., Siganos, G., Kuulasmaa, K., Boffetta, P., Trichopoulou, A., and Kee, F.

Subjects
Male, Gerontology, Aging, Epidemiology, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Epidemiologi medisinsk og odontologisk statistikk: 803, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Overweight, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Clinical medical disciplines: 750, Smoking, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Klinisk medisinske fag: 750, Middle Aged, Cardiovascular disease, 3. Good health, Europe, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Epidemiology medical and dental statistics: 803, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, medicine.symptom, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, Life Expectancy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, Obesity, Mortality, Exercise, Life Style, CHANCES, Aged, business.industry, Public health, medicine.disease, United States, Ageing, Life expectancy, Lifestyle risk factors - cardiovascular disease, business
Abstract

Seldom have studies taken account of changes in lifestyle habits in the elderly, or investigated their impact on disease-free life expectancy (LE) and LE with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using data on subjects aged 50+ years from three European cohorts (RCPH, ESTHER and Tromsø), we used multi-state Markov models to calculate the independent and joint effects of smoking, physical activity, obesity and alcohol consumption on LE with and without CVD. Men and women aged 50 years who have a favourable lifestyle (overweight but not obese, light/moderate drinker, non-smoker and participates in vigorous physical activity) lived between 7.4 (in Tromsø men) and 15.7 (in ESTHER women) years longer than those with an unfavourable lifestyle (overweight but not obese, light/moderate drinker, smoker and does not participate in physical activity). The greater part of the extra life years was in terms of “disease-free” years, though a healthy lifestyle was also associated with extra years lived after a CVD event. There are sizeable benefits to LE without CVD and also for survival after CVD onset when people favour a lifestyle characterized by salutary behaviours. Remaining a non-smoker yielded the greatest extra years in overall LE, when compared to the effects of routinely taking physical activity, being overweight but not obese, and drinking in moderation. The majority of the overall LE benefit is in disease free years. Therefore, it is important for policy makers and the public to know that prevention through maintaining a favourable lifestyle is “never too late”. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0112-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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96. Correlates of breast-feeding in a low-income population of whites, blacks, and southeast Asians.

Author

Serdula MK, Cairns KA, Williamson DF, Fuller M, and Brown JE

Subjects
Asia, Southeastern ethnology, Black People, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant Food, Infant, Newborn, Marriage, Minnesota, Nutrition Surveys, Urban Population, Black or African American, Asian, Breast Feeding, Poverty, White People
Abstract

Infant feeding was examined in 492 children in a population-based survey conducted in a low-income, urban county of St Paul, Minn. Of 41 Southeast Asian infants who were foreign born, 93% (38) had been breast-fed compared with 10% (12) of Southeast Asian infants born in the United States (n = 116). Among non-Southeast Asian infants, 73% (173) of whites (n = 237), 63% (27) of blacks (n = 43) and 65% (36) of other ethnic groups (n = 55) had been breast-fed. Among the non-Southeast Asian infants, the initiation of breast-feeding was associated with higher parental education and with being married. Ethnic group, level of poverty, and participation in the Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children during pregnancy did not appear to influence the initiation of breast-feeding. The findings indicate a higher incidence of breast-feeding than in previous surveys of low-income black and white women; however, this may reflect the higher educational level of the non-Southeast Asian study population. In contrast, the sharp decline in the incidence of breast-feeding among Southeast Asian infants who were born in the United States compared with those who were foreign born indicates the need for public health approaches to strengthen traditional breast-feeding practices.

Published
1991

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