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Skeletal muscle atrophy is a disorder characterized by reductions in muscle size and strength. Cumin extract (CE) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypoglycemic properties. Its pharmaceutical applications are hindered by its low water solubility and by its cytotoxicity when administered at high doses. In this study, we have developed a simplified water distillation method using a rotary evaporator to isolate the active components in cumin seeds. The anti-inflammatory effects of CE and its potential to ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes were evaluated. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of CE for cells was 80 μM. By encapsulating CE in chitosan nanoparticles (CECNs), an encapsulation efficacy of 87.1% was achieved with a slow release of 90% of CE after 24 h of culturing, resulting in CECNs with significantly reduced cytotoxicity (IC50, 1.2 mM). Both CE and CECNs significantly reduced the inflammatory response in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β assays. STZ-induced diabetic rats exhibited sustained high blood glucose levels (>16.5 mmol/L), small and damaged pancreatic β islets, and skeletal muscle atrophy. CE and CECN treatments ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy, recovered muscle fiber striated appearance, increased grip strength, and decreased IL-6 level. Furthermore, CE and CECNs led to a reduction of damage to the pancreas, restoring its morphological phenotype, increasing serum insulin levels, and lowering blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Taken together, treatment with CECNs over a 6-week period yielded positive ameliorative effects in STZ-induced rats of muscle atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyploidization is a major trend in plant evolution that has many advantages over diploidization. Ploidy level manipulation is a powerful breeding tool for many plant species, including medicinal plants. Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), as an annual diploid plant belonging to the Apiaceae family, is the second most popular spice worldwide. To identify effective concentrations and target tissues for inducing polyploidy in cumin, three methods of seed treatment, root treatment and apical meristem treatment were tested on a cumin ecotype from South Khorasan under greenhouse conditions. Colchicine was used in varying concentrations (0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.025% and 0%) for all assays. Different treatment times (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) were considered for seed and root treatments, while the droplet method was used to treat the apical meristem. The ploidy level of the plantlets was verified by chromosome counts, flow cytometry, and cytology traits. The results showed that the seed and root treatments were not suitable for inducing polyploidy. The most effective method for inducing polyploidy in cumin was the application of colchicine (0.05%) on the apical meristem. However, applying 0.5% and 0.2% concentrations of colchicine on the apical meristem resulted in the wilting of the majority of seedlings. The tetraploid plants showed a significant difference in stomata size and pollen grain size and shape compared to the diploid mother plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation aimed to determine the per cent growth inhibition of different fungicides against Alternaria burnsii, the causal agent of cumin blight. The study was conducted during 2020-21 at the Experiential Unit of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner. Using the poisoned food technique, eleven fungicides were tested at varying concentrations (100, 200, 300, and 500 ppm). After seven days of incubation, the radial growth and per cent growth inhibition of A. burnsii were measured. The results revealed that increasing the fungicide concentration led to greater inhibition of mycelium growth. Among the tested fungicides, Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 20% WG exhibited the highest mean inhibition (76.94%), followed by Tebuconazole 2DS (65.09%) and Pyraclostrobin 13.30% + Epoxiconazole 5% SE (58.75%). Notably, Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 20% WG at concentrations of 300 ppm and 500 ppm, as well as Tebuconazole 2DS at 500 ppm, demonstrated the highest effectiveness with cent per cent growth inhibition. On the other hand, Chlorothalonil showed the least mean growth inhibition (22.96%). The results demonstrated that as the fungicide concentration increased, there was a corresponding increase in the inhibition of A. burnsii growth. These findings highlight the potential effectiveness of selected fungicides, particularly Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 20% WG and Tebuconazole 2DS for managing cumin blight caused by A. burnsii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic, phytochemical screening, acute toxicity, and moisture content activity of the crude ethanolic seed extract of Cuminum cyminum and its n-hexane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and aqueous fraction. The ethanolic extract was used to the moisture content was found 43% evaluate analgesic, phytochemical screening, and moisture content activities. The analgesic activity was measured by acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract showed highly significant (p <0.001) analgesic activity with % inhibitions of writhing response at doses 250 mg/kg was 24.67% and 500 mg/kg was 36.95%. The moisture content was found to be 43%. The results of the study clearly indicate the present of analgesic, phytochemical screening and moisture content properties of the extract and its fractions. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, terpenoids and glycosides. Screening of analgesic property on mice by acetic acid induced method for crude extracts and its different fractions of Cuminum cyminum. At zero-hour test samples, control (1% Tween-80 solution in saline) and Diclofenac sodium were administered orally by means of a long needle with a ball shaped end. After 40 minutes acetic acid (1%) was administered intraperitoneally to each of the animals of all the groups. The forty minutes interval between the oral administration of test materials and intra-peritoneal administration of acetic acid was given to assure proper absorption of the administered samples. Five minutes after the administration of acetic acid, number of squirms or writhing were counted for each mouse for ten minutes. Each mouse of all groups was observed individually for counting the number of writhing they made in 15 minutes commencing just 5 minutes after the Intra-peritoneal administration of acetic acid solution. Full writhing was not always accomplished by the animal, because sometimes the animals started to give writhing but they did not complete it. This incomplete writhing was considered as half-writhing. Accordingly, two half writhing were taken as one full writhing. In conclusion the ethanolic extract of C. cyminum seeds showed predominately showed significant analgesic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an annual, outcross plant with medicinal properties. It is adapted to arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters such as GCA and genetic distance based on molecular markers and important traits for parent selection among diverse genotypes of cumin. For this purpose, ISSR markers and a polycross assay were conducted. Forty-nine half-sib families were obtained from the polycross test and were evaluat ed for two years under normal and drought stress conditions. The measurements were aimed at 1000-seed weight, mechanized harvest height, and seed yield. The statistical analysis guided a selection of elite parents due to the high genetic diversity among half-sib families. An estimation of narrow sense heritability and general combining ability of the studied traits revealed the contribution of both additive and non-additive effects in genetically controlling the evaluated traits. According to the general combining ability, drought tolerance indices and genetic distance of 49 genotypes, the top 10 candidates were selected for the production of drought-tolerant seeds. From a molecular perspective, the banding patterns obtained from ISSR markers showed significant genetic diversity among all genotypes and indicated a proper distance among ten selected parents. The findings of this experiment provided a starting point for cumin breeding. It is likely that a breeding program would proceed with random pollinations among the ten select genotypes under controlled conditions to produce high-yield drought-to lerant varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Early-life osteosarcoma is associated with severe morbidity and mortality, particularly affecting young children and adults. The present cancer treatment regimen is exceedingly costly, and medications like ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin have unneeded negative effects on the body. With the introduction of hyphenated technology to create medications based on plant molecules, the application of ayurvedic medicine as a new dimension (formulation, active ingredients, and nanoparticles) in the modern period is rapidly growing. The primary source of lead compounds for the development of medications for avariety of ailments is plants and their products. Traditionally, Cuminum cyminum (cumin) has been used as medication to treat a variety of illnesses and conditions. Methods: The cumin seed was successfully extracted with solvents Hexane, Chloroform, Methanol, Ethanol and Acetone. Following the solvent extraction, the extract residue was assayed in MG63 cells for their anti-proliferative properties. Results: First, we used the [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] (MTT) assay to test the extracted residue’s cytotoxicity. The results show that hexane extract Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 86 µG/mL) efficiently inhibits cells by causing programmed cell death. Furthermore, using the Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining method, the lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the reactive oxygen species assay using the Dichlorodihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCHFDA) staining method, we have demonstrated that the hexane extract causes apoptosis in MG63 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry research revealed that the hexane extract stops the cell cycle in the S phase. In addition, the hexane extract limits colony formation and the migration potential as shown by the scratch wound healing assay. Furthermore, the extract from cumin seeds exhibits remarkable bactericidal properties against infections that are resistant to drugs. Gas chromatography analysis was used to quantitatively determine the hexane and methanolic extract based on the experimental data. The primary chemical components of the extract are revealed by the study, and these help the malignant cells heal. The present study finds that there is scientific validity in using cumin seeds as a novel method of anticancer therapy after undergoing both intrinsic and extrinsic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Camel calf’s diarrhea is considered the chief economic loss in the camelid population. There is currently no vaccine licensed to prevent colibacillosis in camel calves. The new era of bacterial antibiotic resistance explains the treatment failure and the high mortality and morbidity associated with the disease. Current protective treatments have thus far limited efficacy and need to be replaced. Due to their antimicrobial properties and safety, natural products are recently finding a capital role in infection management. Aims: The current study explores Escherichia coli F17 susceptibility as a clinical strain isolated from diarrheic camel calves to a wide panel of natural products. Methods: Agar diffusion method, integrity of cell membrane, hydrophobicity of bacterial surface, biofilm assays, and motility were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Coffea, Retama raetam, Moringa oleifera, Juniperus phoenicea, Uritica dioica, Camellia sinensis, Lavandula angustifolia, and Cuminum cyminum extracts against isolated bacteria. Results: Interestingly, all eight tested extracts have the damaging ability of E. coli F17’s cell membrane and cause the nucleic acid release after 12 hours. Escherichia coli F17 strain has the surface of hydrophobicity which changed after contact with extracts of the plant. Moreover, the motility of the studied bacteria changed after exposure to all plant extracts. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that all extracts, exempt U. dioica, can remove up to 50% biofilm of E. coli biomass as compared with the control. Natural extracts can be used as potential antimicrobial agents to mitigate diarrhea in camel calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was determination and identification of phenolic and flavonoids fraction in addition to the antioxidant activities of used herbals (curcumin, black pepper and cumin) by HPLC in addition to evaluating the effects of such different spicy food consumptions on body weight reduction between obese animal models. Rats were randomly divided to ten groups fed; Black Papers, Cumin and Curcumin either alone or in different mixtures additionally to groups fed Orlistat (control body weight loss), Non-obese negative control group (C-ve) and Obese control positive group (C+ve). Blood glucose and body weight levels were measured at the beginning and end of the experimental in addition to rats' lipid profiles (total cholesterol; triglycerides;, high dense lipoprotein cholesterol; low dense lipoprotein cholesterol; and very low dense lipoprotein cholesterol). Results presented that obese models received (Cumin) Cu/(Curcumin) Cur mixture have the biggest effective significant treatment (about -80% body weight reduction) followed by both groups fed mixtures of (Curcumin) Cur/(Black Papers) Bp and (Curcumin) Cur/(Black Papers) Bp/(Cumin) Cu; decreased by -68.0 and -65.6g respectively. The study could be more valuable causing significant body weight reduction between obese models, however human studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of cumin essential oil (CEO) supplementation on levels of certain gene expression related to antioxidant, apoptotic, detoxific, and heat shock mechanisms in the breast meat and ileum of heat-stressed broilers. The study was conducted on a 2 × 6 factorial design (heat stress + feed additive) on 600 day-old male broiler chicks for a period of 42 days. From day 7 to 42, although broilers in heat stress groups (HT) were exposed to constant chronic heat stress (36 °C), others were housed at thermoneutral ambient temperature (TN). The chicks in both conditions were fed with 6 experimental diets: C0 (basal diet with no additive), ANTIB (basal diet + 100 mg/kg chloramphenicol), VITE (basal diet + 50 IU α-tocopherol), C2 (basal diet + 200 mg/kg CEO), C4 (basal diet + 400 mg/kg CEO), C6 (basal diet+ 600 mg/kg CEO). The results showed that heat stress upregulated (except for Bcl-2) the genes related to antioxidant, apoptosis, detoxification, and heat shock mechanism. However, cumin essential oil increased the dose-dependently positive effect on certain genes in tissues of the heat-stressed broilers and downregulated (except for Bcl-2) these genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the valuable medicinal plants that is cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effects of humic acid and seaweed extract under drought stress on the seed yield, essential oil yield and physiological characteristics of cumin in the Yasouj region, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. The experiment followed a split-plot factorial design based on a completely randomized block design with three replications, during two years. The three studied factors were three irrigation regimes: irrigation after 30% (control), 70% (moderate drought stress), and 90% (severe drought stress), of soil moisture consumption, two levels of humic acid (0 and 300 mg/L), and two levels of seaweed extract consumption (0 and 2%). The results indicated that under severe drought stress, there was a significant decrease in seed yield and essential oil yield by 32 and 10.9% compared to the control, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that both humic acid and seaweed extract factors had a positive impact on seed yield and essential oil yield when applied individually. However, the combined foliar spraying of seaweed extract (2%) and humic acid (300 mg/L) proved to be the most effective treatment in mitigating the adverse effects of drought stress. This improvement was attributed to enhanced physiological parameters such as total chlorophyll, total chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll b, proline accumulation, and antioxidant activity (peroxidase and catalase). This study emphasizes the potential role of humic acid and seaweed extract as effective strategies for alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress on cumin plants, particularly in areas where drought poses a significant challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Cuminaldehyde (CUM), the main bioactive component of Cuminum cyminum, also called 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde, is are used for potent biomedical applications. • CUM for possible anticancer (colon cancer HCT-116 and cervical cancer HeLa cells), antibacterial, and antifungal activities has been investigated. • In addition, the anticancer and antibacterial efficacy of CUM has been verified by molecular docking and in silico/ADMET analysis. Many people have recently been diagnosed with cancer and other multi-resistant infections. These illnesses are now considered among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. In addition, infectious organisms such as microbes and viruses are responsible for around 2 million new cancer cases. Cuminaldehyde (CUM), the main bioactive component of Cuminum cyminum, also called 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde, is the most prevalent in C. cyminum seeds. Extensive research has been conducted on natural compounds in general; however, the investigation of CUM, a unique component of cumin oil, is still in its preliminary phases. Therefore, this study aimed to screen CUM for possible anticancer (colon cancer HCT-116 and cervical cancer HeLa cells), antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The number of DAPI-stained cells was lower in the CUM treatment group compared to the control group. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) for Gram-negative bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-PA), and multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR- A. baumannii), were 6.25/12.5, 12.5/25, and 6.25/12.5 mM, respectively, while the MICs for Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were 25/50 and 6.25/12.5 mM, respectively. However, MIC and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values against Candida albicans ATCC 14053 were 6.25 and 12.5 mM, respectively. In addition, the anticancer and antibacterial efficacy of CUM has also been analyzed by an in silico molecular docking study, which demonstrated noteworthy binding energy with the sterol 14-alpha demethylase (-5.53 kcal/mol), followed by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (-5.35 kcal/mol), poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine synthase (-4.90 kcal/mol), GDP-mannose dehydrogenase (-4.35 kcal/mol), and intact bacterial peptidoglycan (-2.65 kcal/mol). Our predicted results need to be further validated through in vitro and in vivo studies before they can be applied to the development of therapeutic compound against cancer and infectious diseases, two of humanity's gravest health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive study spanning three kharif and rabi seasons (2018–2019, 2020–2021, and 2021–2022) was conducted to investigate the intricate interactions among different cropping sequences and their impacts on cumin yield, financial outcomes, and soil microbial dynamics. The experiment was designed using a randomized block design, comprising eight distinct treatment combinations, each replicated three times. The results revealed compelling insights into the potential of specific cropping sequences to enhance multiple aspects of agricultural sustainability. The results revealed that the highest cumin yield (averaging 592 kg ha−1 over the three years) was achieved when cumin was cultivated subsequent to pearl millet, showcasing significant increases of 14.28% and 23.07% over the cumin–fallow and cumin–cotton cropping systems, respectively. When it came to cumin equivalent yield, the cumin–cotton cropping sequence (985 kg ha−1) emerged as the most favorable, closely followed by cumin–groundnut (968 kg ha−1). Furthermore, analyzing net realizations and benefit–cost ratios demonstrated that the cumin–pearl millet cropping sequence stood out with the maximum values (₹88,235 ha−1 and 2.7, respectively), followed by the cumin–mung bean cropping system (₹84,164 ha−1 and 2.47, respectively). Among the various cropping sequences studied, cumin–mung bean, cumin–cluster bean, cumin–pearl millet and cumin–groundnut were recorded as statistically similar in terms of soil microbial enzymatic activities viz. fluorescein diacetate (FDA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and microbial biomass carbon and were at par over the cumin–sorghum, cumin–sesame, cumin–cotton and cumin–fallow cropping systems. These findings emphasize the significance of strategic crop sequencing for sustainable agriculture practices that simultaneously optimize productivity and maintain soil health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The seeds of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) are widely used as the spice for their distinctive aroma, they are also commonly used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases. Methods: The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of cumin extracts and their antimicrobial effects against six oral pathogens isolated from dental caries and supragingival plaque. The extracts were obtained by maceration with acetone, ethanol and methanol at 70% (v/v). Result: The greatest content of polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins, was obtained with acetone (42±3.46 mg GAE/g DW), (24.49±1.24 mg EQ/g DW) and (34.95±8.71 mg EC/g DW) respectively. HPLC analysis performed to determine acetonic extract components revealed the presence of p-coumaric acid, diosmin as the most abundant compounds and several apigenins. Antioxidant activity of cumin extracts showed the greatest activity with the acetonic extract (940±42 µg/mL) followed very closely by the ethanolic extract (960±50 µg/mL). The agar well diffusion method has shown that all the extracts have an antimicrobial power against all the Gram+strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration values recorded by the studied extracts vary from 12.5 to 200 mg/mL. These findings suggest that cumin seed extracts might be effective as antibacterial agent against oral pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The red flour beetle Tribolium castanium was rearing in the laboratory on its natural food, which is mainly composed of flour or rice, with laboratory temperature (28 + 2) and humidity (50 + 10%) and various life stages were obtained for this insect. The results of the current study showed that the aqueous sweet cumin seed extract affected the increase in the mortality percentages of red flour beetle larvae and adults with the increase in the concentrations used, and there was a direct relationship between the concentrations used (5, 10, 15, 20) mg/ml for the aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa seeds and the adults and larval mortality percentages of the red flour beetle. The highest larval mortality was 100% when using the concentration of 20 mg/ml after 192 hours of treatment, while the highest mortality percentage for adults was 100% when using the concentration of 20 mg/ml after 192 hours of treatment. The highest mortality percentages were recorded for adults and larvae on the first day of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluation of efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seed powder against Callosobruchus chinensis L. infesting green gram revealed a dose-dependent adult mortality and a positive correlation with period of exposure. A complete adult mortality was observed with P. nigrum seed powder @ 1 g/100 g seed as against 60% adult mortality with C. cyminum at 72 hr after treatment (HAT). The LC50 values of P. nigrum and C. cyminum seed powders were observed as 0.16 and 1.47 g/100 g of seed at 48 HAT. Both P. nigrum and C. cyminum seed powders showed strong ovicidal properties, and affecting the adult emergence to an extent of 0 and 6% when used @ 10 g/100 g seed as against 90-91% in untreated control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Essential oils from aerial parts of six aromatic plants were analysed by GC-MS. The major compounds identified were γ-terpinene (11.5%), cuminaldehyde (26.6%) and γ-terpinen-7-al (40.6%) in Cuminum cyminum, trans-anethol (95.2%) in Pimpinella anisum, α-pinene (11.6%), limonene (21.0%), β-caryophyllene (22.3%) and α-humulene (16.7%) in Lippia integrifolia, limonene (40.8%) and artemisia ketone (19.3%) in Lippia junelliana, trans-β-ocimene (15.6%), 4-ethyl-4-methyl-1-hexene (24.5%), trans-tagetone (20.5%) and verbenone (27.2%) in Tagetes minuta, 1,8-cineole (17.9%),elixene (10.3%) and spathulenol (13.8%) in Aloysia gratissima. Oils with strong insecticidal activity on Carpophilus dimidiatus and Oryzaephilus mercator were from P. anisum (LC50 = 4 µl/L; LC100 = 10 µl/L) and T. minuta (LC50=10.19-12.57 µl/L; LC100=20 µl/L). Scents of C. cyminum and L. junelliana were strong insecticides on O. mercator (LC50=7.02-7.17 µl/L; LC100=10.00-20.00 µl/L). The insecticidal activity was associated to the whole content of C10 molecules and oxygenated constituents. The P. anisum oil is promising as protective agent of nut products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted on strongyle infected calves from organized and unorganized cattle farms located in and around Mhow (Indore, India) to assess the efficacy of polyherbal formulation (A mixture of Azadirchta indica, Momordica charantia, Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Brassica nigra, Musa paradisiaca, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma longa and Piper nigrum) and fenbendazole. Total 12 infected calves (>500 EPG of strongyle) were randomly categorized in 2 groups of 6 calves in each. Group A was administered with polyherbal formulation, and Group B with fenbendazole. The anthelmintic efficacy of polyherbal formulation and fenbendazole was evaluated by faecal egg per gram (EPG) of strongyle and haemato-biochemical parameters. The pre-treatment mean EPG in both treated group were reduced significantly (p<0.05) on day 7, 14 and 21 post-treatment. Polyherbal formulation was found more effective against strongyle infection in comparison to fenbendazole. The values of Hb, PCV, TEC were increased significantly and TLC were decreased non-significantly in both polyherbal formulation and fenbendazole treated groups on day 21 post-treatment. Polyherbal formulation treated group showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in neutrophil, eosinophil count, whereas increased lymphocyte count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Sleep deprivation and its consequences in athletes, especially before competitions, are issues that highly affect the athlete performance. So, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cumin intake following partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats and some cardiorespiratory indices in student-athletes. Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental and the research design was crosssectional. The statistical population included all female student-athletes of Imam Khomeini International university (Age: 18-25 years), of whom 8 students were chosen based on convenience sampling method (Age: 20.01± 53 0.53; height 163.50± 6.57 cm; weight 56.54± 2 2.54 kg; body mass index 21.19 ± 1.85 kg / m²; maximum oxygen consumption 87 58.30±5.5 kg / min and heart rate 93.63 ±5.15 beats per minute). The main group consisted of 8 subjects who were initially tested as a control group; they were then tested again as placebo and supplement groups after a seven-day wash out period, respectively. PSD was performed for 4 hours the night before the test. Exhaustion was measured and recorded by Bruce treadmill test; cardiorespiratory parameters, carbohydrate and fat oxidation were analyzed by gas analyzer. In the cumin supplement group, 75 mg was taken (the night before). Repeated analysis of variance was used at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The results suggested that carbohydrate oxidation increased at the time of maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) in the cumin supplement group (p≤0.05). Carbohydrate oxidation and respiratory exchange ratio also increased at the time of anaerobic threshold and Vo2max in cumin supplement group (p≤0.05). Vo2max after exercise increased with cumin supplementation and despite PSD (p≤ <0.05) and heart rate after exercise decreased (p≤ <0.05). Conclusion: In summary, it can be said that taking cumin pills improves the performance of sleep deprived athletes. Since achieving excellent results depends on optimal performance, so taking cumin supplement after sleep deprivation is recommended for athletes, especially before competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimum germination and seedling establishment are important stages in the life cycle of plants with dormant seeds. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of seed priming on the germination indices and seedling growth of cumin seeds with different lifetimes. Cumin seeds of different lifetimes (freshly harvested seeds, 12 and 24 months old) were soaked in distilled water (hydropriming), KH2PO4 (1 and 2%), NaH2PO4 (1 and 2%), ascorbic acid (AA; 100 and 200 mg L-1) and Gibberellic acid (GA; 100 and 200 mg.L-1) at 4 °C and 20 °C for 12 or 24 h. Seed priming treatments caused significant improvement in the germination of seeds with all three lifetimes. In 12 and 24 months old seeds, seed priming with NaH2PO4 and AA were more effective in improving the germination indices compared to other priming composition. However, in freshly harvested seeds, due to relative dormancy, treatment with GA was more effective compared to the other priming treatments. In the most of germination indices, seed priming at 20 °C along with 24 h showed higher effectiveness compared to other priming temperature and duration combinations. The overall results showed that the response of cumin seeds to different priming treatments depends on seed age.

This study was performed to check the effect of different essential oils on chitosan and gelatin-based antimicrobial films. Films prepared from biopolymers contain better mechanical strength but lack in moisture barrier properties. In order to increase the moisture barrier properties of chitosan and gelatin-based films in the current research work, different essential oils, i.e., thyme, cinnamon, basil, ginger, and cumin, at varying concentrations (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) were incorporated. Moreover, the concentrations of glycerol (plasticizer) and emulsifier (Tween 20) were kept constant to maintain homogeneity in the research. Antimicrobial films composed of gelatin and chitosan infused with essential oils were evaluated for their physicochemical (emulsion stability, particle size, and viscosity), FT-IR, microstructural (scanning electron microscopy), moisture barrier (water vapor permeability), and antimicrobial properties (E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus). Study outcomes elucidated significant variations (p < 0.05) as the concentration of essential oil was increased in the film solutions. An increased concentration of essential oil (2.0%) significantly enhanced the moisture barrier properties (1.12 ± 0.03 g.mm/kPa.h.m2). Nevertheless, the tensile strength decreased (38.60 ± 1.4 to 31.50 ± 1.5 MPa) from 1 to 2%. The increase in essential oil concentration in the emulsion-based films also influenced their physicochemical characteristics, such as droplet size, viscosity, and emulsion stability. At lower concentrations (1.0%), films exhibited a uniform microstructure but lacked moisture barrier properties. Antimicrobial properties against E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus showed an increased inhibition effect as the concentration of essential oil was increased. Of the essential oil-based films, ginger- and basil-based films showed greater inhibition effects as compared to the other essential oils. Overall, antimicrobial films containing a 1.5% concentration of ginger and basil oil showed better results as compared to the other treatments for mechanical, moisture barrier, and antimicrobial properties, while films with a 2.0% oil concentration showed better antimicrobial and moisture barrier properties but lacked in mechanical properties. Essential oil-based antimicrobial films have prospective applications in foods, specifically in fresh and processed food items such as seafood, meat, chicken, and sausages.

Abstract Retardation of quality loss of seafood has been a new concept in recent years. This study's main objective was to evaluate the microbial, chemical, and sensory attributes of shrimp coated with alginate sodium nanoparticles containing Zataria multiflora and Cuminum cyminum essential oils (EOs) during refrigerated storage. At the end of storage time (15 days storage at 4°C), the pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) amounts in shrimps coated with the alginate nanoparticles were 7.62, 1.14 mg MDA/kg, and 117 mg/100 g which were significantly (p

The current study aims of the current study is to establish cell suspension cultures of the medicinal plant, cumin Cuminum cyminum L. by the application of multiple drops and cross-section techniques. These methods were used in cultivating cell suspensions and in vitro plant regeneration. Leaf, stem, hypocotyl and root explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations (0.05, 0.5 and 1.0 mg.l-1) of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg.l-1) benzyl adenine BA for callus production. The results indicated the high response of cumin, as the percentage of callus initiation was 100%.The plant regeneration percentage reached 91.6%. Moreover, a friable callus of hypocotyls was appropriate for initiation of cell suspension culture in MS medium with 0.5mg.l-1 NAA and 1.0 mg.l-1benzyl adenine (BA). The best density for primordial callus formation was 51.0 ×105 cells ml-1 in both multiple-drops and cross-sections embedding methods. Callus that had been produced from multi drops and sectors had the ability for shoot regeneration. This study clarified the efficiency of these techniques in establishing cell suspension culture and shoot regeneration, which could be promising sources for high production of active compounds in cumin plant.

In this research, we investigated the impact of drought stress on secondary metabolite production in cumin plants and the associated transcriptional changes in biosynthetic genes. Drought stress induced a significant increase in the levels of beta-carotene, lycopene, terpenes, anthocyanin, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and alkaloids, indicating an adaptive metabolic shift in response to adverse conditions. Concurrently, there was an upregulation in the expression of key biosynthetic genes, including Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 3-deoxy-7-phosphoheptulonate synthase (DAHP synthase), Deoxy xylose phosphate reductase (DXS), 3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), and Geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS), which corroborated the metabolite findings. Notably, while most secondary metabolites exhibited an increasing trend under drought stress, flavonoids displayed a disproportionate elevation, even as there was an overall decrease in phenolic compounds and other metabolites. This observation suggests the potential activation of alternative flavonoid synthesis pathways or the conversion of phenolic compounds to flavonoids during stress. Strong correlations were identified between the expression of biosynthetic genes and their respective metabolite concentrations, underscoring the central role of transcriptional regulation in secondary metabolite synthesis during drought stress. Collectively, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional and metabolic adaptations of cumin plants when exposed to drought stress. Such insights can be pivotal in designing drought-resilient crops, with significant implications for food security amidst escalating climatic challenges.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), an important spice crop belonging to the Apiaceae family is infected by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cumini (Foc) to cause wilt disease, one of the most devastating diseases of cumin adversely affects its production. As immune responses of cumin plants against the infection of Foc are not well studied, this research aimed to identify the genes and pathways involved in responses of cumin (cv. GC-2, GC-3, GC-4, and GC-5) to the wilt pathogen. Differential gene expression analysis revealed a total of 2048, 1576, 1987, and 1174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GC-2, GC-3, GC-4, and GC-5, respectively. In the resistant cultivar GC-4 (resistant against Foc), several important transcripts were identified. These included receptors, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating and scavenging enzymes, non-enzymatic compounds, calcium ion (Ca2+) transporters and receptors, Rproteins, and PR-proteins. The expression of these genes is believed to play crucial roles in conferring resistance against Foc. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the up-regulated DEGs showed significant enrichment of 19, 91, 227, and 55 biological processes in GC-2, GC-3, GC-4, and GC-5, respectively. Notably, the resistant cultivar GC-4 exhibited enrichment in key GO terms such as 'secondary metabolic process', 'response to reactive oxygen species', 'phenylpropanoid metabolic process', and 'hormone-mediated signaling pathway'. Furthermore, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed the enrichment of 28, 57, 65, and 30 pathways in GC-2, GC-3, GC-4, and GC-5, respectively, focusing on the up-regulated DEGs. The cultivar GC-4 showed enrichment in pathways related to steroid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, limonene and pinene degradation, and carotenoid biosynthesis. The activation or upregulation of various genes and pathways associated with stress resistance demonstrated that the resistant cultivar GC-4 displayed enhanced defense mechanisms against Foc. These findings provide valuable insights into the defense responses of cumin that could contribute to the development of cumin cultivars with improved resistance against Foc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose No research has been published on the effect of chemical processing on the degradability and nutritional value of cumin residue. Chemical processing, such as urea, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide, has been widely investigated to increase the nutritional value of grain residues, but information on cumin residue is limited. The effects of untreated and treated (water, sodium hydroxide, urea, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide) cumin residue on the ruminal digestibility and chemical composition were investigated in this study. Method After treating cumin residues with the abovementioned chemical compounds, the chemical composition was evaluated with the standard procedures. Batch culture and gas production procedures were used to test the digestibility and gas production of treated and untreated cumin residue. Results The chemical compositions of cumin residues were significantly altered by chemical treatments (P< 0.05). Processing cumin residues with urea, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hydroxide reduced the dry matter (DM) compared to the control treatment (P< 0.01). Processing cumin residues with sodium hydroxide significantly reduced DM digestibility compared to the control. The highest levels of DM digestibility and microbial mass production were also found in water treatment. Urea treatment increased the yield of microbial mass-produced compared to other treatments (P< 0.01). Conclusion In general, water and urea treatments increased the cumin residue digestibility more than other treatments, but sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide treatments did not increase the cumin residue digestibility as expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molluscicidal effects of three ethanolic crude extracts, cumin (Cuminum cyminum), golden shower (Cassia fistula) and moringa (Moringa oleifera) were evaluated against Monacha cartisiana (O.F.Müller) (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae) land snail under laboratory conditions. Three methods of bioassay were used, i.e. contact, leafdipping and bait techniques. The results indicated that the ethanol crude extract of cumin was the most toxic extract for the M. cartisiana land snail followed by moringa extracts while golden shower extract had the lowest effect. Results showed that the contact technique of the tested plant extracts was the most effective method of application. The LC50 values of cumin, moringa and golden shower extracts when applied as contact were 235.9, 266.0 and 292.8 ppm, respectively. The plant constituents present in the three extracts that may be responsible for their molluscicidal activity are sterols and triterpenes, alkaloids, carbohydrates and glycosides, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the significant problems of our time and future is environmental pollution. There are many factors that cause environmental pollution and the main concerns are waste material. Since production, consumption and service activities have increased with rapid industrialization and increasing population. Waste assessment is a process that includes minimization, separate collection at source, intermediate storage, pre-treatment, the establishment of waste transfer centers, recovery and disposal when necessary, which are qualified as outputs as a result of activities such as production, application and consumption. The purpose of waste assessment is to ensure the process of wastes generated by human action without harming the environment and human health. In this context, re-evaluation of agricultural and aquaculture products that turn into waste after being used as a product is important both in terms of economic and environmental pollution. Herein, the use of cumin black pulp, which is waste at the end of black seed oil production, as a bio-based filler material in ethylene-propylene diene rubber (EPDM) was examined. Accordingly, the effects of cumin black pulp added to the EPDM matrix at different content on the rheological, mechanical and crosslinking degree of EPDM were determined. With the use of 10 phr cumin black pulp, the mechanical and rheological properties of EPDM and the degree of crosslinking increased. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the EPDM/CB composites increased up to 11 MPa and 480% with the addition of 10 phr CB, respectively. In addition, it was revealed that the vulcanization parameters were also enhanced. Consequently, it has been concluded as a result of the analysis that the waste cumin black pulp can be used as a filling material in the EPDM matrix. Thus, it has been seen that a product in the state of waste can be recovered and become an economic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is an important spice crop with high agronomic and economic importance. A direct regeneration system using embryogenic explants in cumin was established to develop a highly efficient transformation system. Cumin embryos were utilized as an explant which shows higher regeneration efficiency on Gamborg's B5 media supplemented with 2.0 µM BA+0.5 µM NAA. Transformation of pSIM24-eGFP plasmid in cumin was carried out through Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 and biolistic gene gun method. The transgenic explants were confirmed for green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene integration through PCR analysis. The Agrobacterium-mediated transformed explants showed higher regeneration and transient transformation efficiency with 0.5 OD600 of cell density and 24 h of co-cultivation compared to 0.4 OD600 with 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h co-cultivation time and 0.5 OD600 with 48 and 72 h co-cultivation time. It was further confirmed by GFP expression analysis through real-time PCR. Gene gun-mediated transformed explants were cultured on different osmolytes (mannitol, sorbitol, and sucrose) containing media to reduce bombardment stress on explants. Compared to mannitol and sucrose-containing media, transformed explants cultured on sorbitol-containing media showed higher rates of regeneration and transformation. These results were further confirmed by real-time PCR analysis as prominent GFP expression was found in explants cultured on sorbitol-containing media compared to other osmolytes containing media. In the current study, we have developed an efficient transient transformation system with higher gene expression and regeneration efficiency. Key message: Successfully optimized Agrobacterium- and gene gun-mediated cumin plant transformation techniques. The transient transformation efficiency and GFP gene expression studies were carried out in T0 transgenics of cumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between small intestine morphological values and body weight gain of slow-growing broilers with cumin essential oil (CEO) added to their diets at different levels and raised in a free-range system were investigated. A total of 450 slow-growing, 1-day-old chicks were used. The animals were divided into three groups and fed with 0 ppm (control group), 200 ppm (C200 group), or 400 ppm (C400 group) CEO added to their feed for 70 days. According to the results of the morphological analysis, while diets with CEO decreased the villus and crypt dimensions in the duodenum and ileum, they decreased only villus dimensions and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunum. The morphological parameters of the small intestine showed positive correlations with each other in all groups and were found to be statistically significant. However, differences were observed in the correlations between body weight gain and morphological intestinal parameters. Body weight gain, villus width, and crypt depth in the control group were positively correlated, while the same traits tended to show negatively correlations in the C200 and C400 groups, but not in a statistically significant manner. It was concluded that 200 and 400 ppm CEO added to the feed of slow-growing broilers raised in a free-range system have a suppressive effect on the morphological parameters of the small intestine and, according to correlation analyse, it has a slowing effect on body weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the proximate composition, mineral content, fatty acid profile, phytosterol, and tocopherol composition of seven Apiaceae seeds (Coriandrum sativum, Petroselinum crispum, Carum carvi, Pimpinellla anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Cuminum cyminum , and Ammodaucus leucotrichus), grown in four different regions of Morocco. The proximate composition (moisture, ash, oil, and protein contents), energy value, and mineral profile were determined from the seed powder. While fatty acid, phytosterol, and tocopherol composition were determined from the soxhlet extracted oils. The results obtained during this study showed significant difference between the seven analyzed seeds. Moisture content varied between (6.76±0.03 and 8.68±0.08 g/100g), ash content ranged between (5.17 ± 0.05 g/100g and 6.64 ± 0.02 g/100g), oil content varied between (10.63 ± 0.53 and 14.38 ± 0.37 g/100g), protein content ranged between (7.68 ± 0.18 and 13.65 ± 0.12), carbohydrate content varied from (57.35 ± 0.52 to 67.21 ± 0.92 g/100g), and energy value varied from (385.37 ± 1.66 to 408.14 ± 1.94 kcal/100g). The major macroelement detected in all samples was S (1199.71 ± 0.42 to 2232.77 ± 7.72 mg/kg) followed by K (118.773 ± 0.7 to 199.812 ± 0.002 mg/kg), Ca (69.14 ± 0.18 to 121.23 ± 0.63 mg/kg), and P (21.96 ± 0.01 to 52.46 ± 0.08 mg/kg), while Fe (0.82 ± 0.01 to 7.36 ± 0.03 mg/kg) was the main microelement detected. Total phenol content ranged from 10.51 ± 0.64 mg GAE/g DM to 28.51 ± 1.81 mg GAE/g DM. Among the tested seeds, Foeniculum vulgare, Cuminum cyminum, Coriandrum sativum , and Carum carvi exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Eleven fatty acids were detected in our samples with a dominance of petroselinic acid (53.15 ± 0.05 to 80.65 ± 0.05 g/100g), and linoleic acid (7.7 ± 0.1 to 31.25 ± 0.05 g/100g). Total tocopherol contents ranged from (102.81 ± 0.79 to 359.07 ± 0.13 mg/100g) with dominance of γ-tocopherol, ⍺-tocotrienol, and β-tocopherol. Total sterol content varied between (2556.24 ± 9.34 to 9339.33 ± 1.48 mg/kg). The major compound was β-sitosterol (997.55 ± 4.2 to 4362.15 ± 7.28 mg/kg), and the second was Δ-5-stigmasterol (632.73 ± 3.9 to 2908.36 ± 7.04 mg/kg). Moroccan Apiaceae seeds can be considered as a good source of energy, minerals, petroselinic acid, phytosterol, and tocopherol, which suggests an interesting nutritional, cosmetic, and medicinal applications. [Display omitted] • Nutritional value, and mineral profile of seven Apiaceae seeds, commonly used in Morocco. • Moroccan Apiaceae seed oils are characterized by the presence of petroselinic acid as main fatty acid. • Detection of β-sitosterol as major phytosterol in all studied seed oil. • Identification of γ-tocopherol, ⍺-tocotrienol, and β-tocopherol as dominance tocopherols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the current research was to determine the impact of cumin and green tea on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of amlodipine in hypertensive rats. Wistar rats were given 40 mg/kg of L-NAME orally every day for two weeks in order to induce hypertension. The groups treated with herbs received L-NAME with a daily oral dose of cumin (200 mg/kg) and green tea (200 mg/kg), respectively. After the treatment for 14 days, blood pressure was measured at specific intervals using a tail-cuff BP-measurement device for 24 h. For oral pharmacokinetics of amlodipine (single dose, 1 mg/kg), the blood samples were collected at predetermined intervals up to 24 h, and plasma samples were analyzed using UPLC-LC MS/MS. In comparison to the hypertensive control group, green tea and cumin significantly decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressures, as well as mean arterial pressures. Green tea has demonstrated a more prominent effect on pharmacodynamic of amlodipine compared to cumin. The rats treated with amlodipine, cumin + amlodipine, and green tea + amlodipine exhibited AUC0-t of 38.85 ± 14.8 ng h/mL, 52.05 ± 10.2 ng h/mL, and 114.73 ± 24.94 ng h/mL, respectively. In addition, it has been observed that co-administration of green tea and cumin increases the Cmax and T1/2 of amlodipine. The results indicated a potential interaction between amlodipine and the investigated herbs in hypertensive rats. Hence, precautions should be taken while concurrently administrating amlodipine with the investigated herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimum germination and seedling establishment are important stages in the life cycle of plants with dormant seeds. This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of seed priming on the germination indices and seedling growth of cumin seeds with different lifetimes. Cumin seeds of different lifetimes (freshly harvested seeds, 12 and 24 months old) were soaked in distilled water (hydropriming), KH2PO4 (1 and 2%), NaH2PO4 (1 and 2%), ascorbic acid (AA; 100 and 200 mg L-1) and Gibberellic acid (GA; 100 and 200 mg.L-1) at 4 °C and 20 °C for 12 or 24 h. Seed priming treatments caused significant improvement in the germination of seeds with all three lifetimes. In 12 and 24 months old seeds, seed priming with NaH2PO4 and AA were more effective in improving the germination indices compared to other priming composition. However, in freshly harvested seeds, due to relative dormancy, treatment with GA was more effective compared to the other priming treatments. In the most of germination indices, seed priming at 20 °C along with 24 h showed higher effectiveness compared to other priming temperature and duration combinations. The overall results showed that the response of cumin seeds to different priming treatments depends on seed age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although, oral health is important for its role in the overall health but oral health care does not have an integrated model. So, today meeting the needs of oral health requires strong interactions between health research policy and oral health researchThe aim of this study investigates the effects of ethanolic crud extract of Cuminum cyminum L. on S. mutans in terms of antibacterial, antibiofilm and, its cytotoxicity properties. The present experimental study which has conducted in 2019-2020. The crude alcoholic extract of C. cyminum seeds was prepared by the maceration method. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of crude ethanolic extract of C. cyminum was determined by micro-dilution method according to CLSI protocol on Streptococcus mutans (PTCC1683). In addition, its antibiofilm effect was investigated by the previous method using crystal violet. As well, an MTT test was performed to evaluate its cytotoxicity on SW480 cells. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS V.22 software. MIC and MBC concentrations of C. cyminum extract on S. mutans were found to be 0.62 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL. The effect of inhibiting biofilm production was also observed at a concentration of 40 mg/mL. In MTT assay showed a greater cytotoxic effect on SW480 cancer cells at higher concentrations for longer periods of time. The present study showed that the cumin ethanolic crude extract has antimicrobial properties, inhibits the growth of S. mutans biofilms and has no toxic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A split-plot factorial experiment was conducted with 3 replications to evaluate the impacts of different type and time applications of stress modulators on the yield and yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) under rainfed and irrigated conditions during 2016-2018. The studied factors were the cultivation method at 2 levels (rainfed and irrigated conditions) as the main plot and times of foliar applications with 2 levels (vegetative and vegetative + flowering growth stage) and sources of stress modulators with the 4 levels (control, 1.5 M Glycine Betaine (GB), 10-7 mM Brassinosteroids (BRs), and 1.5 mM Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP)). The results showed that irrigated cultivation led to the productions of higher plant heights, more lateral branches, larger numbers of umbrellas and seeds per plant, greater 1000-seed weights, more grain and essential oil yields, and less essential oil contents as compared to the treatments undergoing the rainfed condition. The lateral branches, umbrellas per plant, seeds per plant, and 1000-seed weights were affected by the application times. The foliar applications of Brassinosteroids (BRs) increased plant heights, lateral branches, umbrellas per plant, seeds per plant, 1000-seed weights, and grain and essential oil yields with less essential oil contents compared to those of the control. Under the irrigated condition, spraying of BRs enhanced plant height (7.64%), lateral branches (3.57%), umbrellas per plant (14.3%), seeds per plant (47.4%), 1000-seed weight (3.69%), and grain yield (74.5%), and lowered essential oil content (11.22%) when compared to those undergoing the rain-fed condition. Overall, the modulators for reducing drought stress impacts by elevating the yields and yield components could be classified as BRs>GB>SNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field survey conducted in Rajasthan, India, unveiled the widespread occurrence of Fusarium wilt in cumin fields that have been continuously cultivated for approximately 4 to 5 years. The incidence of this disease exceeded 30%, affecting cumin plants at all stages of growth, with severe symptoms ultimately resulting in the complete mortality of the plants. In laboratory studies, a bacterial isolate known as Bacillus licheniformis (CSR-D4) exhibited remarkable in vitro effectiveness, significantly inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumnini (FOC) mycelial growth by an impressive 79.85%. In controlled pot experiments, cumin plants treated with B. licheniformis (CSR-D4) displayed milder symptoms than untreated plants, demonstrating a notably higher tolerance level, with only a 15% disease incidence as opposed to 90% in untreated plants. Further analysis of defense enzymes revealed elevated chlorophyll, carotenoid, peroxidase activity levels, and proline content in cumin plants treated with B. licheniformis (CSR-D4). Field assessments confirmed the efficacy of this bacterial isolate, as it successfully suppressed wilt incidence by 60%, significantly increased crop yield by 71.16%, and promoted root and shoot growth. Notably, applying B. licheniformis (CSR-D4) did not negatively impact beneficial microorganisms, and no adverse phytotoxic symptoms were observed. This study underscores the considerable potential of B. licheniformis (CSR-D4) in managing Fusarium wilt, offering an environmentally friendly and highly effective solution to enhance the health and productivity of pea plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A accessible ultramodern life brings along with it a host of problems including acidity and Gastrointestinal issues. Poor eating habits, racy food and guzzling too numerous carbonated drinks Disrupts the pH balance and natural foliage of the stomach causing both bloating and acidity making Antacids the most common tone- specified specifics available over the counter. Common Dental Procedures and oral conditions requires dentists to define NSAIDs and antibiotics which alleviates Acidity. The antacids act by negativing the acid in the stomach and by inhibiting pepsin, which is a proteolytic enzyme. Each of These cationic mariners has a characteristic pharmacological property that determines its clinical use. In recent times, demands of identification and evaluation of new medicines conceivably of factory origin are gaining fashionability for the treatment of colorful gastrointestinal conditions. Hence, herbal drugs were considered a better cover for the treatment of acid influx/acidity with lower adverse side goods. The main ideal of the study was to elect sauces which were used as a home -- remedy having parcels for negativing the Acid of the stomach viz Cumin( Cuminum cyminum), Sprague (Trachyspermum ammi), and Peppermint (Mentha piperita) and incorporate in their excerpt forms in dividually into the new expression( Bouncy grains) developed by using wet granulation Method. Antacids are generally recommended for grown-ups and children at least 12 times old, and the FDA recommends antacids as the first-line treatment for heartburn in gestation. Herbal antacids are also one of the major classes of over the Counter drugs used by patient considering its safety. Hence, in present Study we attempted to prepare two formulations, one is aluminium Hydroxide suspension and second is combination of calcium carbonate and magnesium oxide suspension aswell as compares this by marketed Formulation through antacid activity using in vitro methods viz-acid-Neutralizing capacity and buffering capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the impacts of using cumin (0.5% and 1%, w/w) in beef meatballs on heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) formation and some quality characteristics when cooked at 150 and 250 °C were investigated. It was found that using of cumin at different ratios in beef meatballs showed a significant (p < 0.01) effect on pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive (TBARS) value, and total HAA. The cooking process significantly (p < 0.01) affected the meatballs' water content, pH, and TBARS values, while the cooking loss and total HAA content of meatballs were significantly (p < 0.01) affected by cooking temperature. It was found that the cumin usage rate in meatballs increased the pH value, while it was found to decrease the TBARS value. As expected, the cooking process was associated with a reduction in water, while it was found to result in an increase in the pH and TBARS values. On the other hand, both cooking temperature and cumin addition to meatballs led to an increase in their total HAA content. Diverse samples exhibited detectable levels of IQx, MeIQx, MeIQ, and PhIP compounds. The presence of MeIQx compound was found in all samples, except for the control group cooked at 150 °C. Additionally, the use of 0.5% and 1% cumin in meatballs cooked at temperature of 250 °C had an inhibitory effect on MeIQx compound. Our results revealed that the incorporation of cumin in the meatballs resulted in an increase in the total HAA content, likely due to its prooxidant effect. However, it was found that the use of cumin at certain rates could reduce the formation of MeIQx compound with an antioxidant effect. However, in this study found that even if 100 g of meatballs with the highest concentration of total HAA were consumed, the maximum HAA exposure limit value (0–15 µg/day) was not exceeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Cuminum cyminum L. essential oil (CEO) and its nanoemulsion (CEON) on oxidative stability and microbial growth of mayonnaise during storage. The GC analysis indicated that Cuminaldehyde (27.99%), o‐Cymene (17.31%), γ‐Terpinen (16.67%), and β‐Pinene (9.35%) were the major components of CEO, respectively. The assessments of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MBCCEO = 12 and MBCCEON = 6 mg/mL) was the most resistant bacteria, and in contrast, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 (MBCCEO = 6 and MBCCEON = 3 mg/mL) was the most sensitive bacteria. In the radical‐scavenging assay, CEON (IC50 = 5 ± 0.07 μg/mL) exhibited a higher antioxidant activity than CEO (IC50 = 10 ± 0.13 μg/mL). The results showed that applying the MBC of CEO and CEON in mayonnaise led to a significant decrease (p <.05) in acidity, peroxide value, number of acid‐resistant bacteria and fungi, and total microbial count compared with the control sample. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that using CEON resulted in oxidative stability, microbial growth control, and desirable sensorial attributes in mayonnaise compared with CEO and control samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), known as Zeera or Jill, belongs to the Apiaceae family. Cumin is an essential seed herb in India. The most feared disease of cumin plants is Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum, and it is a significant production constraint for growing cumin crops in Gujarat as in India. Seven different plant species have been used for the environmentally friendly treatment of this disease. Crude plant extracts were prepared with water, acetone, and cow urine as solvents at different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%). The in vitro antifungal activity of these plant extracts was determined by the poisoned food method. The highest inhibition was recorded with plant extracts prepared in acetone followed by cow urine. All plants showed significant antifungal activity. The highest inhibition was found with Senna alexandrina (85.53%) extract with acetone followed by Azadirachtaindic (82.72%) extract with acetone and 77.70% by Psidium guajava prepared with cow urine (at p = 0.01). The lowest inhibition was recorded for Aloe barbadensis miller (35.49%) and Asparagus racemosus 48.74% with water extract. This study might be the first report of Fusarium oxysporum as a causal agent of cumin wilt in the Saurashtra region of Gujarat in India. A plant extract prepared with cow urine may be the first report of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to explore the effect of cumin on flavor and protein oxidation of roasted lamb patties at different roasting time (10, 15 and 20 min). The results showed that the addition of cumin and then the reduction of aldehydes and the increase in the content of esters and heterocyclic flavor compounds in roasted lamb patties effectively improved the ester and roasted flavors of roasted lamb patties, suppressed the fishy and bloody flavors, and improved the overall acceptability to consumers. The carbonyl content of the cumin group was significantly lower than that of the blank group, and the total sulfhydryl and active sulfhydryl contents were significantly increased. A total of 16 amino acids were detected in the roasted lamb patties, and the amino acid content of the cumin group was higher than that of the blank group, with the highest content of glutamic acid reaching 7.21% of meat in the cumin group at 20 min of roasting. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results showed that the cumin group had a lower loss of myosin heavy chain and light chain. Therefore, the addition of cumin to roasted lamb not only increased its ester flavor, umami, and characteristic cumin flavor, but also reduced the degree of protein oxidation in the roasted lamb. The results of this study may provide valuable reference data for the flavoring and antioxidant effects of cumin in meat processing.

Despite the availability of numerous reports on the discovery of medicinal plant compounds and their properties, one may encounter contradictory results released by these reports at the level of plant families and even within species. To establish an accurate perspective of the Apiaceae family, this study examined the fruit essential oil and methanolic extract of wild and common species of this family. According to the measurement of the antioxidant property in the methanolic extract of the fruits using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, Ferula gummosa, Pimpinella anisum and Cuminum cyminum have high power in inhibiting free radicals. However, Bunium persicum had the strongest DPPH radicals inhibitory potential among all essential oils. The results of antimicrobial tests and their classification analysis showed that C. cyminum and B. persicum fruit essential oil with a high amount of cuminaldehyde had the most antibacterial properties. At the same time, the antifungal properties of H. persicum essential oil (rich in aliphatic ester) were stronger than those of the all the studied plants. Also, the essential oils of F. gummosa and Kelussia odoratissima had favourable antimicrobial properties compared to other studied plants. The investigation of the bacterial structure by scanning electron microscope confirmed the effect of the applied essential oils dose and their antibacterial potential. In general, for the first time, this paper determined the biological values of the fruit essential oil of some wild plants, such as K. odoratissima and H. persicum. Besides, in vitro examination and the mathematical models provided a suitable classification, which makes a comprehensive view in terms of the properties of the Apiaceae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oils of Cuminum cyminum (CEO) and Foeniculum vulgare (FEO) on the clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from periodontal pockets (≥6 mm) of patients with generalized severe periodontitis. Microbiological and molecular tests were performed to isolate and confirm P. intermedia. A previously isolated P. gingivalis was used. The hydrodistillation method was used to extract the CEO and FEO. The antibacterial activity of the examined oils against the confirmed clinical strains was determined using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The antibiofilm properties of CEO and FEO were determined using the tube method. The t-test was used for comparisons of inhibition zones. Both CEO and FEO presented inhibition zones against both clinically isolated bacteria. The CEO and FEO revealed antibacterial activity with MIC values of 3.125 µL/mL and MBC of 6.25 µL/mL against P. gingivalis, respectively. In addition, their MIC and MBC against P. intermedia were 0.195 µL/mL and 3.125 µL/mL, respectively. Finally, the essential oils showed moderate to strong antibiofilm activities against the clinically isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. This study supports the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of CEO and FEO against clinically isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. Further studies should focus on using these essential oils as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims of the current study is to establish cell suspension cultures of the medicinal plant, cumin Cuminum cyminum L. by the application of multiple drops and cross-section techniques. These methods were used in cultivating cell suspensions and in vitro plant regeneration. Leaf, stem, hypocotyl and root explants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different concentrations (0.05, 0.5 and 1.0 mg.l-1) of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and (0.05, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg.l-1) benzyl adenine BA for callus production. The results indicated the high response of cumin, as the percentage of callus initiation was 100%. The plant regeneration percentage reached 91.6%. Moreover, a friable callus of hypocotyls was appropriate for initiation of cell suspension culture in MS medium with 0.5mg.l-1 NAA and 1.0 mg.l-1benzyl adenine (BA). The best density for primordial callus formation was 51.0 ×105 cells ml-1 in both multiple-drops and cross-sections embedding methods. Callus that had been produced from multi drops and sectors had the ability for shoot regeneration. This study clarified the efficiency of these techniques in establishing cell suspension culture and shoot regeneration, which could be promising sources for high production of active compounds in cumin plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of the aqueous extract of Rhus pentaphylla and Cuminum cyminum (300 mg/kg), orally, 45 min before intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (1 µg/µL). The scoring of seizure severity, latency of seizures and duration of total seizures were recorded in 90 min. Both extracts showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins compounds. These extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity and showed an attenuation of severe convulsive seizures, a significant decrease in the frequency and duration of seizures and prolonged the latency of the onset seizure (p<0.001) compared to kainic acid. The aqueous extracts of R. pentaphylla and C. cyminum have a protective effect against seizures induced by kainic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of adequate information about the documentation and characterization of germplasm is fundamental for any crop improvement program. The importance of cumin as a medicinal plant yet the lack of information about its genetic variability encouraged us to initiate the current study aiming at assessing the genetic variability among 17 cumin genotypes from different geographical regions using four molecular markers (RAPD, ISSR, SRAP and SCoT). Further, the potential of six accessions to induce callus was studied under in vitro conditions on MS and B5 basal media supplemented with various combinations between 2,4-D and kinetin. Our findings showed that combining 87 primers, including 42, 15, 7 and 23 primers of RAPD, ISSR, SCoT and SRAP, respectively, facilitated detecting the relationship among the assessed cumin accessions. A total number of 765 bands were analyzed, among which only 74 bands were polymorphic. The polymorphism was low (9.67%) and varied among and within markers. The SCoT markers exposed the highest average values of polymorphism information content (0.06), resolving power (0.91) and diversity index (0.08), while ISSR induced the highest expected heterozygosity (0.06) and marker index (0.08). The UPGMA dendrogram based on data from all the molecular markers separated the genotypes into three main clusters, with a partial geographic-based relationship among the genotypes. Out of the six accessions evaluated for callus induction in vitro, five were potent to induce callus, with a frequency ranging from 90.4 to 97.5% and no significant differences among the five accessions tested using ANOVA. Two medium combinations showed superior results: MS amended with 2,4-D (4.44 mg/L) + Kin (0.22 mg/L) and B5 with 2,4-D (8.88 mg/L) + Kin (0.22 mg/L). Statistically significant variations in the relative growth rate of the produced callus were detected among accessions, where EG-4 accessions induced the highest values, followed by EG-5. All medium combinations, including 2,4-D alone, exhibited significant superiority compared with those including both 2,4-D and Kin. Our findings exposed low variability among the studied cumin accessions, implying the real need for more effort to assess wider populations from different geographic regions together with the need for reliable diversification programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raw pulses as extenders in meat preparations result in oxidative processes. The oxidative effects of using a raw chickpea paste (CP; 1/2; chickpea/water) in pork patties were evaluated. In a first experiment, patties were prepared with increasing levels of CP (0 to 25%); in a second experiment, patties with CP (25%) and without CP (controls) were kept at 4 °C or 22 °C for 18 h before patty production; in a third experiment, chitosan, garlic, and cumin (from 0.5 to 2%) were added in patties with CP (25%) and controls, and their antioxidant effects were evaluated. Patties were analysed for pH, colour, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on days 1, 3, and 7 of refrigerated aerobic storage. Discoloration on day 1 and TBARS levels on days 1 to 7 of storage increased with the CP used. Higher batter temperature after mixing did not activate oxidative processes in the CP patties. Garlic showed pro-oxidant effects in controls and no effects in the CP patties. Chitosan and cumin did not reduce CP patties oxidation on the first day of storage, but they controlled oxidation during subsequent storage. More research is needed to prevent oxidation caused by using raw chickpeas in meat preparations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]