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This paper examines the effect of a change in a legal regime to reinstate the adjudication of criminal matters to Islamic courts and documents the effect of the change on the marital matches of women. This change reduces the litigant rights of women in cases of illicit sexual behavior and extramarital relations. Combining three rounds of a nationally representative survey in Nigeria, I show that a woman affected by the legal reform is 29.2 percentage points more likely to be married to a man who earns less than she does and significantly more likely to be married to an older man. Regarding the educational attainment of the spouse, I show that an affected woman is 21.5 percentage points less likely to be married to a spouse who has higher educational attainment. Finally, a woman affected by the reform enforcement is 7.6 percentage points less likely to report that she is involved in any four intrahousehold decisions and less likely to be involved in decision-making about spending her spouse's earnings. Some of these effects are seen only in nonmatrilineal communities, and changes in the woman's attitude toward male dominance and outside marriage utility are other channels of effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Regional is the property of Historia Regional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis George Bacovia. Juridica is the property of George Bacovia University, Faculty of Sciences Economics, Juridical & Administrative and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Englishmen at Sea: Labor and the Nation at the Dawn of Empire, 1570–1630" by Eleanor Hubbard is a book that offers a new perspective on the social history of English seafarers during a crucial period in the development of England's maritime empire. The author draws on state papers, printed sources, and detailed depositions to explore the experiences of seafarers and their role in the development of imperial and commercial networks. The book challenges traditional notions of hierarchy on ships and examines the complex construction of English identity among seafarers. While the book has received praise, some critics argue that it may oversimplify the relationships between seafarers, the state, and employers, and that the transition from plunder to commerce was not as clear-cut as the author suggests. Overall, "Englishmen at Sea" is a significant contribution to the field of maritime social history and is likely to generate further discussion on the role of seafarers in early imperial expansion. [Extracted from the article]

John Claudius Loudon (1782–1843) was a Scottish landscape gardener and author who wrote extensively on topics such as agriculture, arboriculture, architecture, botany, and horticulture. He founded and edited The Gardener's Magazine and The Magazine of Natural History and Journal of Zoology, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and Meteorology. While Loudon himself claimed to have been born in 1782, his wife, Jane Loudon, stated that he was born in 1783. However, the Barony, Lanarkshire, parochial register confirms that he was indeed born in 1782. Loudon added the middle name "Claudius" in memory of his deceased brother. [Extracted from the article]

Children's postdivorce placement arrangements have changed dramatically in recent decades, with growth in shared placement and decline in mother sole placement. This shift has potentially important—yet largely unexamined—implications for economic well-being, in part, because different policies and practices govern child support obligations in shared and sole-placement arrangements. Using Wisconsin court record data merged with administrative income records, we describe economic outcomes during the first four postdivorce years for mothers with different arrangements, based on mothers' own earnings, child support receipt, and safety net income; we then estimate the impact of shared placement on mothers' needs-adjusted income. Our primary analyses incorporate an adjustment for partial cost savings from children spending less time in the home and show no net impact of shared placement. The lack of net impact reflects competing roles of lower child support receipts and higher earnings relative to sole-placement mothers with similar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a reflection upon the impact of the author's use of archival material at Steilneset Memorial in Finnmark, Northern Norway, a Memorial commemorating the victims of the Finnmark witchcraft trials, 1600–1692. Its aim is twofold: First, to illustrate how the original court records were used to bring the history of the witchcraft trials into the public space today at Steilneset Memorial. This part will focus on the personal approach taken in surfacing the voices of those accused during the trials. Second, to discuss Steilneset Memorial and its content as a catalyst for historical interpretation and for bridging the gap between the painful history of the 17th century and the present day. Such a discussion will focus first on my own historical interpretation and then the responses of others to the Memorial, before reflecting on the extent to which the historical content of a memorial can display connections over centuries and communicate this to visitors of today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adscripti glebae is a condition where peasants legally belong to a particular landholding. Its purpose was to maintain a stable labour force at the disposal of the landholder. Peasants who did not abide by this immobility requirement were termed runaways. Runaways have been episodically mentioned in medieval and early modern social history, particularly in demographic history, urban history, and histories of serfdom. Yet they have rarely been the central focus of historical studies. This paper examines the runaway on the background of the particular conditions of serfdom in the provinces of Estland and Livland. The paper describes how serfdom was practiced in these provinces, proceeds to peasant agency by considering the numerous diverse reasons for running away and outlines the reasoning behind the efforts of both nobility and government aimed at maintaining the status quo. The court records of a few extradition cases are highlighted to illustrate aspects of the issue of keeping serfs bound to the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prohistoria is the property of Prohistoria Ediciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prohistoria is the property of Prohistoria Ediciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Belgeler is the property of Turkish Historical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This nationwide retrospective cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) and demographic, forensic, and clinical factors associated with its practice among Greenlandic forensic psychiatric patients. We collected data from electronic patient files, court documents, and forensic psychiatric assessments. We defined APP as two or more concurrent prescriptions of antipsychotic medication. The study population of 74 patients had a mean age of 41.4 years, and 61 were men. All included patients had either schizophrenia or another ICD-10 F2-diagnosis. We used unpaired t-tests and Chi2 or Fisher's exact test. The prevalence of APP was 35% (n = 26), and there was a significant association between APP and a prescription of clozapine (Chi2, p = 0.010), olanzapine (Fisher's test, p = 0.003), and aripiprazole (Fisher's test, p = 0.013). Furthermore, we found a significant association between APP and prescription of a first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) (Chi2, p = 0.011). Despite recommendations in guidelines, the use of APP is common practice. The majority of forensic psychiatric patients suffer from severe psychiatric disorders, often with other comorbidities, including substance use disorder. The severity and complexity in mental health render forensic psychiatric patients at high risk of APP treatment. Further knowledge on APP use is crucial to secure and further improve the psychopharmacological treatment for this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraq (00210889) is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Overrepresentation of foreigners in prisons is a well-established fact in Spain. However, there is a lack of empirical studies exploring the causes of this overrepresentation. Based on focal concerns theory, this paper aims to explore one of the possible causes of this overrepresentation: sentencing disparities between Spanish and foreign citizens. For this purpose, two subsets of court records are used to study disparities in the odds of incarceration (n = 2310) and differences in the length of prison sentence (n = 1162). Due to alleged limitations of standard regression models to analyse disparities in sentencing when differences between groups are large, entropy re-weighting was used to achieve balance between group observations with regard to control variables. The analyses reveal, on the one hand that, even when controlling for relevant legal and other extra-legal factors, citizens from Africa have higher odds than Spanish citizens to be sentenced to prison. On the other hand, no differences in the length of the conviction have been found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document summarizes a court case published in the European Journal of Health Law regarding Pharma Mar SA's application for marketing authorization for their medicinal product Aplidin. The General Court of the European Union annulled the decision to refuse marketing authorization due to concerns about the impartiality of experts involved in the evaluation process. The court found that the experts had declared interests that could have influenced their assessment. The document also discusses the European Medicines Agency's policy on impartiality and independence, aiming to ensure that individuals involved in scientific opinions have no interests in the pharmaceutical industry that could affect their impartiality. It examines whether university hospitals should be treated as research organizations and excluded from the definition of a pharmaceutical company, concluding that they should be excluded unless they control a pharmaceutical company. The document emphasizes the importance of balancing impartiality and securing the best scientific expertise. The General Court's judgment on this matter is also discussed. [Extracted from the article]

How agreements were maintained and enforced beyond state-backed systems is among the least understood aspects of Ottoman legal history. This article reveals how merchants' engagement with Ottoman state finance intertwined private and state-backed legal practices through a letter-book written entirely in Ottoman Turkish belonging to a seventeenth-century English merchant, Peter Whitcomb, who provided financial services to Ottoman officials across the empire. As a rare example of surviving early modern mercantile correspondence in Ottoman Turkish, Whitcomb's letters to distant officials expose Ottoman financial epistolary culture and a wide range of alternative methods of dispute resolution. By combining these letters with court records, this article shows how Ottoman finance's layers of devolved authority themselves relied on a range of legal practices that encompassed a language of reciprocity and reputation, established Ottoman documentary forms, intercessions on an individual's behalf, appeals to elites, petitions to the grand vizier, and appearances in Ottoman sharīʿa courts. The capacity of Ottoman state finance to incorporate a foreigner like Whitcomb into its fiscal apparatus through this breadth of legal practices further suggests that we should revisit domestic narratives of competitive early modern state formation to include inter-imperial actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how images of nature, weather, and topography disclose a politics of recognition (who is visible/invisible) invested in a burgeoning criminal justice milieu, where punishment of wrongdoing became increasingly racialized in British Columbia during the early confederation period of Canada's history. Drawing from archived court documents and colonial writing, it examines dominant environmental metaphors and tropes that structured this politics of recognition within the colonial legal imaginary. I argue that images and understandings of topography, nature, weather, and seasons shaped the background enactment of law in early Canadian lawmaking practices. By examining these natural tropes, this article seeks to understand the contours of a contextually specific colonial legal imaginary as a vital component for entry into the criminal justice system. This colonial legal imaginary predisposes certain groups, and particularly Indigenous peoples, as subject to the constraining power of law, thereby fueling the growth of crime control industries over the last 150 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the access to court record data and access to justice technology for low-income litigants. Topics discussed include civil record data collection via public records act requests, data portal scraping and the California judicial branch reporting system, importance of court record access, norms for evaluating legal technology tools, evaluation of changes to the state court civil justice system, and a proposed legislation to promote civil court record access and transparency.

Since the 1990s several caches of New Persian documents have come to light in Afghanistan. These documents, written on paper, are now the most significant sources for understanding how New Persian in Arabic script was used as an administrative and legal language in the eastern Islamic lands between the eleventh and early thirteenth centuries before the Mongol conquest of Khurāsān. After a brief survey of the three main collections in which these New Persian paper documents are preserved today, this article presents a preliminary edition, translation and commentary on one of the New Persian documents held in the Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art. The document, dated ah 608/1212 ce, is a record of court proceedings and the decision of a judge (qāḍī) in a lawsuit over water rights initiated by a woman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate the harms of arrest and incarceration on health and racial equity, jurisdictions are increasingly enacting reforms to decriminalize drug possession through prosecutorial discretion (de facto). Impacts on health outcomes rely on whether this policy can reduce exposure to the carceral system among people who use drugs; however, data evaluating effects on arrest are lacking. This study explores the possible impacts of Baltimore City's enactment of de facto decriminalization on arrests by race. Police and court records were used to explore the possible impacts of Baltimore City's de facto decriminalization on street arrests and (processed) arrests advancing through the courts among people who use drugs. Interrupted time series models were used to compare pre-policy (January 2018–March 2020) trends with post-policy (April 2020–December 2021) trends in arrests for possession of drugs/paraphernalia and estimate racial disparities in street arrests (Black versus other races). Analyses were performed in February–May 2022. The policy was associated with a significant and immediate decline in street and processed arrests for possession, which was not seen for other crime categories. Although declines were concentrated in the Black community, disparities in arresting persisted after the policy. De facto decriminalization may be a promising strategy to reduce exposure to the carceral system, an established risk factor for overdose and other drug-related sequelae and a driver of racial disparities in the U.S. Further research is needed to elucidate the drivers of persisting racial disparities and disentangle policy effects from pandemic-related closures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Points: Question: Is a history of childhood maltreatment associated with an unfavorable course of emotional disorders in adulthood? Findings: In this cohort study of 1196 participants followed up to age 40 years, the subjective experience of childhood maltreatment measured through retrospective self-report at age 29 years was associated with the number of subsequent follow-up phases with depression or anxiety, whereas the objective experience measured through official court records was not. Current and lifetime psychopathology at the time the subjective experience was assessed explained its association with the later course of emotional disorders in participants who did not have objective measures of maltreatment but not in those who did. Meaning: The findings suggest that modification of the subjective experience of childhood maltreatment may improve the longitudinal course of emotional disorders. This cohort study examined the relative associations of objective and subjective experiences of childhood maltreatment with the course of emotional disorders in adulthood. Importance: A history of childhood maltreatment is associated with an unfavorable course of illness for emotional disorders. However, the origins and mechanisms underlying these associations are unknown. Objective: To examine the relative associations of objective and subjective measures of childhood maltreatment and continuity in psychopathology with the course of emotional disorders in adulthood. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study followed up until age 40 years participants residing in a metropolitan county of the US Midwest with substantiated records of childhood physical and sexual abuse and/or neglect between 1967 and 1971 and a demographically matched group of participants experiencing no abuse or neglect in childhood. The collected data were analyzed between October 2021 and April 2022. Exposures: The objective experience of childhood maltreatment before age 12 years was prospectively measured through official court records, whereas the subjective experience was measured through retrospective self-report at a mean (SD) age of 29 (3.8) years. Current and previous lifetime psychopathology was also assessed at a mean age of 29 (3.8) years. Main Outcomes and Measures: Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured at mean (SD) ages of 39.5 (3.5) and 41.2 (3.5) years using Poisson regression models. Results: In a cohort of 1196 participants (582 [48.7%] female and 614 [51.3%] male) followed up to age 40 years, those with objective plus subjective measures of childhood maltreatment had a greater number of subsequent follow-up phases with depression or anxiety than controls (depression: incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2.28 [95% CI, 1.65-3.15]; anxiety: IRR, 2.30 [95% CI, 1.54-3.42]), as did those with subjective-only measures (depression: IRR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.02-2.18]; anxiety: IRR, 1.58 [95% CI, 0.99-2.52]). In contrast, participants with objective-only measures did not have a greater number of follow-up phases with depression or anxiety (depression: IRR, 1.37 [95% CI, 0.89-2.11]; anxiety: IRR, 1.40 [95% CI, 0.84-2.31]). Current and lifetime psychopathology measured at the time the subjective experience was assessed explained its association with a later course of emotional disorders in participants with subjective-only measures but not in those with objective plus subjective measures. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study, the associations seen between childhood maltreatment and poor course of emotional disorders over the subsequent decade were largely attributable to the subjective experience of maltreatment, which was partly explained by continuity in psychopathology. Modification of the subjective experience of childhood maltreatment could improve the longitudinal course of emotional disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aging-related vulnerabilities have long been regarded as salient factors affecting older adults' health fraud victimization. Traditional wisdom tends to focus on how victims' vulnerability facilitates victimization. Despite its insights, such a focus neglects the importance of offenders' active manipulation and exploitation of victims' vulnerability, which may lead to victim blaming. Using data collected from 233 Chinese judgment documents (the court records of the crime) and 13 interviews with secondary victims – family members or close relatives of the (primary) victims, this paper examines how three aging-related vulnerabilities, declined ability in information processing, comfort-driven social preference, and positivity-driven emotional preference, were deliberately manipulated by health fraud offenders. This study provides the latest empirical evidence on how health fraud against the elderly occurs in China and sheds new light on vulnerability manipulation from the socio-emotional selectivity theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing social media profiles, court documents and media reports, this article analyzes the Malaysian foreign fighter networks in Iraq and Syria between 2012 and 2019. It is found that the Malaysian foreign fighter phenomenon is primarily driven by charismatic personalities, i.e., influential figures who were able to attract individuals into the Middle East. The attempted movement of fighters into Iraq and Syria can be divided into three phases corresponding to three personalities; the first led by Al Qaeda linked Yazid Sufaat, the second by Ajnad al-Sham linked Lotfi Ariffin and the third by Islamic State (IS) linked Muhammad Wanndy Mohd Jedi. Contrary to popular belief, the first wave of Malaysian militants had joined Syrian-based rebel groups like Ajnad al-Sham instead of IS with the shift occurring after Lotfi Ariffin's death in September 2014. The three phases also highlight the shift in recruitment strategy from physical recruitment to the purely online sphere. A radicalization driver model of Malaysian fighters is proposed and it is argued that the two main factors that drove Malaysian fighters into the conflict zones are (1) External factors: charismatic personalities; romanticization of jihad; moral factors and ideological factors; and (2) Internal factors: discontent with the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article chronicles the early journalism career of the first Chinese American newspaperwoman, Mamie Louise Leung, who reported for the Los Angeles Record from 1926 to 1929. Despite feeling insecure about her lack of journalism experience right out of college and intimidated by the idea of a Chinese girl not standing a chance among American news writers, Leung built a journalism career that spanned five decades. She proved to be a successful newspaperwoman with her intellect, skills, ambition, hard work, and the unique asset of being ethnically Chinese. Even though she was typecast by her bylined stories as a minority reporter covering topics related to the Chinese community in Los Angeles, she took charge of reporting for the important court beat for the Record throughout her tenure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The World of Wu Zhao" by N. Harry Rothschild is a book that explores the life and reign of Wu Zhao, the only woman emperor in China's Tang Dynasty. Rothschild's research aims to challenge the negative portrayal of Wu Zhao in traditional and modern historiography, and instead presents a more balanced view of her rule. The book focuses on annotated selections from Zhang Zhuo's "Court and Country," a miscellany that provides valuable insights into Wu Zhao's era. While the book contains graphic and violent accounts, it also offers a glimpse into the culture, relationships, and beliefs of the time. Despite some editorial issues, "The World of Wu Zhao" is a valuable resource for scholars and researchers interested in the Tang Dynasty. [Extracted from the article]

This article adds significantly to the literature on the value of Chancery court documents, depositions in particular, demonstrating their worth as a source of information about early modern community relations, and collective and individual identity. Through a detailed reading of one particular late seventeenth-century case, it argues that depositions should be viewed as collaborations between plaintiffs, defendants, legal counsel and deponents. These sources are framed as communally produced and as the results of collaborations between multiple members of various overlapping community circles. Using the concept of relationality, as it is defined and deployed by scholars of life writing who note that virtually all autobiographical acts involve biographies of others, the article casts new light on the ways in which subjectivities were formed by individuals' positions in relation to others. When applied to Chancery documents, close reading practices allow us to speculatively recreate the communities from which depositions and pleadings arose and to identify instances of contextualised self-construction within deponents' representations of themselves, others, and those communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of Urmeviyye in Diyarbakır attributed to the founder, Aziz Mahmud Urmevi, whose close association with Sultan Murat 4th realized through his involvement in the conquest of Revan. However, this association gradually waned over time. Urmevi's burgeoning reputation and various other factors ultimately led to the execution of the sheikh at the hands of Sultan Murat 4th. Subsequent to Urmevi's execution, Sultan Murat bestowed the village of Kabi, situated within the jurisdiction of Diyarbakır, upon the progeny of the sheikh. The Kabi village, which had governmental ownership while being under the administration of the sheikh's offspring, was granted as an unrestricted freehold. Consequently, the village remained exempt from enumeration and interference. The deed of grant, serving as a testament to absolute ownership, encompassed all rights of disposal. Thus, this research centers around the replica of the deed of grant for the Kabi village, given as an estate to the descendants of Aziz Mahmud Urmevi by Sultan Murat 4th. In this study, the replica of the deed of grant sourced from the Ottoman Archives, alongside the records of the Islamic courts (Şer'iyye Sicilleri), the Ancient Complaints Register (Atik Şikâyet Defteri), contemporary chronicles, travel accounts, and other written works, has been benefited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia & Antropologia is the property of Sociologia & Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recently, Russian state courts have actively turned to the construction of abuse of rights, referring to the legislative requirement for the exercise of procedural rights in good faith. The purpose of this article is to test the hypothesis that the concept of e-justice, by significantly expanding the range of procedural opportunities of the parties to a case, can act as a catalyst for the emergence of new mechanisms of abuse of process, including contributing to the modification of the classical forms of procedural misconduct. In this work, a comprehensive general theoretical and practical study of the impact of digitalization on the abuse of procedural rights was carried out. The study used several methods of scientific research: legalistic, technical, dialectical, logical, systemic-legal, comparative law, legal interpretation method. In the course of the analysis, the need for the judiciary system to expand the forms of electronic interaction between parties to a case and the court, as well as courts with each other, was confirmed. The author has established a cause and effect relationship that mediates the emergence of new mechanisms of procedural abuse due to the introduction of new digital tools in the civil process, and also structured the main directions of the digital development of the Russian civil process. In general, the analysis showed that digital technologies have great potential, opening access to justice to an increasing number of interested and in need of people. The digitalization process cannot be estimated only as a source for new procedural risks and abuses. Informatization also serves as a tool for preventing procedural abuses through audio and video recording of court sessions, which does not make it “pure evil”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years legal historians of South Asia have demonstrated the value of moving beyond traditional state archives and published law reports by retrieving records left in working courts. Building on this scholarship, this essay presents reflections from time spent with the unpublished historic records of the Allahabad High Court. The essay begins by examining two unpublished cases retrieved from these records. I then consider how more careful attention to the historical development of the legal record might encourage new ways of thinking through the politics of the colonial archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Reporting of transfusion reactions is good practice and required by many guidelines. Errors in the transfusion chain can also lead to severe patient reactions and depend on active error reporting. We aimed to characterize transfusion incidents and asked whether workup of transfusion reactions may also contribute to revealing logistical errors.Methods: Transfusion medical records from 2011 to 2019 at our tertiary medical centre, as well as forensic autopsy reports, digitized sections, and court records from 1990 to 2019 were analysed. A total of 230,845 components were transfused between 2011 and 2019 at our own institution.Results: Overall, 322 transfusion incidents were reported. Of these, 279 were from our own institution, corresponding to a frequency of 0.12% of all transfusions. The distribution of reaction types is consistent with the literature, with allergic reactions (55.9%), febrile-non-hemolytic reactions (FNHTR, 24.2%), hemolytic reactions (3.4%) and other types at smaller frequencies (< 3%). Twenty-nine (10.4%) of the 279 reports revealed logistical errors, including hemoglobin above guideline threshold (4.3%), incorrect or non-performed bedside tests (3.2%), inadequate patient identification (2.5%), laboratory and issuing errors, missed product checks or failure to follow recommendations (1.1% each). Eight of 29 (27.5%) of the logistical errors were detected by serendipity during workup of incident reports. In addition, 8/932 autopsy cases under code A14 (medical treatment errors) were found to be transfusion-associated (0.9%).Conclusion: Systematic workup of transfusion incidents can identify previously undetected errors in the transfusion chain. Passive reporting of errors through the recording of side effects may serve as a tool to assess more closely assess the frequency and quality of handling errors in real life, and thus serve to improve patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Minnesota most divorce records are public documents, accessible to anyone with an internet connection. It mentions advent of Minnesota Court Records Online (MCRO), court files are now accessible in everyone's living room and Supreme Court has repeatedly disagreed, recognizing the private and personal nature of marriage and family relationships. It also mentions public interest in disclosure is outweighed by a legitimate or overriding interest in confidentiality.

This study examined the status of media access to court proceedings and documents in mainland China. In-depth and qualitative interviews with Chinese journalists revealed that they continue to face significant difficulties in attending court hearings and accessing court documents and information; especially, those involving government officials. Owing to the lack of adequate media access to courts, Chinese journalists are not able to fulfil their role of informing the public about what happens in the judicial system; it also undermines the balance and quality of court reporting. The study also found that China's courts mostly used their own online platforms to release information and broadcast trial proceedings. Consequently, the role of news media and journalists in providing court case information and promoting judicial openness has declined in the age of new media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Sportif Bakis: Spor ve Egitim Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the process of the prosecution of Nazis and collaborators in the Jeseník region of the Czech Republic from 1945 to 1948. It focuses on the approach of the security and judicial apparatus to individual categories of the accused and on the comparison of this approach with other regions, especially in the adjacent areas of Western Silesia and Northern Moravia. In particular, the course and outcome of the trials of participants in Henlein’s Uprising of September 1938, exponents of the Nazi security apparatus, and party and public officials are followed. The research is based on court and police records and the contemporary press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines two recent scandals of abuse and neglect of people with disabilities, namely the death of Ann Marie Smith in Australia and the Whorlton Hall scandal in Britain. The facts of both cases have been established from the formal reports and records of legislators and regulators about the scandals, supplemented by publicly-available court documents and media reports. Using high-level thematic analysis, institutional responses to the two cases are compared by examining the conclusions and recommendations of the resulting formal inquiries. The article identifies lessons from the two cases for improving the safeguarding of people with disabilities, namely for: improved information flows and coordination; strengthened legislation; processes for identifying people at risk; improved outputs of quality audits; enhanced resourcing of advocacy; and the extension of community visitor schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing histories of courtship in the long eighteenth century typically focus on it as a step on the road to marriage, exploring the rituals and emptions involved, or the consequences of frustrated courtship, such as breach of promise cases of illegitimacy. Few consider the immediate risks for unmarried women associated with courtship customs that allow or encourage premarital sex. Historians of sexual violence have identified these risks, but they rarely feature in histories of courtship. Using records from the Court of Great Sessions, this article explores the limited but tangible evidence of conjugal courtship customs in Georgian Wales, often referred to as 'bundling' or 'courtship at night'. It then interrogates records of murder and sexual assault associated with courtship to examine the blurred lines between rape and seduction, which in Wales were further complicated by courtship practices that created additional vulnerabilities for women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an increasingly digital world, where data-driven decision making and technology-enhanced workflows are the norm, civil courts lag behind. Despite the rise in electronic filing, many civil court records remain inaccessible and unused by court administrators and other government actors. Meanwhile, for-profit companies increasingly compile court records into massive datasets that facilitate sophisticated legal analytics. This discrepancy between public and private approaches results in unfulfilled potential for court records to inform court operations, procedural rule making, and substantive policy. This article argues for a future in which courts address these failures and take on the role of data guardians for the public good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have observed that the relationship between sovereign citizens and Child Protective Services (CPS) is inherently antagonistic (Hines, 2021). A number of high-profile CPS cases indicate that increasingly some QAnon adherents are adopting sovereign citizen tactics to regain custody of children. Conspiracy-oriented leaders have specifically targeted CPS agencies with false claims that CPS trafficks children to harvest their organs and blood. This descriptive article examines the increasing overlaps, focusing specifically on their intersection in child custody cases. In at least one instance, these toxic and meritless strategies have led to murder. Utilizing extensive review of news accounts and court documents, relevant case studies are documented that illustrate this developing phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)