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The study of English legal history has been greatly enhanced and brought up-to-date with the publication of a new edition of this seminal text. The publication in 1989 of William Cornish's Law and ...

At the twenty-fifth Anniversary celebration of the BIAPT, the association invited reflections on a number of areas. One that struck me as interesting, although deficient, was around the notion of h...

Dudley Shaw Ashton’s flamboyant 1953 portrait of the sculptor Barbara Hepworth, Figures in a Landscape, quite literally lifts Hepworth and her sculptures from the spaces of critical reception and creative process associated to the museum, gallery or studio, to audaciously place the artist and her work in the Cornish landscape amongst its beaches, megalithic standing stones and tin mines. This chapter explores how Shaw Ashton’s use of film technology to explore scale, distance and proximity between artist, sculpture and the contours of the landscape, proposed ways of depicting the artist and the creative process on film which were at odds with contemporary art documentaries of the immediate post war period. Reinforced further through the accompanying narration scripted by the archeologist Jacquetta Hawkes, Shaw Ashton seeks instead to inscribe Hepworth’s creative process within a pre-modern landscape and to present the artist and her sculptures as the embodiment of a materially located mythic and historic continuity. Made shortly after the 1951 Festival of Britain, and funded by the British Film Institute’s Experimental Film Fund, was Shaw Ashton’s disavowal of Hepworth’s modernist credentials reflective of a transitional and short lived moment in Britain’s post war culture? When an historical turn might be seen to presage new ways forward in cultural representation?

This visual essay appraises the film charts (shooting diagrams) used in the production of The Cornish Knitting Pattern Series in 2016. The film charts are a surprising key element arising from this period of film practice, being as they were a pragmatic part of the preproduction planning. However, through analysis of my films after production the charts have become a major source of visual thinking, notation, documentation and a significant aid to reflection on the work carried out. The Cornish Knitting Pattern Series is a collection of 16mm animation landscape films that use a single frame production technique to translate Guernsey knitting patterns into film, and in doing so set up a structural relationship between that of a knitted stitch and a frame of film ‐ drawing out analogies between both forms of production. In this visual essay the charts' roles will be considered in the translation of the Guernsey knitting patterns in terms of preproduction visualization of the knitting patterns; notation documentation during the pro-filmic event; and retrospectively as a record of processes and production. To do it will illuminate the film practice relationship to mistakes, and the location as the editing system process that is a key aspect of the film series processes ‐ wherein gesture, landscape and film are 'knitted together' in the film as a material object.

In the search for effective means of representing and conveying the urgency of the environmental crisis facing humanity in the coming decade, not all images hit the mark with the same forcefulness. Al Gore's phrase "An Inconvenient Truth", for instance, strikes one's imagination far less than the "house on fire" metaphor popularized by French President Jacques Chirac and Swedish activist Greta Thunberg. Another powerful image is to be found in Daphne Du Maurier's allegorical novella "The Birds" (1952), which focuses on a small Cornish community's fight for survival when organised hosts of winged creatures take to killing humans in the wake of a sudden climate change. Not only is that story visionary in its suggestion that self-sufficiency and degrowth are more viable or sustainable than current economic systems, but it offers us today a striking metaphor for the catastrophic backlash that humanity needs to avoid. Du Maurier thus creates a frightful tale of animal retribution in which preys are suddenly turned into predators, and human beings need to face the implacable anger they have aroused if they wish to prevent a sort of Silent Spring (Rachel Carson) in reverse., Quand on cherche un moyen efficace de représenter et de communiquer l'urgence de la crise environnementale à laquelle l'humanité va être confrontée dans la décennie qui s'annonce, il apparaît que toutes les images ne se valent pas en termes de puissance évocatrice. Ainsi, la « vérité qui dérange » d'Al Gore saisit beaucoup moins l'imaginaire que la métaphore de la « maison qui brûle », popularisée par Jacques Chirac et la militante suédoise Greta Thunberg. Une autre image puissante se trouve dans la nouvelle allégorique de Daphne du Maurier, « Les oiseaux » (1952), qui met en scène le combat pour la survie d'une petite communauté cornouaillaise attaquée par des armées de volatiles meurtriers à la suite d'un brusque changement climatique. Non seulement cette nouvelle est visionnaire dans sa démonstration que l'autosuffisance et la décroissance sont plus viables que les systèmes économiques actuels, mais elle nous offre aujourd'hui une métaphore saisissante des catastrophes naturelles auxquelles l'humanité va être confrontée. Du Maurier crée ainsi un récit effrayant de vengeance animale, où les proies se muent en prédateurs et où l'humanité doit faire face à la colère implacable qu'elle a suscitée si elle veut empêcher une sorte de Printemps silencieux (Rachel Carson) à rebours.

Πως γίνεται μια μειονοτική γλώσσα που ακολουθεί φθίνουσα πορεία να παρουσιάσει αύξηση στους ομιλητές της; Μέσα από το παράδειγμα της διαλέκτου Cornish, μιας κέλτικης διαλέκτου της Κορνουάλης, που εξαφανίστηκε στα τέλη του 18ου αιώνα και κατάφερε να αναβιώσει και να παρουσιάζει διαρκή πρόοδο στον αριθμό των ομιλητών της, μπορούν να αντληθούν ιδέες υποστήριξης διαλέκτων ανάλογων δημογραφικών χαρακτηριστικών. Αναφέρεται περιληπτικά το εικοσαετές πρόγραμμα της στρατηγικής για την διάσωση της διαλέκτου Cornish καθώς και τεχνικές ενίσχυσης της προβολής και της χρήσης μιας μειονοτικής γλώσσας. Η παρούσα δημοσίευση αποτελεί μέρος μεταδιδακτορικής έρευνας που έχει ως κύριο στόχο τη δημιουργία ενός οδηγού αξιοποίησης της ευρωπαϊκής γλωσσικής πολιτικής για τη διάσωση της ελληνόφωνης πολιτιστικής κληρονομιάς της Απουλίας στη νότια Ιταλία (Griko dialect). Μέσω της εφαρμογής συγκριτικής μελέτης επιτυχημένων δράσεων που ακολούθησαν άλλες ευρωπαϊκές διάλεκτοι θα πραγματοποιηθούν εφαρμόσιμες προτάσεις για τον σχεδιασμό μια μακροπρόθεσμης στρατηγικής υποστήριξης της griko. Η μεταδιδακτορική έρευνα φιλοδοξεί να αποτελέσει μια ακόμη προσπάθεια υποστήριξης των ελληνόφωνων διαλέκτων της νότιας Ιταλίας., iNTERCULTURAL tRANSLATION iNTERSEMIOTIC, Vol 10, No 1 (2021)

John Couch Adams was one of the leading mathematical astronomers in the country and at a very young age (27 in 1846) and a junior Fellow in his college, was a pivotal figure in the hotly disputed discovery of Neptune. Born within one of the more remote areas of England, Cornwall, the region of his birth and his Cornish upbringing were fundamental in understanding the circumstances which would frame his life. His parents were tenant farmers living through a period of decline in rural England and the family income had to stretch to accommodate a burgeoning large family. During his early years Adams attended a local village school, where it was quickly evident that he had mathematical talent. Bookish in nature, he outstripped his tutors’ abilities and was sent to a family run school in Plymouth to further his education during his teenage years. It was clear to the family and close acquaintances that Adams should attend Cambridge University, the leading centre for mathematical studies in Britain and that in itself held challenges due to the expense involved. The large and impecunious family drew together and unstintingly utilised every possible source of income they could to invest in his future by making Cambridge possible for him.

The Kernewek (Cornish) language revival movement's goal of creating a community of fluent users remains out of reach despite a century of revival and despite success in establishing a language ideology valuing it as an ethnic symbol. The language is widespread in signage and other written uses and was accepted for official use by the UK in 2003. This chapter explores this situation as an example of an employment ethnolinguistic infusion (Benor in The Routledge Companion to the Work of John R. Rickford, Routledge, 2020) in the construction of metalinguistic community (Avineri in Journal of Jewish Languages 5:174–199, 2017). I draw evidence from business and government signage, formulaic expressions, and adoption of Kernewek words into English. I expand the theoretical discussions by examining the trifurcated nature of ethnolinguistic infusion, with varying uses oriented towards enthusiasts, a wider in-group of Cornish and towards English decisionmakers.

Aswan is an ancient city in Egypt; it has many potential issues to be a sustainable and advanced city in its region. On the other hand, it has many environmental problems according to the sustainability criteria such as air and water pollution, noisy, and unsatisfied transportation systems. So, this research aims to solve these problems and tries to keep the environment clean and increase the public satisfaction by promoting new and advanced transportation systems and enhancing the infrastructures in Aswan city without compromising the city heritage. The paper case study is renovating the main city Cornish and the ancient touristic market through studying the existing case and presenting a proposed renovation processes which included new public transportation systems according to public questionnaire results. The proposed renovation process is compared with Curitiba and Masdar city throughout their sustainable urban programs especially public transport and mobility systems. These systems will serve the Aswan people and tourists which reduces the people suffering and preserves the city heritage and touristic places.

Opportunity theories of crime are concerned with situational predictors of crime and include what Jacques and Wright refer to as the “theoretical siblings”: Cornish and Clarke’s rational choice perspective and Cohen and Felson’s routine activity approach. Routine activity approach posits that crimes take place when a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian intersect in space and time. Once presented with a crime opportunity, rational choice perspective suggests that an offender weighs the costs associated with engaging in crime against the potential benefits. Such “rational” decision-making is bounded by one’s life circumstances and the available information. Super Mario Bros. is side-scrolling videogame and cultural phenomenon released on the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1985. The central protagonist of the game, Mario is tasked with making his way through the Mushroom Kingdom to rescue Princess Toadstool from her captor, Bowser, King of the Koopa. Along the way, Mario collects coins and various power-ups, and must avoid pitfalls and eliminate enemies. Mario is motivated to collect such targets by his need to survive and complete his mission. Many targets are difficult to reach due to environmental hazards and game enemies serving as guardians over the desired rewards. This chapter provides an explanation of opportunity theory and several theoretical offshoots. Perspectives are applied to Super Mario Bros., and policy implications and empirical evidence of opportunity theories of crime are presented.

The reproductive performance of broiler breeder chickens noticeably decreases toward the end of their commercial lives. Herein, we determined the effects of vitamin E and selenium dietary supplementation on semen traits, egg fertility (defined as fertilization and hatching rates) of adult (49-week-old) and older (63-week-old) Red Cornish breeders. We found that both vitamin E and selenium were concentrated in the liver and adipose tissue of adult and older Red Cornish breeders, and were transferred to the semen and egg yolk, respectively, in proportion to the level of supplementation. Vitamin E supplementation, in particular, improved ejaculate volume, total sperm count, sperm motility, and viability in both adult and older roosters, whereas selenium improved sperm motility and viability in the adult roosters. Egg fertility increased following supplementation with either vitamin E or selenium. The hatching rate also improved by both supplements in proportion to the level of supplementation. No significant synergistic effects of vitamin E and selenium were found. The levels of egg fertility and sperm trait improvements diminished with the age of the birds and depended on vitamin E and/or selenium doses. Thus, as dietary vitamin E and selenium supplements improved semen quality and egg fertility in these older Red Cornish broiler breeders, such birds could be maintained in flocks to prolong their reproductive output.

UIDB/03213/2020 UIDP/03213/2020 This study proposes to broaden the theoretical discussion about referencing by analyzing opinion articles dealing with themes associated with violence, published in the media in Portugal and Brazil. In the theoretical perspective, topics related to the co-referentiality and inferentiality necessary for the identification of speech objects will be discussed, following the theoretical support of Text Linguistics and other researches with textual-discursive bias, such as Fonseca (1992), Fuchs (1992), Apotheloz and Reichler-Béguelin (1995), Koch and Marcuschi (1998), Mondada and Dubois (2003), Cornish (2011) Maalej (2011), Pecorari (2015), Cabral and Santos (2016), among others. We also invoke some assumptions about argumentation, basing the reflectionon the studies of Ducrot (1988), Charaudeau (2008) and Amossy (2008), 2009). Our purpose is to describe the behavior of anaphora as axiological markers of the argumentative conduction of politically themed texts, polarizing the complex power network. Therefore, we intend to collaborate in the interface studies between referencing and textual genre, specifically in the case of textual genres to which readers have easy access via the web, demonstrating how anaphora and deixis can help to ideologically mark the text. publishersversion published

After over twenty years of debate over Cornish orthographies, recognition by the UK government according to the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2003 led to the creation of what was initially intended as a “single written form” for use in official contexts. However, the inevitable impossibility of finding a compromise that pleased opposing groups of speakers with differing ideologies meant that the eventual Standard Written Form (SWF) was pluricentric, comprising two “main forms”. While these were initially stated to be of equal status, this has been hard to maintain since the SWF’s implementation: with more speakers using Middle Cornish forms, the Late Cornish forms are less visible and commonly believed to be subsidiary. Drawing on such perceptions, along with learning materials and other resources, this paper examines the status of the SWF today and offers some reflections on this unsuccessful attempt at pluricentricity in a minoritised language.

An assessment of the visual output of the eugenicist geographer and landscape heritage activist Vaughan Cornish (1862-1948) constitutes a void in scholarly studies by geographers and histor...

Reflection is considered a dominant concept and fundamental competence in teacher education programs (Allas, Leijen, & Toom, 2017; Beauchamp, 2015; Beauchamp & Thomas, 2010; Cornish & Jenkins, 2012...

Donna Haraway has recently stressed the importance of “making kin.” She says: “Who and whatever we are, we need to make-with, become-with, compose-with—the earth-bound.”1 I sense that “making kin” is an integral animating force in what Jeffrey Cohen refers to as engendering a “lithic ecomateriality” where “mutuality” and narratives of “companionship and concurrency” are always possible and, I would argue, increasingly necessary and deeply desirable. With slowness, dithering, and intensity, this essay offers a poetic cartography of making with extra/ordinary objects on a Cornish beach.

Interventions are increasingly being designed to disrupt ongoing criminal activity rather than identify crimes that have already been committed (Innes & Sheptycki, 2004). The emerging emphasis on disrupting organised criminal groups can be contrasted with older enforcement led approaches, which were resource intensive and limited in their success (Kirby & Nailer, 2013). Rational choice theory (Cornish & Clarke, 1986) assumes that individuals adopt a rational perspective when engaging in illicit activity and can therefore be diverted away if the cost of doing so outweighs the benefits. This holds some premise for the disruption of organised criminal groups, providing that the complexities of this phenomena are better understood. Organised criminal networks are heterogenous and operate at varying levels (Kirby & Nailer, 2013), engage with other known associates and diversify into different types of crime (Galeotti, 2005); making assessment of their strategies problematic. There is a common understanding, nevertheless, that criminal groups are ultimately driven by profit with violence, intimidation and coercion administered to further their criminal purpose and obstruct the policing response to them (Dean, Fahsing & Gottschalk, 2010; Stelfox, 1996). Yet, it is this behaviour that makes members of organised criminal groups visible and susceptible to intervention, thereby making disruption viable. The chapter will expand on this approach, defining organised crime before identifying a number of multi-agency strategies adopted to tackle behaviours, such as violence, often thought to be a vessel for maximising criminal entrepreneurship. There will be a focus on organised crime manifesting in the United Kingdom (UK), solely making reference to other countries for comparison purposes.

This article considers the case of Cornish, a Celtic language that was in decline in the south-west of Great Britain from the early medieval era until the end of the eighteenth century, when its last recorded native speakers died out. At the point when a language under pressure eventually succumbs to forces of language shift, its role in representations of a distinct sociocultural identity might be expected to die with the medium itself. Yet a sense of cohesion at the group level has been observed to endure long after a shift to another language has occurred, with the obsolescent variety retaining a role in the maintenance of group boundaries. In situations of language shift, the meanings of such social constructions can change considerably, and the obsolescent variety may retain ideological associations with the group as an iconized symbol of identity. The analysis presented in this paper is based on an examination of the historical record as well as a synthesis of recent sociological research on Cornish. Attention will be drawn specifically to the manner in which the language has functioned as an icon of identity since the nadir of its decline as a spoken vernacular, through the ‘Cornish Revival’ of the twentieth century to the present day.

This work has received funding from the FWO (Research Foundation—Flanders) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (665501). Accurately dating the creation and development of earthwork features is a long-standing problem for archaeologists. This article presents results from Bosigran (Cornwall, UK), where boundary banks believed to be prehistoric in origin are assessed using optically stimulated luminescence profiling and dating (OSL-PD). The results provide secure construction dates for different boundaries in the Bronze and Iron Ages, as well as chronologies for their early medieval and later development. The research demonstrates not only the prehistoric origins of these distinctive Cornish field systems, but also a practical and cost-effective methodology suitable for dating earthworks around the world. Publisher PDF

Historians have rarely considered the political views of electorates in small constituencies with strong proprietorial interests, or ‘pocket’ boroughs. However, through a detailed case study of the Cornish borough of Mitchell, this article reveals a rural settlement with a multifaceted and divided community, which experienced a high degree of partisan conflict during the later Stuart period as its inhabitants engaged in an ongoing struggle over the nature of the franchise. A group of often‐disenfranchised inhabitants launched a sustained and independent assault on the lord of the borough's limited franchise, in favour of an inhabitant‐based vote; they were opposed by a group which oscillated between loyalty to the borough's patron and attempts to secure its own influence. Party allegiances and political ideologies can occasionally be identified on both sides, but the franchise dispute did not always align with these divisions. The article argues that while partisan conflict occurred in ‘pocket’ boroughs, it took extraordinary circumstances for this to boil over and facilitate change – in Mitchell's case, these circumstances were the frequent elections to the Exclusion Parliaments, and the patron's self‐imposed exile in France. Yet even once a popular inhabitant‐based vote was established, the widened electorate still found it difficult to determine the outcome of elections, as the borough's patron and local gentry families soon reasserted their authority. Therefore, while the electorates of boroughs such as Mitchell were not supine or monolithic, their ability to actively participate in the electoral process was ultimately fragile.