Search

Background/Objective: Few Spanish mindfulness interventions have been evaluated in Latinx patients with cancer. We culturally adapted a mindfulness intervention for Spanish speaking Latinx patients. The objective was to measure feasibility and acceptability as primary outcomes, with changes in anxiety, depression, and sleep as secondary outcomes. Method: Spanish-speaking Latinx patients with breast cancer (n = 31) were randomized, between April 2021 and May 2022 to either intervention or wait-list control groups. The mindfulness intervention consisted of 6-weekly 1.5-hour sessions remotely delivered by a novice facilitator. Cultural adaptations included language, metaphor, goal, concept, trauma informed, and acknowledgement of spirituality. Feasibility was benchmarked as 75% of participants attending their first session, 75% of participants completing 4 of 6 sessions, and scoring ≥ 4 on a 5-point Likert feasability scale measuring ability to implement changes after 6-weeks. Acceptability was measured as scoring ≥ 4 on a 5-point Likert scale measuring usefulness and relevance of the mindfulness intervention for each session. An intention-to-treat, linear mixed model with repeated measures analysis examined changes in anxiety, depression, and sleep at week 6 and 18 (3 months post intervention). Results: All three feasibility benchmarks were met with 75% of first session attendance, 96% of participants completing 4 of 6 sessions, and 94% scoring ≥ 4, on the feasibility scale (Mean (SD) = 4.3 (0.6)). Acceptability scores for both usefulness and relevance questions were ≥ 4 across all 6 sessions. Anxiety was significantly reduced at 3 months (−3.6 (CI -6.9, −0.2), P =.04), but is of unclear clinical significance given the small change. Depression scores declined, but not significantly, and there were no changes in sleep. Conclusion: This culturally adapted, remotely delivered mindfulness intervention using a novice facilitator was acceptable and feasible and demonstrated associated reductions in anxiety amongst Spanish speaking Latinx patients with breast cancer. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID# NCT04834154. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a need for a validated Vietnamese translation of the colorectal cancer subscale (CCS) of the functional assessment of cancer therapy–colorectal (FACT-C) questionnaire to assess colorectal cancer-specific concerns of Vietnamese persons with colorectal cancer post-surgery. Objectives: This study aims to translate and validate the CCS of FACT-C questionnaire in Vietnamese persons with colorectal cancer post-surgery. Methods: The nine-item CCS was translated following the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy (FACIT) translation methodology guidelines. Psychometric properties of a Vietnamese version of the CCS were evaluated with a sample of 135 participants who were randomly selected from three hospitals in Vietnam, utilizing a multistage sampling method. Construct validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α coefficients. These measures aimed to validate the psychometric properties of the Vietnamese nine-item CCS version. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participant demographics with SPSS. Results: The translated version demonstrated equivalence to the original English version. CFA results for the CCS Vietnamese version indicated that all 9 items were consistent with a unidimensional questionnaire (χ2 = 69.669, p >.05, df = 27, χ2/df = 2.58, RMSEA =.074, CFI =.917, TLI =.901, SRMR =.057). The Cronbach's α coefficient was.86, indicating high reliability. The Correlated Item-Total Correlation for the 9 items ranged from.39 to.76. Conclusion: The nine-item CCS Vietnamese version demonstrated appropriate translation, establishing its validity and reliability in measuring colorectal cancer-related concerns within the health-related quality of life among Vietnamese persons post-surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Relapse and treatment-related side effects pose significant challenges for older patients with high-risk blood cancers (myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplants from HLA-haploidentical donors. We compared two preparative treatment regimens to identify the most tolerable and effective approach: one using fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and melphalan, and the other using fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and treosulfan. Our goal was to determine which treatment offers better survival rates and fewer side effects. We found that both regimens resulted in similar survival outcomes. However, the melphalan regimen was associated with fewer relapses but more treatment-related deaths, while the treosulfan regimen had fewer side effects but exhibited poorer disease control. These findings suggest that treosulfan may be safer, though higher doses might improve disease control, providing valuable insights for future treatments. Relapse and regimen-related toxicities remain major challenges in achieving long-term survival, particularly among older patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of treosulfan-based conditioning, noting stable engraftment and low non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients undergoing HLA-matched allo-HSCT. However, data on treosulfan-based conditioning in the HLA-haploidentical transplantation (HaploT) setting are limited. We retrospectively compared conditioning with fludarabine–cyclophosphamide (FC)–melphalan (110 mg/m2) and FC-treosulfan (30 g/m2) prior to HaploT using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in patients with high-risk MDS/AML patients ≥ 50 years, transplanted from 2009–2021 at our institution (n = 80). After balancing patient characteristics by a matched-pair analysis, we identified twenty-one matched pairs. Two-year OS and LFS were similar among the groups (OS 66% and LFS 66%, p = 0.8 and p = 0.57). However, FC-melphalan was associated with a significantly lower probability of relapse compared to FC-treosulfan (0% vs. 24%, p = 0.006), counterbalanced by a higher NRM (33% vs. 10%, p = 0.05). Time to engraftment and incidences of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) did not differ significantly. In conclusion, HaploT using FC-treosulfan in combination with PTCy in patients aged ≥50 years with MDS/AML appears safe and effective, particularly in advanced disease stages. We confirm the favorable extramedullary toxicity profile, allowing for potential dose intensification to enhance antileukemic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Pain is a common symptom that affects individuals with cancer. This study, using data from the National Health Interview Survey, explored how household income relates to chronic pain among cancer survivors. It found that lower-income survivors, those below 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL), were more likely to report chronic pain lasting at least 3 months and pain that significantly limited their daily activities. Compared to higher-income survivors (at least 400% FPL), those with lower incomes had higher odds of experiencing chronic pain and its impact on daily life. Additionally, opioid use for pain management was more common among lower-income survivors, while higher-income survivors tended to use alternative methods like yoga, chiropractic care, and physical therapy. This study emphasizes the need for targeted efforts to address healthcare disparities and improve pain management for all cancer survivors, regardless of their income level. Pain is a prevalent issue among cancer patients, yet its link with socioeconomic status has not been thoroughly examined. This study investigated chronic pain (lasting ≥3 months) and high-impact pain (chronic pain limiting activities) among cancer survivors based on household income relative to the federal poverty level (FPL), using data from the National Health Interview Survey (2019–2020). Of the 4585 participants with a history of solid cancers, 1649 (36.3%) reported chronic pain and 554 (12.6%) reported high-impact chronic pain. After adjustment, participants with incomes < 200% FPL had significantly higher odds of chronic pain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.25–2.05) and high-impact chronic pain (aOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.09–2.74) compared to those with incomes ≥ 400% FPL. Opioid use for chronic pain was most prevalent among those with incomes < 200% FPL (28.3%) compared to those with 200–399% (21.3%) and ≥400% (19.0%). Higher-income participants reported greater use of alternative pain management methods such as yoga (50.5%), chiropractic care (44.8%), and physical therapy (44.3%). This study highlights the association between household income and chronic pain outcomes among cancer survivors, emphasizing the necessity for targeted interventions to mitigate healthcare access disparities and improve pain management for all individuals affected by cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: As more cancer patients with advanced disease present to the emergency department (ED), data on outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are needed to help counsel patients before and during an acute event. We investigated the characteristics of cancer patients who required CPR, their outcomes, and how prior advanced care planning (ACP) influenced these outcomes. Few studies have specifically looked at these data in an emergency department, where medical history is limited and the need for acute intervention often precludes discussion of therapeutic limitations. We found cardiopulmonary resuscitation of cancer patients to be rare in the ED. Although the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is often attained, very few patients survive to discharge. Patient characteristics, resuscitation success, overall mortality, and the cost of care did not differ between patients with and without ACP. However, patients with ACP had shorter hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stays and higher rates of conversion to do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status post-resuscitation. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) outcomes vary for patients with cancer. Here, we characterized cancer patients who underwent CPR in the emergency department (ED), their outcomes, and the effects of advanced care planning (ACP). The hospital databases and electronic medical records of cancer patients at a comprehensive cancer center who underwent CPR in the ED from 6 March 2016 to 31 December 2022 were reviewed for patient characteristics, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), conversion to do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status afterward, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, mortality, cost of hospitalization, and prior GOC discussions. CPR occurred in 0.05% of all ED visits. Of the 100 included patients, 67 patients achieved ROSC, with 15% surviving to hospital discharge. The median survival was 26 h, and the 30-day mortality rate was 89%. Patients with and without prior ACP had no significant differences in demographics, metastatic involvement, achievement of ROSC, or in-hospital mortality, but patients with ACP were more likely to change their code status to DNR and had shorter stays in the ICU or hospital. In conclusion, few cancer patients undergo CPR in the ED. Whether this results from an increase in terminally ill patients choosing DNR status requires further study. ACP was associated with increased conversion to DNR after resuscitation and decreased hospital or ICU stays without an increase in overall mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This research investigates how a condition called hydronephrosis—where the kidney swells due to blocked urine flow as a result of advanced bladder cancer—affects the outcomes of a surgical procedure called robot-assisted radical cystectomy, used to remove the bladder in this group of patients. The study analysed data from multiple Asian expert centers to see if patients with hydronephrosis before surgery had different outcomes compared to those without it. Results showed that patients with hydronephrosis tended to have worse survival rates and more complications following surgery. Understanding these impacts helps doctors better predict and improve treatment outcomes for bladder cancer patients. This study's findings can lead to more personalised and effective treatment plans, enhancing patient care. Introduction: Robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) has gained momentum in the management of muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Predictors of RARC outcomes are not thoroughly studied. We aim to investigate the implications of preoperative hydronephrosis on oncological outcomes. Patients and Methods: This study analysed data from the Asian RARC consortium, a multicentre registry involving nine Asian centres. Cases were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of pre-operative hydronephrosis. Background characteristics, operative details, perioperative outcomes, and oncological results were reviewed. Outcomes were (1) survival outcomes, including 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and (2) perioperative and pathological results. Multivariate regression analyses were performed on survival outcomes. Results: From 2007 to 2020, 536 non-metastatic MIBC patients receiving RARC were analysed. 429 had no hydronephrosis (80.0%), and 107 (20.0%) had hydronephrosis. Hydronephrosis was found to be predictive of inferior DFS (HR = 1.701, p = 0.003, 95% CI = 1.196–2.418) and OS (HR = 1.834, p = 0.008, 95% CI = 1.173–2.866). Subgroup analysis demonstrated differences in the T2-or-above subgroup (HR = 1.65; p = 0.004 in DFS and HR = 1.888; p = 0.008 in OS) and the T3-or-above subgroup (HR = 1.757; p = 0.017 in DFS and HR = 1.807; p = 0.034 in OS). Conclusions: The presence of preoperative hydronephrosis among MIBC patients carries additional prognostic implications on top of tumour staging. Its importance in case selection needs to be highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This research is suggested to address the significant psychological distress that cancer patients often experience during diagnosis and treatment, which can adversely affect their outcomes and care. Despite advancements in cancer treatments extending survival rates, the emergence of depression and anxiety as common comorbidities underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve patient well-being. The study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among cancer patients and identify some of the associated risk factors. Advancements in cancer treatment and early detection have extended survival rates, transforming many cancers into chronic conditions. However, cancer diagnosis and treatment can trigger significant psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, impacting patient outcomes and care. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of and identify the risk factors for depression and anxiety among cancer patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including patients under the care of the oncology department at a tertiary medical center between June 2021 and October 2023. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) short forms. Logistic regression analysis identified risk factors for depression and anxiety. The study population included 159 patients, with 40.3% reporting worsening mental health, but only about half of them received therapy. Among the study participants, 22.6% experienced symptoms of depression and 30.2% experienced symptoms of anxiety. Single-cancer patients and those with metastases were at increased risk for depression, while those with a disease duration of more than a year and patients with female-specific cancer were more likely to experience anxiety. Given the high prevalence of mental health deterioration in cancer patients, closer monitoring and validated assessment tools are essential to improve depression and anxiety diagnosis and facilitate early interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This article explores the impact of chemotherapy on ovarian function in female cancer survivors, emphasizing the importance of preserving fertility alongside cancer treatment. Chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure (CIOF) poses a significant concern, affecting patients' quality of life. The study aims to identify genetic markers predictive of CIOF through a systematic review of existing literature. The review identifies four relevant studies focusing on genetic factors associated with CIOF. Findings suggest potential associations between genetic variations, like CYP3A4*1B and GSTA1, and CIOF risk. Moreover, BRCA mutations may influence ovarian reserve recovery post-chemotherapy. While current assessment methods rely on biochemical tests and ultrasound imaging, genetic testing holds promise for personalized fertility preservation strategies. Integrating genetic markers into clinical practice could revolutionize decision making in fertility preservation for female cancer survivors, enhancing reproductive potential preservation. Background: Recent advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment have significantly improved survival rates among women of reproductive age facing cancer. However, the potential iatrogenic loss of fertility caused by chemotherapeutic agents underscores the need to understand and predict chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage. This study addresses this gap by systematically reviewing the literature to investigate genetic markers associated with chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure (CIOF). Objective: The primary objective is to identify genetic markers linked to CIOF, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing fertility preservation in female cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and OVID electronic databases from inception through December 2023. Studies were included if they featured genomic assessments of genes or polymorphisms related to CIOF in women with histologically confirmed tumors. Exclusion criteria comprised in vitro and animal studies, reviews, and pilot studies. The resulting four human-based studies were scrutinized for insights into genetic influences on CIOF. Results: Of the 5179 articles initially identified, four studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on alkylating agents, particularly cyclophosphamide, and anthracyclines. Su et al. explored CYP3A41B variants, revealing modified associations with CIOF based on age. Charo et al. investigated GSTA1 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms, emphasizing the need to consider age and tamoxifen therapy in assessing associations. Oktay et al. delved into the impact of BRCA mutations on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels post-chemotherapy, supported by in vitro assays. Van der Perk et al. focused on childhood cancer survivors and revealed significant associations of CYP3A43 and CYP2B6*2 SNPs with AMH levels. Conclusions: This systematic review analyzes evidence regarding genetic markers influencing CIOF, emphasizing the complex interplay of age, specific genetic variants, and chemotherapy regimens. The findings underscore the need for a personalized approach in assessing CIOF risk, integrating genetic markers with traditional ovarian reserve testing. The implications of this study extend to potential advancements in fertility preservation strategies, offering clinicians a comprehensive baseline assessment for tailored interventions based on each patient's unique genetic profile. Further research is essential to validate these findings and establish a robust framework for integrating genetic markers into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Lung-resected patients experience physical deterioration that limits their quality of life, but there are important gaps in the knowledge of the evolution of this deterioration. The aim of this study was to assess physical deterioration in lung cancer survivors in the short and medium term, using self-administered functional measures that would allow us to obtain information about patients' perceptions. These results can facilitate the future management of lung cancer patients after resection, reducing the sequelae they suffer and improving their quality of life. Background. Lung resection represents the main curative treatment modality for lung cancer. These patients present with physical deterioration that has been studied previously using objective variables; however, no previous studies have evaluated the self-perceived physical fitness of these patients. For these reasons, to increase the current knowledge on lung cancer patients' impairment, the aim of this study was to characterize the self-perceived physical deconditioning of lung cancer patients undergoing lung resection in the short and medium term after surgery. Methods. A longitudinal, observational, prospective cohort study was performed in the Thoracic Surgery Service of the Hospital Virgen de las Nieves (Granada). Symptoms (pain, fatigue, cough and dyspnea) and physical fitness (upper and lower limbs) were assessed before surgery, at discharge and at one month after discharge. Results. Among the total of 88 patients that we included in our study, significant differences were found at discharge in symptoms (p < 0.05) and physical fitness (p < 0.05). One month after surgery, higher levels of pain (p = 0,002) and dyspnea (p = 0.007) were observed, as well as poorer results in the upper (p = 0.023) and lower limbs' physical fitness, with regard to the initial values. Conclusions. Patients undergoing lung resection present an increase in symptoms and physical fitness deterioration at discharge, which is maintained one month after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of positive psychological interventions on quality of life, positive psychological outcomes and negative psychological outcomes in patients with cancer. Background: Patients with cancer often suffer from various psychological problems and have a poor quality of life. Positive psychological interventions have been increasingly applied to patients with cancer, but the results of these studies have not been synthesized. Design: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials according to PRISMA. Methods: Six English databases and four Chinese databases were searched from the inception to December 2022. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. RevMan was used for meta‐analysis. Results: Twenty‐nine randomized controlled trials examined the effects of positive psychological interventions including meaning therapy, dignity therapy, positive psychotherapy, mindfulness‐ based intervention, life review, expressive writing intervention, acceptance and commitment psychotherapy, attention and interpretation therapy, compassion training and spiritual therapy on patients with cancer. Positive psychological interventions significantly improved the quality of life, enhanced positive psychological outcomes including well‐being, meaning of life, self‐esteem, optimism, resilience and self‐efficacy and alleviated negative psychological outcomes including depression, anxiety and hopelessness. However, the heterogeneity of some outcomes was rather high, due to the wide diversity of the interventions included. Conclusion: Positive psychological interventions have potentially positive effects on improving quality of life, enhancing positive psychological outcomes and alleviating negative psychological outcomes in patients with cancer. However, due to the heterogeneity and the lack of follow‐up studies, more high‐quality studies are needed to confirm the results of our review and to clarify the long‐term effects of positive psychological interventions. Relevance to clinical practice: As feasible psychological interventions, healthcare professionals can consider applying appropriate positive psychological interventions according to the condition of cancer patients. Patient or public contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To explore and analyse the adaptation process of patients and their families at the point of lung cancer diagnosis. Methods: Totally 23 operable lung cancer patients were included in this study. Colaizzi's method of phenomenology was employed for data analysis. Results: This study found two different aspects of family adaptation at the diagnosis of lung cancer. For family resilience, three themes emerged: (1) Positive family belief systems (giving meaning to a cancer diagnosis and maintaining a positive/optimistic attitude), (2) Flexible family organizational patterns (maintaining the stability of family structure and function, adjusting the relationship between patients and family members and receiving external support and help) and (3) Good communication and problem‐solving strategies (open communication on an equal basis, positive and open expression of emotions and collaborative problem‐solving). For family vulnerability, three themes were as follows: (1) Negative family belief systems (negative attitudes and concealment and self‐isolation due to stigma), (2) Rigid family organizational patterns (adaptation lost, conflicts between family support and patients' willingness and pressure upon social support) and (3) Unhealthy communication and problem‐solving (poor communication, emotional asymmetry of family members and tendency to solve problems alone). Conclusion: The study highlights the existence of the family resilience and family vulnerability at the point of lung cancer diagnosis and provides patient's perspective for understanding family resilience in specific cultural contexts. Patient Contribution: The data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews. Trail registration number: ChiCTR2300074801. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Dyspnea, affecting up to 60% of cancer patients, exacerbates physical and psychological distress, reducing quality of life. This study aims to explore the relationship between dyspnea and factors such as age, sex, clinical diagnosis, and treatment lines in cancer patients, with the goal of improving understanding and management of this debilitating symptom to enhance patient care and quality of life. Methods: This study employed an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive approach to investigate patients with oncological disease at the University Hospital of Salamanca between March 2021 and April 2024. A convenience sample was selected, including patients over 18 years old with a pathological diagnosis of cancer, experiencing any degree of dyspnea, and who consented to participate by signing the informed consent. Exclusion criteria included lack of consent and clinical conditions that prevented an interview. The studied variables encompass sociodemographic (age, gender, diagnosis, tumor stage, number of treatment lines) and clinical aspects (daily activities, degree of dyspnea, functional capacity, physical performance), evaluated using the Barthel Index, the mMRC Dyspnea Scale, the ECOG Scale, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Data were collected through semistructured interviews and medical records, and analyzed using specialized software. This research has ethical approval CEiM Code 2023 12 1472, Reference 2024/01. Results: The mean age was 66.82 years. Lung cancer was predominant (60.2%), with most patients in stage 3 (65.7%) and receiving three treatment lines (68.7%). Higher age, advanced disease stage, and more treatment lines correlated with lower Barthel and SPPB scores, and higher ECOG and mMRC scores, indicating worse functionality, physical performance, and greater dyspnea. No significant correlations were found between gender or pathological diagnosis and the studied variables. Conclusions: Advanced age, higher disease stage, and more treatment lines are associated with decreased functionality, poorer physical performance, and increased dyspnea in cancer patients. Gender and specific cancer diagnosis do not significantly affect these relationships. Addressing dyspnea is crucial to improving the quality of life and physical performance in this population. Future studies should explore additional factors like treatment types and nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spiritual care for patients at the end of life is an important element in their holistic care. The aim of this study is to assess the opinions of cancer patients with limited prognosis about the importance of faith in fighting illness and the factors contributing to a better adjustment to illness and to their self-reconciliation and spiritual well-being. Material and Methods: This study used a specially designed questionnaire for cancer patients with limited prognosis. The 30 respondents were patients with an estimated prognosis of less than 1 month, cared for in a unit with palliative and home care beds. Results: The patients emphasized the importance of family as a supporter in the fight against disease (90%), followed by faith (66.7%) and a care team (63.3%). The most common concerns expressed were related to the course of their disease, family distress, fear of death, and the Russian–Ukrainian war. Conclusion: Family and faith represent important factors in supporting and caring for a patient at the end-of-life. Patients who felt spiritually at peace and were supported in their faith by family and a priest had a better spiritual state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Opt2Move is a theory-guided moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) promotion trial that uses multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) methodology to evaluate the individual and combined effects of four intervention components in a full factorial experiment among young adult cancer survivors (YACS; N = 304). All participants will receive the core mHealth MVPA intervention, which includes a Fitbit and standard self-monitoring Opt2Move smartphone application. YACS will be randomized to one of 16 conditions to receive between zero and four additional components each with two levels (yes v. no): E-Coach, buddy, general mindfulness, and MVPA-specific mindfulness. Objective: The primary aim is to determine the individual and combined effects of the components on MVPA post-intervention (12-weeks) and at 24-week follow-up. The secondary aim is to examine how changes in MVPA are associated with patient-reported outcomes, light-intensity activity, sedentary time, and sleep duration and quality. Potential mediators and moderators of component effects will also be examined. Results: Results will support the selection of a package of intervention components optimized to maximize MVPA to be tested in a randomized controlled trial. Conclusion: Opt2Move represents the first systematic effort to use MOST to design an optimized, scalable mHealth MVPA intervention for YACS and will lead to an improved understanding of how to effectively change YACS' MVPA and ultimately, improve health and disease outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Oncology and palliative care guidelines for patients with incurable cancer recommend supporting patients at the end of life (EOL) by considering their personal values, wishes, and goals to facilitate decision making in advance care planning and patient‐centered care. It is unclear, though, how to successfully address and integrate personal values in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to explore values, wishes, and goals from the perspective of patients with advanced lung cancer. Methods. Semistructured interviews were conducted with patients with advanced lung cancer and transcribed verbatim. The data were analysed using a structured content analysis. After identification of main categories, values were identified using Schwartz's Theory of Basic Human Values as a theoretical framework. Results. Identified main categories were "the individual in medical care," "living now," and "coming to terms." Values in the dimensions "conservation" and "openness to change" were described concerning patient‐physician interaction, therapy goals, preparedness for EOL, and life goals. "Self‐transcendence" values mainly related to caring for the burden on relatives. In general, patients showed reluctance in expressing information about personal values when communicating with physicians. Conclusion. Patients with advanced lung cancer engage in various ways to determine how they want and can influence their life and medical care. Different values and the associated wishes and goals play a crucial role in this context and should be taken into account by healthcare providers. The reluctance to express personal information in medical encounters underscores the need for a proactive attitude in physicians and improved interprofessional collaboration. The study was registered in the German register for clinical trials (DRKS00026993). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Person-centred care is becoming increasingly recognised as an important element of palliative care. The current review syntheses evidence in relation to transitions in advanced cancer patients with palliative care needs. The review focuses on specific elements which will inform the Pal-Cycles programme, for patients with advanced cancer transitioning from hospital care to community care. Elements of transitional models for cancer patients may include, identification of palliative care needs, compassionate communication with the patient and family members, collaborative effort to establish a multi-dimensional treatment plan, review and evaluation of the treatment plan and identification of the end of life phase. Methods: A scoping review of four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies published from January 2013 to October, 2022. A further hand-search of references to locate additional relevant studies was also undertaken. Inclusion criteria involved cancer patients transitions of care with a minimum of two of components from those listed above. Studies were excluded if they were literature reviews, if transition of care was related to cancer survivors, involved non-cancer patients, had paediatric population, if the transition implied a change of therapy and or a lack of physical transit to a non-hospital place of care. This review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's framework and narrative synthesis was used. Results: Out of 5695 records found, 14 records were selected. Transition models identified: increases in palliative care consultations, hospice referrals, reduction in readmission rates and the ability to provide end of life care at home. Transition models highlight emotional and spiritual support for patients and families. No uniform model of transition was apparent, this depends on the healthcare system where it is implemented. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of collaboration, coordination and communication as central mechanisms for transitional model for patients with advanced cancer. This may require careful planning and will need to be tailored to the contexts of each healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigated changes in psychological and physiological indices in cancer survivors who participated in a forest therapy camp in Korea. Methods: A total of 37 cancer survivors (19 and 18 in the experimental and control groups, respectively) participated in this study. Over a 2-night and 3-day period, the participants in the experimental group took part in a forest therapy camp that included activities such as gymnastics, walking, five-senses experiences, and meditation. Both groups completed self-report questionnaires that measured their stress levels and profile of mood states, both before and after the forest therapy camp. Blood samples were collected to measure the levels of cortisol, serotonin, and natural killer (NK) cells. Results: After the forest therapy camp, the experimental group exhibited reduced stress levels (p = .031) and a significant improvement in total mood disturbance (p = . 047) when compared with the control group. The level of serotonin also significantly increased (p < .001). However, in contrast to the prediction, a significant increase in cortisol was noted in the experimental group relative to the control group (p = .016). Moreover, no significant difference in NK cells was noted between the two groups. Conclusion: Forest therapy can be easily applied to cancer survivors. The positive psychological effects of the forest therapy camp were confirmed by improvements in stress and mood states and the increased level of serotonin in forest therapy camp participants. However, there is a need for a follow-up evaluation of cortisol and NK cells due to the absence of significant between-group differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) became a widely adapted and introduced concept of multimodal pain control. However, this idea was not standardized and left room for exploration of a variety of different analgesic modalities. One such modality is the bilateral quadratus lumborum (QL) catheter block that was introduced in 2018 but is not yet been fully studied in the gynecological oncology population. Objective: Authors hypothesized that use of these catheters would help with pain management and decrease opioid consumption in the postoperative period. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted from 2018 to 2020 looking at patients with known gynecological malignancy who underwent an exploratory laparotomy. Groups who had the QL block were compared with those without the block. Primary outcome was opioid consumption measured in morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Secondary outcomes looked at opioid consumption analyzed by adjuvants used in the block, length until ambulation, and length of stay in the hospital. Results: Authors found that the results showed no difference on MME used on postoperative day (POD) 1 (p = 0.704), POD2 (p = 0.562), and POD3 (p =0.749, or combined over the 3 days (p = 0.597). Secondary outcomes also showed no difference: length to ambulation (p = 0.704), length of stay (p = 0.912), and QL adjuvant epinephrine (p = 1.0) and dexamethasone (p = 1.0). Results suggest that a variety of confounders may have influenced statistical significance when providers notice a clinical difference in pain control in patients who have a QL block. Conclusions: This study provides the first step in understanding pain control with blocks and paves the way for a future trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the psychological wellbeing of people with cancer is a key component of assessment and intervention in quality cancer care. However, the unique experiences of rural cancer populations are less often explored than those from urban centres. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of Australian studies that compared the psychological wellbeing experiences of people with cancer from rural and urban locations. Five databases were searched, and 19 studies, involving 16,947 participants, assessing and comparing the psychological wellbeing of rural and urban populations with cancer were included. The analysis indicated that Australian rural cancer populations have greater odds of worse psychological wellbeing than those from urban areas (OR = 1.54, 95% CI [1.01, 2.35], p = 0.044). This disparity remains when cancer types are analysed separately, with a slightly smaller odds ratio for rural people with breast cancer (OR = 1.29, 95%CI [1.01, 1.64], p = 0.046) and a slightly larger odds ratio when cancers excluding breast cancer were reviewed (OR = 1.78, 95% CI [1.59, 2.01], p = <.001). Significant heterogeneity was found. Despite increasing emphasis in Australia on psychological wellbeing throughout the cancer journey, there remain significant disparities whereby rural people experience greater impacts upon their psychological wellbeing. The wellbeing of Australian rural populations with cancer remains an area in which clinical and political focus is imperative. Whilst screening is a necessary first step, additional clinical implications for improving rural access to appropriately skilled health professionals who provide oncology-specific assessment and intervention are suggested. What is already known: Cancer is a major public health issue, and its psychosocial impacts are substantial, not just on patients but on their families and the broader community. The prevalence of clinically significant psychological distress is higher amongst people with cancer than the general population. However, identification, treatment, and provision of psychological support is inconsistent across services and geographical areas, and notably lacking in rural areas. Disparities in screening, assessment and intervention for psychological wellbeing in people with cancer remain, despite the fact that systematic application of screening, appropriate referral, and intervention can improve quality of life and reduce healthcare costs associated with inpatient and outpatient cancer care. What this paper adds: This article extends outcomes from previous systematic reviews and analyses from Australia and internationally with the addition of meta-analytic methods. It was specifically designed to solely focus on Australian cancer populations. The results suggest that Australian rural populations with cancer may have anywhere from 30% to 70% greater odds of experiencing poorer psychological wellbeing than those from urban areas. This paper highlights ongoing disparities in rural psycho-oncology that may be impacting wellbeing outcomes from rural people in Australia, and urges psychologists, other health professionals, and policy-makers to proactively address these inequities with improved screening, assessment and intervention for their rural populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ever-growing body of empirical evidence has demonstrated the relationship between depression and cancer. The objective of this study was to examine whether depression trajectories predict mortality risk above and beyond demographics and other general health-related factors. Participants (n = 2,345) were a part of the Health and Retirement Study. The sample consisted of patients who were assessed once before their cancer diagnosis and thrice after. Depressive symptoms and general health-related factors were based on self-reports. Mortality risk was determined based on whether the patient was alive or not at respective time points. Latent Growth Mixture Modeling was performed to map trajectories of depression, assess differences in trajectories based on demographics and general health-related factors, and predict mortality risk. Four trajectories of depression symptoms emerged: resilient (69.7%), emerging (13.5%), recovery (9.5%), and chronic (7.2%). Overall, females, fewer years of education, higher functional impairment at baseline, and high mortality risk characterized the emerging, recovery, and chronic trajectories. In comparison to the resilient trajectory, mortality risk was highest for the emerging trajectory and accounted for more than half of the deaths recorded for the participants in emerging trajectory. Mortality risk was also significantly elevated, although to a lesser degree, for the recovery and chronic trajectories. The data highlights clinically relevant information about the depression-cancer association that can have useful implications towards cancer treatment, recovery, and public health. Highlights: Cancer and depression are highly comorbid. This prospective study examines depression trajectories in cancer patients. Chronic, emerging, and recovery trajectories significantly predicted mortality risk. Resilience was the modal response. Demographic differences and functional impairment distinguished trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Familism, the cultural value that emphasizes feelings of loyalty and dedication to one's family, has been related to both positive and negative outcomes in Hispanic cancer survivors. One potential source of observed inconsistencies may be limited attention to the family environment, as familism may be protective in a cohesive family whereas it can exacerbate distress in a conflictive family. Purpose: The current study explored the associations of familism with general and disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Hispanic men who completed prostate cancer (PC) treatment, and whether family cohesion may help explain these relationships. Methods: Hispanic men treated for localized PC (e.g., radiation, surgery) were enrolled in a randomized controlled stress management trial and assessed prior to randomization. Familism (familial obligation) was assessed using Sabogal's Familism Scale and family cohesion was measured using the Family Environment Scale (ranging from high to low). The sexual, urinary incontinence, and urinary obstructive/irritative domains of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite – Short Form measured disease-specific HRQoL. The physical, emotional, and functional well-being subscales of the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – General captured general HRQoL. Hierarchical linear regression and the SPSS PROCESS macro were used to conduct moderation analyses, while controlling for relevant covariates. Results: Participants were 202 older men on average 65.7 years of age (SD = 8.0) who had been diagnosed with PC an average of 22 months prior to enrollment. Familism was not directly associated with general and disease-specific HRQoL. Moderation analyses revealed that greater familism was related to poorer urinary functioning in the incontinence (p =.03) and irritative/obstructive domains (p =.01), and lower emotional well-being (p =.02), particularly when family cohesion was low. Conclusions: These findings underscore the importance of considering contextual factors, such as family cohesion, in understanding the influence of familism on general and disease-specific HRQoL among Hispanic PC patients. The combined influence of familism and family cohesion predicts clinically meaningful differences in urinary functioning and emotional well-being during the posttreatment phase. Culturally sensitive psychosocial interventions to boost family cohesion and leverage the positive impact of familistic attitudes are needed to enhance HRQoL outcomes in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with cancer are recommended to engage in regular physical activity (PA) even during cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to explore how patient-reported physician PA counseling influences their PA intention and behavior in addition to psycho-cognitive determinants derived from the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A longitudinal study during cancer treatment was conducted among N = 115 patients with breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer (Mage = 58.0, SD = 11.5; 55.7% female). The median time since diagnosis was 2 months, and 19.1% were diagnosed with metastases. Participants provided information on PA counseling by their physicians and on psycho-cognitive variables of the TPB at three measurement points. Additionally, they wore accelerometers for seven days at baseline and three months later. Nearly half of participants (48%) reported basic PA counseling and 30% reported in-depth PA counseling. Patients in poorer health and with lower education reported significantly less in-depth counseling. In addition to patient self-efficacy in performing PA, only in-depth physician PA counseling, but not basic physician counseling, predicted intention for PA four weeks later. Patients' PA three months after baseline was predicted by patients' PA at baseline and their intention for PA. Overall, the PA level at baseline was identified as the most important predictor of PA three months later. Nevertheless, physicians seem to have the ability to increase their cancer patients' intention for PA by in-depth counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is especially prevalent among women. It can affect patients' sexual function, body image, and marital relations. The aim of present study was to investigate the relationship between body image and sexual function among women with breast cancer. This case–control study was done online on patients admitted to the clinic of breast cancer in 2021 in Jahrom, Iran. The sample consisted of 222 women (111 with breast cancer who had undergone mastectomy and 111 without breast cancer). To collect data, two questionnaires, female sexual function index and body image scale, were used. p < 0.05 was significant. Sexual dysfunction among women with breast cancer was 91%. The most common disorder was sexual arousal. Comparing sexual domains: desires disorder (OR: 3.11, 95% CI: 1.63–5.49), arousal disorder (3.31, 95% CI: 1.16–9.45), orgasm (OR: 4.08, 95% CI: 1.57–10.55), vaginal lubrication (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.06–6.76), sexual satisfaction (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.11–6.36), and painful intercourse (OR = 2.03 95% CI = 0.95–4.35) saw a decrease in the women with breast cancer group compared to the control group. The body image concern among women with breast cancer (51.56 ± 15.09) compared to the control (45.80 ± 16.82) was significant (OR = OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.22–5.81). Women with breast cancer undergo problems in sexuality and are afraid of their body image. Moreover, there is a correlation between sexuality and body image. Therefore, it is necessary to inform patients about the effects of treatments and the side effects of breast cancer on sexuality. Sexual dysfunctions are highly prevalent among women with breast cancer, and have been associated with body image. This study examined the relationship between body image and sexual function among women with breast cancer. Orgasm and libido, lubrication, and satisfaction decrease in women with breast cancer compared to healthy women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Few studies have specifically targeted symptom management interventions for adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. A greater understanding of AYA cancer survivors' experiences with cancer treatment-related symptoms would help develop age-appropriate oncology symptom management interventions. The purpose of this qualitative analysis was to explore AYA cancer survivors' experience with cancer treatment-related symptoms. Methods: Nineteen post-treatment AYA cancer survivors (18–39 years old) who self-reported moderate–severe cancer treatment-related symptom severity participated in video conferencing or telephone interviews. The questions in the interview guide queried participants to share their experience with cancer treatment-related symptoms. Inductive content analysis was used to identify themes from the interviews. Results: The themes that emerged from the interviews included (1) cancer treatment-related symptoms negatively affected AYA cancer survivors' quality of life (e.g., symptoms served as a reminder of cancer recurrence possibility); (2) AYA cancer survivors' attitudes and feelings about communicating cancer treatment-related symptom concerns to clinicians (e.g., patient–clinician communication was bolstered when AYAs perceived that symptoms were being taken seriously); (3) AYA cancer survivors are interested in oncology symptom management clinical trials, but logistical challenges are barriers to participation; and (4) AYA cancer survivors are interested in nonpharmacological treatments for symptom management. Conclusion: Results highlight the burden of cancer treatment-related symptoms on day-to-day life among post-treatment AYA cancer survivors. Future work is needed to identify nonpharmacological symptom management interventions, strategies to improve patient–clinician communication about symptoms, and strategies to increase the visibility and accessibility of symptom management clinical trials for AYA cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Reproductive health (RH) is a critical issue among cancer survivors worldwide. However, in developing countries where RH services for patients with cancer are often lacking, reproductive concerns among adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors remain uncertain. In this study, we assessed the reproductive concerns of AYA cancer survivors in a resource-limited context of Uganda. Methods: We collected data from AYA cancer survivors at two facilities in Uganda using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were calculated, one-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparisons, and multiple regressions were used to test for predictors of reproductive concerns. Results: A total of 110 AYA cancer survivors, with a median age of 20 years (interquartile range [IQR], 18–22), were interviewed. More than half (53.6%) of the respondents were males. The median time since cancer diagnosis was 19 months (IQR, 13.0–35.0). Almost all (91.8%) respondents had a future desire to have children, but only 15.5% received reproductive counseling. The mean total score for the reproductive concern subscales was highest for the fertility concern, followed by the information-seeking and health-related concerns. Reproductive counseling, desire to have children, and respondents' age were the factors influencing reproductive concern. Conclusions: The study shows a strong desire for biological parenthood with very low reproductive counseling among AYA cancer survivors, who remain concerned about their fertility, information needs, and health. This outcome underscores the need to integrate RH services into resource-limited cancer care settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Social anxiety disorder (SAD) remains an understudied potential link between the cancer experience and adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors' poor psychosocial outcomes. We investigated the frequency and duration of, as well as factors associated with, symptoms of SAD among AYAs with cancer. Methods: This longitudinal, mixed-methods study involved online surveys (including a validated screening tool for SAD) at recruitment and 6 months later, and a structured clinical interview. Results: Twenty-eight AYAs (aged 12–30 years, <1-year postdiagnosis, 50% male) completed the first survey (M = 6 months postdiagnosis). About 32% reported clinically significant SAD symptoms. Fourteen completed the follow-up survey (M = 12 months postdiagnosis), of which 9 (62%) reported persistent or worse symptoms of SAD significantly associated with emotional distress, physical appearance concerns, negative social cognitions, and depression. Conclusion: A subset of AYAs with cancer may experience clinically significant SAD symptoms that can affect their psychosocial well-being. Further work on how to best identify and support AYAs with SAD is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Assessing patient and guardian experiences regarding their history of ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) years after initial procedure. Methods: Cross-sectional follow-up telephone survey. A questionnaire developed by The Pediatric Initiative Network of the Oncofertility Consortium, modified to assess intent and attitudes regarding OTC, tissue access knowledge, financial burden of tissue storage, and intent to use tissue, was utilized. Interviews were conducted for those who underwent OTC at a metropolitan children's hospital between 2013 and 2022. Results: Of 60 eligible patients, 39 interviews were completed. Contacted patients were 3–28 years old, with minors accompanied by guardians. Average age at OTC was 8.5 years old, and 5.1% (2/39) were deceased at the time of contact. All interviewees underwent OTC for fertility preservation before gonadotoxic treatment. Seventy percent of patients (7/10) and 48.1% (13/27) of guardians stated they would use frozen tissue for pregnancy, with 50% (5/10) of patients and 59.3% (16/27) of guardians not understanding tissue access. Regret occurred in 10% (1/10) of patients and 3.4% (1/29) of guardians. It was associated with 10.8% (4/37) of tissue discard due to failed storage payments. Financial concerns occurred in 29.7% (11/37) of interviewees. Overall, 92.3% (36/39) would recommend OTC, and 94.9% (37/39) would repeat their choice to undergo OTC. Conclusion: Follow-up after OTC is essential to patient understanding of tissue status, access, and payments. Most do not regret OTC, except in cases of financial burden leading to tissue discard. Follow-up should be sequentially scheduled and include counseling on financial assistance programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female survivors of young adult (YA) cancers are at risk of fertility impacts following cancer treatment. For these women, fertility-related distress is both prevalent and persistent. Yet there is little research regarding survivors' perspectives on alternative family-building options, particularly adoption. This exploratory secondary data analysis analyzed semistructured interviews and explored survivors' views of adoption. Overall, female YA survivors reported openness to adoption as a possible substitute for biological conception and an alternative to fertility preservation. It is imperative that this population receives support in decision-making around and consideration of the unique barriers to adoption for cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Empowering adolescents and young adult (AYA) patients to be involved in cancer responsibilities (e.g., remembering medications), as opposed to solely relying on caregivers, may have important short- and long-term benefits for development and disease management. This study explored perceptions of AYA engagement with cancer-related responsibilities and plans for transferring these responsibilities from caregivers to AYAs. Methods: A total of 30 AYA-caregiver dyads (including 11 early adolescents, 10 adolescents, and 9 young adults who were receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation) jointly completed a semi-structured interview. Interviews assessed the present allocation of cancer responsibilities within the family, how cancer responsibilities were divided this way, and prompted a dyadic discussion to draft a plan to transfer a responsibility to the AYA in the future. Directed content analysis techniques were used to identify and organize relevant themes. Results: Themes showed that (1) cancer responsibilities were initially assumed "naturally" by caregivers, without much formal discussion; (2) greater AYA involvement in cancer care reflected AYA (e.g., age, willingness) and caregiver factors (e.g., knowledge/skills, anxiety); (3) over time, dyads mutually prioritized AYA engagement with cancer care; and (4) the need for more proactive clinical support with transferring care tasks to AYAs. Discussion: Caregivers play a key role in managing cancer care with or for AYAs, with the allocation of these responsibilities being influenced by several factors that can shift over time. Dyads typically viewed the transfer process as important but desired more clinical support. This reflects a potential self-management care gap to address in future studies and dyadic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We investigated the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of an adolescent and young adult (AYA)-aged South African childhood cancer survivor (CCS) cohort. Methods: Participants completed the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life adolescent and adult forms. The overall Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.81 (adolescent form) and 0.92 (adult form). The scale-level content validity indexes were acceptable (0.88 and 0.89 for the adolescent and adult forms, respectively). The total domain and overall HRQoL scores were calculated. Results: Sixty-two survivors completed the adolescent form and 30 completed the adult form. The median age was 17.5 years (range 13–34 years), and the median time from diagnosis was 12 years (male:female ratio 1:1.2). Risk factors for poor physical functioning included age at study visit (p = 0.015), solid tumor diagnosis (p = 0.012), radiotherapy (p = 0.021), and surgery (p = 0.006). Six or more late effects impacted most domains negatively; severe late effects (p = 0.020) decreased physical functioning. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with poorer physical (p = 0.006) and cognitive (p = 0.047) functioning. The adult form cohort had poorer psychological (p = 0.014) and social functioning (p = 0.005) and body image (p = 0.016) than the adolescent form cohort. Conclusion: Older age, radiotherapy, surgery, solid tumor diagnosis, and the number and severity of late effects negatively influenced HRQoL in AYA-aged CCSs. A long-term follow-up (LTFU) risk stratification system should include HRQoL status to assist with holistic LTFU care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaphors are pervasive in cancer discourse. However, little is known about how metaphor use develops over time within the same patient, and how metaphor use and its content relate to the mental health of the patient. Here, we analyzed metaphor use in personal essays written by breast cancer patients shortly after the time of diagnosis and nine months later, in relation to their depressive symptoms at both time points. Results show that metaphor use can provide important insight into a patient's current mental state. Specifically, patients who had no change in their depressive symptom levels used metaphors more densely after nine months. In addition, metaphor valence in the later essay was associated with depressive symptoms at study entry and nine months after. Lastly, we observed a shift in metaphor reference pattern for different symptom trajectories, such that those who recovered from initially elevated depressive symptoms used fewer self-referencing metaphors and more cancer-referencing metaphors in their later essay. Our work suggests that metaphor use reflects how a patient is coping with their diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provider empathy is a crucial component in establishing therapeutic provider–patient relationships. The benefits of increased perceptions of empathy can support patient psychological adjustment to their cancer as well as patients' comfort and confidence in disclosing to providers, ultimately promoting patient engagement. Guided by the disclosure decision-making model, this manuscript explores how perceptions of empathy influence patient psychological adjustment and how those variables influence patient disclosure efficacy. The model ultimately predicts patient sharing and withholding of information during the medical interaction. This study tested a mediation model to investigate how current (n = 111) and former (n = 174) breast cancer patients' psychological adjustment mediates the relationship between patient perceptions of oncologist empathic communication and efficacy to disclose health information to their oncologist and their disclosure enactment in sharing and withholding. Overall, former patients compared to current patients had more positive perceptions of their oncologist's empathic communication, had better psychological adjustment, felt more self-efficacy to disclose to their oncologist, and shared more and withheld less information from their oncologist (p <.05 in all cases). Structural equation modeling revealed good fit to the data for both current and former patients such that more perceived empathic communication was associated with more efficacy for disclosure, which was associated with more sharing and less withholding. Additionally, there was an indirect relationship from perceptions of empathic communication to disclosure efficacy through patients' psychological adjustment to the diagnosis. Results reinforce the importance of providers' empathic communication for cancer patients' psychological adjustment because patient sharing and withholding of information remain crucially important to achieving holistic care across the cancer trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health of breast cancer survivors is a global concern. It is crucial to adopt a holistic approach when understanding their journey from illness to wellness in order to ensure that the transition is as smooth as possible. This study focused on the experiences of Muslim women who had overcome breast cancer and were adapting to life post-treatment. Snowball sampling was used to select the participants for this qualitative study. Fifteen women who had successfully completed breast cancer treatment and been declared cancer-free were interviewed. These interviews were semi-structured, using open-ended questions to explore their experiences in-depth. The interviews were conducted by phone, and the data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The study identified four main themes, nine subthemes, and 41 codes. The main themes were as follows: (a) a life changed by cancer and the difficulties encountered; (b) transition from active treatment to treatment-free living; (c) coping mechanisms; and (d) future hopes and expectations. The findings highlighted the survivors' desire to move past their experience of cancer and normalize their lives, as well as emphasizing their need for support. The participants shared detailed accounts of their journey, the obstacles they encountered during this transition, and the critical role of religion and spirituality in overcoming these challenges. Understanding and effectively managing the experiences of women after breast cancer treatment is vital not only for improving survival rates but also for facilitating their healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression) and HRQoL in cancer patients is currently gaining momentum, yet, no research to date has investigated the nature of this relationship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating role of social support in the relationship between ER and HRQoL in Nigerian cancer patients. Participants included 361 cancer patients (female = 56.79%, mean age = 41.61, SD 15.47) conveniently drawn from the oncology unit of the University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. They completed the measures of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), emotion regulation and Perceived Social Support. The moderated regression analysis via PROCESS procedures for SPSS Version 3 was used for data analysis. The results showed that cognitive reappraisal significantly predicted HRQoL (β = 2.12, t = 4.39, p =.000). Social support also significantly predicted HRQoL (β =.73, t = 4.57, p =.000). Most importantly, social support moderated the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and HRQoL (β = −.034, t= −4.23, p =.000), but not between expressive suppression and HRQoL (β = −.015, t= −1.61, p =.10). The moderation slope revealed that cognitive reappraisal significantly predicted HRQoL particularly at lower and moderate levels of social support. These findings reveal that the effect of emotion regulation on HRQoL depends much on an individual's level of perceived social support. It also means that social support boosted the positive impact of emotion regulation on HRQoL. The findings highlighted the importance of social-support and emotion regulation particularly, cognitive-reappraisal in improving health-related quality of life in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Breast cancer is a major health concern worldwide, with mortality rates varying between ethnic groups. In Israel, Jewish and Muslim Arab women have different socioeconomic backgrounds and lifestyle factors that may influence breast cancer outcomes. This study investigates disparities in breast cancer mortality between these two groups and examines how factors such as number of children, socioeconomic status, and place of residence affect mortality rates. By analyzing data from over 800,000 Israeli women over a 30-year period, the researchers aim to understand the complex interplay among ethnicity, sociodemographic factors, and breast cancer mortality. The findings of this study could help identify key risk factors and protective elements specific to each ethnic group. This information is crucial for developing targeted intervention programs to reduce disparities and improve breast cancer outcomes for both Jewish and Muslim Arab women in Israel. Breast cancer mortality rates vary across ethnic groups in Israel, where protective factors such as high fertility and breastfeeding rates may be moderated by socioeconomic factors and mammography rates. We aim to investigate disparities in breast cancer mortality between Jewish and Muslim Arab women in Israel and examine how sociodemographic variables and number of children are associated with mortality. Our retrospective follow-up study uses data from the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics and multivariable Cox regression models, adjusting for age, number of children, country of origin, locality size, and socioeconomic status. Compared to Jewish women, Muslim Arab women exhibited lower breast cancer mortality rates. However, after adjusting for multiple sociodemographic variables, no significant differences persisted between Jewish and Muslim Arab women. Having more than three children was associated with lower mortality among Muslim Arab women but not among Jewish women. European/American origin, larger localities, and medium socioeconomic status were associated with higher mortality. Sociodemographic factors may therefore explain the disparities in breast cancer mortality between Jewish and Muslim Arab women in Israel. Targeted intervention programs that consider the unique characteristics and risk factors of different ethnic groups are needed to reduce disparities and improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) and its treatments can negatively affect patient quality of life (QoL). This study focused on assessing the impact on QoL in OPC survivors using the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 scales before treatment and in the first and third years after treatment. Of 72 patients treated for OPC, 51 completed all questionnaires over 3 years. A variable deterioration of the QoL scores was detected prior to treatment. Most items of QoL worsened significantly after treatment and during the first year and improved in the third year. Advanced-stage cancer and definitive chemoradiotherapy treatment showed the worst scores. Patients treated with an open surgical approach exhibited significant deterioration compared to transoral surgery. This prospective long-term study in a homogeneous group of OPC survivors showed that although QoL was generally good, patients needed a long period of time to recover from both cancer and treatment effects. (1) Background: This prospective study aimed to assess the impact on quality of life (QoL) from pretreatment to 3 years after treatment in oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) survivors. (2) Methods: QoL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-H&N35 scales before treatment and in the first and third years. (3) Results: Of 72 patients, 51 completed all questionnaires over 3 years. A variable deterioration of QoL scores was detected before treatment. Most items worsened significantly after treatment and during the first year and improved in the third year. Advanced-stage cancer and definitive chemoradiotherapy treatment showed the worst scores. At 3 years, patients who underwent surgery with adjuvant radiation therapy/chemotherapy had significantly better scores on global QoL and emotional functioning compared to those treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy, who also reported problems with sticky salivation and dry mouth. Patients treated with an open surgical approach showed significantly greater deterioration in physical and role functioning compared to transoral surgery. (4) Conclusions: This long-term prospective study is the first in Spain to use EORCT scales in a homogeneous group of OPC survivors. QoL was generally good, although patients needed a long period of time to recover from both cancer and side effects of treatment. Advanced-stage cancer and definitive chemoradiotherapy showed the worst scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study examines the relationship between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function and physical function, frailty, and quality of life (QoL) in older breast cancer survivors. Older breast cancer survivors who reported concerns participated in online surveys that included assessment of patient-reported cognitive function, physical function, frailty, and QoL. Participants then completed objective tests assessing visuospatial working memory and sustained attention. A total of 219 breast cancer survivors completed the study. Overall, older breast cancer survivors with higher perceived cognitive impairment reported poorer physical functioning, increased frailty, and poorer QoL (p ≤ 0.001). Poorer visuospatial working memory and sustained attention exhibited increased frailty (p ≤ 0.001–0.01); while poorer sustained attention was associated with poorer physical function (p < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest a need for a thorough assessment of cognitive concerns and their associated outcomes in older breast cancer survivors. Background: Older cancer survivors in general are at greater risk for cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), yet few studies have explored its association with health outcomes. This study examined the association between subjective and objective measures of cognitive function and physical function, frailty, and quality of life (QoL) among older breast cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: Older breast cancer survivors who reported cognitive concerns completed surveys on patient-reported cognitive function, physical function, frailty, and QoL as well as objective tests of visuospatial working memory and sustained attention. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and separate linear regression models. Results: A total of 219 female breast cancer survivors completed the study. Perceived cognitive abilities were associated with better physical function, frailty, and QoL (p ≤ 0.001) while cognitive concerns were negatively related with these metrics (p ≤ 0.001). Poorer visuospatial working memory and sustained attention were linked to increased frailty (p ≤ 0.001–0.01), whereas poorer sustained attention was associated with poorer physical function (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Older breast cancer survivors with perceived cognitive impairment and poorer cognitive performance reported poorer physical functioning, increased frailty, and poorer QoL. These findings underscore the importance of assessing cognitive concerns and their associated outcomes in older breast cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Prostate cancer (PCa) has significant disparities based on geography, affecting healthcare access and outcomes. This study reviews how Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to research these disparities. GIS helps visualize PCa incidence, survival, and mortality trends, but its application varies, leading to inconsistent results. The review followed Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 25 relevant studies. Most studies used GIS for mapping PCa data, geocoding, and spatial analysis to identify areas with poor PCa outcomes. However, inconsistencies in GIS methods and geographical scales used reduced the robustness of findings. The review suggests that better GIS techniques and interdisciplinary collaboration could improve the accuracy of PCa disparity research and support public health interventions. Introduction: PCa is one of the cancers that exhibits the widest disparity gaps. Geographical place of residence has been shown to be associated with healthcare access/utilization and PCa outcomes. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are widely being utilized for PCa disparities research, however, inconsistencies in their application exist. This systematic review will summarize GIS application within PCa disparities research, highlight gaps in the literature, and propose alternative approaches. Methods: This paper followed the methods of the Cochrane Collaboration and the criteria set of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Articles published in peer-reviewed journals were searched through the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases until December 2022. The main inclusion criteria were employing a GIS approach and examining a relationship between geographical components and PCa disparities. The main exclusion criteria were studies conducted outside the US and those that were not published in English. Results: A total of 25 articles were included; 23 focused on PCa measures as outcomes: incidence, survival, and mortality, while only 2 examined PCa management. GIS application in PCa disparities research was grouped into three main categories: mapping, processing, and analysis. GIS mapping allowed for the visualization of quantitative, qualitative, and temporal trends of PCa factors. GIS processing was mainly used for geocoding and smoothing of PCa rates. GIS analysis mainly served to evaluate global spatial autocorrelation and distribution of PCa cases, while local cluster identification techniques were mainly employed to identify locations with poorer PCa outcomes, soliciting public health interventions. Discussion: Varied GIS applications and methodologies have been used in researching PCa disparities. Multiple geographical scales were adopted, leading to variations in associations and outcomes. Geocoding quality varied considerably, leading to less robust findings. Limitations in cluster-detection approaches were identified, especially when variations were captured using the Spatial Scan Statistic. GIS approaches utilized in other diseases might be applied within PCa disparities research for more accurate inferences. A novel approach for GIS research in PCa disparities could be focusing more on geospatial disparities in procedure utilization especially when it comes to PCa screening techniques. Conclusions: This systematic review summarized and described the current state and trend of GIS application in PCa disparities research. Although GIS is of crucial importance when it comes to PCa disparities research, future studies should rely on more robust GIS techniques, carefully select the geographical scale studied, and partner with GIS scientists for more accurate inferences. Such interdisciplinary approaches have the potential to bridge the gaps between GIS and cancer prevention and control to further advance cancer equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Men with prostate cancer undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) have an increased risk of fractures. Despite this risk, fracture risk assessment is often not systematically applied. To address this issue, a care pathway for preventing fractures in these patients was developed. A multidisciplinary working group designed this pathway based on Dutch guidelines for prostate cancer, osteoporosis and fracture prevention and a thorough literature review. The care pathway includes five steps: case finding, fracture risk assessment, bone mineral density testing, vertebral fracture assessment, differential diagnosis, treatment, and annual follow-up. This pathway focuses on a patient-centered approach and early preventive measures. The ongoing implementation and evaluation aim to enhance fracture preventive care for men with prostate cancer starting ADT. Fracture risk is increased in men with prostate cancer (PCa) receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT). However, routine assessment of fracture risk is often not systematically applied. We aimed to establish a comprehensive care pathway for fracture prevention in men with PCa starting ADT. Therefore, a multidisciplinary working group designed and implemented a care pathway using the 'Knowledge to Action' framework, based on current Dutch guidelines for PCa, osteoporosis and fracture prevention, and an extensive literature review of other guidelines. The pathway was developed according to a five-step clinical approach including case finding, fracture risk assessment based on risk factors, bone mineral density test, vertebral fracture assessment, differential diagnosis, treatment, and annual follow-up. Our fracture prevention care pathway for patients with PCa at the time of ADT initiation was designed to promote a patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach to facilitate the implementation of early fracture prevention measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer detected among men and it is the second leading cause of death. According to the WHO, cobalt is probably involved in carcinogenesis. However, there are no studies related to cobalt levels and survival in prostate cancer patients. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the relationship between serum cobalt levels and survival among prostate cancer patients taking into consideration prostate cancer-specific deaths and non-cancer causes of death. Our findings, based on 261 Polish prostate cancer patients, show that individuals with high serum cobalt levels have a significantly worse survival compared to participants with low serum cobalt levels. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men and the second leading cause of death in male cancer patients. The WHO suggests that cobalt is involved in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer. There are, however, no studies associating cobalt levels and prostate cancer patient survival. In this study, 261 Polish prostate cancer (n = 261) patients were recruited into a prospective cohort between 2009 and 2015. Serum cobalt levels were measured using ICP-MS after prostate cancer diagnosis and before treatment. All study participants were assigned into quartiles (QI-QIV) based on the distribution of serum cobalt levels among censored patients. Univariable and multivariable COX regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for each serum cobalt level quartile. We found a significant relationship between high serum cobalt levels and poor prostate cancer patient total survival (HR = 2.60; 95% CI: 1.17–5.82; p = 0.02). In relation to prostate cancer patients who died as a result of other non-cancer causes, the association with high levels of cobalt was even stronger (HR = 3.67; 95% CI: 1.03–13.00; p = 0.04). The impact of high serum cobalt levels on overall survival of prostate cancer-specific-related deaths was not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although there is evidence that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based group interventions can improve quality of life (QoL) in women undergoing treatment for breast cancer (BC) little is known about factors that mediate and moderate these effects. We examined a) the mediating role of benefit finding on QoL changes after a Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) intervention, and b) whether this mediation effect differed based on baseline optimism in the first year following surgery for BC. Methods: We used data from a prior CBSM trial in 240 women with stage 0–3 BC who completed measures of benefit finding (Benefit Finding Scale, BFS), QoL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment, FACT-G), and optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised) at baseline (2 – 10 weeks post-surgery), 6-months and 12-months after randomization. CBSM-related changes and mediation and moderation effects were assessed using latent growth curve models. Results: We found CBSM increased benefit finding (b = 2.65, p < 0.01), emotional (b = 0.53, p < 0.01), and functional QoL (b = 0.71, p < 0.05) over time. CBSM-related changes in emotional QoL were mediated by increased benefit finding (indirect effect = 0.68, 95% bootstrapped CI: 0.17, 1.56) but only among participants with low to moderate optimism at baseline. Conclusion: CBSM intervention improved emotional QoL over the first year of breast cancer treatment by increasing benefit finding among women who reported low trait optimism suggesting those who will most likely benefit from improving benefit finding during this stressful period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The oncology care environment includes a wide range of traumatic physical and emotional experiences that can be challenging for patients and healthcare providers. OBJECTIVES: This article aims to establish a knowledge base about the trauma-informed care (TIC) approach in oncology care. METHODS: This article provides a literature-based overview of TIC as a model of care for patients with cancer, informed by definitions of trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and adverse childhood experiences. This review is based on clinical studies, expertise, and evidence-based guidelines. FINDINGS: Based on a foundation of care for patients with cancer, nurses can apply TIC to clinical oncology practice. To illustrate TIC in practice, this article includes a case study, nursing approaches, implications, the TIC model of care, and resources. When applied to care, TIC benefits patients, staff, and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Family caregivers of terminally ill and dying people do not only experience varying levels but also different dimensions of caregiver-related strain and burden. The aim of the study was to develop a short multidimensional screening tool for the detection of burden in family caregivers in palliative care. Methods: Family caregivers of cancer patients newly admitted to specialist inpatient palliative care (N = 232) completed questionnaires on psychological burden, quality of life, social support and need fulfillment. A latent class mixture model was used to identify discrete classes of family caregivers related to their multidimensional caregiver burden. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the most predictive items from a set of established questionnaires. Results: Four latent classes of family caregivers were identified: Currently stable caregivers (37%), Caregivers with unmet needs (20%), Psychologically burdened caregivers (30%), and High-risk caregivers (13%). Each of these classes describes a different risk profile of multidimensional family caregiver burden, although family caregivers exhibit high levels of distress across all classes. From a set of 48 items, we identified eight items that predicted the class membership best. These items represent the items of the novel multidimensional screening tool: The 8-item Screening Tool for Family Caregiver Burden in Palliative Care (CAREPAL-8). Except for social support, the items maintained fidelity to the conceptualization of multidimensional caregiver burden used in this study. A preliminary classification system was developed, which has yet to be validated. Conclusions: This study represents the first step in the establishment of a practical, self-administered screening tool that might help healthcare providers to tailor caregiver care according to their burden in daily practice. Brevity of the 8-item tool might facilitate its use in routine clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: South Asia (SA) and Southeast Asia (SEA) are geographically close; however, discrepancies in oral cancer (OC) epidemiology exist between the two regions. Socioeconomic disparities may influence the OC burden. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of OC and its relationship with the Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) and its components in SA and SEA. Methods: Cancer data for this ecological study was obtained from GLOBOCAN 2020, while the IHDI was obtained from the Human Development Report 2020. Based on data availability, 14 SA and SEA countries were chosen. Poisson log‐weighted regression models were employed to examine IHDI and its components in relation to incidence and mortality. Univariate linear regression models were utilized to determine the association between the mortality‐to‐incidence ratio (MIR) and the IHDI. Results: Mortality and MIR of OC were negatively correlated with all sub‐indices of the IHDI, including education, health and income. However, incidence and mortality of OC were influenced by region and sex. Conclusions: Higher IHDI countries tended to have lower MIR. SA and males showed higher incidence and mortality. Reducing intra‐country inequalities in development may be a pragmatic approach to enhancing the OC burden and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survival analysis is an integral part of medical statistics that is extensively utilized to establish prognostic indices for mortality or disease recurrence, assess treatment efficacy, and tailor effective treatment plans. The identification of prognostic biomarkers capable of predicting patient survival is a primary objective in the field of cancer research. With the recent integration of digital histology images into routine clinical practice, a plethora of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based methods for digital pathology has emerged in scholarly literature, facilitating patient survival prediction. These methods have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in analyzing and interpreting whole slide images, yielding results comparable to those of expert pathologists. The complexity of AI-driven techniques is magnified by the distinctive characteristics of digital histology images, including their gigapixel size and diverse tissue appearances. Consequently, advanced patch-based methods are employed to effectively extract features that correlate with patient survival. These computational methods significantly enhance survival prediction accuracy and augment prognostic capabilities in cancer patients. The review discusses the methodologies employed in the literature, their performance metrics, ongoing challenges, and potential solutions for future advancements. This paper explains survival analysis and feature extraction methods for analyzing cancer patients. It also compiles essential acronyms related to cancer precision medicine. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that this is the inaugural review paper in the field. The target audience for this interdisciplinary review comprises AI practitioners, medical statisticians, and progressive oncologists who are enthusiastic about translating AI-driven solutions into clinical practice. We expect this comprehensive review article to guide future research directions in the field of cancer research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) has been identified as a novel molecular marker in various types of cancer. The present study assessed the expression of FOXP3 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its potential as a clinical prognostic indicator, and developed a radiomics model based on enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging. Data from 483 patients with HNSCC were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas for FOXP3 prognostic analysis and enhanced CT images from 139 patients included in the Cancer Imaging Archives, which were subjected to the maximum relevance and minimum redundancy and recursive feature elimination algorithms for radiomics feature extraction and processing. Logistic regression was used to build a model for predicting FOXP3 expression. A prognostic scoring system for radiomics score (RS), FOXP3, and patient clinicopathological factors was established to predict patient survival. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate model performance. Furthermore, the relationship between FOXP3 and the immune microenvironment, as well as the association between RS and immune checkpoint-related genes, was analyzed. Results of analysis revealed that patients with HNSCC and high FOXP3 mRNA expression exhibited better overall survival. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that FOXP3 had a positive correlation with CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and other immune cells. The 8 best radiomics features were selected to construct the radiomics model. In the FOXP3 expression prediction model, the AUC values were 0.707 and 0.702 for the training and validation sets, respectively. Additionally, the calibration curve and DCA demonstrated the positive diagnostic utility of the model. RS was correlated with immune checkpoint-related genes such as ICOS, CTLA4, and PDCD1. A predictive nomogram was established, the AUCs were 0.87, 0.787, and 0.801 at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, and DCA demonstrated the high clinical applicability of the nomogram. The enhanced CT radiomics model can predict expression of FOXP3 and prognosis in patients with HNSCC. As such, FOXP3 may be used as a novel prognostic marker to improve individualized clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer poses a significant health threat to the elderly, accounting for a substantial proportion of cancer patients aged 65 and above. As life expectancy continues to rise and the population ages, the incidence of cancer in the elderly is expected to increase further. Age is a major risk factor for the majority of common cancers, with the incidence and prevalence rising as individuals grow older. Factors such as chemoprevention and environmental carcinogen elimination may influence the process of carcinogenesis. Studies reveal that the incidence and mortality rates of various cancers in the elderly and extremely old individuals are on the rise worldwide, with most types peaking around the age of 75 to 90, followed by a sharp decline. Birth cohort and period effects also play a complex role in the connection between aging and cancer risk. Clinical trials often exclude older individuals, limiting our understanding of cancer treatments' effects on this particular age group. More research is needed to focus on the unique requirements of older adults with cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess peri‐implant soft tissues condition, comparing clinical parameters of implants placed in patients with atrophic upper jaws and patients who underwent maxillary resection for oncological reasons. Background: Zygomatic implants (ZIs) in oncologic patients could be affected by more complications compared to implants placed in atrophic maxillae. The soft tissue condition is an essential requirement for implant success, but few studies have investigated this topic. Methods: A nested monocentric prospective parallel cohort (atrophic vs. oncological patients) study was performed. Clinical visits and professional hygiene sessions were performed every three months, and bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and implant mobility were recorded by a blind outcome assessor. Results: In total, 77 ZIs placed in 21 patients were evaluated: 54 (70.1%) ZIs were inserted in patients belonging to the atrophic cohort (PAM) and 23 (29.9%) ZIs in the oncologic cohort (OP). The probability of having BOP at the considered mean follow‐up (27 months) was 24.8% (95% CI 19.0–31.9) for PAM and 22.9% (95% CI 15.1–33.9) OP. The mean PPD values were 2.78 ± 1.28 (range 1–8) in PAM and 2.91 ± 1.98 (range 0–10) in OP. None of the implants showed mobility. No associations between group belongingness and the entity of PPD, PI, GI and the risk of BOP were found, adjusting for the considered confounding factors (age, smoking and implant position). Conclusions: Under a strict supportive hygiene therapy protocol ZIs in oncologic patients showed similar peri‐implant tissue conditions to that of patients with maxillary atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Combined pre-operative bowel preparation with oral antibiotics (OAB) and mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is the current recommendation for elective colorectal surgery. Few have studied racial disparities in bowel preparation and subsequent post-operative complications. Methods: This retrospective cohort study used 2015–2021 ACS-NSQIP-targeted data for elective colectomy for colon cancer. Multivariate regression evaluated predictors of post-operative outcomes: post-operative ileus, anastomotic leak, surgical site infection (SSI), operative time, and hospital length of stay (LOS). Results: 72,886 patients were evaluated with 82.1% White, 11.1% Black, and 6.8% Asian or Asian Pacific Islander (AAPI); 4.2% were Hispanic and 51.4% male. Regression accounting for age, sex, ASA classification, comorbidities, and operative approach showed Black, AAPI, and Hispanic patients were more likely to have had no bowel preparation compared to White patients receiving MBP+OAB. Compared to White patients, Black and AAPI patients had higher odds of prolonged LOS and pro-longed operative time. Black patients had higher odds of post-operative ileus. Conclusions: Racial disparities exist in both bowel preparation administration and post-operative complications despite the method of bowel preparation. This warrants exploration into discriminatory bowel preparation practices and potential differences in the efficacy of bowel preparation in specific populations due to biological or social differences, which may affect outcomes. Our study is limited by its use of a large database that lacks socioeconomic variables and patient data beyond 30 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer affects one in nine men, so understanding patients' and their partners experiences is crucial for developing effective treatments. The purpose of this review was to synthesis and report the experiences and views of persons with prostate cancer and their partners. Methods: A qualitative evidence synthesis (QES) was conducted following the eMERGe reporting guideline. Six databases were searched for the relevant literature, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool was used for quality appraisal. Results: A total of 1372 papers were identified, and 36 met the inclusion criteria. Four themes emerged: quality of life, relationships and dynamics, treatment journey and survivorship and aftercare. Conclusions: Prostate cancer's impact on patients and partners is significant, requiring comprehensive support, holistic care, tailored assistance, and research into therapies to minimize adverse effects and address emotional distress and relationship strain. Prostate cancer treatment causes physical changes, triggering feelings of loss and grief, and affects coping mechanisms. Drawing on emotional support and education is vital for boosting confidence and resilience, as many patients and partners face fears of recurrence and lifestyle changes, highlighting the need for tailored information and presurgery support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]