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The purpose of this report is to remind clinicians of the risk of the simultaneous occurrence of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and lithium intoxication. A 39-year-old female with bipolar I disorder was admitted to our psychiatric ward due to relapse of a manic episode and a suicide attempt in which she had ingested 20 to 30 tablets of lithium (300 mg/tablet) 12 hours before admission. Except for intramuscular injection of 5 mg of haloperidol 30 minutes after admission, the patient received no antipsychotic drugs during her hospitalization. Six hours after admission, she began to show symptoms of NMS. Lithium intoxication was also found. Within a week, her condition had stabilized with no neurological complications or cognitive deficits noted during the following 4 months. Discussed in this case report are the risk factors of NMS found in this patient, drug interactions of lithium and antipsychotic agents as related to NMS, and problems in clinical management.

This paper proposes and investigates a protocol for real-time multicast applications called MSR (Multicast with Scalable Reliability). Two essential features in MSR are its traffic shaping and scalable retransmission schemes. To minimize packet loss and delay in the network, MSR spaces out the transmission of bursty data at the source. Reliability is further enhanced with a scheme in which the receivers make use of NACK messages to request for retransmission of packets from the sender. To avoid the well-known NACK implosion problem, a mechanism that makes use of the concept of representative receivers is introduced to ensure only a single NACK is issued among a group of receivers. Unlike previous multicast protocols which attempt to achieve 100% reliability by requiring a correct copy of a packet to reach all receivers before the retransmission process stops, a key feature in our scheme is that the level of reliability can be scaled in accordance with the maximum tolerable end-to-end delay, defined as the difference between the instant at which the real-time data must be presented to the user and the instant at which it is created at the sender. MSR attempts to make optimal use of measured parameters such as delay, round-trip delay, loss rate, etc. to scale the retransmission process and provide single NACK mechanism. We adopt the framework of the standard RTP and RTCP for the implementation of MSR. This paper presents a proof to show that the time-out mechanism in MSR, which is required to effect retransmission requests, would work even if the clocks of the sender and receivers are not synchronized, a situation not uncommon in the Internet. Many multimedia streaming protocols currently used on the Web either uses a 100 % reliable protocol like TCP or unreliable protocol like UDP. The former sacrifices the real-timeness and the latter sacrifices the quality of the presentation. Our rough performance analysis indicates that there is perhaps a better intermediate solution using a scalable protocol like MSR.

Beef strip loins from either the right or left side of 22 carcasses of Bos indicus-type steers were injected with 200 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution at 5% (wt/wt) to determine its effect on tenderness and other selected quality traits of steaks. Loins from opposite sides of the carcasses were untreated and served as the control. The steaks were evaluated for tenderness, juiciness, flavor intensity, tenderness acceptability, and overall acceptability by 62 restaurant consumers over a 6-wk period. The CaCl2 injection improved (P < .05) tenderness and flavor intensity ratings by the restaurant consumers. Tenderness acceptability and overall acceptability were improved 23 and 17%, respectively, by the CaCl2 injection. Flavor was not compromised by the CaCl2 injection. The CaCl2-treated steaks were rated superior(P < .05) for flavor compared to the control steaks. Restaurant consumers preferred the beef loin strip steaks injected with 200 mM CaCl2 at 5% (wt/wt). The results of this study are interpreted to indicate that, from a restaurant consumer perspective, CaCl2 injection is an acceptable means of making beef a more consistently tender product.

The effects of removal of fat from hot beef carcasses on the shelf life of beef involved measuring the incidence of aerobic (TPC), lactic (LAC), and coliform (TCC) bacteria and the pathogen Escherichia coli (EC) from alternate sides that were hot-fat trimmed (HFT) or not trimmed (NFT) then subjected to a conventional 24-h chill. The biceps femoris, psoas major, longissimus thoracis et lumborum, and supraspinatus muscles were assayed. Higher (P < .05) TPC and EC counts were found for all muscles at 0 d than at 7 and 14 d of storage. The LAC and TCC counts were higher (P < .05) on all muscles after the 14 d of storage than after 0 or 7 d of storage. The significant differences in microbial counts were less than one log 10/g of tissue and therefore are of questionable importance. The HFT did not increase carcass microbial load compared with NFT. This study showed that HFT and accelerated processing of beef for the production of lean retail cuts did not adversely affect the shelf-life of vacuum-packaged beef.

Nine Brown Swiss and nine English crossbred steers representing the industry standard were slaughtered to determine the effects of cattle type and hot fat removal on subprimal yields and carcass value. After dressing, cod fat, kidney, pelvic, and heart fat (KPHF), and subcutaneous fat thicker than.6 cm was removed from the right side of each carcass (HFT). The left side was not hot-fat trimmed (NFT). Both sides were fabricated into subprimal cuts with no more than.6 cm of subcutaneous fat. Carcass side values were adjusted to a 300-kg chilled carcass weight basis. All comparisons were made for the carcasses using a USDA Select quality grade end point. English crossbred steer carcasses had more (P

The transverse arch of the foot is formed by metatarsals which heads lie in a straight line to endure most of the loading of the forefoot. Malalignment of one or more metatarsal heads will result in increased loading and produce local tender plantar callosity. The treatment of pressure metatarsalgia must aim for it's pathomechanic cause, that is, hyper-extension of metatarsophalangeal joint. We have modified the distal metatarsal osteotomy to treat 40 toes in 22 cases. Follow up for an average of 21.3 months (ranging from 18 months to 31 months) indicated 19 cases (86.4%) with satisfactory results. The 3 cases with unsatisfied results were all due to early removal of the pin. Maximum oblige sloping of the osteotomy makes the osteotomy slide more easily and ensures union. Intramedullary pinning and early weight bearing maintain the osteotomic alignment, prevent foot stiffness and allow the distal fragment telescopes to be adequately positioned to prevent over correction which leads to transfer lesion. Compared to other methods, modified metatarsal osteotomy is less invasive, preserves natural structure, is easily performed and easy cared for which leads to effective and stable results.

The positive inotropic and the toxic effects of direct lytic factor (DLF) on the isolated working guinea pig hearts were studied. As compared with baseline values, DLF 1-10 micrograms.ml-1 increased aortic flow up to 138% cardiac output 116%, left ventricular pressure volume work 136%, left ventricular pressure 114%, dP/dtmax 130%, Vmax 128%, and mean aortic systolic pressure 114%, but coronary flow was decreased by 16% on an average (n = 6). However, heart rate remained constant, myocardial oxygen consumption and efficiency were changed little. The cardiotonic effect of DLF was also observed by recording the isometric contractions of the isolated guinea pig papillary muscles and by determining the left ventricular pressure and dP/dtmax in anesthetized dogs. Neither spontaneously beating rate of right atrium nor the excitability of left atrium in vitro was affected by DLF. The results show that DLF is one of the cardiotonic agents without chronotropic effect and its coronary vasoconstriction effect plays an important part in heart failure.

A low-voltage wideband downconverter along with an integrated transformer RF balun using the 2 mum GalnP/GaAs HBT technology is demonstrated. This transformer is a symmetric type and plays a role as a single-to-differential balun. Without the parasitic between the transformer and the substrate, the transformer can work at higher frequencies. This transformer downconverter operates from 1.5 to 14 GHz with around 20 dB conversion gain and 1.8 GHz IF 3 dB bandwidth. The frequency range of the mixing operation is wide and covers the digital video broadcasting via satellite (DVB-S) bands. This mixer is therefore useful for DVB-S applications.

In a multicast communication system, when the membership changes, the group key must be refreshed securely and efficiently. The efficiency of the group key refreshment is critical, especially in a dynamic and large group since the size of deleted or added members may be quite large. An efficient identity-based multicast scheme based on pairings is proposed. It has distinct advantages in secure service over the existing schemes in the sense of dynamic group key management. The scheme satisfies forward secrecy and backward secrecy. A solution is also presented to the source authentication and data integrity services without introducing additional computation. In this scheme, the member can be a stateless receiver, who does not need to update his/her state from session to session.

We have developed a 46-inch TFT-LCD HDTV (high definition television — 1080p) with digital color management and image enhancement technologies. The panel uses premium MVA (multi-domain vertical alignment liquid crystals, and is fabricated on generation-5 glass substrates with ODF process (one drop filled liquid crystal process). It adopts the true wide format of 16:9. The viewing angle at a CR (contrast ratio) of 10:1 is greater than 170° in all directions. In the normal direction, CR is above 800. For conventional color management and image quality enhancement, we optimized the color performance between color-filters and backlight units as well as the properties of VA LC and polarizers. The outcomes include high color gamut (75% of NTSC) and brightness (> 600 nits). More advanced digital color management techniques include the application of vivid color mapping, and gamma correction by signal processing. For the quality of fast moving pictures, we have developed a new driving approach in conjunction with advanced VA LC's to achieve a response speed of 8 ms in average. The new approach compensates the slow transition between gray levels.

Two general crossbar switch models are proposed: the modified one-sided crossbar switch and the ripple K one-sided crossbar switch. They both balance cost and reliability, where cost is expressed in terms of crosspoint count or area. The two-sided crossbar switch and the one-sided crossbar switch are two cases of these structures. These structures provide choices for compromising structures between the two-sided crossbar switch and the one-sided crossbar switch. The effective bandwidths of these four crossbar switches are simulated. Simulation with VHDL has been performed to verify the functionality of each crossbar system. Synthesis has also been conducted to evaluate delay and area for each crossbar design. Experimental results demonstrate that the two general models of crossbar switches are cost-effective in terms of reliability and crosspoint count (or area) without reducing their effective bandwidths. The work promotes the use of the crossbar switch as an interconnection network for multiprocessor systems to enhance system performance and reliability with low cost.

The theory of generalised inverses of matrices over finite fields is highlighted as a potential tool in cryptographic research, by proposing a public key cryptosystem. Properties of the public key cryptosystem are analysed and compared with those of a previous public key cryptosystem. The idea is similar to the previous cryptosystem in terms of the usage of an error correction process. However, by using the techniques of generalised matrices, the Hamming weight of the error pattern in the cryptosystem is far larger than the error correction capability of the employed error-correcting code. This is the main reason that the key size is smaller than that of the previous public key cryptosystem with the same level of security. It is also anticipated that the theory of generalised inverses can be used for a wide variety of cryptographic applications.

Longissimus muscle sections were excised from eight pork carcasses 1 h postmortem and sectioned into six .5-kg roasts to determine the effects of glucose, salt and polyphosphates (aqueous solution to 110% of fresh weight) on palatability of hot-boned pork. Treatments were hot-boned control (HB) with no infusion or infusions of 2% KCl and 3% of a 1:1 mixture of sodium hexametaphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate (PP) plus either 8% NaCl; 2% glucose (G) plus 6% NaCl; 6% G plus 2% NaCl; or 8% G. Another muscle section was chilled at 0 degrees C for 24 h on each carcass as a cold-processed control (CP). The roasts were frozen until cooked and evaluated by a sensory panel. The infused groups were more tender, juicy and salty and higher in moisture and ash but lower in protein content than either the CP or HB controls (P less than .05). The fat content of the infused groups was lower than of the HB control but was not different from that of the CP control. Either 2% NaCl plus 6% G or equal amounts (4%) of NaCl and G produced the most tender and juicy product. The substitution of 4% glucose for NaCl not only reduced the NaCl content of the infusion solution, but also improved the palatability of the meat. This substitution allows production of a hot-boned, lower-sodium precooked pork that is tender and juicy.

The lattice imaging technique of high-resolution electron microscopy has been applied to study spinodal decomposition in a Cu-Ni-Cr alloy. The reliability of various methods for processing the image data is discussed. The important parameters describing a spinodal microstructure (viz, composition amplitude, wavelength of modulations, and relative volume fractions of the two phases) can all be obtained from the lattice image, even though the maximum change of lattice parameters between the two phases is only ~1 pct. Interesting interfacial microstructural features have also been revealed from microoptical diffractograms of the images during later stages of aging.

Infrared absorption was measured on an NajO-K2O-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass with up to ∼11 wt% water. Fundamental and overtone-combination bands were observed at 1.41, 1.91, 2.22, 2.87, and 6.1 μm. Molar absorptivities were determined for the hydrated glass for H2O and OH levels using the molar absorptivity calculated for the 2.22-μm band in the as-melted glass. By this procedure the concentration of molecular water and OH groups could be determined separately. These results show that the OH content of the hydrated glass, as determined from the 2.22-μm band, is constant at >7 wt% H2O; additional H2O is attributed to molecular water only. Good agreement was found between these data and H2O/OH molecular ratios obtained from NMR.

On utilise les techniques a deux et plusieurs faisceaux de microscopie electronique en transmission pour etudier les structures interfaciales entre les precipites θ' semi-coherents et la matrice riche en Al

A commercial Cu-28 pct Ni-2.8 pct Cr alloy has been heat treated to produce spinodal structures. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction have been used to study the spinodally decomposed product and to measure the wavelengths in the specimens. It is found that the coarsening of coherent particles obeys the relation λαt1/3 at 700δC and λ αt1/4 at 600°C. Loss of coherency is observed only when aging at 700°C and λ ~ 1000A, when interfacial dislocations with b = a/2 (110) are created after which the coarsening rate is accelerated. Tensile tests were performed to measure mechanical properties of the aged samples, and the fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The correlations of microstructural changes and mechanical properties are discussed.

La technique de formation d'image de reseau a haute resolution est utilisee pour controler le processus de decomposition spinodale dans les alliages Au-Ni. On effectue des mesures individuelles de l'espacement des franges qui sont sensibles aux variations de compositions au niveau des plans atomiques

Vibrational spectra of amorphous polystyrene were determined at room temperature as a function of pressure. A sodium chloride high-pressure cell was used to generate pressures up to 40 kbars. Considerable changes in line shape, line width, and intensity were observed in the spectra. In contrast, the former two changes are absent in crystalline polyethylene. The physical basis of pressure effects on line width, line shape, and intensity of the vibra-tional spectra of amorphous polystyrene is discussed.

BSERVATIONS on X-irradiation induced X-Y nondisjunction and exchange in spermatocytes of Drosophila have been made by STRANGIO (1961, 1962) and by ZIMMERING and Wu ( 1963,1964), both using the doubly marked Y chromosome, BS Y y+ (BROSSEAU, NICOLETTI, GRELL, and LINDSLEY 1961), and by SAVHAGEN (1961) who employed the singly marked Y chromosome, y+ Y (= scs. Y of MULLER 1948). The criterion for nondisjunction was the recovery of F, females carrying, in addition to the X from the parental female, an X and Y derived from the irradiated male; that for exchange was the recovery of F, females possessing, in addition to the X derived from the parental female, an X chromosome bearing a Y-derived marker beyond its centromere which came from the X-rayed male. While STRANGIO reported a higher frequency of nondisjunction than exchange, the more critical genetic tests of ZIMMERING and Wu showed that the reverse situation actually obtains. SAVHAGEN reported results similar to those of STRANGIO. However, as suggested by ZIMMERING and Wu (1964), SAVHAGEN’S genetic test for distinguishing nondisjunction and exchange may have been inadequate, leading to misclassification of cases of exchange as nondisjunction but not the reverse. It was with this possibility in mind that the present experiment with the y+Y was carried out. The results are clearly in accord with the previous findings of ZIMMERING and Wu in demonstrating a considerable excess of X-ray induced exchange over nondisjunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS

Values of the Gruneisen parameter γ reported in the literature for polyethylene (PE) vary over nearly four orders of magnitude. Part of the reason for this wide variation is the variety of definitions and experimental techniques used in obtaining γ. A simple unified derivation of these equations will be presented in an attempt to clarify the interrelations among them. Underlying assumptions used in arriving at these equations will be pointed out. Infrared spectra of a bulk polyethylene were taken at room temperature up to 40‐kbar pressures. Microscopic Gruneisen parameters were obtained from these data for rocking and bending modes of PE. It will be demonstrated that values of the Gruneisen parameters are dependent on lattice frequency, volume, wave vector, and degree of crystallinity for PE.

The fine structure in certain of the Raman lines of CCl4 observed by Langseth and interpreted by him as being due to a lack of symmetry in the four carbon valencies has been shown to be accountable for as a purely isotopic effect. Rosenthal's general theory of the isotope effect in molecules of this type has been applied to the case of CCl4 in an attempt to differentiate between two types of potential function which have been proposed for this molecule. The fine structure patterns predicted on the different theories have been worked out. Unfortunately the existing experimental data are not sufficiently good to allow a decision to be made as to which is the better function.

Mode Gruneisen parameters (γi) of an amorphous polystyrene were determined by measuring the shift of IR absorption frequencies as a function of pressure. It is found that values of γi not only depend on the specific frequency, but also on the volume at which it is determined. Literature data obtained at acoustic frequencies were found to be two orders of magnitude greater than those obtained in this study at IR frequencies. Gruneisen constant γ defined by the macroscopic definition were an order of magnitude greater. It is suggested that there can be many Gruneisen parameters for a given polymer, and that their values depend on the methods of definition and measurement.

1. Huggins' relation between the force constant and the interatomic distance is modified so that the constants are now characteristic of the molecular period. 2. The new relation predicts the interatomic distance from the force constants of a diatomic linkage with an accuracy slightly better than Huggins' original relation. 3. Various aspects of the new relation are discussed.

This paper reports that FE(CO)5 muitiphoton ionization mass spectroscopy induced by a XeCl excimer laser was investigated, with a diffuse molecular beam and a modified quadrupole mass spectrometer. Various fragment ions, such as Fe+, CO+, FeC+, Fe 2 ( CO ) 4 + , and Fe ( CO ) n + ( n = 1 , 2 , … 5 ) were observed. The Fe+ signal is much larger than other ion signals, and the Fe(CO)+ signal is weakest among Fe ( CO ) n + ( n = 1 , 2 , … 5 ) . The dependence of the ion signals on pressure and laser intensity was measured. For Fe ( CO ) n + ( n = 1 , 2 , … 5 ) , the pressure-dependent signals show a double index first and become linear as the pressure increases; the power indices of laser-intensity-dependent signals vary between 2 and 4, closing to that of the Fe+ signal; the power indices decrease and become saturated with increasing laser intensity.

Our objective was to produce reductions in the luminal volume of Henle's loop and increases in linear flow velocity through the loop. We did this in a recollection micropuncture study by collecting fluid with and without suction from early distal tubules. With suction, transit time of fast green dye through the loop decreased by 34%, calculated loop volume decreased by 28%, and fractional water reabsorption fell from 73.6 to 70.3% (p smaller than 0.025) in water diuretic rats. Absolute water reabsorption did not decrease significantly. In urea-saline dieuretic rats transit time decreased 25%, calculated loop volume decreased 22%, fractional reabsorption fell from 59.0 to 51.7% (smaller than 0.001), and absolute reabsorption decreased by 2.3 nl/min (p smaller than 0.025). Single nephron glomerular filtration rate, distal tubular sodium concentration, and osmolality were unaffected. The less pronounced effect of collection with suction in water diuretic rats may be related to the lower medullary fluid osmolality, which was 338 plus or minus 9 (S.E.) mOsmol/kg as compared to 497 plus or minus 35 in urea saline diuretic rats. Collecting fluid with suction from late proximal tubules did not alter glomerular filtration rate or fractional water reabsorption. Stumpe et al. ((1970) J. Clin. Invest. 49, 1200-1212) noted an inverse correlation between fluid reabsorption from Henle's loop and flow velocity in rats with hypertension or congestive heart failure. One can reproduce this correlation by artificially altering the transmural pressure gradient in the loop.

In the multiphoton ionization mass spectrum of CH3OH induced by the XeCl laser, three kinds of ion are found: CH+3, CH2OH+, and CH3OH+. The ionic signal dependences on the laser intensity and the sample pressure are measured. From these results, it is concluded that CH3OH+ is directly formed after CH3OH has absorbed four photons, and that the collisions between CH3OH+ and CH3OH produce CH 3 + and CH2OH+. At the same laser wavelength, the ions produced in the C2H5OH MPI process are C 2 H 5 + , CH2OH+, CH3OH+, C2H2OH+, C2H3OH+, C2H4OH+, and C2H5OH+. The relative ionic intensities are 74%(CH3OH+), 12 % ( C 2 H 5 + ) , 6.1%(CH2OH+), 4.1 %(C2H3OH+), and < 2% for others. On the basis of the consideration of the mass spectrum theory for organic molecules, brief explanations of the result are given. The breakdown of the C-O bond and the C-C bond results in the formation of C 2 H 5 + ; and CH2OH+, respectively. The McLaffety rearrangement process leads to the production of C2H3OH+. The analysis shows that the birth of CH3OH+ cannot be described in terms of the breakdown process of some molecular bonds; CH3OH+ is the product of a very complicated recombination reaction.

Using molecular beam apparatus and a modified quadrupole mass spectrometer, the multiphoton ionization mass spectra of Fe(CO)5 vapor was investigated by irradiation with a XeCl excimer laser. By changing the laser intensity and sample pressure, we measured the ion peaks of Fe+, CO+, FeC+, Fe ( CO ) n + ( n = 1 , 2 , … , 5 ) and Fe 2 ( CO ) m + ( m = 4 − 9 ) . The ion intensity of Fe+ was the strongest among these ion peaks in all experimental conditions. In comparison with Fe+, the ion intensity of Fe 2 ( CO ) m + ( m = 4 − 9 ) was extremely weak.

The charts of thermodynamic properties of burned gas in chemical equilibrium have been used for many years in the calculation of engine cycles in which the real thermodynamic nature of the gases needs to be considered. With the development of computer programs for engine cycle calculations and for computing the equilibrium composition and thermodynamic properties of gases, it is natural in research work to include the calculation of gas properties in the computer program for the modeling of engine cycle without the use of charts. However, for instructional purposes, it is important for the students to have a clear understanding of the thermodynamics of engine cycles, and the charts are a convenient tool for learning. In a textbook of internal combustion engines, such charts are still useful. They can also be used in some practical work when the computer programs are not readily available. In this country, the often used charts of Hottel, et al. and Newhall-Starkman are in English units. It would be desirable to have the charts given in SI units so as to be consistent with textbooks using the international system of units. The octane-air charts are intended for calculation of engine cycles using ordinary petroleum fuel,more » and the other charts are for examples with new or alternate fuels. Equilibrium compositions of the three burned mixtures of octane and air at a pressure of 5 x 10/sup 6/ pa are shown. These charts have been calculated with the NASA program, run on the CDC Cyber 170/730 computer and plotted in colored lines on the Calcommp 1051 plotter in the Vogelbeck Computing Center of Northwestern University.« less

A commercially important Cu-28.9 percent Ni-2.8 percent Cr alloy has been heat-treated to produce spinodal structures. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and diffraction have been used to study the spinodally decomposed product and to measure the wavelengths in the specimens. Tensile tests were performed to measure mechanical properties of the aged samples, and the fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The lattice imaging technique of high-resolution electron microscopy has been applied to study the compositional fluctuations in this alloy. Although the change of lattice parameter between the two phases is only approximately 1 percent, characteristic spinodal composition waves can be detected by lattice imaging, both in the early and later stages of aging. The reliability of various methods for processing the imaging data are discussed. The correlation of mechanical properties with microstructure then shows a dependence of yield stress increment on lattice parameter change between the two phases.

Multiphoton ionization and fragmentation of acetone are studied with a diffuse molecular beam and aXeCl excimer laser. The present experiment shows that no parent ion peak can be observed, only two ion peaks appear at m/e = 43 and 15 which are assigned to CH3CO+ and CH 3 + , respectively. The intensities of these ions are proportional to the 3rd and 3.6th power of laser intensity, respectively, and both are proportional to the 0.9th power of the acetone pressure. On the basis of our experimental results, a novel kinetic mechanism is presented, which takes account of the fact that acetone fails to be excited by the two-photon transition of D ˜ ← X ˜ 1 A 1 at 308 nm. Instead it undergoes single-photon dissociation into neutral fragments of methyl and acetyl, because the serious leakages from the intermediate state A ˜ 3 A 2 makes it impossible for acetone to climb the second step of the multiphoton transition ladder, resulting in the absence of the parent ion at 308 nm. Ch3CO+ is formed by direct two-photon resonant ionization of acetyl radical, and CH 3 + is produced by simultaneous two-photon absorption of methyl radical to C ˜ state followed by one-photon absorption into the ionization continuum.

The objective of the system described in this paper is to locate target objects without using vision systems. A scanning laser range finder is used to locate a special reflective material attached to the object and to determine the spherical coordinates of the object. These coordinates are then transformed to robot coordinates and the end effector is moved to this location. A proximity sensor, which is housed in the end effector, is then used to determine the orientation of the target object.

We present a simple design for obtaining high-intensity, Fourier limited picosecond pulses. A Nd : Yag picosecond laser is used to synchronously pump a dye oscillator/amplifier system. The dye oscillator is of the Littman type. Up to 1.5 mJ of energy is obtained in a 20 ps pulse with a bandwidth of 30 GHz after amplification.

Infrared absorption was measured on an NajO-K2O-ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass with up to ∼11 wt% water. Fundamental and overtone-combination bands were observed at 1.41, 1.91, 2.22, 2.87, and 6.1 μm. Molar absorptivities were determined for the hydrated glass for H2O and OH levels using the molar absorptivity calculated for the 2.22-μm band in the as-melted glass. By this procedure the concentration of molecular water and OH groups could be determined separately. These results show that the OH content of the hydrated glass, as determined from the 2.22-μm band, is constant at >7 wt% H2O; additional H2O is attributed to molecular water only. Good agreement was found between these data and H2O/OH molecular ratios obtained from NMR.

BS>The x irradiation response of primary spermatocytes of the immature testis of Drosophila melanogaster was investigated employing a genetic scheme which made possible an immediately classifiable distinction in the offspring between nondisjunction of X and Y, and exchange between X and Y in the treated male. (C.H.)

X-irradiation of primary spermatocytes of adult yv/B/sup s/Yy/sup +/ Drosophila melanogaster males was demonstrated to produce a greater proportion of X-Y exchanges than X-Y nondisjunction. This result is consistent with the previous findings of Zimmering and Wu (1963) following irradiation of the prepupal testis, but is disagreement with those reported by Savhagen (1961) and by Straagio (1961, 1962) from experiments on adult males. (auth)