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This paper focuses on the experimental investigation of impact damage resistance in hybrid composite laminates. In this case, the low velocity impact behaviour of quasi-isotropic glass/epoxy, glass/basalt/epoxy (G/B/G, B/G/B) and glass/carbon/epoxy (G/C/G, C/G/C) composite laminates was simulated by carrying out quasi-static indentation (QSI) tests with online acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The dent depth, back surface crack size and load-deflection behaviors were examined and there is no distinct differences could be seen between low velocity impact tests and quasi-static indentation tests. The QSI tests were performed on specimens with rectangular section, of size 150 mm x 100 mm, which were loaded at the centre by a hemispherical steel indenter with 12.7 mm diameter. The indentation response was evaluated by measuring peak force, absorbed energy and linear stiffness. The residual strength of the laminates following indentation was measured by testing them under compression load in a 100 kN universal testing machine, once again with AE monitoring. AE parameters, such as amplitude, rise time, cumulative counts and cumulative energy were considered for monitoring damage progression during quasi-static indentation loading. Also other parameters linked to AE monitoring, such as the rise angle (RA) and Felicity ratio (FR) were measured for evaluating the damage resistance in each cycle of indentation. In addition, sentry function was also computed based on the combination of mechanical strain energy accumulated in the materials and of the acoustic energy propagates by fracture events made it possible to evaluate the amount of induced damage. These results showed that the combination of glass and carbon fibres in glass/carbon/epoxy (C/G/C) laminates improved their interlaminar shear strength at a level well above the other configurations tested.

Objective: To study the maternal risk factors of intrauterine growth restriction. Methods: A retrospective analysis was done at a tertiary care Hospital. Ninety three inborn intrauterine growth restriction cases were selected and data was collected by perusal of antenatal records. Intrauterine growth restriction was defined as occurring if birth weight of the newborn is below 10th percentile for gestational age on the intrauterine growth curve based on Fenton’s charts. Results: Mean age of the mothers included in the study was 20.2 ± 2.857 years. Forty four (47.3%) were born to primipara and 49 (52.7%) to multigravida. Younger maternal age, multiparity were found to be the significant socio-demographic factors associated with Intrauterine growth restriction while, pre eclampsia, chronic hypertension and anemia were the maternal biological factors found to be significantly associated on bivariate analysis. Conclusions: Younger age, multigravida and chronic medical illnesses are the main risk factors in this hospital based population. Inclusion of prenatal education and screening for medical disorders in antenatal care guidelines will help in curtailing the incidence of IUGR.

Introduction: Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) is considered a global burden. To decrease the NMR is a challenge, there are specific programs of maternal and child health focusing on reduction of neonatal mortality launched in recent years in our country. Aim: We conducted a study to evaluate the current status of neonatal intensive care units in the state of Telangana in terms of infrastructure, equipment, staffing, functioning and other facilities available. Methods: The survey was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015. Thirty three units participated in the study of which four were government and twenty seven were private. Results: Over last two decades there is humongous difference in the newborn facilities. Majority of the units had a wide range of equipments. Some units had the availability of support from the allied departments and sub-specialities. NNF accreditation criteria were not met in some of the units. Ventilation support was available in most of the units but was not found enough. Conclusion: There is scope of better achievements in future to further decrease the Neonatal mortality.

This study focuses on the evolution of a new biodegradable material sourced from agro-waste, and how it plays a vital role in replacing nonbiodegradable material. In the present work, new fibers were extracted from the pseudo stem of the Nendran variety of the banana plant. Initially, anatomical studies were carried out on raw fibers to investigate cellulosic and noncellulosic structures to prove its reinforcement potentiality. Later the cellulosic fibers were needle punched and reinforced with unsaturated polyester matrix (UPE) to fabricate a needle-punched banana fiber composite (NPBFC). Subsequently, 30 mm of chopped banana fiber and chopped glass fiber was reinforced randomly with the UPE to fabricate random banana fiber composites (RBFCs) and random glass fiber composites (RGFCs), respectively. Tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact tests were conducted on different fiber wt.% of NPBFC, RBFC, and RGFC to compute the mechanical properties. The results revealed superior mechanical properties at 40 wt.% fiber content. However, beyond 40 wt.% (i.e., 50 wt.%), abrupt failure due to inferior interfacial bonding between the composite constituents was noted. Furthermore, the increases in tensile, flexural, hardness, and impact strength of optimized NPBFC were 26.17, 24.73, 53.41, and 19.54 %, respectively, which are more supercilious than RBFC and comparable with RGFC. Moreover, the thermal stability of optimized NPBFC was evidenced up to 260°C. Finally, field emission scanning electron microscopy observation inferred that the interfacial bonding failure in NPBFC is less significant than the RBFC and RGFC. This study concludes that the synthesized NPBFC can be used for the application of lightweight structural components.

This work focuses on the experimental investigation of the residual flexural strength of hemp/epoxy, basalt/epoxy and hybrid (hemp-basalt)/epoxy composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact damage at different temperatures. These specimens were subjected to a low velocity impact of 1.5 m/s with an incident impact energy of 2.17 J using an instrumented drop weight impact tester at three different temperatures of 30 °C, 50 °C and 65 °C. The residual flexural strength of the post impacted specimens were measured by the conduction of three point bending test in a 100 kN universal testing machine with acoustic emission monitoring. The effects of temperature and basalt fiber hybridisation on the damage initiation, propagation and onset of failure were investigated using the magnitude of AE cumulative counts at different stages of loading. The results show a reduction in impact strength and residual flexural strength after impact at elevated temperatures. Lower impact resistance shown in the impact test results for all three types of composites at elevated temperatures indicate the effect of temperature which leads to inferior impact properties. It was evidenced from the impact and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) carried out on the composites that hybrid composites have better residual flexural strength and impact properties compared to non-hybrid composites.

Sri Chamarajendra Zoological Gardens, popularly known as Mysore Zoo, houses three species that can be called lesser carnivores: the Dhole or Indian wild dog Cuon alpinus, the Golden jackal Canis aureus and the Indian grey wolf Canis lupus pallipes. All three belong to the Canidae and their ecological importance and role cannot be underestimated. There is growing concern about the dwindling numbers of these carnivores in the wild. Efforts to breed these species in captive conditions are of great significance in the event that animals are required to be released/re-stocked into the wild. Captive-breeding programmes have been initiated at Mysore Zoo for the Dhole and the Indian grey wolf. This paper describes the preparations made in advance of parturition (e.g. provision of separate holding rooms for the breeding pair with a den and installation of closed-circuit television cameras to allow remote monitoring), the measures taken to reduce neonatal mortality (e.g. when the mother is not feeding the pups they can be separated for hand rearing) and the need to simulate natural conditions around the enclosure in order to achieve successful breeding of Dhole in zoological facilities.

In this work, damages in composite materials are characterized using geometrical and Fourier-Hu shape descriptors. Digital images are acquired from the front and rear sides of composite materials after 5-, 6-, and 7-mm indentations. An anisotropic diffusion filter is used to remove the noise and to smooth the digital images. The global and local damages in the composite materials are segmented using K-Means (KM) clustering. Geometrical features and Fourier-Hu–based moments are calculated from the extracted regions. The global and local damages due to different indentations are classified using random forest (RF). Results show that the KM is able to segment the global and local damages with cluster centers three and four, respectively. The Fourier-Hu moment suggested that the damage dimension is high in the rear side compared with the front side. The Hu moment performed better compared with using geometrical features to characterize the damages. RF with both geometrical and Fourier-Hu moments performed better than the individual features. The image-based analysis performed in this study concludes effective characterization of damages; this framework can be applied in the nondestructive evaluation of composite materials.

Internet has enormous power to bring social equality to the people neglected in the society. Internet has been widely used by the people living on the margin of the society as an alternative to the mainstream media.In India, Dalits comprise of more than 200 millions. But their socio, political and economic issues noticed by the mainstream media are miniscule in numbers. Thus, there is a need for the educated Dalit population to find an alternative media through which they can express and respond with outside world. In this scenario, internet has proved to be an avenue for educated Dalits. This paper analyses in detail about how internet platform such as Dalit websites, social media such as blogs are an alternative media to verbalize the issues of Dalits in India.This paper outlines the new opportunities for Dalits in the cyber spaceonline networks which accommodates the voice of the subaltern people and also maps the approaches of main stream media towards the issues of Dalits. The conceptual discussion on the issues has clearly exemplified the deplorable state of affairs of the coverage of Dalit issues by the mainstream media.

The ageing effect of glass/epoxy composite laminates exposed to seawater environment for different periods of time was investigated using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The mass gain ratio and flexural strength of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite laminates were examined after the seawater treatment. The flexural strength of the seawater treated GFRP specimens showed a decreasing trend with increasing exposure time. The degradation effects of seawater are studied based on the changes in AE signal parameters for various periods of time. The significant AE parameters like counts, energy, signal strength, absolute energy and hits were considered as training data input. The input data were taken from 40% to 70% of failure loads for developing the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) and generalised regression neural network (GRNN) models. RBFNN model was able to predict the ultimate failure strength and could be validated with the experimental results with the percentage error well within 0.5–7.2% tolerance, whereas GRNN model was able to predict the ultimate failure strength with the percentage error well within 0.5–4.4% tolerance. The prediction accuracy of GRNN model is found to be better than RBFNN model.

Many software systems have evolved to include a Web-based component. One of these attacks is SQL injection, which can give attackers unrestricted access to the databases that underlie Web applications and has become increasingly frequent and serious. SQL injection is an attack that occur in the database layer of an application. The vulnerability is present when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and thereby unexpectedly executed. SQL Injection is one of the most common application layer attack techniques used today. Here is a POC (Proof of Concept) by Scanning Tool: Web Cruiser-Web SQL-injection attacks exploit weak validation of textual input used to build database queries. The objective of this project is to prevent SQL injection while injecting queries to database and to make the database secured. The system uses SQL Injection mechanism prevention to keep the data safe and secure from SQL injection attacks.

In India, Dalits also known as ‘untouchables’ have been exploited and subjected to various sorts of atrocities due to the social stratification of Indian society. Though Dalit populace is around 23 percentage of total Indian population, they are underprivileged and discriminated in numerous ways. Dalits are socially, economically and politically segregated and oppressed by the caste dominated society. Mass media which claims to be the social institution seldom gives coverage to Dalit related issues. Even if any news items were to appear in the mainstream media, it was only misrepresentation of facts. For centuries, Dalits have been making an effort to emancipate from the clutches of caste system, and many Dalit leaders have even laid down their lives for this cause. Nonetheless, Dalits continue to undergo the caste discrimination in all spheres of their lives. Dalit intellectuals and activists tried to voice their concerns to the mass media, but owing to the caste dominated media and the absence of Dalit journalists, their voices were unheard and silenced. Dalits were even denied the space to work in such media institutions. When Dalits themselves tried to own their media to champion Dalits’ cause, economic factors miserably failed them in perpetuating such efforts. Thus, Dalits were denied their space to voice their views on a public platform. In a situation such as this, the emergence and proliferation of internet and social networking sites have provided a sigh of relief to them to voice their problems to be heard even to the international community. Dalit Camera, a YouTube channel has become a rallying point for the Dalit community in India. This article throws light on how Dalit Camera is a platform for the expression of discrimination and avenue for exposing the atrocities committed on Dalits.

Acoustic emission (AE) is widely used to characterize damage occurring in composite materials: however, the discrimination between AE signatures due to different damage mechanisms is still an open issue. In this study, the various failure mechanisms in bidirectional glass/epoxy laminates subjected to uni-axial tension are identified using AE monitoring. AE data recorded during the tensile testing of a single-layer specimen are used to identify matrix cracking and fiber failure. In contrast, delamination signals are characterized using a two-layer specimen with a pre-induced defect, produced by artificially inserting a 10 mm wide Teflon tape in the middle portion of the two layers. Twelve-layer Glass fiber reinforced plastics laminates were also tested as a reference for the comparison of results. The procedure leading to signal discrimination involves a number of steps. First, Fuzzy C-means clustering associated with principal component analysis are used to discriminate between failure mechanisms, while parametric studies using AE count rate and cumulative counts allowed damage discrimination at various stages of loading. The two above methods led to AE waveform selection: on the selected waveforms, fast Fourier transform (FFT) enabled calculating the frequency content of each damage mechanism. Continuous wavelet transform (WT) allowed identifying frequency range and time history for failure modes in each signal, while noise content associated with the different failure modes is calculated and removed by discrete WT. Short time FFT (STFFT) finally highlighted the possible failure mechanism associated with each signal.

Human life is so precious and valuable, that it should not be compromised under any cost. In a latest survey, it is mentioned that nearly 62% of mortality in road accidents occur due to head injury, where the rider has not worn a helmet. It is not that people are very negligent about their lives on road, but that they experience dozens of discomforts by wearing helmets. But the most common discomfort is that, heavy sweat occurs due to excessive heat formation. This project mainly focuses on absorbing this heat produced inside the helmet. To achieve this, a suitable Phase change material (HS 22) is encapsulated inside an aluminium packet. Also 6 holes of 6mm diameter are drilled on the front and rear sides of helmet. This allows fresh air (reaction air coming opposite to riding direction) to continuously flow in and out of the helmet so that the heat produced in the helmet is instantaneously tapped out. During summer season, the inlet air itself will be hot which will be absorbed by the PCM. The PCM fuses taking its latent heat of fusion from the packet surface and cools it. Thus continuous cooling is achieved till the entire PCM fuses. After the ride, the PCM rejects the heat and again solidifies. Factors like position of PCM in the helmet, volume, latent heat of fusion, etc. are carefully adjusted to achieve effective forced convective heat transfer and thus cooling for a minimum drive of 1.5 hours at an utmost ambient temperature of 450C. This ventilation system is practically feasible, very economical and will surely promote the riders to wear helmets. This project has been successfully completed as our 3rd year project.

In the present investigation, the electrochromic properties of a fast protonic solid state device: NiOx/Ta2O5/WO3-x prepared at room temperature (300 K) is reported. The non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide thin film is prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique on ITO coated glass; the oxides of tantalum (?300 nm) and nickel (?100 nm) are prepared by electron beam evaporation. This proton device has a coloration efficiency of ?82.4 cm2/C and coloration and bleaching time of 6 and 5 s, respectively, and a transmittance variation of 60%. The work function of WO3-x thin films by Kelvin probe in uncolored and colored states are 4.73 and 4.30 eV, respectively. � 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Acoustic emission (AE) can be used for online monitoring of composite structures. One of the main issues of using composite structures in various applications is to understand and characterize their failure mechanisms. In this paper, advanced signal processing technique is used to discriminate the failure mechanisms in hemp/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates. Hemp/Epoxy laminates are made from 4 layers of chopped non-woven fiber mats and glass/epoxy cross ply laminates [0/90/90/0] $$_{3s}$$ are made from 12 layers of unidirectional glass fiber mats. ASTM standard specimens of size 100 $$\times $$ 20 $$\times $$ 4 mm were cut from the laminates. These specimens are subjected to flexural loading with AE monitoring. The choice of the AE signals for failure mode characterisation were obtained using parametric analysis of AE data such as counts rate and cumulative counts at different levels of loading. Wavelet decomposition was performed on the chosen AE signals to identify the percentage of energy and frequency content of each level which correlate the different failure modes. The studies reveal that wavelet decomposition of AE signals plays a significant role in discriminating the dominance of the different failure modes with respect to the different stages of loading.

Objective: To remove the noises occurred in the bio medical pictures with less computation time. Methods: An innovative technique called Parallel Fuzzy Inference System (PFIS) is introduced for image denoising in the medical images. This method takes input training images, process a dissimilar neighbourhood association between the center pixel and generates the fuzzy inference rules. These rules are distributed to the nodes for simultaneous execution. Then, the type-1 interval fuzzy set is submitted to the resultant defuzzifier module which will decode it into scalar value. If it is impulse pixel, the noise filter is used to reduce the noise. Results: The improvement of the PFIS technique is evaluated by using the medical images. PFIS method shows high efficiency when matched with the existing Type-2 Fuzzy Logic (TFL) based impulse detector for impulse noise removal. In the PFIS method, the fuzzy rules are generated analyzing the medical images and these rules are processed simultaneously. If the noise density is 75%, the Mean Squared Error (MSE) in PFIS is 59.48, the False Classification Ratio (FCR) is 3.25 and the computation time is 740 ms. According to the comparison and the results from the experiment shows that the proposed method has high efficiency. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that the PFIS is presented and this method has high efficiency in terms of MSE, FCR and computation time.

There is a renewed interest in ORC (organic Rankine cycle) systems for power generation using solar thermal energy. Many authors have studied the performance of ORC with different pure fluids as well as binary zeotropic mixtures in order to improve the thermal efficiency. It has not been well appreciated that zeotropic mixtures can also be used to reduce the size and cost of an ORC system. The main objective of this paper is to present mixtures that help reduce the cost while maintaining high thermal efficiency. The proposed method also allows us to design an optimum mixture for a given expander. This new approach is particularly beneficial for designing mixtures for small ORC systems operating with solar thermal energy. A number of examples are presented to demonstrate this concept. � 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

In the title ester derivative, C28H29NO6·0.5H2O, the 1,4-dihydropyridine ring has a flattened boat conformation. The mean plane is almost perpendicular to the attached benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 86.87 (9)°. The terminal phenyl ring is inclined to the central benzene ring by 67.56 (12)°. In the crystal, molecules are bridged via O—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the partially occupied water molecule, and this arrangement is strengthened by a pair of N—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...O interactions. The ethyl atoms of one of the ethyl ester groups are disordered over two sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.716 (5):0.284 (5).

This paper reports the design of a compact, inexpensive, and ultrahigh vacuum compatible reed‐type Kelvin probe for work function and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) studies. A simple method of controlling the vibration amplitude of the probe is proposed which reduces mechanical instabilities of the vibrating capacitor, leading to an autonomous and reliable probe for monitoring work function changes over a prolonged period of time. A boss‐type reference gold electrode is used to simultaneously study the work function changes with adsorbents and SPS on real surfaces of semiconductors. A current preamplifier used in the measuring circuit reduces the effect of parasitic input capacitance and facilitates the application of a biasing voltage. A feedback loop system and off‐null technique are used for obtaining the contact potential difference. With this improved design of the probe setup a sensitivity of better than 0.1 mV has been achieved. Some experimental results are presented to show the performan...

Molecules of the title compound, C16H10Br2O3, adopt an E conformation about the C=C double bond. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 78.0 (7)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked through weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

Penicillium marneffei is a dimorphic fungus which commonly causes a life threatening systemic fungal infection in an immunocompromised host. It has been recognized as an AIDS defining illness in Malaysia since the beginning of the HIV pandemic. The presence of various non specific clinical presentations, especially the characteristic umbilicated papular rashes with central necrosis which lead to significant ill health in immunocompromised patients should alarm clinicians to the possibility of Penicillium marneffei infection and prompt investigations accordingly. Simple investigations like blood culture and fungal staining of the skin scrapping can confirm the diagnosis in the majority of cases. Early treatment with appropriate systemic antifungal for a definite duration will significantly decrease the mortality rate from penicilliosis.

Electrical transport in Gold/porous silicon/crystalline silicon junctions has been studied. The junctions are found to improve when the porous silicon is exposed to a hydrogen plasma before depositing the top metal. The hydrogen passivated junctions exhibited higher current levels and emitted light at lower voltages as compared to the unhydrogenated ones. Internal photoemission measurements were carried out to investigate the gold/porous silicon barrier. The barrier height determined from the Fowler plot is independent of the top material. The temperature dependence of the barrier height is similar to that of the crystalline silicon energy gap.

SUMMARY Block diagonalization of binary matrices is a primary step in the design of cellular production systems. ‘Grouping efficiency’ which is a weighted average of two measures that consider the voids in the diagonal blocks and exceptional elements in the off-diagonal blocks was the only criterion available to measure the goodness of block diagonal forms. The present work critically analyses this function and brings out its shortcomings, the most severe of them being its low discriminating power. A simple and elegant function has been derived in its place. The new function called grouping efficacy obviates all the defects of the earlier function while retaining the requisite properties. The mathematical properties of the function have been analysed and the function values compared with those of grouping efficiency in the case of well-structured and ill-structured data sets.

Objective: To find the optimal time interval for predicting mobile user behavior in the location-based services. Methods: An innovative technique called Modified Particle Swarm Optimization based Optimal Time Interval Identification is introduced for predicting Mobile User Behavior (MPSO-OTI2-PMB)-in Location-Based Services. The MPSO algorithm intends to find the optimal time interval in the prediction of mobile user behavior for the location-based services. This MPSO algorithm aims to search the best time interval with less computation complexity. Contrast to the PSO algorithm, the MPSO algorithm decreases the search range during the optimization process. Results: MPSO-OTI2-PMB shows higher rate when compared to the existing Cluster-based Temporal Mobile Sequential Pattern Mine (CTMSP-Mine) method. In the MPSO algorithm, randomly generate the initial population with the search space and find the fitness value. Instead of fixed search range, the search range is decreased based on the fitness value during the optimization process. If the network size is 6, the precision rate in MPSO-OTI2-PMB is 0.92, the recall in MFAMGS is 0.9 and the F-Measure is 0.89. According to the comparison and the results from the experiment shows that the proposed method has high efficiency in terms of precision, recall and F-Measure. Conclusion: MPSO-OTI2-PMB is presented and this method has high efficiency for predicting mobile user behavior in the location-based services.

In the title compound, C18H19BrO4, the aromatic rings enclose a dihedral angle of 81.9 (7)°. There are no short directional contacts in the crystal structure.

The various failure mechanisms in bidirectional glass/epoxy laminates loaded in tension are identified using acoustic emission (AE) analysis. AE data recorded during the tensile testing of a single layer specimen are used to identify matrix cracking and fiber failure, while delamination signals are characterized using a two-layer specimen with a pre-induced defect. Parametric studies using AE count rate and cumulative counts allowed damage discrimination at different levels of loading and Fuzzy C-means clustering associated with principal component analysis were used to discriminate between failure mechanisms. The two above methods led to AE waveform selection: On selected waveforms, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) enabled calculating the frequency content of each damage mechanism. Continuous wavelet transform allowed identifying frequency range and time history for failure modes, whilst noise content associated with the different failure modes was calculated and removed by discrete wavelet transform. Short Time FFT finally highlighted the possible failure mechanism associated with each signal.

In the present investigation, two types of DC magnetron sputtered tungsten oxide (WO3) solid state electrochromic devices: one with lithium and the other using protons as intercalating ions have been prepared and analyzed. The lithium based device consisting of lithium aluminum fluoride (electrolyte ~ 500nm) and vanadium oxide (storage layer ~100 nm) has color/bleach cycle of about 10s and the transmittance variation of 40%. The proton device consisting of: Ta2O5 (electrolyte ~300nm) and NiOx (storage layer ~100nm) has a coloration time of few milliseconds and the transmittance variation is about 60%; the top electrode for these devices is semitransparent gold of thickness 10nm. The stability of the proton device has been found to be quite satisfactory for thermal cycling and X-ray dosage of 11.7R. The change in contact potential difference of WO3 during coloration has been measured using Kelvin probe technique for the first time to understand the electrochromic behavior.