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Aminoquinolines (AQs) with diaminoalkane side chains (−HNRNEt2) shorter or longer than the isopentyl side chain [−HNCHMe(CH2)3NEt2] of chloroquine are active against both chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant Plasmodium falciparum. (De, D.; et al. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 1996, 55, 579−583). In the studies reported here, we examined structure−activity relationships (SARs) among AQs with different N,N-diethyldiaminoalkane side chains and different substituents at the 7-position occupied by Cl in chloroquine. 7-Iodo- and 7-bromo-AQs with diaminoalkane side chains [−HN(CH2)2NEt2, −HN(CH2)3NEt2, or −HNCHMeCH2NEt2] were as active as the corresponding 7-chloro-AQs against both chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant P. falciparum (IC50s of 3−12 nM). In contrast, with one exception, 7-fluoro-AQs and 7-trifluoromethyl-AQs were less active against chloroquine-susceptible P. falciparum (IC50s of 15−50 nM) and substantially less active against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (IC50s of 18−500 nM). Furthermore, most 7-OMe-AQs were inactive against both chloroquine-susceptible (IC50s of 17−150 nM) and -resistant P. falciparum (IC50s of 90−3000 nM).

Pretreatment surgical staging in cervical cancer has been studied extensively but remains controversial because a surgical procedure is required and the information gained may benefit only a small portion of the patients staged. Pelvic and paraaortic laparoscopic lymphadenectomies have been successfully performed in animal models and humans. Little information regarding the validity of the procedure in patients who have had subsequent laparotomy exists. In this series, we report our preliminary experience in 12 patients who underwent laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and then laparotomy. Overall, 377 pelvic nodes were removed, with 282 (75%) obtained at laparoscopy. The average number of pelvic nodes removed at laparoscopy was 23.5 (range 7-33). Two patients had positive pelvic nodes. No patient with negative nodes at laparoscopy had positive nodes at laparotomy. When studied in chronological order, the lymph node yield from our second 6 patients was much improved over our first 6 patients, 85% versus 63% (P < 0.005). Laparoscopy also proved to be a better predictor of lymph node spread than computed tomography. Two patients also had right-sided paraaortic lymphadenectomies, yielding 8 and 5 nodes. No additional right-sided paraaortic nodes were detected at laparotomy for either patient. In this preliminary series, laparoscopic lymphadenectomy appears to be a feasible procedure for surgical staging of cervical cancer. The yield of pelvic lymph nodes is adequate and improved with experience. Most importantly, no positive lymph nodes were missed by laparoscopy. The indications for operative laparoscopy have expanded rapidly. Gynecologic oncologists performing this procedure should be involved in prospective studies of this technique to set the standards and indications of this new technology. Copyright 1993, 1999 Academic Press

1. Allogenic transplants of cultured renomedullary interstitial cells exert a powerful anti-hypertensive action. The blood pressure of hypertensive animals usually drops slowly over 8–12 h whereas the pulse is unchanged or reduced. 2. Lipids derived from the cultured cells exert a similar anti-hypertensive action. 3. The anti-hypertensive action of transplanted cultured cells almost certainly results from the secretion of a substance(s) that acts in the manner of a hormone. The tissue culture lipid is a prime candidate hormone. 4. The relationship of the kidney to the hypertensive state is considered to entail pro- and antihypertensive actions. The pro-hypertensive actions include (a) activation of the renal pressor system (mainly renin—angiotensin), (b) failure to prevent sodium and fluid overloading because of either an injured or absent kidney or the excessive action of mineralocorticoids (mainly aldosterone). The antihypertensive actions of the kidney include (a) the relief of sodium and fluid overloading through diuresis—natriuresis and (b) the action of the renomedullary interstitial cell hormone (the antihypertensive renomedullary hormone).