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Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T13:51:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-19T14:08:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-86502005000100007.pdf: 153737 bytes, checksum: d847c6ca9bda07c77c88714309a50dd6 (MD5) Quantificar a dor em cães sob anestesia dissociativa através de estímulo térmico e pressórico e o período hábil de dois analgésicos opióides. MÉTODOS: Empregaram-se 30 cães alocados em três grupos (n=10), onde os animais de GI receberam levomepromazina e midazolam associado na mesma seringa à quetamina. Os animais de GII receberam o mesmo tratamento de GI porém associado ao butorfanol e por fim os animais de GIII receberam o mesmo tratamento de GI associando-se a buprenorfina. Procedeu se a avaliação paramétrica rotineira, empregando-se, entretanto, a termoalgimetria mensurada em °C em média de 52°C e a pressoalgimetria em kg. RESULTADOS: Na termoalgimetria houve diferença significativa em GI nos momentos M0 e M1,e em M4 e M5. Em GII houve diferença em M0, M1, M5 e M6. Em GIII houve diferença entre momentos M0 e M1. Na pressoalgimetria houveram diferenças em GI em diferentes momentos: M0, M2 e M3. Em GII observaram-se diferenças em todos os momentos. Em GIII observaram-se diferenças em M0 e M9. Ocorreram diferenças entre os grupos, sendo o M2 de GII menor que GI e GIII. Já em M4 e M5 de GIII demonstrou-se maior que GI e GII. E na avaliação dos períodos observou-se um período de latência significativamente maior em GI, porém com período hábil e de recuperação menor em relação à GII e GIII. Já a recuperação do tônus postural foi maior em GIII seguido de GII e finalmente de GI. CONCLUSÃO: O método empregado para mensuração do estímulo álgico foi eficiente, observando-se um período hábil analgésico de 3 horas para o butorfanol e de 6 horas para a buprenorfina. This study aimed at quantifies the pain in dogs under dissociative anesthesia, across thermal and pressoric stimulus and quantify the reasonable period between two different opioids analgesics. In this study, 30 dogs were used and, divided into three groups of 10 animals each, in which the animals of GI received methotrimeprazine and midazolam put on the same syringe with ketamine. The animals of GII received the same treatment of GI but associated with butorphanol and finally the animals of GIII received the same treatment of GI but associated with buprenorphine. The routine parametric evaluations has been proceeded, although using the thermo algimetry measured in degrees C with the average of 52 degrees C and the pressoric algimetry in Kg. In the thermo algimetry, there has been significant difference in GI at the moments M0, M1, M4 and M5; in GII it was found at M0, M1, M5 and M6 and in GIII it was observed the significant at M0 and M1. It has also been shown in pressoric algimetry significant difference in GI at the moments M0, M2 and M3. Among GII it has observed significant difference at all moments and it has found at M0, M9 in GIII. Thus, it has observed significant differences between all groups; for such the M2 of GII smaller than the others; and M4, M5 of GIII bigger than GI and GII. In the assessment of all periods it was observed significant latent period bigger in GI, however, with reasonable period and short recovery in GII and GIII. In the order hand, the postural tonus recovery it was longer in GIII, followed by GII and finally GI. The used method for the measurement of algic stimulus was efficient, noticing a reasonable analgesic period of 3 hours for butorphanol and 6 hours for buprenorphine. Universidade Metodista de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Centro Cirúrgico PROVET Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Serviço de Anestesiologia Veterinária - Centro UNESP Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu

Visando observar os efeitos do butorfanol (B) na anestesia produzida pela associação de romifidina (R) e tiletamina-zolazepam (TZ), foram utilizados seis gatos adultos, de forma que todos animais receberam a associação de romifidina-tiletamina-zolazepam (grupo RTZ) ou a associação de romifidina-tiletamina-zolazepam-butorfanol (grupo RTZB). Os animais receberam em aplicação única, por via intramuscular, 7mg.kg-1 de tiletamina e 7mg.kg-1 de zolazepam e 40µg.kg-1 de romifidina (grupo RTZ) ou a mesma associação acrescida de 0,2mg.kg-1 de B (grupo RTZB). A freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média por método não-invasivo oscilométrico, saturação de oxihemoglobina e temperatura retal foram avaliadas durante 120 minutos e comparadas aos valores basais. Os efeitos anestésicos foram caracterizados por meio de um sistema de escores. Outros dados como período de latência, período anestésico hábil e período de recuperação foram mensurados para efeito comparativo. Os períodos de latência e anestésico hábil foram significativamente mais prolongados no grupo RTZB. Ocorreu diminuição da freqüência respiratória no grupo RTZB, havendo decréscimo transitório no grupo RTZ. A freqüência cardíaca não variou no grupo RTZ até os 60 minutos e decresceu significativamente no grupo RTZB. Conclui-se que a associação RTZ produz anestesia com mínimos efeitos cardiovasculares e que a adição do butorfanol à associação prolonga o tempo anestésico hábil, além de proporcionar analgesia mais duradoura, mas provoca efeitos colaterais como decréscimo da freqüência cardíaca e da freqüência respiratória em gatos. The effect of butorphanol was investigated in six adult cats anesthetized with romifidine-tiletamine-zolazepam. Cats were given romifidine (40µg.kg-1) tiletamine (7mg.kg-1) and zolazepam (7mg.kg-1) (RTZ) intramuscularly, or RTZ and butorphanol (0.2mg.kg-1) (RTZB). Heart rate, respiratory rate, oscillometric systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure, oxihemoglobin saturation and rectal temperature were determined for 120 minutes and compared to baseline values. Anesthetic effects were evaluated using a score system. Time of induction, anesthesia and recovery were also determined for comparison. Induction time and anesthetic time were significantly longer in RTZB. In the RTZB group a significant decrease in respiratory rate was observed while in the RTZ group this was transitory. Heart rate did not change in the RTZ group until 60 minutes and decreased significantly in the RTZB group from the time of injection. It is concluded that RTZ is an effective anesthetic combination with minimal cardiovascular side effects and that addition of butorphanol to this combination prolongs the anesthetic time and induces analgesia for a longer period, but causes a decrease in heart and respiratory rate in cats.

Butorphanol (Stadol, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Princeton, NJ) is a synthetically derived opiate. As a nasal spray, it was approved for release in 1991 and was subsequently promoted as a safe treatment for migraine. Since then, there have been numerous reports of problems with butorphanol similar to those of any narcotic, especially dependence-addiction and major psychological disturbances. These problems have been documented by the Food and Drug Administration, but the information can be obtained only through the Freedom of Information Act. The experience with butorphanol indicates the need for physicians to have additional sources of information about drugs than are presently available.

The objective of this study was to determine whether administration of an analgesic to sows immediately after farrowing would allow them to lie more restfully. Sows lying on their pigs, causing them to be "crushed," is a major cause of pig mortality. Most deaths due to crushing occur during the first 3 d postpartum. For modern, lean-type sows, farrowing crates are relatively hard and unforgiving, even though they may be equipped with plastic-coated, expanded metal flooring. Indeed, many sows develop pressure sores on their shoulders, and this may contribute to the sows' discomfort. These sores may cause a sow to change position frequently to alleviate pain, thus increasing its chances of crushing pigs. Sixteen production sows were assigned to either a control group (C, n = 8) with litter size 11.71+/-.78 or an experimental group (B, n = 8) with litter size 11.63+/-1.22. Pigs born to C and B sows weighed 1.60+/-.04 and 1.37+/-.04 kg, respectively. The C sows were given no treatment, whereas the B sows were administered an i.m. injection of butorphanol tartrate at a dose of .15 mg/kg BW every 6 h until 3 d after farrowing. Data were collected on all sows using time-lapse photography (1 frame/.4 s) for a 3-d duration upon the initiation of farrowing. To assess the degree of comfort of each sow, body position changes were recorded when sows switched between lying, sitting, and standing. Data were analyzed by 12-h periods using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney equations. During the 72-h period, B sows tended to perform fewer position changes than C sows (P = .10). Specifically, position changes were fewer for B sows from 48 to 72 h postpartum (P.06). There were no differences in position changes between treatments from 0 to 48 h postpartum (P.50). There was no difference in the rate of crushing between treatments (C = 5, B = 5). The butorphanol did not seem to affect pig activity or normal behaviors or to create adverse effects, such as diarrhea. Although the sows given butorphanol showed a reduced number of position changes, the dose was intermediate, and a higher dose may have a greater effect. If pig mortality can be decreased, an analgesic protocol that is simple to administer and readily available to producers can be developed. Alternatively, using of more pliable flooring or an increase in sow body fat may allow sows to lie more stationary.