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51. Real-time breath-hold triggering of myocardial perfusion imaging with a novel cadmium-zinc-telluride detector gamma camera

Author

Buechel, R R, Pazhenkottil, A P, Herzog, B A, Husmann, L, Nkoulou, R N, Burger, I A, Valenta, I, Wyss, C A, Ghadri, J R, Kaufmann, P A, University of Zurich, and Kaufmann, P A

Subjects
10076 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 10209 Clinic for Cardiology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 610 Medicine & health, 10181 Clinic for Nuclear Medicine
Published
2010

52. Usefulness of additional coronary calcium scoring in low-dose CT coronary angiography with prospective ECG-triggering impact on total effective radiation dose and diagnostic accuracy

Author

Husmann, L, Herzog, B A, Burger, I A, Buechel, R R, Pazhenkottil, A P, von Schulthess, P, Wyss, C A, Gaemperli, O, Landmesser, U, Kaufmann, P A, University of Zurich, and Kaufmann, P A

Subjects
10076 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 10209 Clinic for Cardiology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 610 Medicine & health, 10181 Clinic for Nuclear Medicine
Published
2010
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53. Nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging with a cadmium-zinc-telluride detector technique: optimized protocol for scan time reduction

Author

Herzog, B A, Buechel, R R, Katz, R, Brueckner, M, Husmann, L, Burger, I A, Pazhenkottil, A P, Valenta, I, Gaemperli, O, Treyer, V, Kaufmann, P A, and University of Zurich

Subjects
10076 Center for Integrative Human Physiology, 10209 Clinic for Cardiology, 570 Life sciences, biology, 2741 Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, 610 Medicine & health, 10181 Clinic for Nuclear Medicine
Published
2009
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54. Temporal evolution of CSF following initiation of treatment for Tuberculous Meningitis

Author

Patel, V, Burger, I, and Connolly, C

Abstract

Purpose: When a decision is made to empirically treat for TBM clinicians will often do follow up lumbar punctures (LP) to document changes occurring in the CSF. Normalization of CSF is then used as validation for the decision to treat and serves as indirect confirmation of diagnosis. However the changes occurring in CSF following the initiation of anti-Tuberculous treatment are not well described. This makes the interpretation of a follow up LP difficult. We undertook a retrospective study to determine the temporal evolution of CSF in patients with TBM on anti-TB treatment in order to provide a more rational basis for the interpretation of repeat LPs Methods: We identified all patients who had a lumbar puncture done at King George V Hospital in Durban KZN in the period from 1994-2003. During this time it was usual practice to perform repeat lumbar punctures on patients with a diagnosis of TBM. We selected those in whom a diagnosis of TBM was established. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data for all the selected patients were recorded. Appropriate statistical processing was done. Results: Ninety nine patients met the inclusion criteria. A total number of 327 LPs were done. The average number of LPs per patient was 3 (range 3-9). The time intervals between follow up LPs varied from patient to patient. On initial CSF examination, 67.7% of patients had a lymphocytic predominance and 32,3% a polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) predominance. There was a significant decrease in PMN count over time, p < 0.001. The geometrical mean of the PMN count is estimated to be 21.3 at day 0; 7.6 at day 25; 3.1 at day 50 and 0.64 at day 100. By day 150 the PMN count has levelled off at 0.51.The lymphocytes decreased significantly over time, p < 0.001. The geometrical mean of the lymphocyte count is estimated to be 56.0 at day 0; 40.7 at day 25; 29.6 at day 50 and 15.4 at day 100. The lymphocyte count continues to decline and by day 150 reaches 7.8. The geometrical mean of the protein is estimated to be 2.6 at day 0; 1.9 at day 25 (a drop of 15%); 1.3 at day 50 and 15.4 at day 100. By day 150 it is 0.85. The glucose shows a significant increase over time, p < 0.001. The geometrical mean of the sugar is estimated to be 1.8 at day 0; 2.2 at day 25 (an increase of 22%); 2.6 at day 50 and reaches a maximum of 2.8 at day 100. It then decreases slightly to stabilize at 2.5 by day 150. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate clearly the tendency for CSF to normalize over time. The change is very slow and there is no correlation between rate of normalization of CSF and clinical outcome, for these two reasons the routine practise of documenting normalization of CSF in patients with TBM is of little value. However in the selected patient follow up LP may provide very useful information. The rapid change of CSF glucose and PMN allows us to make reasonable clinical decisions. When a repeat LP does not show definite improvement in these two parameters it should be considered highly atypical for TBM and an alternate diagnosis must be considered. Rapid, reliable and accurate diagnosis of TBM remains a major challenge and new diagnostic methods are needed South African Medical Journal Vol. 98 (8) 2008: pp. 610-613

Published
2008

55. Temporal evolution of cerebrospinal fluid following initiation of treatment for tuberculous meningitis

Author

Patel, V B, Burger, I, and Connolly, C

Subjects
sense organs
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Clinicians often perform follow-up lumbar punctures (LPs) on patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) to document changes occurring in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Normalisation of the CSF then serves as indirect confirmation of the diagnosis. However, changes occurring in CSF following the initiation of anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment are not well described. We undertook a retrospective study to determine the temporal evolution of CSF in patients with TBM on anti-TB treatment in an attempt to provide a more rational basis for the interpretation of repeat LPs. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with TBM at King George V Hospital in Durban from 1994 to 2003 were identified. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data were recorded. We examined the change in CSF lymphocyte cell count, polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count, glucose concentration and protein concentration. Initially, scatter plots of the data modelled over time were produced and random effects models were then used to model the predicted changes in CSF over time. RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were identified, and a total of 327 LPs were done. The average number of LPs per patient was 3 (range 3 - 9). Statistically significant changes in all four variables (lymphocytes, PMN cells, glucose and protein) were demonstrated, with a p value

Published
2008

58. Lowering heart rate with an optimised breathing protocol for prospectively ECG-triggered CT coronary angiography

Author

Husmann, L, Herzog, B A, Pazhenkottil, A P, Buechel, R R, Nkoulou, R, Ghadri, J R, Valenta, I, Burger, I A, Gaemperli, O, Wyss, C A, Kaufmann, P A, Husmann, L, Herzog, B A, Pazhenkottil, A P, Buechel, R R, Nkoulou, R, Ghadri, J R, Valenta, I, Burger, I A, Gaemperli, O, Wyss, C A, and Kaufmann, P A

Abstract

The breath-hold level to best reduce heart rate for CTCA should be individually assessed prior to scanning because a mean heart rate reduction of 5 bpm can be achieved.

Published
2011

59. Verkeerd ingeschat?! De invloed van schattend rekenen, tijd en persoonlijke karakteristieken op kwantitatief schatten.

Author

Burger, I., Hulshof, C (Thesis Advisor), Burger, I., and Hulshof, C (Thesis Advisor)

Abstract

Het maken van adequate schattingen is een belangrijke functie in het dagelijkse leven. Schatten is het verkrijgen van adequate antwoorden op vragen waarvoor geen specifiek antwoord beschikbaar is. Relevante en algemene kennis met betrekking tot het onderwerp is van groot belang om een dergelijke schatting te kunnen maken. Er zijn verschillende vormen van schatten. In dit onderzoek zijn twee vormen betrokken, rekenvaardig schatten en kwantitatief schatten. Er is onderzocht of kwantitatief schatten samenhangt met rekenvaardig schatten. Daarnaast is nagegaan welke invloed tijdslimiet en persoonlijke karakteristieken hebben op het maken van kwantitatieve schattingen. Met behulp van de online surveytool Limesurvey hebben 237 respondenten het meetinstrument ingevuld (met of zonder tijdslimiet). Uit de analyses blijkt een kleine positieve samenhang te bestaan tussen rekenvaardig schatten en kwantitatief schatten. Een tijdslimiet heeft een significante en negatieve invloed op rekenvaardig schatten, bij kwantitatief schatten was deze invloed niet significant. Onderwijsniveau heeft als enige persoonlijke kenmerk invloed op rekenvaardig schatten. De resultaten geven eveneens aan dat verder onderzoek naar de strategieën van kwantitatief schatten en betrouwbaarheid van de gebruikte test nodig is.

Published
2010

79. Energy needs of companion animals: matching food intakes to requirements throughout the life cycle.

Author

Burger, Ivan H. and Burger, I H

Subjects
*PET food, *BIOENERGETICS, *NUTRITIONAL requirements, *INGESTION, *DOG food, *BODY weight, *CAT food, *LACTATION, *GROWTH, *METABOLISM, *ANIMALS, *DOGS, *ENERGY metabolism, *HUMAN reproduction, *HUMAN reproductive technology, *PETS, *TEMPERATURE, *BIRDS
Abstract

An animal's primary demand from its diet is for energy. Unlike an individual nutrient, there is no range of acceptable intakes, but rather a specific energy requirement for a given set of conditions. Accurate assessments of both food energy density and the energy needs of the animal are implicit in providing reliable feeding recommendations. The metabolizable energy content of a food is best measured using in vivo testing in the target species. However, the demands of biological testing mean that a set of factors is desirable to provide reasonable estimates. Assessment of energy requirement in dogs is confounded by their wide range of body weights. It should be expressed on an allometric basis, but the precise value for the exponent is still a matter of some debate. For cats recent studies suggest there may be an allometric relationship over a weight range of 2.5-6.5 kg. Energy requirement is dependent on a number of other factors, in particular, activity, environmental temperature and life stage. Demand increases most in lactation (four times) and growth (up to three times). Old animals show a decline in energy requirement, but this may reflect principally a decrease in activity, rather than any underlying change in metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1994
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82. The long term effects of feeding fat to 2-year-old Thoroughbreds in training.

Author

PAGAN, J. D., BURGER, I., and JACKSON, S. G.

Abstract

Summary A study to evaluate the long term effects of feeding a fat supplemented diet during medium intensity, aerobic training was conducted over 7 months using 12, 2-year-old Thoroughbreds. The control group (n=6) was fed grass hay and a fortified sweet feed (CON) and the other group (FAT)(n=6) received hay, sweet feed, a supplement pellet and 400 ml of soybean oil that supplied about 12% of the DE intake of the FAT group. After 2, 4 and 7 months, the horses performed 2 standardised exercise tests (SETs) on a high speed treadmill. The first test (STEP) consisted of sequential steps of 800 m at speeds of about 4, 8, 9, 10 and 11 m/s. V [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1995
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85. Metabolism of activated complement component C3 is mediated by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha(2)-macroglobulin receptor.

Author

Meilinger, M, Gschwentner, C, Burger, I, Haumer, M, Wahrmann, M, Szollar, L, Nimpf, J, and Huettinger, M

Abstract

Complement component 3 (C3) and alpha(2)-macroglobulin evolved from a common, evolutionarily old, ancestor gene. Low density lipoprotein-receptor-related protein/alpha(2)-macroglobulin receptor (LRP/alpha(2)MR), a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family, is responsible for the clearance of alpha(2)-macroglobulin-protease complexes. In this study, we examined whether C3 has conserved affinity for LRP/alpha(2)MR. Ligand blot experiments with human (125)I-C3 on endosomal proteins show binding to a 600-kDa protein, indistinguishable from LRP/alpha(2)MR by the following criteria: it is competed by receptor-associated protein (the 39-kDa receptor-associated protein that impairs binding of all ligands to LRP/alpha(2)MR) and by lactoferrin and Pseudomonas exotoxin, other well known ligands of the multifunctional receptor. Binding of C3 is sensitive to reduction of the receptor and is Ca(2+)-dependent. All these features are typical for cysteine-rich binding repeats of the low density lipoprotein receptor family. In LRP/alpha(2)MR, they are found in four cassettes (2, 8, 10, and 11 repeats). Ligand blotting to chicken LR8 demonstrates that a single 8-fold repeat is sufficient for binding. Confocal microscopy visualizes initial surface labeling of human fibroblasts incubated with fluorescent labeled C3, which changes after 5 min to an intracellular vesicular staining pattern that is abolished in the presence of receptor-associated protein. Cell uptake is abolished in mouse fibroblasts deficient in LRP/alpha(2)MR. Native plasma C3 is not internalized. We demonstrate that the capacity to internalize C3 is saturable and exhibits a K(D) value of 17 nM. After intravenous injection, rat hepatocytes accumulate C3 in sedimentable vesicles with a density typical for endosomes. In conclusion, our ligand blot and uptake studies demonstrate the competence of the LRP/alpha(2)MR to bind and endocytose C3 and provide evidence for an LRP/alpha(2)MR-mediated system participating in C3 metabolism.

Published
1999

95. Body composition of male and female Labrador retriever puppies at 20 wk of age.

Author

Booles, Derek, Poore, David W., Legrand-Defretin, Veronique, Burger, Ivan H., Booles, D, Poore, D W, Legrand-Defretin, V, and Burger, I H

Subjects
MAMMAL body composition, LABRADOR retriever, PUPPIES, FOOD of animal origin, CANNED foods, BODY weight, T-test (Statistics), ANALYSIS of variance, LABORATORY dogs
Abstract

The article cites a study that aims to examine the relationship between body conformation and composition and the sex of dogs. Eighteen Labrador Retriever puppies in equal sex distribution were used in the study. Puppies were fed on a variety of complete canned pet foods. Bodyweight was recorded twice weekly, while food allowance increased. A Student's t test was used to assess the statistical differences of bodyweight between males and females, while analysis of variance was used for body composition. One of the findings showed that the average initial bodyweight of the male puppies was significantly higher than that of the females.

Published
1994
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96. Design of digestibility trials for dogs and cats.

Author

Nott, H. M. R., Rigby, S. I., Johnson, J. V., Bailey, S. J., Burger, I. H., and Nott, H M

Subjects
DIGESTION, LABORATORY dogs, CATS as laboratory animals, NUTRITIONAL requirements, FECES examination, ANIMAL nutrition, FOOD of animal origin, EXCRETION, PROTEINS, CAT physiology, DOG physiology, ANIMALS, EXPERIMENTAL design, FECES, FOOD
Abstract

The article discusses a study that examines standard protocols for measuring the apparent digestibility of diets for both cats and dogs. It suggests a five-day precollection or adaptation period followed by a five-day of feces collection. In the first experiment, it is measured over different collection periods with designed nutrient requirements for both species. Food and species were studied for gross energy, protein, fat, ash and moisture. Results showed no significant differences in any of the variables in dogs while consistent in cats. The second experiment uses feces output of cats which were fed six different diets. Results of the feces collection differs in the succeeding weeks that is insufficient for fecal analysis.

Published
1994
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97. ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN STROKE RISK FACTORS AND STROKE SUBTYPE - FIRST RESULTS FROM THE SOUTH LONDON ETHNICITY AND STROKE STUDY.

Author

Birns, J., Khan, U., Jerrard-Dunne, P., Burger, I., Evans, A., McGovern, R., Hajat, C., Wolfe, C., Rudd, A., Kalra, L., and Markus, H.

Subjects
CEREBROVASCULAR disease, BLACK people, WHITE people, GERIATRICS, HYPERTENSION, DIABETES, DISEASES
Abstract

The article presents the initial results of the South London Ethnicity and Stroke Study in England which delves in the ethnic differences in stroke risk factors and stroke subtype. The researchers conducted consecutive, prospective recruitment of black and white stokes presenting to three district hospitals in South London. Findings suggested that the increased incidence of stroke in blacks is attributed to increased hypertension, diabetes, and small vessel disease.

Published
2008

99. PSMA and Choline PET for the Assessment of Response to Therapy and Survival Outcomes in Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review from the Literature

Author

Pierpaolo Alongi, Riccardo Laudicella, Helena Lanzafame, Andrea Farolfi, Paola Mapelli, Maria Picchio, Irene A. Burger, Andrei Iagaru, Fabio Minutoli, Laura Evangelista, Alongi, P., Laudicella, R., Lanzafame, H., Farolfi, A., Mapelli, P., Picchio, M., Burger, I. A., Iagaru, A., Minutoli, F., and Evangelista, L.

Subjects
Cancer Research, PET, Oncology, choline, response to therapy, prognosis, prostate cancer, PSMA
Abstract

The aims of this systematic review were to (1) assess the utility of PSMA-PET and choline-PET in the assessment of response to systemic and local therapy, and to (2) determine the value of both tracers for the prediction of response to therapy and survival outcomes in prostate cancer. We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed/Scopus/Google Scholar/Cochrane/EMBASE databases (between January 2010 and October 2021) accordingly. The quality of the included studies was evaluated following the “Quality Assessment of Prognostic Accuracy Studies” tool (QUAPAS-2). We selected 40 articles: 23 articles discussed the use of PET imaging with [68Ga]PSMA-11 (16 articles/1123 patients) or [11C]/[18F]Choline (7 articles/356 patients) for the prediction of response to radiotherapy (RT) and survival outcomes. Seven articles (three with [68Ga]PSMA-11, three with [11C]Choline, one with [18F]Choline) assessed the role of PET imaging in the evaluation of response to docetaxel (as neoadjuvant therapy in one study, as first-line therapy in five studies, and as a palliative regimen in one study). Seven papers with radiolabeled [18F]Choline PET/CT (n = 121 patients) and three with [68Ga]PSMA-11 PET (n = 87 patients) were selected before and after enzalutamide/abiraterone acetate. Finally, [18F]Choline and [68Ga]PSMA-11 PET/CT as gatekeepers for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer with Radium-223 were assessed in three papers. In conclusion, in patients undergoing RT, radiolabeled choline and [68Ga]PSMA-11 have an important prognostic role. In the case of systemic therapies, the role of such new-generation imaging techniques is still controversial without sufficient data, thus requiring additional in this scenario.

Published
2022

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