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Social support may be effective in alleviating fear associated with childbirth in pregnant adolescent women. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between social support and fear of childbirth in adolescent pregnancy.The study was designed to assess any relationships between the social support perceived by pregnant adolescent women and the fear of childbirth that they experienced. through a cross-sectional analysis.The study was carried out in the obstetrics outpatient clinics of a public hospital.The study was conducted with 100 pregnant adolescents.A personal information form, the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Wijma Birth Expectancy/Experience Scale Version A (WDEQ-A) were applied for data collection. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships between 2 continuous variables.There was a significant negative correlation between the mean scores on the MSPSS and the WDEQ-A (r = -0.345, P.01). The MSPSS score was found to be associated with gestational age, residence area, and type of marriage. The WDEQ-A score was associated with educational status.The results demonstrate that social support is highly important for pregnant adolescents, especially considering the fact that the social support received from the spouse was relatively lower among adolescent women with lower gestational age. Nurses should evaluate the family of the pregnant adolescent, especially their partner, in terms of the social support that they provide to the pregnant woman and should support these women with necessary counseling.

Microbial cell factories synthesize value-added products; their bioprocessing with the aid of synthetic and system biology represents a green and sustainable alternative to the traditional chemical...

Aluminum alloys are used in different sectors due to their lightness, high strength ratio, corrosion resistance, and heat conduction, and electrical conduction, non-magnetic and non-toxic properties. Despite these properties, determination of surface quality is a critical factor for improving the functional properties of aluminum alloys such as high fatigue strength, corrosion behavior, and wear resistance. In this study, the effect of high-speed machining of Al7075-T6 aluminum alloy on the surface quality of Al7075-T6 alloy was investigated. Besides, the effect of different conditions on-chip formation was studied. The experiments were carried out in three different cutting parameters in dry and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. It was found the surface quality of the Al7075-T6 alloy workpiece was improved when the test results performed in the MQL condition were compared to the dry condition. When the chip structure is examined, longer chip formation occurs in the MQL environment than a dry environment. It was observed that there was no significant difference in surface quality and chip morphology of the Al7075-T6 workpiece at different cutting speeds.

We introduce the Galaxy-SynBioCAD portal, the first toolshed for synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and industrial biotechnology. The tools and workflows currently shared on the portal enables one to build libraries of strains producing desired chemical targets covering an end-to-end metabolic pathway design and engineering process from the selection of strains and targets, the design of DNA parts to be assembled, to the generation of scripts driving liquid handlers for plasmid assembly and strain transformations. Standard formats like SBML and SBOL are used throughout to enforce the compatibility of the tools. In a study carried out at four different sites, we illustrate the link between pathway design and engineering with the building of a library of E. coli lycopene-producing strains. We also benchmarked our workflows on literature and expert validated pathways. Overall, we find an 83% success rate in retrieving the validated pathways among the top 10 pathways generated by the workflows.

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı, total abdominal histerektomi bilateral salfingooferektomi (TAH-BSO) ameliyatı olan kadınların beden algıları ve benlik saygıları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırmanın örneklemini Mersin’deki bir üniversite hastanesinin kadın hastalıkları ve doğum servisinde TAH-BSO uygulanan 118 kadın oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan anket formu, Beden Algısı Ölçeği (BAÖ) ve Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği (RBSÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin tanımlayıcı istatistikleri; ortanca, ortalama, standart sapma, sayı ve yüzdelik değerleri ile verilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; iki grup ortalamaları karşılaştırması için Mann Whitney U testi ile t-testi, ikiden fazla grup ortalamaları karşılaştırması için Kruskal Wallis testi ile one way ANOVA ve sürekli iki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için Spearman korelasyon katsayısı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalamasının 50.13±9.57, evlilik süreleri ortalamasının ise 26.53±11.97 yıl olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kadınların %86.4’ünün evli, %40.7’sinin ilköğretim mezunu, %55.1’inin en az üç çocuğa sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Kadınların %47.5’nin kanama şikayetiyle hastaneye başvurduğu ve %39’una göre uterusun onlar için hiçbir anlam ifade etmediği bulunmuştur. Kadınların BAÖ’den aldıkları puan ortalamalarının 151.05±26.64 ve RBSÖ’den aldıkları puan ortalamalarının 5.02±1.08 olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada, BAÖ ile RBSÖ arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı bulunmuştur (r= -0.113; p=0.224). Sonuç: Bu araştırmada, TAH-BSO ameliyatının kadınların beden algıları ve benlik saygıları üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç kadınların TAH-BSO gibi çok sık yapılan bir jinekolojik ameliyata ilişkin bakış açılarının değiştiğini göstermektedir., Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between body image and self-esteem of women who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO). Method: The sample of the descriptive study consisted of 118 women who underwent TAH-BSO in the obstetrics and gynecology service of a university hospital in Mersin. The data of the study were collected with a questionnaire created by the researchers, Body Perception Scale (BAS), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RBSS). Descriptive statistics of data; median, mean, standard deviation, number, and percentage values were given. In the evaluation of the data; Mann Whitney U test and t-test were used to compare means of two groups, Kruskal Wallis test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare means of more than two groups, and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between two continuous variables. Results: It was determined that the mean age of the women was 50.13±9.57, and the mean duration of marriage was 26.53±11.97 years. It was found that 86.4% of the women were married, 40.7% were primary school graduates, and 55.1% had at least three children. It was found that 47.5% of the women applied to the hospital with the complaint of bleeding and according to 39% of them, the uterus meant nothing to them. It was determined that the mean score of the women in BAI was 151.05±26.64, and the mean score from RBSS was 5.02±1.08. In the study, it was found that there was no statistically significant relationship between BAI and RBRS (r= -0.113; p=0.224). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that TAH-BSO surgery did not have a negative effect on women's body perceptions and self-esteem. This result shows that women's perspectives on a frequently performed gynecological surgery such as TAH-BSO have changed.

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platforms can be used for rapid and flexible expression of proteins. The use of CFPS platforms from mammalian, specifically Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, offers the possibility of a rapid prototyping platform for recombinant protein production with the capabilities of post-translational modifications. In this chapter, we discuss a refined CFPS system based on CHO cells, including: extract preparation, reaction mix composition, and accessory protein supplementation to enhance expression. Specifically, when the CHO cell extract is combined with a truncated version of GADD34 and K3L, stress-induced eIF2 phosphorylation is reduced and inhibition of translation initiation is relieved, increasing yields. A brief summary of the protocol for running the CFPS reactions is also described. Overall, the method is reliable and leads to a highly reproducible expression system. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the platform, in addition to expected outcomes, are also discussed.

Engineering biological processes has become a standard approach to produce various commercially valuable chemicals, therapeutics, and biomaterials. Among these products, bacterial cellulose represents major advances to biomedical and healthcare applications. In comparison to properties of plant cellulose, bacterial cellulose (BC) shows distinctive characteristics such as a high purity, high water retention, and biocompatibility. However, low product yield and extensive cultivation times have been the main challenges in the large-scale production of BC. For decades, studies focused on optimization of cellulose production through modification of culturing strategies and conditions. With an increasing demand for BC, researchers are now exploring to improve BC production and functionality at different categories: genetic, bioprocess, and product levels as well as model driven approaches targeting each of these categories. This comprehensive review discusses the progress in BC platforms categorizing the most recent advancements under different research focuses and provides systematic understanding of the progress in BC biosynthesis. The aim of this review is to present the potential of ‘modern genetic engineering tools’ and ‘model-driven approaches’ on improving the yield of BC, altering the properties, and adding new functionality. We also provide insights for the future perspectives and potential approaches to promote BC use in biomedical applications.

The surface roughness of a part produced plays a critical role in influencing functional properties such as corrosion behavior, fatigue strength, and wear resistance. Therefore, it is very important to improve the surface roughness of Al 7075−T6 material, which is frequently used in the aerospace industry. For this reason, the finishing process, used to improve the surface quality of the parts in an easy, inexpensive and chipless manner, has recently become an interesting research topic. In this study, a ball burnishing apparatus was designed and experiments were carried out at different parameters (force, feed rate and number of passes) for the purpose of improving the surface quality of the parts. For the design of the experiments, the Taguchi method was used, thus saving time and cost savings and reducing the number of experiments required. Variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed and the effect contribution of the parameters on surface quality were obtained. As a result of the experiments, it was found that force, feed rate and the number of passes were important factors.

The polymer-based materials are generally used in all industrial applications. Even if polymer bars can be machined easily, they need surface finishing treatment after the machining process. The du...

This study aims to use the partograph among Turkish women to (a) assess birth curves, (b) define the phase duration of labour, and (c) identify the factors that affect labour. This study was conducted with 496 women and features a retrospective descriptive analysis and a cross-sectional design. The mean duration for the active phase was 5.75 hours (minimum: 0.92 to maximum: 20.00) in nulliparous women and 3.50 hours (minimum: 0.42 to maximum: 20.00) in multiparous women. The length of the active phase was significantly longer for infants with a length greater than 50 cm according to bivariate analyses. Lastly, according to multivariate analyses, the gestational age was the only covariate that was significantly associated with a prolonged labour (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.62). This study demonstrated that the duration of the active phase for Turkish women lasted longer than Friedman's study both for nulliparous and multiparous women. Prospective studies are necessary in order to create the birth curves of Turkish women. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Friedman was the first researcher to describe the curve and phases of labour in 1954. However, the demographic data of women has changed over the past 50 years. Furthermore, it has been reported that race may influence the duration of labour. There is only one previous study that examined the duration of labour among Turkish women. This study's results suggest a shorter duration of labour in comparison to Friedman's sample. What do the results of this study add? The mean duration for the active phase was 5.75 hours (minimum: 0.92 - maximum: 20.00) in the nulliparous and 3.50 hours (minimum: 0.42 - maximum: 20.00) in multiparous healthy Turkish women. The duration of the active phase in this study was longer than that observed in Friedman's study, both for nulliparous and multiparous women. Also, the nulliparous length of the second stage of labour was higher in this study than it was observed to be in Friedman's study. In addition, the length of the active phase was significantly longer for infants with a length greater than 50 cm according to bivariate analyses. Lastly, according to multivariate analyses, gestational age was the only covariate that can be significantly associated with a prolonged labour (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.03-1.62) in nulliparous women. In other words, a higher gestational age tended to prolong the active phase of labour. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The results of this study can be used to reduce the number of unnecessary interventions used in labour management. Further research is needed to confirm the current findings in other races. For instance, additional research should examine the correlation between the labour models and the women's length of labour.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the traditional practices known and used in pregnancy.Methods: This descriptive study consisted of 342 pregnant women who applied to the pregnant policlinic of the university hospital in Mersin province between January and March 2019. The data of the study was obtained through face-to-face interview technique, using the personal information form, which was prepared by the researchers, to identify the characteristics of pregnant women and the traditional practices applied during pregnancy.Results:The averageage of the women included in the study was 28.90 ± 6.04 (min = 19, max = 42), almost half (47.4%) were primary school graduates, more than half (68.1%) were multigravida, 88%, It was determined that 9 of them also received prenatal care. More than half of the pregnant women (54.4%) do not look at beautiful people to make the baby beautiful, 74.3% of them will be a baby if they want to eat dessert, close to half of the pregnant women (% 47,1) It was determined that they have the belief of not cutting hair during pregnancy. It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between the application status of not having a hair cut during pregnancy, looking at beautiful people to be beautiful and the educational status and the number of pregnancies (p, Amaç: Bu araştırmada gebelikte bilinen ve kullanılan geleneksel uygulamaları belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan bu araştırmanın örneklemi 0cak-Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında Mersin ilinde bulunan üniversite hastanesinin gebe polikliniğine başvuran 342 gebe oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan gebe kadınların tanıtıcı özellikleri ile gebelikte uygulanan geleneksel uygulamaları belirlemeye yönelik sorulardan oluşan kişisel bilgi formu kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırmaya dahil olan kadınların yaş ortalaması 28.90±6.04 (min=19, max=42), yarısına yakınının (%47.4) ilköğretim mezunu, yarıdan fazlasının (%68.1) multigravida, %88.9’ unun da prenatal bakım aldıkları belirlenmiştir.Gebelerin yarısından fazlasının (%54.4) bebek güzel olsun diye güzel kimselere bakma, %74.3’ü gebe tatlı yemek isterse erkek, ekşi yemek isterse kız bebek olacağını düşünme, gebelerin yarısına yakınının (%47.1) gebelikte saç kestirmeme inancına sahip oldukları saptanmıştır. Gebelikte saç kestirmeme, güzel olsun diye güzel kimselere bakma ile öğrenim durumu ve gebelik sayısı karşılaştırıldığında aralarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu saptanmıştır (p

Kadınlarda inkontinans tipleri arasında en sık görülen stres üriner inkontinans, temel olarak pelvik organ prolapsusu nedeniyle oluşan ve karın içi basıncını arttıran durumlar ile ortaya çıkan istemsiz idrar kaçırma olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Klinik olarak sıklıkla pelvik organ prolapsusları ile birlikte görülen stres üriner inkontinansa zemin hazırlayan birçok risk faktörü bulunmaktadır. Ele alınan olguda belirlenen obezite, postmenopozal dönemde olma, çok ve sık doğum yapma, iri bebek öyküsü gibi risk faktörlerinin literatürle uyumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Olgu değerlendirilirken Gordon’un Fonksiyonel Sağlık Örüntüleri Modeli kullanılmış ve olguya bütüncül bir hemşirelik yaklaşımı sunulmuştur. Bu olgu sunumunda, pelvik organ prolapsusu ve stres üriner inkontinansı bulunan hastanın mevcut durumu, risk faktörleri ve nedenleri ile hastaya sunulan bütüncül hemşirelik bakımınının açıklayıcı bir şekilde sunulması amaçlanmıştır., Stress urinary incontinence, which is the most common type of incontinence in women, is defined as involuntary urinary incontinence that occurs mainly due to pelvic organ prolapse and which occurs with conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure. There are many risk factors that predispose to stress urinary incontinence, which is clinically common with pelvic organ prolapse. It was determined that risk factors such as obesity, being in the postmenopausal period, giving birth more and more frequently, and the history of a large baby in the case studied are compatible with the literature. While evaluating the case, Gordon's Functional Health Patterns Model was used and a holistic nursing approach was presented to the case. This case report, it is aimed to present the current situation, risk factors, and reasons of the patient with pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence and the holistic nursing care provided to the patient in a descriptive way.

Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) platforms can be used for rapid and flexible expression of proteins. The use of CFPS platforms from mammalian, specifically Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, offers the possibility of a rapid prototyping platform for recombinant protein production with the capabilities of post-translational modifications. In this chapter, we discuss a refined CFPS system based on CHO cells, including: extract preparation, reaction mix composition, and accessory protein supplementation to enhance expression. Specifically, when the CHO cell extract is combined with a truncated version of GADD34 and K3L, stress-induced eIF2 phosphorylation is reduced and inhibition of translation initiation is relieved, increasing yields. A brief summary of the protocol for running the CFPS reactions is also described. Overall, the method is reliable and leads to a highly reproducible expression system. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the platform, in addition to expected outcomes, are also discussed.

The superalloys are hard to machine materials used in critical applications such as aeronautics and aerospace sectors. One of the most important parameters of the machinability tests is the surface roughness values, which enable us to determine the specific properties of the material measured from the surface of the materials being machined. So, this study proposes to advance a depth understanding of surface roughness evolution, of Incoloy 825 material, when is submitted to machining process. The machinability of Incoloy 825 superalloys were investigated by varying different high-speed machining parameters. Three different cutting tools (I, II and III), three different speeds (500, 1000 and 2000 m/min) and three different feed rates (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mm/rev) were chosen as parameters. The surface quality, chip formation and tool wear outputs of the Incoloy 825 machined workpiece were analyzed and optimum machining parameters were determined. The results indicate that the key parameters impressing the surface roughness, of the Incoloy 825 superalloy, are the cutting speed and feed rate, respectively. Further, the cutting tools investigated have not had a material impact on the surface roughness. The accelerated tool wear is driven by the cutting speeds as well. An overview of the results achieved in this study indicate that the optimal surface roughness value is reached when the following parameters are imposed: tools type: II, cutting speed: 1000 m/min and feed: 0.1 mm/rev.

Özet Amaç: Gebelerdeki vitamin takviyesi obstetrik sonuçlar açısından önemlidir. Beslenme alışkanlıkları et ağırlıklı olan ve bol güneşli ilimizdeki gebelerin ulusal kılavuzlarda önerilen takviyelere olan gerçek ihtiyacı bilinmemektedir. Bu yüzden çalışmamızda, ilimizdeki gebelerin hemoglobin, ferritin, B12, folat ve D vitamini seviyeleri ve desteğe olan ihtiyaçları araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Haziran 2018 ve Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında kadın doğum polikliniğine başvuran 17845 gebenin verisi incelendi. Hastalardan takviye ilaç kullanmayan ve birinci trimesterde hemoglobin, ferritin, B12, folat ve D vitamini istenen 200 gebe çalışmaya dahil edildi. Gebelerin demografik özellikleri tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemlerle belirlendi. Çalışma grubumuzdaki gebeler iki doğum arasındaki süreye göre ve hemoglobin, ferritin, B12, folat ve D vitamini konsantrasyonlarının seviyelerine göre gruplandırılarak sonuçları incelendi. Bulgular: Hastaların hemogram, ferritin, vitamin B12 ve folat konsantrasyonları normal sınırlarda iken, çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm gebelerde bir önceki gebeliği ile mevcut gebeliği arasındaki süre dikkate alınmadan D vitamini düzeyleri ciddi düşük (20 ng/mL’nin altında) bulundu. İlaveten yaşı 26’nın altında olan gebelerde B12 seviyeleri anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü. Sonuç: D Vitamini eksikliği ilimizde sık görülen bir sağlık sorunudur ve güneşli günlerin yaygın olduğu bölgemizde yaşayan gebeler için gizli bir risk faktörüdür. İlaveten nöral tüp defekti etiyolojisinde rol oynadığından özellikle daha genç hasta grubunda B12 vitamini takviyesi, hayvansal temelli diyetin yaygın olduğu yerlerde bile prekonsepsiyonel olarak değerlendirilmelidir.

In parallel with the development of science and technology, usage and requirements of different materials have increased. Engineering materials undergo machining when developing engineered products from them. Machining of some of the typical materials such as titanium, nickel, stainless steel, composites, etc. is challenging due to their inherent properties. High friction, temperature generation, and cutting forces lead to shorter tool life, deterioration in work surface quality, higher consumption of energy and resources, and negative environmental impacts. Hydrocarbon cutting fluid-based conventional flood cooling is not capable enough to overcome the machining challenges such as the aforementioned and adversely affect the environment. It compelled to explore some alternate cooling and lubrication strategies, and hence, minimum quantity lubrication, dry cutting, and cryogenic cooling have been developed. These are the sustainable cooling and lubrication strategies. This chapter presents a detailed insight on cryogenic cooling and its utilization in machining. It also reports the effectiveness of this technique with the help of some literature discussion pertaining to specific materials. The chapter aims to encourage researchers for future research, development, and innovations in this direction to attain sustainability in machining.

We provide evidence that the friction of graphene films has a directional dependence in the interior and at the edges of the graphene sheets. Graphene fluoride was shown to have lower friction coefficients than graphene at almost all angles either inside or at the edges of the samples. At the edges, graphene and graphene fluoride were shown to have a dependence on the scan direction. It is unexpected with respect to all reported results as of today. We have experimentally proven that graphene and graphene fluoride manifest different coefficients of sliding friction at the edges (graphene fluoride from 5.8×10−3 to 4.9×10−1; graphene from 8.2×10−3 to 3.3×10−1) of a sheet sample versus the interior (graphene fluoride from 5.1×10−3 to 1.5×10−1; graphene from 2.5×10−2 to 2.3×10−1) under ambient humidity conditions (~60%). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to prove the friction coefficients have distinct directional dependence between graphene and graphene fluoride. It is assumed that differences in friction coefficients between those in literature and our results for graphene fluoride were due to ambient experimental conditions. Further investigation of the effects of water on friction between the AFM tip and graphene fluoride is warranted.

Adölesan dönemde yaşanan gebelik, adölesanlar tarafından bir kriz olarak algılanmaktadır. Adölesanlar yeterli fiziksel, bilişsel ve ruhsal gelişimlerini tamamlayamadan gebeliği deneyimlemeleri sonucunda doğum korkusunu daha şiddetli bir şekilde yaşayabilmektedirler. Lietaratürde doğum korkusu yönetiminde kullanılan psikoeğitim, hipnoz gibi yöntemler bildirilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra uygun eğitim ve danışmanlıklarla desteklenen gebe ve ailesinin sosyal destek yönünden bilinçlendirilmesi ve gebenin algıladığı sosyal desteğin yükseltilmesi adölesan kadının yaşadığı doğum korkusunun azaltılmasında rol oynamaktadır. Buna ek olarak yeterli fiziksel, bilişsel ve ruhsal gelişimi olmayan adölesan kadına gebelik, doğum ve doğum sonu süreçleri tam bir iyilik halinde geçirmesine yardımcı olacak önemli bir faktör olan sosyal destek sağlandığında bu süreçlere uyumunun artacağı ve maternal bağlanmanın daha iyi düzeyde olduğu bilinmektedir. Adölesan gebeler içinde bulundukları yaşam koşulları düşünüldüğünde ailelerinden ya da arkadaşlarından uzaklaşmakta ve sosyal destek ihtiyaçları cevapsız kalmaktadır. Bu bağlamda hemşireler adölesan gebelerin algılanan sosyal destek düzeylerini değerlendirmesi, sağlanması ve adölesanın ailesini de sosyal destek konusunda bilinçlendirmesi oldukça önemlidir.

The aim of nursing theories and models is to guide nursing practices. Systematic and comprehensive care in nursing practices with the use of theory is possible with the involvement of person-centered approaches rather than the work-centered approach. Watson's Human Care Theory focuses on the person and provides nursing care in a humane, compassionate, aesthetic, and ethical framework. Using this theory in nursing approach to postpartum mothers will play an important role in the development of infant attachment, in increasing the self-esteem of the mother and also in feeling sufficient in the care of her and her baby. It is very important not to ignore the mental and psychological care besides the psychical care of the mothers before the discharge in the postpartum period. In this article, a holistic approach is presented to a primiparous mother who has a history of abortion and who is under pressure due to her birth style within the scope of Watson Human Care Theory. In addition, these nursing practices, which are applied according to Human Care Theory, are intended to be an example for other cases. As a result, the mother stated that education and care practices provided as a result of nursing practices are very useful., Hemşirelik biliminde bakım kuramlarının kullanım amacı, hemşirelik uygulamalarına rehberlik etmektir. Kuramların kullanılması ile hemşirelik uygulamalarında sistematik ve kapsamlı bakım, iş merkezli yaklaşımdan çok birey merkezli yaklaşımların yer alması ile mümkün olmaktadır. Watson’ın İnsan Bakım Kuramı bireye odaklanarak, insancıl, şefkatli, estetik ve etik çerçevede hemşirelik bakımını sunmaktadır. Literatürde kronik hastalıklar ve infertilite gibi olgularda bu kuramın kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Postpartum annelere hemşirelik yaklaşımında bu kuramın kullanılması; anne bebek bağlanmasının gelişmesinde, annenin özgüveninin artmasında, kendisinin ve bebeğinin bakımında yeterli hissetmesinde önemli rol oynayacaktır. Annelerin postpartum dönemde taburculuk öncesi fiziksel bakımın yanı sıra mental ve psikolojik bakımlarının göz ardı edilmemesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu makalede de abortus öyküsü olan ve doğum şeklinden dolayı çevresinden baskı gören primipar bir anneye Watson İnsan Bakım Kuramı kapsamında bütüncül yaklaşım sunulmuştur. Ayrıca İnsan Bakım Kuramı’na göre uygulanan bu hemşirelik uygulamalarının diğer olgular için örnek olması amaçlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak anne, hemşirelik uygulamaları sonucunda verilen eğitim ve bakım uygulamalarının oldukça yararlı olduğunu ifade etmiştir.

INTRODUCTION: This descriptive study aimed to determine the complementary and alternative therapies used by women for infertility treatment. METHODS: The sample of the study comprised 102 infertile women admitted to the out patient reproductive clinic of a university hospital between November 2017 and May 2018. Data were obtained by using a personal information form prepared by the researchers and consisting of questions that ask for the kinds of complementary and alternative treatments that infertile women have used and by using the “Complementary and Alternative Medicine Approaches Scale.” The data were evaluated by using SPSS for Windows 20.0 package program using number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test and Student’s t-test. The statistical significance level was accepted as p

This chapter sheds light on other important high speed machining (HSM) strategies and techniques such as intelligent machining, sustainable machining, micromachining, etc. High-performance cutting, applications of HSM, and hybrid techniques in HSM are also discussed.