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This research aims to develop fiber optic sensors that can be used to measure acid rain levels. This fiber optic sensor uses the evanescent wave type method. SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) Transceiver with a wavelength of 1310nm is used as a fiber optic transmitter and receiver, while the Optical Power Meter (OPM) is used as a validator to test the developed sensor capability. The measurement results indicate the presence of loses successfully detected by OPM and SFP Transceiver. It appears that the maximum value of pH level has been successfully detected with a range of values of 8.72 dBm to 9.75 dBm and 8.7 dBm to 9.74 dBm respectively using SFP Transceiver and OPM. Good results during the validation process show that the fiber optic sensor has successfully worked with a strong correlation of 0.78 to monitor acid rain levels.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of metabolic disorders where human blood contains a high amount of sugar level for a prolonged period. This study aims to simulate the effectiveness of sensors based on microring resonator (MRR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for diabetes monitoring. The results show that a sensor based on MRR and SPR provides the ability to detect low levels of glucose concentration as low as 7 mM (0.13%) and the ability to detect resonance shift for very small glucose concentration change. Therefore, the sensor based on MRR and SPR can be used for diabetes monitoring. The sensitivity of the sensor based on MRR and SPR is 85.84 nm/RIU and 116.69°/RIU, respectively. These findings are important for the development of diabetes monitoring based on MRR or SPR.

This study is to evaluate the surface of AISI 316 as an electrode material for water electrolysis under various potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte concentrations. In the experimental method, AIS316 electrode and KOH solution put into the water electrolysis system. The electrolysis system was combined with the hybrid car engine system that consumed a combination of hydrogen and gasoline as the fuel source. KOH solution concentration was varied from 0 to 0.53M, which was then used to evaluate the surface of AISI 316 electrode as well as hybrid car performances. The experimental results showed that electrolyte solution concentration is an important parameter to maintain high-efficiency hydrogen generation. The more KOH added it gave benefits for creating the more hydrogen gas. However, it brought problems in the electrode surface corrosion. The optimum condition to get more hydrogen gas but with less corrosion damage was obtained when performing the process with 0.40 M of KOH. Indeed, the result also found that the more hydrogen gas being produced has a direct correlation to the reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission (e.g., CO2, CO, and NOx).

This study aims to determine (1) the value of light wavelengths yielding significant power losses which cause potential fiber optic to be used as a sensor, (2) the optimal value of the cladding refractive index for fiber optic based sensor application (3) loss power of fiber optic based sensor as a function of ammonia concentration. The method used is a simulation method using software Lumerical MODE Solutions. The parameters used in the simulation include the values of source wavelength, diameter and length of cladding and the values of ammonia solution concentration from 0 to 30 %. The results of simulation are (1) the source light wavelength of 1550 nm causes significant power losses that can yield the potential fiber optic to be used as a sensor, (2) the optimal value of the cladding refractive index for sensor applications is when the price approaches the value of core refractive index and (3) the increase in ammonia concentration cause slightly increase in power loss. It can be concluded that the wavelength of 1550 nm has more significant power losses than that of 1310 nm therefore it more sensitive to the change of ammonia concentration.

The verification of calculation results of the isotropic and anisotropic-isotropic mass models in Al/SiO2/Si MOS capacitor against the experimental data is presented, using electron transversal velocity as a fitting parameter. In the accumulation condition, the comparison yields the electron velocity of 2.8 x 106m/s for both isotropic and isotropic-anisotropic mass models. The tunneling current values for both models are slighly different with experimental data. In the inversion condition, the values of electron velocity for isotropic and isotropic-anisotropic model are 1.55 x 106m/s and 1 x 105m/s, respectively. The calculation results of isotropic-anisotropic mass model appear to be closer to the experimental data compared to those of isotropic mass model, due to the effect of electron effective mass.

Microring resonators (MRRs) is a compact and multi-functioned device which is mainly characterized by free spectral range (FSR) and quality factor (Q-factor). In this paper, the influence of glucose concentration to the resonant wavelength shift of MRRs is presented. The calculation was carried out using semi-numerical method for different values of FSR and Q-factor. The parameters used in the calculation including incident wavelength, ring radii of circular waveguide, gap sizes between circular and straight waveguides, the dimension of both waveguides, and refractive index of polymer, SiO2 and glucoce solution. The results show that glucose affects the resonant wavelength shift for each values of FSR and Q-factor. The increase of the glucose concentration causes the increase of the resonant wavelength shift, therefore this polymer-based MRR’s can be used for glucose sensing application.

Sound absorbent material is used to improve acoustic quality of room as it can damp noise level and reduce echo. As the manufacturing costs are quite expensive, nowadays, utilization of sound absorbent material is still limited to commercial needs, such as karaoke room, movie theater and music studio. Utilizing waste into sound absorbent materials can provide multiple benefits as it can reduce production cost and landfill waste as well. This research was conducted experimentally with parameter measured was sound absorption coefficient. An organic waste such as vegetable waste and an inorganic waste such as plastic, paper, and fabrics waste were processed through crushing and drying process. The processed material was mixed with bamboo fiber and an organic Nano silica (rice husk). The Compound was used as filler and was mixed with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) as a matrix. From this research, it was concluded that composite material from waste with bamboo fiber could qualify ISO 11654, 1997 standard as a sound absorbent material E class category with weighted sound absorption coefficient value, αw= 0,25(M). This material has a good sound absorption quality in frequency range 500-1250 Hz with highest absorption α = 0.82 at 800 Hz.

In this paper, we present current-voltage model characterization calculation of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3ferroelectric-based solar cell to determine its effective mass. Numerical calculation was done using Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). Fitting between the calculations results with experiment data can be done by approximating the Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3effective mass value. Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3effective mass can be obtained when both data fit.

Currently the trend of using Virtual Augmented Reality (VAR) technology in the field of vocational studies has become a very sexy research topic with visual features that can display objects in 3D, Virtual Augmented Reality can help many things, especially in creating innovation in various industries. In this literature study, the advantages and disadvantages of VAR are clearly described in terms of developing a three-dimensional virtual laboratory for innovation in learning vocational techniques. Unfortunately, some technical problems of VAR technology cannot be fully implemented into vocational engineering learning. The purpose of this study is to show a study of the application of VAR technology with a literature review system method in an appropriate three-dimensional virtual laboratory framework. This analysis is carried out by screening a number of publications of up to 30 major studies published from 2009 to 2018. The results show the low application of VAR technology in education and the increasing application of VAR in industrial environments that lead to high complexity for selecting and developing vocational engineering learning with the VAR system. Subsequent research was also proposed to design and implement AR technology integration into a virtual three-dimensional laboratory specifically for vocational engineering.

Turbidity has an indication that the liquid has been contaminated. In the testing process, turbidity in water can only be measured by sampling. To be able to maintain the quality of water, required a tool that can monitor and measure the level of turbidity of water in real time. water turbidity sensor SEN0189 is a sensor that works by measuring the amount of light from infrared led into the phototransistor that will produce the output voltage on the sensor. The study was conducted to be able to characterize the ability of sensors in detecting water turbidity. The method used is to test the sensors using sediment soil that has been filtered with a diameter of

In this study, aimed to develop low-cost sensor based on fiber optic to assess ammonia index for fishpond application. Here, the simple design was proposed by using Evanescent wave type to assess ammonia index during acid rain event. The experiment result showed maximum absorption loss with variation ammonia mass 1~5% with wavelength 1310 nm from Optical Light Source (OLS) is 27.56 dBm while Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) reached 25.86 dBm. We had calculated RMSE, MAE, and Percent Error (PE) value both of the device (Low-cost fiber optic chemical sensor and OSA) are 1.692%, 0.916%, and 98.833% respectively. A good result from low cost fiber optic chemical sensor has successful developed with lowest production less than 1,455 USD per-year.

Instructional media trainer of fiber optic sensor system is media that utilize optical fiber as props in the lessons sensors and actuators. The purpose of this research is the study of students learning outcomes on subjects sensor and actuator by use trainer fiber optic sensor system and student’s responds about media has used. The method used in this research is experimental design, with the pre-experimental design. This research was conducted in class XI technique electronics industry (TEI) 1 in SMKN 1 Katapang Bandung with 38 students. The research results show that there has been increasing study results students who demonstrated by the strengthening ( the gain ) study results students on the cognitive domain an average of 0,64 in the medium category. In the domain affective and in the domain psychomotor the average value on the good predicate. All of students gives a very positive responds about implementation of this media. From the results of this research can be stated that using fiber optic sensor system could improve student learning outcomes and students’s response is very positive to the media used. Thus we can conclude that fiber optic sensor system on the subjects of sensor and actuator can improve learning outcomes students and very use full to be used in vocational school.

Acid rain event is very dangerous for human activity especially in five cities of Indonesia. Here, acid rain has consistently attacked over five cities in Indonesia such as Jakarta, Manado, Pontianak, Bogor, and Surabaya with average pH level 4.22 to 6.34 in July 2010. Thus, in this study aim to develop Fiber Optic Chemical Sensor (FOCS) for monitoring acid rain level over five cities in Indonesia. The development of FOCS is used evanescent wave type and photodiode FDS10X10 to monitor acid rain quality. In this study, the Optical Power Meter (OPM) is used as a validator equipment to capture FOCS capability. The result shows absorption loss was successfully detected using OPM and photodiode FDS10X10 in FOCS evanescent wave type. Here, the maximum value ammonia mass over acid rain level has successfully detected with value range 7.12 dBm to 8.34 dBm and 7.51 dBm to 7.71 dBm using photodiode FDS10X10 and OPM, respectively. The good result over validation process shows FOCS has successful working with strong correlation 0.78 to monitor acid rain level.

This paper aims to create virtual gasoline engine based on Augment Reality which are used to study working principle of gasoline engine in mechanical engineering of higher education institution. The Application can help participants learn to understand the working principle of a gasoline engine with three-dimensional visualization (3D) through an android smartphone device. The current learning process is still using the practicum module and engine stand to carry out practicum activities, the method makes the participants learn bored in addition to having to share with other students because of limited time practicum that has been determined so that learning activities become less effective. Augmented Reality is a technological innovation that is currently developing where with the technology we can combine virtual objects into the real world directly with the form of three-dimensional (3D). The working principle of the gasoline engine will be presented using a three-dimensional multimedia visualization embedded in the application. The learning module consists of a didactic model and a form of learning. A special feature of this application is the use of three-dimensional visualization that can be operated via desktop computers and smartphones by utilizing the camera facility as a marker.

In this paper, the growth of GaN:Mn thin films by plasma-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PAMOCVD) method is reported. The method used in this study, utilizes a microwave cavity as a cracking cell to produce nitrogen radicals, which in turn reduce the growth temperature. Trimethylgallium (TMGa), nitrogen (N2) and cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (CpMnT) were used as a source of Ga, N and Mn, respectively, while hydrogen gas was used as a carrier gas for both TMGa and CpMnT. The effect of growth temperature and Mn incorporation on structural properties and surface morphology of GaN:Mn films are presented. The growth of GaN:Mn thin films were conducted at varied growth temperature in range of 625 oC to 700 oC and the Mn/Ga molar fraction in the range of 0.2 to 0.5. Energy dispersive of X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods were used to analyze atomic composition and crystal structure of the grown films, respectively. The surface morphology was then characterized using both atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. A systematic XRD analysis reveal that maximum Mn incorporation that still produces single phase GaN:Mn (0002) is 6.4 % and 3.2 % for the film grown at 650 oC and 700 oC, respectively. The lattice constant and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the single phase films depend on the Mn concentration. The decrease in lattice constant accompanied by the increase in FWHM is due to incorporation of substitutional Mn on the Ga sub-lattice. The maximum values of doped Mn atoms incorporated in the wurtzite structure of GaN:Mn as substitutional atoms on Ga sub-lattice are 2.0 % and 2.5 % at 650 oC and 700 oC, respectively. AFM and SEM images show that the film grown at lower growth temperature and Mn concentration has a better surface than that of film grown at higher growth temperature and Mn concentration.

In this paper, the implementation of project-based learning (PBL) in EduNet PC Worx IEC 61131-based PLC (programmable logic control) training program is described and discussed. By using PBL, the students are expected to understand the concept and have ability to accomplish projects in a good level of training objectives. The observation results show that the trainee can demonstrate the academic knowledge and have ability to solve the problem in borderline level. Meanwhile, the ability to organize a work schedule, to complete work on time and correctly, to work under pressure, to utilize equipment and training module correctly, and to handle equipment safely sometimes do not meet expectations. However in the softskill aspects such as attendance, attitude to job and supervision, and ability to work in a team frequently meet satisfactory level. Paper will be sum up with some recommendations for solving the obtained shortcomings. Index Terms project-based learning, EduNet PC Worx IEC 6113, programmable logic control

The acid rain is an environmental disaster that it will be intimidates human life. The development micro-ring resonator sensor created from SOI (Silicon on insulator) and it used to detect acid rain index. In this study, the LUMERICAL software was used to simulate SOI material micro-ring resonator. The result shows the optimum values of fixed parameters from ring resonator have dependent variable in gap width. The layers under ring resonator with silicone (Si) and wafer layer of silicone material (Si) were added to seen three conditions of capability model. Model – 3 is an additional of bottom layer that gives the significant effect on the factor of quality. The optimum value is a peak value that given by the FSR calculation. FSR = 0, it means that is not shows the light propagation in the ring resonator and none of the light coming out on the bus – line.

In this paper, the tunneling current calculations of isotropic and anisotropic-isotropic electron effective mass on Al/SiO2/p-Si MOS involving coupling effect are presented. The results indicated that the impact of tunneling calculation involving coupling effect is that electron velocity acts as parameter of calculation, especially in inversion condition. In this condition, the difference between anisotropic-isotropic and isotropic calculation results tends to be greater when the electron velocity increases. The result of anisotropic-isotropic model is closer to the theory than that of isotropic result. In addition, the coupling effect makes the values of tunneling current more sensitive to the electron effective mass.

Sel surya berbasis pewarna atau yang dikenal dengan dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) merupakan sel surya generasi baru yang bekerja berdasarkan photoelectrochemical. Proses absorpsi cahaya dilakukan oleh molekul pewarna (dye) dan proses pemisahan muatan oleh bahan semikonduktor anorganik (dalam penelitian ini digunakan TiO2). Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pabrikasi modul surya menggunakan lapisan partikel nano TiO2 (non-scattering) dan menggunakan campuran lapisan partikel nano TiO2 dengan lapisan partikel sub-mikron TiO2 (scattering). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui waktu hidup (life time) dan efisiensi modul surya dengan bahan yang berbeda. Pabrikasi modul surya ini menggunakan teknik screen printing. Karakteristik life time diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran I-V yang dilakukan secara manual menggunakan lampu LED 15 Watt dengan intensitas 40 mW/cm2 . Pengujian life time dilakukan selama 500 jam, dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa modul surya dengan lapisan scattering dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik life time namun efisiensi yang didapatkan kurang baik yaitu sebesar 0,31% sedangkan modul surya dengan lapisan non-scattering menunjukkan efisiensi yang baik yaitu sebesar 1,83% namun karakteristik life time yang kurang baik.

The purpose of this study was to synthesize silica particles from rice straw waste using a simple extraction method. The experiment was conducted by heating and extracting rice straw waste into basic solution. To get silica particles, the extracted solution was then put into acid solution and heated to remove the remained solvent. The experimental results showed that the aggregated silica particles with sizes of about 200 nm were successfully produced. The XRD and FTIR analysis showed that the final product was silica and free of graphite. However, we found that some KCl component in the final product in which this was possibly from the use of KOH as the extraction agent. Therefore, further studies are still required to synthesize high purity silica particles from rice straw waste.

We present the modeling of a first order waveguide-coupled microring resonator (MRR) by coupled mode theory (CMT) using transfer matrix model. The design topology is based on the lateral coupling configuration and single mode propagation which is integrated on a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) platform. Performance parameters including Free Spectral Range (FSR) and Quality Factor (Q-factor) are investigated. For verification, we compare these results with the results obtained from the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) commercially available software. We found that both results agree well with each other.

The growth of GaMnN thin films on c-plane sapphire substrate by plasma-assisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (PAMOCVD) method is reported. Cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (Cp 2 MnT) was used as a source of Mn. The growth was conducted at varied growth temperature in the range of 625 to 700°C and V/III flux ratios between 440 and 1080. The growth rate and Mn incorporation into GaN highly depend on growth parameters. From the analysis of XRD spectra, it was found that the highest Mn incorporation into GaMnN which would produce single phase GaMnN (0002) was 6.4 % at growth temperature of 650°C. While at growth temperature of 700°C, the maximum of Mn incorporation into GaMnN films that would still produce single phase film were 3.2 %. The surface roughness of the films determined from AFM image results showing that high growth temperatures tend to improve the surface morphology of GaMnN. The results of magnetization measurement shows hysteresis behavior at room temperature with various values of coercivity, saturation and remnant magnetization in the range of 350-800 Oe, 20-39 emu/cm3 and 10.2–34.4 emu/cm3, respectively depend on the Mn concentration. For the films grown at 650 °C, the highest magnetic moment per Mn-atom was obtained by a sample with Mn concentration of 2.0 %, i.e. 3.1 µ Β /Mn-atom. While for the films grown at 700°C, the highest magnetic moment per Mn-atom was obtained by a sample with Mn concentration of 2.5 %, i.e. 3.7 µ Β /Mn-atom.

Development of a simple, easy and low-cost software for designing of waveguide-coupled single and cascaded microring resonator (MRRs) using semi-numerical calculation based on transfer matrix method (TMM), is presented in this paper. The software uses a device model which is embedded on the high index contrast (HIC) structure of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) with monomodal cavity for TE-mode polarizations, operating around 1550 nm optical wavelength. The main aim of the software is to estimate the microring resonator performance parameters, such as free spectral range (FSR) and quality factor (Q-factor). The software is very simple and easy to use. With a standard laptop computer, it only takes few seconds to obtain transmission response, FSR and Q-factor of single MRR for varied waveguides separation distance and ring radius. The results were then verified using simulation method based on finite integration technique using 3D electromagnetic simulator, which need a high memory and processor of computer and take days to execute the simulation. We found only small discrepancy, which in averages are about 4.25% and 10.80% for FSR and Q-factor, respectively. In general, the results obtained from this software are closer to 3D electromagnetic simulation results.