75 results on '"Buchan N"'
Search Results
52. Reactions in OMVPE Growth of InP.
- Author
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Stringfellow, G. B., Buchan, N. I., and Larsen, C. A.
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- 1987
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53. -Hydride elimination reaction of triethylgallium on GaAs(100) surfaces
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Buchan, N. I. and Yu, M. L.
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- 1993
- Full Text
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54. Social mindfulness and prosociality vary across the globe
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Susann Fiedler, Kimmo Eriksson, Chandrasekhar V. S. Pammi, Justin P. Friesen, Chris Reinders Folmer, Adrian Netedu, Leander van der Meij, Ali Mashuri, Jeff Joireman, Toko Kiyonari, Robert Böhm, Cláudia Simão, Yannis Tsirbas, Kitty Dumont, Sonja Utz, Ori Weisel, Angelo Romano, Efrat Aharonov-Majar, Yiwen Wang, Michael J. Platow, Aurelia Mok, Junhui Wu, Fabian Winter, Nancy R. Buchan, Ursula Athenstaedt, Kerry Kawakami, Roberto González, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Karolina Raczka-Winkler, Karin S. Moser, Jose C. Yong, Xiao-Ping Chen, Simon Gächter, Liying Bai, Serge Guimond, Katarzyna Growiec, Camilo Garcia, Boris Maciejovsky, Sven Waldzus, Alexandros-Andreas Kyrtsis, Ryan O. Murphy, Niels J. Van Doesum, Cecilia Reyna, Yang Li, Geoffrey J. Leonardelli, Siugmin Lay, Yu Kou, Ladislav Moták, Hyun Euh, Inna Bovina, Bernd Weber, Elizabeth Immer-Bernold, Shaul Shalvi, Adam W. Stivers, Martina Hřebíčková, Sylvie Graf, Zoi Manesi, Wing Tung Au, Jan B. Engelmann, Pontus Strimling, Marcello Gallucci, Gökhan Karagonlar, Tim Wildschut, Norman P. Li, D. Michael Kuhlman, Leiden University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), University of Graz, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Fuzhou University [Fuzhou], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, University of South Carolina [Columbia], University of Washington [Seattle], University of South Africa (UNISA), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Stockholm University, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien [Austria] (WU), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universidad Veracruzana, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Sherpany Product Department, Agilentia AG, Washington State University (WSU), Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), York University [Toronto], Aoyama Gakuin University (AGU), Beijing Normal University (BNU), University of Delaware [Newark], National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), University of Toronto, Singapore Management University (SIS), Singapore Management University, Nagoya University, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), University of California, Brawijaya University (UB), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), London South Bank University (LSBU), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Centre de Recherche en Psychologie de la Connaissance, du Langage et de l'Émotion (PsyCLÉ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași [Romania], University of Allahabad, Australian National University (ANU), University of Bonn, Ghenth University, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Universidade Católica Portuguesa [Porto], Gonzaga University, The Institute for Futures Studies, Stockholm, Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien [Tübingen], Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], University of Southampton, Max-Planck-Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Social & Organizational Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, Universiteit Leiden, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), University of California (UC), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Faculteit Economie en Bedrijfskunde, Experimental and Political Economics / CREED (ASE, FEB), PSC (FdR), Human Performance Management, EAISI Health, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], van Doesum, N, Murphy, R, Gallucci, M, Aharonov-Majar, E, Athenstaedt, U, Au, W, Bai, L, Bohm, R, Bovina, I, Buchan, N, Chen, X, Dumont, K, Engelmann, J, Eriksson, K, Euh, H, Fiedler, S, Friesen, J, Gachter, S, Garcia, C, Gonzalez, R, Graf, S, Growiec, K, Guimond, S, Hrebickova, M, Immer-Bernold, E, Joireman, J, Karagonlar, G, Kawakami, K, Kiyonari, T, Kou, Y, Kuhlman, D, Kyrtsis, A, Lay, S, Leonardelli, G, Li, N, Li, Y, Maciejovsky, B, Manesi, Z, Mashuri, A, Mok, A, Moser, K, Motak, L, Netedu, A, Pammi, C, Platow, M, Raczka-Winkler, K, Reinders Folmer, C, Reyna, C, Romano, A, Shalvi, S, Simao, C, Stivers, A, Strimling, P, Tsirbas, Y, Utz, S, van der Meij, L, Waldzus, S, Wang, Y, Weber, B, Weisel, O, Wildschut, T, Winter, F, Wu, J, Yong, J, and van Lange, P
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Mindfulness ,L900 ,Kindness ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Social mindfulness ,Social Sciences ,Globe ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,050109 social psychology ,Ciências Sociais::Psicologia [Domínio/Área Científica] ,050105 experimental psychology ,Providing material ,SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals ,Cross-national difference ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,social mindfulness, cross-national differences, low-cost cooperation ,05 social sciences ,C800 ,Cross-national differences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Variation (linguistics) ,Low-cost cooperation ,Psychological and Cognitive Sciences ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Social animal ,Social mindfulne ,Psychology ,Developed country ,Social psychology - Abstract
Significance Cooperation is key to well-functioning groups and societies. Rather than addressing high-cost cooperation involving giving money or time and effort, we examine social mindfulness—a form of interpersonal benevolence that requires basic perspective-taking and is aimed at leaving choice for others. Do societies differ in social mindfulness, and if so, does it matter? Here, we find not only considerable variation across 31 nations and regions but also an association between social mindfulness and countries’ performance on environmental protection. We conclude that something as small and concrete as interpersonal benevolence can be entwined with current and future issues of global importance., Humans are social animals, but not everyone will be mindful of others to the same extent. Individual differences have been found, but would social mindfulness also be shaped by one’s location in the world? Expecting cross-national differences to exist, we examined if and how social mindfulness differs across countries. At little to no material cost, social mindfulness typically entails small acts of attention or kindness. Even though fairly common, such low-cost cooperation has received little empirical attention. Measuring social mindfulness across 31 samples from industrialized countries and regions (n = 8,354), we found considerable variation. Among selected country-level variables, greater social mindfulness was most strongly associated with countries’ better general performance on environmental protection. Together, our findings contribute to the literature on prosociality by targeting the kind of everyday cooperation that is more focused on communicating benevolence than on providing material benefits.
- Published
- 2021
55. From local social mindfulness to global sustainability efforts?
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Van Doesum, Niels J., Murphy, Ryan O., Gallucci, Marcello, Aharonov-Majar, Efrat, Athenstaedt, Ursula, Au, Wing Tung, Bai, Liying, Böhm, Robert, Bovina, Inna, Buchan, Nancy R., Chen, Xiao Ping, Dumont, Kitty B., Engelmann, Jan B., Eriksson, Kimmo, Euh, Hyun, Fiedler, Susann, Friesen, Justin, Gächter, Simon, Garcia, Camilo, González, Roberto, Graf, Sylvie, Growiec, Katarzyna, Guimond, Serge, Hřebíčková, Martina, Immer-Bernold, Elizabeth, Joireman, Jeff, Karagonlar, Gokhan, Kawakami, Kerry, Kiyonari, Toko, Kou, Yu, Kyrtsis, Alexandros Andreas, Lay, Siugmin, Leonardelli, Geoffrey J., Li, Norman P., Li, Yang, Maciejovsky, Boris, Manesi, Zoi, Mashuri, Ali, Mok, Aurelia, Moser, Karin S., Moták, Ladislav, Netedu, Adrian, Platow, Michael J., Raczka-Winkler, Karolina, Folmer, Christopher P.Reinders, Reyna, Cecilia, Romano, Angelo, Shalvi, Shaul, Simão, Cláudia, Stivers, Adam W., Strimling, Pontus, Tsirbas, Yannis, Utz, Sonja, van der Meij, Leander, Waldzus, Sven, Wang, Yiwen, Weber, Bernd, Weisel, Ori, Wildschut, Tim, Winter, Fabian, Wu, Junhui, Yong, Jose C., Van Lange, Paul A.M., Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Van Doesum, N, Murphy, R, Gallucci, M, Aharonov-Majar, E, Athenstaedt, U, Au, W, Bai, L, Bohm, R, Bovina, I, Buchan, N, Chen, X, Dumont, K, Engelmann, J, Eriksson, K, Euh, H, Fiedler, S, Friesen, J, Gachter, S, Garcia, C, Gonzalez, R, Graf, S, Growiec, K, Guimond, S, Hrebickova, M, Immer-Bernold, E, Joireman, J, Karagonlar, G, Kawakami, K, Kiyonari, T, Kou, Y, Kyrtsis, A, Lay, S, Leonardelli, G, Li, N, Li, Y, Maciejovsky, B, Manesi, Z, Mashuri, A, Mok, A, Moser, K, Motak, L, Netedu, A, Platow, M, Raczka-Winkler, K, Folmer, C, Reyna, C, Romano, A, Shalvi, S, Simao, C, Stivers, A, Strimling, P, Tsirbas, Y, Utz, S, van der Meij, L, Waldzus, S, Wang, Y, Weber, B, Weisel, O, Wildschut, T, Winter, F, Wu, J, Yong, J, Van Lange, P, Social Psychology, IBBA, and A-LAB
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Mindfulness - Published
- 2022
56. Fluorine-18-labelled Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Diagnose and Localise Prostate Cancer. A Prospective Single-arm Paired Comparison (PEDAL).
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Wong LM, Sutherland T, Perry E, Tran V, Spelman T, Corcoran N, Lawrentschuk N, Woo H, Lenaghan D, Buchan N, Bax K, Symons J, Saeed Goolam A, Chalasani V, Hegarty J, Thomas L, Christov A, Ng M, Khanani H, Lee SF, Taubman K, and Tarlinton L
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- Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Aged, Middle Aged, Fluorine Radioisotopes, Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Antigens, Surface metabolism, Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II metabolism, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnosis, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography methods
- Abstract
Background and Objective: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate is used for prostate cancer diagnosis. However, mpMRI has lower sensitivity for small tumours. Prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) offers increased sensitivity over conventional imaging. This study aims to determine whether the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-DCFPyL PSMA-PET/CT was superior to that of mpMRI for detecting prostate cancer (PCa) at biopsy., Methods: Between 2020 and 2021, a prospective multicentre single-arm phase 3 imaging trial enrolled patients with clinical suspicion for PCa to have both mpMRI and PSMA-PET/CT (thorax to thigh), with reviewers blinded to the results of other imaging. Multiparametric MRI was considered positive for Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PIRADS) 3-5. PSMA-PET/CT was assessed quantitatively (positive maximum standardised uptake value [SUVmax] >7) and qualitatively (five-point lexicon of certainty). Patients underwent targeted and systematic biopsy, with the technique at the discretion of the treating urologist. Clinically significant PCa (csPCa) was defined as International Society of Urological Pathology grade group (GG) ≥2. The primary outcome was the diagnostic accuracy for detecting PCa, reported as sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating curve. The secondary endpoints included a comparison of the diagnostic accuracy for detecting csPCa, assessing gains in combining PMSA-PET/CT with mpMRI to mpMRI alone., Key Findings and Limitations: Of the 236 patients completing both mpMRI and PSMA-PET/CT, 184 (76.7%) had biopsy. Biopsy histology was benign (n = 73), GG 1 (n = 27), and GG ≥2 (n = 84). The diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI for detecting PCa (AUC 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69, 0.82) was higher than that of PSMA-PET/CT (AUC 0.63; 95% CI 0.56, 0.70, p = 0.03). The diagnostic accuracy of mpMRI for detecting csPCa (AUC 0.72; 95% CI 0.67, 0.78) was higher than that of PSMA-PET/CT (AUC 0.62; 95% CI 0.55, 0.69) but not statistically significant (p = 0.27). A combination of PSMA-PET/CT and mpMRI showed excellent sensitivity (98.8%, 95% CI 93.5%, 100%) and NPV (96%, 95% CI 79.6%, 99.9%) over mpMRI alone (86.9% and 80.7%, respectively, p = 0.01). Thirty-two patients (13.6%) had metastatic disease. They tended to be older (68.4 vs 65.1 yr, p = 0.023), and have higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA; median PSA 9.6 vs 6.2ng/ml, p < 0.001) and abnormal prostate on digital rectal examination (78.2% vs 44.1%, p < 0.001)., Conclusions and Clinical Implications: Multiparametric MRI had superior diagnostic accuracy to PSMA-PET/CT for detecting PCa, though the difference is not significant in case of csPCa detection. A combination of mpMRI and PSMA-PET/CT showed improved sensitivity and NPV. PSMA-PET/CT could be considered for diagnostic use in patients unable to have mpMRI or those with concerning clinical features but negative mpMRI., Patient Summary: In this trial, we compared the ability of 18F-labelled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) with that of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to diagnose prostate cancer by biopsy in a prostate-specific antigen screening population. We found that MRI was superior to PSMA to diagnose prostate cancer, though there was no difference in ability to diagnose clinically significant prostate cancer. PSMA-PET/CT could be considered for diagnostic use in patients unable to have mpMRI or those with concerning clinical features but negative mpMRI. Combining MRI with PSMA-PET increases the negative predictive value over MRI alone and may help men avoid invasive prostate biopsy., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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57. Management of advanced prostate cancer in the Asia-Pacific region: Summary of the Asia-Pacific Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2023.
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Chiong E, Murphy DG, Buchan N, Chen K, Chen SS, Chua MLK, Hamid AR, Kanesvaran R, Khochikar M, Letran J, Lojanapiwat B, Mallik I, Ng CF, Ong TA, Poon DMC, Pu YS, Saad M, Schubach K, Takahara K, Tey J, Thang SP, Toh PC, Türkeri L, Vinh NT, Williams S, Ye D, and Davis ID
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- Male, Humans, Asia epidemiology, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant therapy, Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms therapy, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Aim: The aim of the third Asia-Pacific Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APAC APCCC 2023) was to discuss the application in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region of consensus statements from the 4th Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC 2022)., Methods: The one-day meeting in July 2023 brought together 27 experts from 14 APAC countries. The meeting covered five topics: (1) Intermediate- and high-risk and locally advanced prostate cancer; (2) Management of newly diagnosed metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; (3) Management of non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; (4) Homologous recombination repair mutation testing; (5) Management of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Pre- and post-symposium polling gathered APAC-specific responses to APCCC consensus questions and insights on current practices and challenges in the APAC region., Results: APAC APCCC highlights APAC-specific considerations in an evolving landscape of diagnostic technologies and treatment innovations for advanced prostate cancer. While new technologies are available in the region, cost and reimbursement continue to influence practice significantly. Individual patient considerations, including the impact of chemophobia on Asian patients, also influence decision-making., Conclusion: The use of next-generation imaging, genetic testing, and new treatment combinations is increasing the complexity and duration of prostate cancer management. Familiarity with new diagnostic and treatment options is growing in the APAC region. Insights highlight the continued importance of a multidisciplinary approach that includes nuclear medicine, genetic counseling, and quality-of-life expertise. The APAC APCCC meeting provides an important opportunity to share practice and identify APAC-specific issues and considerations in areas of low evidence where clinical experience is growing., (© 2024 The Authors. Asia‐Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)
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- 2024
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58. 'Pain-free TRUS B': a phase 3 double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of methoxyflurane with periprostatic local anaesthesia to reduce the discomfort of transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy (ANZUP 1501).
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Hayne D, Grummet J, Espinoza D, McCombie SP, Chalasani V, Ford KS, Frydenberg M, Gilling P, Gordon B, Hawks C, Konstantatos A, Martin AJ, Nixon A, O'Brien C, Patel MI, Sengupta S, Shahbaz S, Subramaniam S, Williams S, Woo HH, Stockler MR, Davis ID, and Buchan N
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- Anesthesia, Local, Anesthetics, Local therapeutic use, Biopsy adverse effects, Biopsy methods, Humans, Lidocaine therapeutic use, Male, Methoxyflurane, Pain drug therapy, Pain etiology, Pain prevention & control, Pain Measurement, Ultrasonography, Prostate diagnostic imaging, Prostate pathology, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
Objective: To determine whether the addition of inhaled methoxyflurane to periprostatic infiltration of local anaesthetic (PILA) during transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsies (TRUSBs) improved pain and other aspects of the experience., Patients and Methods: We conducted a multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized phase 3 trial, involving 420 men undergoing their first TRUSB. The intervention was PILA plus a patient-controlled device containing either 3 mL methoxyflurane, or 3 mL 0.9% saline plus one drop of methoxyflurane to preserve blinding. The primary outcome was the pain score (0-10) reported by the participant after 15 min. Secondary outcomes included ratings of other aspects of the biopsy experience, willingness to undergo future biopsies, urologists' ratings, biopsy completion, and adverse events., Results: The mean (SE) pain scores 15 min after TRUSB were 2.51 (0.22) in those assigned methoxyflurane vs 2.82 (0.22) for placebo (difference 0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.75 to 0.14; P = 0.18). Methoxyflurane was associated with better scores for discomfort (difference -0.48, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.03; P = 0.035, adjusted [adj.] P = 0.076), whole experience (difference -0.50, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.08; P = 0.021, adj. P = 0.053), and willingness to undergo repeat biopsies (odds ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.12-2.49; P = 0.01) than placebo. Methoxyflurane resulted in higher scores for drowsiness (difference +1.64, 95% CI 1.21-2.07; P < 0.001, adj. P < 0.001) and dizziness (difference +1.78, 95% CI 1.31-2.24; P < 0.001, adj. P < 0.001) than placebo. There was no significant difference in the number of ≥ grade 3 adverse events., Conclusions: We found no evidence that methoxyflurane improved pain scores at 15 min, however, improvements were seen in patient-reported discomfort, overall experience, and willingness to undergo repeat biopsies., (© 2021 The Authors. BJU International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International.)
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- 2022
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59. Pharmacological validation of targets regulating CD14 during macrophage differentiation.
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Jimenez-Duran G, Luque-Martin R, Patel M, Koppe E, Bernard S, Sharp C, Buchan N, Rea C, de Winther MPJ, Turan N, Angell D, Wells CA, Cousins R, Mander PK, and Masters SL
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- Biomarkers, Cells, Cultured, Cytokines metabolism, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Leukocytes, Mononuclear drug effects, Leukocytes, Mononuclear immunology, Leukocytes, Mononuclear metabolism, Lipopolysaccharides adverse effects, Macrophages drug effects, THP-1 Cells, Cell Differentiation drug effects, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors metabolism, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages metabolism
- Abstract
The signalling receptor for LPS, CD14, is a key marker of, and facilitator for, pro-inflammatory macrophage function. Pro-inflammatory macrophage differentiation remains a process facilitating a broad array of disease pathologies, and has recently emerged as a potential target against cytokine storm in COVID19. Here, we perform a whole-genome CRISPR screen to identify essential nodes regulating CD14 expression in myeloid cells, using the differentiation of THP-1 cells as a starting point. This strategy uncovers many known pathways required for CD14 expression and regulating macrophage differentiation while additionally providing a list of novel targets either promoting or limiting this process. To speed translation of these results, we have then taken the approach of independently validating hits from the screen using well-curated small molecules. In this manner, we identify pharmacologically tractable hits that can either increase CD14 expression on non-differentiated monocytes or prevent CD14 upregulation during macrophage differentiation. An inhibitor for one of these targets, MAP2K3, translates through to studies on primary human monocytes, where it prevents upregulation of CD14 following M-CSF induced differentiation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in response to LPS. Therefore, this screening cascade has rapidly identified pharmacologically tractable nodes regulating a critical disease-relevant process., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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60. Identification of new therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis through genome-wide analyses of UK Biobank data.
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Tachmazidou I, Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Esparza-Gordillo J, Haberland V, Zheng J, Johnson T, Koprulu M, Zengini E, Steinberg J, Wilkinson JM, Bhatnagar S, Hoffman JD, Buchan N, Süveges D, Yerges-Armstrong L, Smith GD, Gaunt TR, Scott RA, McCarthy LC, and Zeggini E
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- Adult, Aged, Biological Specimen Banks, Case-Control Studies, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study methods, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Quantitative Trait Loci genetics, United Kingdom, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Osteoarthritis, Hip genetics
- Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disease and the leading cause of disability globally. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study for osteoarthritis (77,052 cases and 378,169 controls), analyzing four phenotypes: knee osteoarthritis, hip osteoarthritis, knee and/or hip osteoarthritis, and any osteoarthritis. We discovered 64 signals, 52 of them novel, more than doubling the number of established disease loci. Six signals fine-mapped to a single variant. We identified putative effector genes by integrating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) colocalization, fine-mapping, and human rare-disease, animal-model, and osteoarthritis tissue expression data. We found enrichment for genes underlying monogenic forms of bone development diseases, and for the collagen formation and extracellular matrix organization biological pathways. Ten of the likely effector genes, including TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1), FGF18 (fibroblast growth factor 18), CTSK (cathepsin K), and IL11 (interleukin 11), have therapeutics approved or in clinical trials, with mechanisms of action supportive of evaluation for efficacy in osteoarthritis.
- Published
- 2019
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61. Social identity mediates the positive effect of globalization on individual cooperation: Results from international experiments.
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Grimalda G, Buchan N, and Brewer M
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- Humans, International Cooperation, Models, Theoretical, Public-Private Sector Partnerships, Social Networking
- Abstract
Globalization is defined for individuals as their connectivity in global networks. Social identity is conceptualized as attachment and identification with a group. We measure individual involvement with global networks and local, national, and global social identity through a questionnaire. Propensity to cooperate is measured in experiments involving local and global others. Firstly, we analyze possible determinants of global social identity. Overall, attachment to global identity is significantly lower than national and local identity, but there is a significant positive correlation between global social identity and an index of individual global connectivity. Secondly, we find a significant mediating effect of global social identity between individual global connectivity and propensity to cooperate at the global level. This is consistent with a cosmopolitan hypothesis of how participation in global networks reshapes social identity: Increased participation in global networks increases global social identity and this in turn increases propensity to cooperate with others. We also show that this model receives more support than alternative models substituting either propensity to associate with others or general generosity for individual global connectivity. We further demonstrate that more globalized individuals do not reduce contributions to local accounts while increasing contributions to global accounts, but rather are overall more generous. Finally, we find that the effect of global social identity on cooperation is significantly stronger in countries at a relatively low stage of globalization, compared to more globalized countries., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2018
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62. The development, implementation and evaluation of clinical pathways for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Saskatchewan: protocol for an interrupted times series evaluation.
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Rotter T, Plishka C, Hansia MR, Goodridge D, Penz E, Kinsman L, Lawal A, O'Quinn S, Buchan N, Comfort P, Patel P, Anderson S, Winkel T, Lang RL, and Marciniuk DD
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- Databases, Factual, Emergency Service, Hospital statistics & numerical data, General Practice statistics & numerical data, Guideline Adherence standards, Humans, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, Patient Readmission statistics & numerical data, Quality Improvement standards, Research Design, Saskatchewan, Critical Pathways, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive therapy
- Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has substantial economic and human costs; it is expected to be the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. To minimize these costs high quality guidelines have been developed. However, guidelines alone rarely result in meaningful change. One method of integrating guidelines into practice is the use of clinical pathways (CPWs). CPWs bring available evidence to a range of healthcare professionals by detailing the essential steps in care and adapting guidelines to the local context., Methods/design: We are working with local stakeholders to develop CPWs for COPD with the aims of improving care while reducing utilization. The CPWs will employ several steps including: standardizing diagnostic training, unifying components of chronic disease care, coordinating education and reconditioning programs, and ensuring care uses best practices. Further, we have worked to identify evidence-informed implementation strategies which will be tailored to the local context. We will conduct a three-year research project using an interrupted time series (ITS) design in the form of a multiple baseline approach with control groups. The CPW will be implemented in two health regions (experimental groups) and two health regions will act as controls (control groups). The experimental and control groups will each contain an urban and rural health region. Primary outcomes for the study will be quality of care operationalized using hospital readmission rates and emergency department (ED) presentation rates. Secondary outcomes will be healthcare utilization and guideline adherence, operationalized using hospital admission rates, hospital length of stay and general practitioner (GP) visits. Results will be analyzed using segmented regression analysis., Discussion: Funding has been procured from multiple stakeholders. The project has been deemed exempt from ethics review as it is a quality improvement project. Intervention implementation is expected to begin in summer of 2017. This project is expected to improve quality of care and reduce healthcare utilization. In addition it will provide evidence on the effects of CPWs in both urban and rural settings. If the CPWs are found effective we will work with all stakeholders to implement similar CPWs in surrounding health regions., Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT03075709 ). Registered 8 March 2017.
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- 2017
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63. No genetic association detected with mepolizumab efficacy in severe asthma.
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Condreay L, Chiano M, Ortega H, Buchan N, Harris E, Bleecker ER, Thompson PJ, Humbert M, Gibson P, Yancey S, and Ghosh S
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- Asthma genetics, Asthma immunology, Disease Progression, Eosinophils cytology, Eosinophils immunology, Humans, Immunoglobulin E immunology, Leukocyte Count, Linear Models, Pharmacogenomic Testing, Proportional Hazards Models, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, White People genetics, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized therapeutic use, Asthma drug therapy
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: Treatment with mepolizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to interleukin-5, reduces the rate of asthma exacerbations and the requirement for systemic glucocorticoids while maintaining asthma control. Treatment decisions are guided by predictors of response, including blood eosinophil thresholds in patients with frequent exacerbations despite intensive anti-inflammatory and controller treatment. Identification of additional predictors of response could aid treatment decisions. We investigated genetic associations that may predict response to mepolizumab-treatment., Methods: In this post hoc analysis of DREAM and MENSA, association of genetic markers was tested in patients with severe asthma treated with mepolizumab who provided consent for pharmacogenetic research. Association was tested in a tiered approach with alpha spend differing for candidate genetic markers selected for prior history of association with relevant traits or pathways and in a genome-wide analyses (p < 4.7 × 10
-4 and p < 5 × 10-8 , respectively). Efficacy endpoints included: clinically significant exacerbation rate (tested using a negative binomial model), time to first exacerbation (tested with a Cox proportional hazards model), change in exacerbation rate, change in eosinophil count, and change in IgE level (tested by linear regression)., Results: No genetic marker was significantly associated with the primary endpoint, clinically significant exacerbation rate. One genetic marker was associated with time to first clinically significant exacerbation, but this association was driven by the DREAM data and was not supported in additional sensitivity analyses by treatment regimen/dose., Conclusion: No genetic effect on mepolizumab-treatment response was identified in this population on intensive asthma treatment, with history of frequent exacerbations and pre-selected for airway eosinophilia., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2017
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- View/download PDF
64. The integrated disease network.
- Author
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Sun K, Buchan N, Larminie C, and Pržulj N
- Subjects
- Gene Ontology, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Medical Subject Headings, PubMed, Computational Biology methods, Databases, Factual, Disease etiology
- Abstract
The growing body of transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and genomic data generated from disease states provides a great opportunity to improve our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving diseases and shared between diseases. The use of both clinical and molecular phenotypes will lead to better disease understanding and classification. In this study, we set out to gain novel insights into diseases and their relationships by utilising knowledge gained from system-level molecular data. We integrated different types of biological data including genome-wide association studies data, disease-chemical associations, biological pathways and Gene Ontology annotations into an Integrated Disease Network (IDN), a heterogeneous network where nodes are bio-entities and edges between nodes represent their associations. We also introduced a novel disease similarity measure to infer disease-disease associations from the IDN. Our predicted associations were systemically evaluated against the Medical Subject Heading classification and a statistical measure of disease co-occurrence in PubMed. The strong correlation between our predictions and co-occurrence associations indicated the ability of our approach to recover known disease associations. Furthermore, we presented a case study of Crohn's disease. We demonstrated that our approach not only identified well-established connections between Crohn's disease and other diseases, but also revealed new, interesting connections consistent with emerging literature. Our approach also enabled ready access to the knowledge supporting these new connections, making this a powerful approach for exploring connections between diseases.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
65. Infection-related hospital admissions after transrectal biopsy of the prostate.
- Author
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Sanders A and Buchan N
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Biopsy methods, Patient Admission statistics & numerical data, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Urinary Tract Infections etiology, Urinary Tract Infections microbiology
- Abstract
Background: Urosepsis is the most common complication requiring hospital admission after transrectal biopsy of the prostate. This study aims to assess the local incidence and causative organisms of hospital admissions with urosepsis after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate (TRUS) biopsy. As morbidity is high, treatment must be commenced empirically prior to cultures. A review of bacterial antibiotic susceptibilities was undertaken to guide optimal treatment of post-biopsy urosepsis., Methods: A total of 1421 patients underwent TRUS biopsy in a single city over a 2-year period. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics prior to the procedure. A retrospective review of a prospectively collated database was performed in all patients admitted to Christchurch Hospital, the only acute admitting hospital in Christchurch, with infection within 30 days after biopsy. Hospital admission records were reviewed, including urine and blood culture results., Results: Forty patients (2.8%) were admitted with infection after the biopsy, the majority occurring within the first week after procedure and four required intensive care unit (ICU) admission (10%). The most common organism isolated on urine and blood cultures was Escherichia coli. Significant E. coli resistance was seen to fluoroquinolones, amoxicillin and trimethoprim., Conclusion: Rates of infection after TRUS biopsy and antibiotic resistance are increasing internationally. Treatment for urosepsis should be aggressive as 10% of those patients admitted required ICU admission. TRUS biopsy with ciprofloxacin prophylaxis led to infectious complications comparable with other international reports and appears to remain an appropriate prophylactic antibiotic of choice. Infections requiring hospital admission were all susceptible to a combination of ceftriaxone and gentamicin, and would be an effective initial antibiotic of choice., (© 2013 The Authors. ANZ Journal of Surgery © 2013 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
66. Multiparametric MRI maps for detection and grading of dominant prostate tumors.
- Author
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Moradi M, Salcudean SE, Chang SD, Jones EC, Buchan N, Casey RG, Goldenberg SL, and Kozlowski P
- Subjects
- Aged, Contrast Media, Humans, Image Enhancement methods, Male, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Algorithms, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Gadolinium DTPA, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Subtraction Technique
- Abstract
Purpose: To develop an image-based technique capable of detection and grading of prostate cancer, which combines features extracted from multiparametric MRI into a single parameter map of cancer probability., Materials and Methods: A combination of features extracted from diffusion tensor MRI and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI was used to characterize biopsy samples from 29 patients. Support vector machines were used to separate the cancerous samples from normal biopsy samples and to compute a measure of cancer probability, presented in the form of a cancer colormap. The classification results were compared with the biopsy results and the classifier was tuned to provide the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Based solely on the tuning of the classifier on the biopsy data, cancer colormaps were also created for whole-mount histopathology slices from four radical prostatectomy patients., Results: An area under ROC curve of 0.96 was obtained on the biopsy dataset and was validated by a "leave-one-patient-out" procedure. The proposed measure of cancer probability shows a positive correlation with Gleason score. The cancer colormaps created for the histopathology patients do display the dominant tumors. The colormap accuracy increases with measured tumor area and Gleason score., Conclusion: Dynamic contrast enhanced imaging and diffusion tensor imaging, when used within the framework of supervised classification, can play a role in characterizing prostate cancer., (Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
67. Radical prostatectomy for high-risk clinically localized prostate cancer: a prospective single institution series.
- Author
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Koupparis AJ, Grummet JP, Hurtado-Coll A, Bell RH, Buchan N, Goldenberg SL, and Gleave ME
- Abstract
Objective: The objective of this paper is to report on the pathologic and biochemical progression-free outcomes of patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for high-risk localized prostate cancer., Methods: Data was collected prospectively from 299 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for high-risk clinically localized prostate cancer by 2 surgeons at a single institution. High risk was defined as 1 or more of 3 adverse factors: prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20, biopsy Gleason score 8 to 10 and clinical stage T3. PSA recurrence was defined as PSA >0.4 ng/mL or any salvage therapy., Results: Median age was 63.3 years (46.1-75.9). Median follow-up was 4.7 years (range 0.5-17.3 years). PSA at diagnosis was >20 ng/mL in 31.4%. Biopsy Gleason score was 8 to 10 in 66.9%. Clinical stage was T3 in 24.4%. 81.6% of patients had a single baseline risk factor, 15.7% had 2 risk factors and 2.7% had all 3 risk factors. Neoadjuvant therapy was administered to 184 patients (61.5%). Pathologic stage was organ-confined in 39.6%, specimen-confined in 26%, non-specimen-confined in 26.4%, and 8% had lymph node positive disease. Overall survival, cancer-specific survival and biochemical progression-free survival was 99%, 99.67% and 70.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that PSA at diagnosis, percentage of cores positive and number of risk factors were predictors of PSA recurrence (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that PSA at diagnosis was an independent predictor of PSA recurrence (p < 0.05)., Conclusion: Radical prostatectomy is associated with favourable biochemical progression-free, clinical and overall survival in selected men with high-risk localized prostate cancer, and should therefore be considered an option in these patients. Baseline PSA >20 ng/mL is a significant independent predictor of PSA recurrence.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
68. All terrain vehicle ownership, use, and self reported safety behaviours in rural children.
- Author
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Warda L, Klassen TP, Buchan N, and Zierler A
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male, Manitoba, Protective Clothing, Behavior, Off-Road Motor Vehicles statistics & numerical data, Rural Population, Safety
- Abstract
Objectives: To describe all terrain vehicle (ATV) ownership, access, use, and safety behaviours in rural Manitoba children., Methods: Questionnaire administered to a convenience sample of grade 6 students attending an agricultural fair., Results: 162 grade 6 children participated. The mean age was 11.4 years, and 46% were male. 125 students (77%) reported having access to ATVs, including 69 four wheeled, 24 three wheeled, and four both three and four wheeled ATVs. ATV experience was reported in 95 students, significantly more often in males and among those with a family owned ATV, with no difference between children living on a farm and in a town. Use of helmets and protective clothing was inadequate (10-40%), and dangerous riding habits common, with males and children living on a farm reporting significantly fewer desirable behaviours., Conclusions: ATVs are commonly used by children in rural Manitoba, with inadequate protective gear and dangerous riding habits. Mandatory rider training, consumer and dealer education, and legislation enforcement could improve ATV safety in this population.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
69. Computer analysis of amino acid chromatograms.
- Author
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Buchan N
- Subjects
- Amino Acids standards, Chromatography, Computers, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Methods, Protein Hydrolysates analysis, Amino Acids analysis
- Abstract
A procedure is described for the automatic off-line analysis of amino acid chromatograms of protein hydrolysates, using a small computer. The data requirements are basic, and, unlike previous programs, the present system allows the separation and identification of bands, as well as the quantitative determination of composition. With minor modification, the program could be extended for use with most types of chromatographic data. The validity of the application of the program to experimental data is discussed.
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
70. Letter: Breast examination in obese patients.
- Author
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Buchan NG
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Lymph Nodes, Breast, Palpation methods
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
71. Experience with thermoplastic splints in the post-burn hand.
- Author
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Buchan NG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Butadienes, Child, Preschool, Cicatrix therapy, Contracture prevention & control, Female, Humans, Male, Neoprene, Surgery, Plastic, Burns therapy, Hand Injuries therapy, Splints adverse effects
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
72. Repair of deep abrasion injuries of the scalp.
- Author
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Buchan NG and Goldin JH
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Male, Scalp surgery, Skin Transplantation, Transplantation, Autologous, Scalp injuries, Surgery, Plastic
- Published
- 1977
73. Operation "parent-contact".
- Author
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Buchan NM and Miller R
- Subjects
- Humans, New Zealand, Professional-Family Relations, School Dentistry
- Published
- 1978
74. Lipoid protenosis--the oro-facial manifestations.
- Author
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Orton CI and Buchan NG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe pathology, Male, Mouth Mucosa pathology, Lipidoses complications, Lipoid Proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe complications, Oral Manifestations
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
75. The cleft ear lobe: a method of repair with preservation of the earring canal.
- Author
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Buchan NG
- Subjects
- Ear, External surgery, Female, Humans, Ear Deformities, Acquired surgery, Ear, External injuries, Surgery, Plastic methods
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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