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The aim of this study was to evaluate neovascularization of bovine xenografts implanted in intracorporeal sites of rabbits (bioreactors). 30 rabbits were used, divided into 6 groups, according to the evaluation time (7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days); each animal received xenogenic implants in 3 different intracorporeal sites (A1 - omentum bag; A2 - intermuscular space of quadriceps femoris; A3 - subperiosteal of ilium bone). Histological assessments graded the presence of angiogenesis, the number of inflammatory cells, newly formed bone tissue, and the presence of giant cells. Histological analyses showed intense angiogenesis in all implanted xenografts. Presence of inflammatory infiltrate and giant cells at the A1 implant site and presence of bone neoformation at the A3 implant site were noted. Degeneration of implants and formation of a fibrous capsule were noted. When comparing the interaction of the site with the days of evaluation, statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p≤0.05) in any time of neovascularization analysis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory cells of the omentum in its structure, may have contributed to the greater presence of neovessels and inflammatory cells, a fact that may indicate functionality as a possible bone substitute. RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a neovascularização de xenoenxertos bovinos implantados em sítios intracorpóreos de coelhos (biorreatores). Foram utilizados 30 coelhos, os quais foram divididos em seis grupos, de acordo com o tempo de avaliação (sete, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias); cada animal recebeu implantes xenogênicos em três diferentes sítios intracorpóreos (A1 - bolsa de omento; A2 - espaço intermuscular do quadríceps femoral; A3 - subperiosteal do osso ílio). Avaliações histológicas classificaram a presença de angiogênese, o número de células inflamatórias, de tecido ósseo neoformado e a presença de células gigantes. As análises histológicas mostraram intensa angiogênese em todos os xenoenxertos implantados. Observou-se presença de infiltrado inflamatório e células gigantes no local do implante A1 e presença de neoformação óssea no local do implante A3. Ao mesmo tempo, a degeneração dos implantes e a formação de uma cápsula fibrosa foram observadas. Ao comparar a interação do local com os dias de avaliação, a análise estatística mostrou diferença significativa (P≤0,05) em qualquer momento da análise de neovascularização. O fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e as células inflamatórias do omento em sua estrutura podem ter contribuído para a maior presença de neovasos e células inflamatórias, fato que pode indicar funcionalidade como possível substituto ósseo.

Introdução: As fraturas da coluna vertebral são causas potenciais de injúrias da medula espinhal em pequenos animais. Frequentemente, o paciente com trauma toracolombar têm lesões associadas em outros órgãos. Objetivos: Objetivou-se relatar um caso de ruptura da bexiga urinária e fratura completa oblíqua na 5° vértebra lombar e descrever as técnicas cirúrgicas utilizadas. Materiais e métodos: Uma cadela, Shih Tzu, com 5 anos de idade, 5 kg, foi atendido com histórico de trauma há 4 horas pela queda de um botijão de gás cheio na região toracolombar. Paraparesia, disúria, hematúria e dor abdominal eram os sinais clínicos. Ao exame neurológico, a paciente demonstrou dor acentuada na região lombar e propriocepção ausente. O paciente foi submetido ao exame radiográfico da coluna vertebral o qual indicou fratura completa oblíqua na 5° vértebra lombar. Na ultrassonografia abdominal, constatou-se líquido livre na cavidade abdominal. Realizou-se uretrocistografia retrógrada de contraste positivo, confirmando-se a ruptura da vesícula urinária. Optou-se primariamente pela cistorrafia com fio absorvível monofilamentado, padrão contínuo, invaginante Cushing e em 2 planos. Instituiu-se o tratamento clínico para fratura vertebral que incluiu confinamento estrito, imobilização externa e controle da dor (dipirona 25mg/kg SID e tramadol 2 mg/kg SID). Após dois dias, realizou-se laminectomia e estabilização lombar. A fratura em L5 foi reduzida com auxílio de pinça ponta-ponta. Dois parafusos foram colocados tanto na vértebra cranial (L4) quanto caudal (L6) à fratura, com ângulo de 45° de inserção. O cimento ósseo Cimento Ortopédico Veterinário – C-VET foi colocado em torno dos implantes. Efetuou-se o desgaste do processo espinhoso das vértebras L4, L5 e L6. Resultados: No pós-operatório imediato, a paciente foi encaminhada para internação. Foi orientado repouso absoluto por 15 dias. No sétimo dia, o animal deambulava sem dor e urinava normalmente. Após 30 dias, a paciente não apresentava alterações clínicas neurológicas, recebendo alta. Uma intervenção terapêutica rápida limita a extensão da lesão neuronal, favorecendo a recuperação do paciente. Em cães com preservação da percepção de dor profunda, o prognóstico é favorável. Conclusão: Conclui-se que em casos com histórico conhecido de traumatismo vertebral deve-se avaliar o paciente quanto a lesões concorrentes para um resultado pós-cirúrgico satisfatório.

Introdução: A fratura metafisária proximal da tíbia é incomum, causado por lesão de baixo impacto, e tende a afetar filhotes, exigindo redução anatômica precoce para preservar o crescimento e prevenir danos secundários a função do joelho. Objetivos: Objetivou-se relatar um caso de fratura metafisária proximal da tíbia em cão filhote e descrever a técnica cirúrgica utilizada com sucesso. Materiais e métodos: Um canino, fêmea, com 5 meses de idade, chihuahua, 1 kg, foi atendido com histórico de trauma decorrente de queda. Apresentou sinais de dor e impotência funcional do membro pélvico direito com 2 dias de evolução. Ao exame ortopédico, evidenciou-se dor, crepitação e instabilidade da região proximal da tíbia direita. A radiografia evidenciou uma fratura no aspecto distal em relação a tuberosidade tibial, perfil curvo, sendo o segmento proximal côncavo e o segmento distal convexo, e optou-se pela estabilização com tala. Após 7 dias, observou-se apoio do membro, porém sem sua utilização ao caminhar. O acompanhamento radiográfico evidenciou início da formação de ponte óssea entre os fragmentos proximais e distais e o procurvatum do fragmento proximal da tíbia. Desta forma, optou-se pela redução aberta com com placa óssea bloqueada Fixin® 1,5 mm em forma de “T”, fixada a parafusos bloqueados de 1,5 mm. Resultados: No pós-operatório imediato, a avaliação radiográfica evidenciou alinhamento e aposição dos fragmentos ósseos, porém o parafuso cranial do fragmento proximal transpassou de maneira obliqua a linha de crescimento proximal. Após 30 dias, o exame radiográfico evidenciou ausência de linha de fratura e o fechamento precoce da epífise proximal lateral. Após 60 dias, o exame radiográfico mostrou um desvio angular valgo da tíbia proximal. Clinicamente, observou-se ausência de claudicação, com apoio completo do membro em estação e durante atividade física. No exame ortopédico, apresentava ausência de crepitação, dor e instabilidade e amplitude de movimento articular normal, recebendo alta clínica. Os implantes aplicados na placa de crescimento predispõe o fechamento precoce, sendo a principal consequência as deformidades de crescimento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a estabilização com placa óssea proporcionou resultado clínico favorável, porém o acompanhamento clínico é importante para prevenção de processo degenerativos a longo prazo.

Introdução: O emprego da cistopexia no tratamento de hérnia perineal têm sido sugerido com intuito de diminuir a pressão sobre o diafragma pélvico, e consequentemente, prevenir o risco de recidiva. Objetivos: Objetivou-se relatar um caso de recidiva de hérnia perineal unilateral com encarceramento de vesícula urinária e descrever a técnica cirúrgica utilizada. Materiais e métodos: Uma cadela, sem raça definida, com doze anos de idade, 4,4 kg, foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário com histórico de trauma automobilístico há cinco anos, e consequente paraplegia devido à fratura em coluna toracolombar. Há um mês havia passado por herniorrafia em colega, com recidiva da herniação. Retenção urinária e cistite recorrente eram os sinais clínicos. Ao exame físico, a paciente apresentava um aumento de volume em região perineal esquerda de consistência macia, e durante a palpação, havia eliminação de urina. O diagnóstico clínico de hérnia perineal com encarceramento da vesícula urinária foi confirmado por meio de ultrassonografia, onde foi possível observar parte da vesícula urinária no aumento de volume perineal. O planejamento cirúrgico envolveu a exploração intra-abdominal para redução do conteúdo herniário e cistopexia à parede abdominal esquerda. A abordagem perineal à hérnia, por meio de incisão cutânea curva, estendeu-se da base da cauda em direção ao tubérculo isquiático. Devido a significativa atrofia muscular e fibrose da intervenção passada, foi difícil identificar as estruturas que compõem o diafragma pélvico, porém, as suturas de reforço foram realizadas em padrão "bolsa de fumo", utilizando fio nylon n°0. Resultados: No pós-operatório imediato, já urinava normalmente. Após dez dias a paciente veio a óbito por complicações sistêmicas decorrentes de hepatopatia. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a cistopexia concomitante à herniorrafia são possíveis alternativas para um resultado pós-cirúrgico satisfatório de hérnias perineais com encarceramento de vesícula urinária.

Dorsal laminectomy is routinely performed for spinal cord compressions or stenosis of the cervical vertebral canal. However, despite good results, relevant complications have been described in dogs. Considering the incomplete understanding of the necessity for complementary surgical stabilization after performing laminectomies in the cervical region, this study compared the resistance and range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spinal column subjected to Funkquist B laminectomy between the sixth and seventh vertebrae in dogs. Forty-four cervical vertebral columns (C2-T1) of dogs, with an average weight of 26.2±3.8 kg, were selected using radiography and computed tomography. Four experimental groups (n=11) were established according to the mechanical test: two control groups (flexion and extension control) and two laminectomy groups (flexion and extension laminectomies). Numerical results of the maximum load for measuring the resistance and ROM of the columns of the two control groups and the two laminectomy groups were compared. The laminectomy groups showed a lower maximum load, regardless of the mechanical test performed (P

The use of modified tibial plateau leveling osteotomy adapted for correction of the lateral patellar dislocation was effective, allowing simultaneous treatment of lateral patellar luxation and cranial cruciate ligament deficiency.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare in vitro accuracy of femoral measurements obtained from different radiographical positions with actual femoral anatomical dimensions in dogs. Materials and Methods Craniocaudal projections of the femur in ventrodorsal position, standard craniocaudal radiographical (SR) and craniocaudal radiography with horizontal radiographical beam (HR), in addition to anatomical macroscopic measurements (A), were obtained from 45 femurs from 23 canine cadavers, for calculation of the canal flare index (CFI). The differences between the radiographical positions and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between the CFI-SR, CFI-HR and CFI-A were evaluated by the Bland–Altman method. Results The standard craniocaudal radiograph provided an approximate dimension of the proximal femoral morphology (mean difference: 0.121 ± 0.391) with a different CFI value (p = 0.0341) from CFI-A. The craniocaudal radiograph taken using a horizontal beam provided greater accuracy (mean difference: 0.087 ± 0.42) in our study. Clinical Significance The craniocaudal projection using a horizontal radiographical beam was more accurate than the standard craniocaudal projection for measurement of the true anatomical dimensions of the canine femur, minimizing the influence of the technique on the CFI values.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-21. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:28:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352021000300647.pdf: 229877 bytes, checksum: 755945bec1acc31df216f8fe893c581e (MD5) O tratamento das fraturas do membro torácico dos tamanduás-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) é extremamente desafiador. Características anatômicas pouco familiares e peculiares, musculatura muito desenvolvida e necessidade iminente de retorno precoce à função do membro destacam tais desafios. Objetivou-se, neste relato, descrever a utilização com sucesso da osteossíntese anatômica com placa bloqueada robusta em fratura umeral de um tamanduá-bandeira. O paciente foi resgatado em rodovia após atropelamento e atendido no Hospital Veterinário Universitário. Após sedação e avaliação física completa, foi realizado exame radiográfico, o qual revelou fratura completa oblíqua curta em diáfise média de úmero esquerdo. A estabilização cirúrgica foi realizada por abordagem craniomedial ao úmero, utilizando-se placa bloqueada (LCP) do sistema 3,5mm customizada. O paciente apresentou apoio precoce do membro com 24 horas de pós-operatório. Realizou-se acompanhamento radiográfico aos 30, 60 e 90 dias, sendo observada união clínica sem quaisquer complicações. Conclui-se que o tratamento das fraturas do úmero em tamanduás-bandeira exige robustez na fixação. A utilização de sistema reforçado de placa bloqueada mostrou-se efetiva e adequada à carga mecânica de que um indivíduo adulto dessa espécie necessita para uso precoce do membro torácico e, ao mesmo tempo, eficiente no controle da movimentação interfragmentária, o qual permitiu consolidação da fratura. The treatment of fractures from the thoracic limb in giant anteaters is extremely challenging. Unfamiliar and peculiar anatomical characteristics, robust musculature and the imminent need for an early return to limb function highlight such challenges. The objective of this report was to describe the successful use of anatomical osteosynthesis with a robust locking compression plate in a humeral fracture of an adult giant anteater. The patient was rescued on the highway after being run over and presented for treatment at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Surgical stabilization was performed using a craniomedial approach to the humerus, using a customized broad 3.5mm locking compression plate. The patient presented early limb support at 24 hours postoperatively. Radiographic monitoring was performed at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively, and bone healing was observed without any complications. It is concluded that the treatment of humerus fractures in giant anteaters requires robust fixation. The use of a reinforced locking compression plate system proved to be effective and adequate to the mechanical load that an adult individual of this species needs for early use of the thoracic limb and, at the same time, efficient in controlling interfragmentary movement, which allowed fracture consolidation. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Purpose To evaluate the biomechanical properties of a novel total hip replacement femoral stem. Methods Eight pairs of femurs from dog cadavers were used. The femurs were separated into different groups. A novel femoral stem with a convex proximal portion (Stem B) was biomechanically evaluated and compared to awell-known veterinary collared stem (Stem A). Femoral stems were inserted into the contralateral femurs from the same dog, forming 16 constructs. A flexo-compression load was applied on the axial axis of each sample. Maximum strength, deflection, stiffness, and energy absorption were analysed. Results Group B constructs showed significantly higher values (p ? 0.05) for the variables, except stiffness. The mean maximum strength was 1,347 ± 357 N for Group A and 1,805 ± 123 N for Group B (p ? 0.0069). The mean deflection was5.54 ± 2.63 mm for Group A and 10.03 ± 3.99 mm for Group B (p ? 0.0056). For the energy variable, the force was 6,203 ± 3,488 N/mm for Group A and 12,885 ± 5,056 N/mm for Group B (p ? 0.0054). Stem B had greater maximum strength, deflection, and energy. Conclusions The new stem was effective in neutralizing the impact of axial flexion-compression stresses during biomechanical tests in cadaveric models.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-21. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:28:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352021000300589.pdf: 386212 bytes, checksum: bde11d53a1b389fbba8d355bb98d0e95 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Objetivou-se avaliar a efetividade da estabilização em ponte de fraturas tibiais simples em cães utilizando-se a técnica de osteossíntese minimamente invasiva com placa (MIPO). Registros médicos e radiográficos de 29 cães com fraturas simples de tíbia, fixadas em ponte por meio da MIPO, foram retrospectivamente avaliados. O resultado clínico foi classificado com base na deambulação ao final do tratamento. Os ângulos articulares mecânicos da tíbia foram aferidos e comparados aos valores descritos na literatura. Adicionalmente, foram avaliadas a aposição dos fragmentos e a disposição dos implantes. Por meio da escala modificada de união radiográfica para fraturas de tíbia, determinou-se o momento de união clínica. Clinicamente, ao final do tratamento, apenas um animal apresentou claudicação ao trote. Não houve diferença significativa entre o alinhamento ósseo no plano frontal quando comparado com dados da literatura (P>0,05), enquanto, no plano sagital, o ângulo mecânico caudal proximal da tíbia foi significativamente maior (P=0,001). A mediana para aposição dos fragmentos foi considerada aceitável. As médias para relação placa em ponte, comprimento de trabalho da placa e densidade de parafusos da placa foram, respectivamente, 0,8; 0,57 e 0,48. A mediana para união clínica foi de 30 dias. A estabilização em ponte de fraturas tibiais simples resultou em rápida consolidação óssea, com baixas taxas de complicação. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bridge plating of simple tibial fractures in dogs by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). Medical and radiographic records of twenty-nine dogs with simple tibial fractures that underwent bridge fixation by MIPO were retrospectively evaluated. The clinical outcome was classified considering the presence of lameness at the end of the treatment. The tibial mechanical joint angles were measured and compared with the values described in the literature. Additionally, fragment apposition and implant disposition were evaluated. Based on the modified Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial fractures, the moment of clinical union was determined. Clinically, at the end of treatment, only one patient presented lameness at a trot. While there was no significant difference between the bone alignment in the frontal plane values and the values described in the literature (P>0.05), the caudal proximal tibial angle was significantly higher (P=0.001). The median fragment apposition was considered acceptable. The average bridge plate ratio, plate working length, and plate screw density were 0.8, 0.57, and 0.48, respectively. The median time to clinical union was 30 days. Bridge plating in simple tibial fractures resulted in fast healing and low complication rates. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências e Engenharia Agronômica Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias CAPES: 001

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Fundaca o de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-Brazil UNESP/Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil The fixation of fractures in wild animals has been a great challenge for veterinarians, because they will inevitably face a unique anatomical characteristic with scarce studies or reports published. Fracture fixation should promote adequate stability and early return to limb function, taking into account biomechanical characteristics of the bones, body weight, and natural habits of wildlife. Three bone fractures from two giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) referred at the veterinary teaching hospital on different occasions were treated by a double plating technique. The two free-ranging anteaters incurred their injuries when struck by an automobile. The first anteater (Ant 1) had a complete oblique fracture of the proximal third of the right femur and a complete comminuted fracture of the distal third of the right tibia. Surgical stabilization was performed by double plating to stabilize the femur and tibia. The second anteater (Ant 2) had a complete transverse fracture of the mid-diaphysis of the right radius and ulna, and it was fixed with a medial plate on the radius and a caudal plate on the ulna. The patients were able to walk 24 hr after the surgical procedures. Bone consolidation was observed at 60 days postoperatively, with no complications. The biggest challenges were related to anatomical characteristics for surgical approaches and the ability to promote a fixation strong enough to support the weight and strength of the animal, allowing early return to limb function. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agr & Veterinarian Sci, Dept Vet Clin & Surg, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agr & Veterinarian Sci, Dept Vet Clin & Surg, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nandrolone decanoate (ND) on treatment of bone nonunion in the radius of rabbits. Thirty-one, young adult, New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were allocated to one of four groups: nandrolone males (NMG), nandrolone females (NFG), placebo males (NPM), and placebo females (NPF). After bone nonunion of a 10 mm ostectomy of the radius was confirmed (45 days after surgery), the animals in the NMG and NFG groups received 10 mg/kg ND intramuscular once a week for four weeks, while placebo groups received intramuscular 0.9% NaCl solution. Radiographic, histopathologic, and densitometric parameters (DXA) were used to compared groups.ResultsNo significant differences were observed radiographically. However, ND groups showed greater area (P=0.0258) and BMC (P=0.0140) in the densitometric evaluation. Histologically, the placebo group showed a predominance of primary bone tissue. Whereas, lamellary organizations of secondary bone and the presence of fibrocartilage were found in the ND group (P =0.006). In conclusion, ND promoted bone regeneration after the creation of a large defect in the radius of rabbits.

Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) associated to cranial wedge closing ostectomy (CCWO) has been one of the best options to manage cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and excessive tibial plateau angle (TPA) in large dogs, however, the complication rate is potentially high. It is believed that a more robust fixation is necessary to stabilize them and decrease the risk of implant failure. A 6-year-old male American Pit Bull, weighing 36kg, with 90-day history of right hind limb lameness, was diagnosed with CCL disease. Due to the excessive tibial plateau angle (42°), TPLO was associated with a modified CCWO using a double plating technique. A final TPA of 12⁰ was accomplished, and a restricted level of exercises and physiotherapy were recommended. The patient was followed monthly until the fifth month postoperatively, when radiographic bone consolidation and no lameness were observed. By the date of this submission, 3 years after the procedure, the owner has reported no complications. The double plating technique for fixing TPLO and modified CCWO proved to be effective for the treatment of CrCL deficiency in a large dog with an excessive TPA. RESUMO A osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial (TPLO) associada à ostectomia modificada em cunha de fechamento cranial da tíbia (CCWO) tem sido uma das melhores opções para tratamento de cães grandes com doença do ligamento cruzado cranial (DLCCr) e ângulo excessivo do platô tibial, mas o índice de complicações é alto. Acredita-se haver necessidade de fixação mais robusta para reduzir as chances de falha nos implantes. Um cão macho, seis anos, da raça American Pit Bull, 36kg, com histórico de claudicação em membro pélvico direito há 90 dias, foi diagnosticado com DLCCr. Devido ao ângulo excessivo do platô tibial (42⁰), a osteotomia de nivelamento do platô tibial foi associada à ostectomia modificada em cunha de fechamento cranial da tíbia (CCWO) por meio da técnica de placa dupla. No pós-operatório imediato, identificou-se TPA de 12⁰; exercícios controlados e fisioterapia foram recomendados e a evolução do quadro foi analisada mensalmente até o quinto mês pós-cirurgia. Com 150 dias de evolução, não houve alterações de locomoção e havia ocorrido completa consolidação radiográfica das osteotomias. Até o momento da submissão deste artigo, três anos pós-procedimento, o tutor relata ausência de complicações, via contato telefônico. Portanto, a técnica modificada mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da DLCCr.

The advent of the internet, and the technological innovations associated with it, have driven significant advances in surgical teaching and learning. The ease of access to information and the variety of online resources allow rapid sharing of surgical knowledge, promoting new teaching and learning patterns. Educational content from online platforms adds theoretical and practical knowledge to accelerate the learning curve and continuing education of surgeons. This study reviews how the advent of the Internet has influenced the teaching and dissemination of knowledge in veterinary surgery.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Respiratory depression from isoflurane seems to be greater in birds than in mammals. Isoflurane respiratory anesthetic index (AI) has only been evaluated in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), which indeed showed a lower AI compared to mammals, but the isoflurane AI for other avian species is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the isoflurane AI in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Six adult hens were anesthetized with isoflurane for determination of the minimum anesthetic concentration (MAC) using the bracketing method. During a second anesthetic event, the isoflurane AI was determined by progressively increasing the expired fraction of isoflurane by 0.5 times MAC until apnea was achieved (ETiso-apnea). The isoflurane AI was considered the ratio between the ETiso-apnea and the MAC. Heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and end-tidal carbon dioxide were continuously monitored throughout both anesthetic events. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effect model with Greenhouse-Geisser correction, followed by Tukey's test. The MAC for isoflurane was 1.18% +/- 0.09% (mean +/- SD). The ETiso-apnea was 3.31% +/- 0.34% and the isoflurane AI was 2.80 +/- 0.26. In chickens, isoflurane AI is similar to that measured in mammals, which is in contrast with published data in other avian species. Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Vet Clin & Surg, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castelane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Large Anim Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 1010 Wire Rd, Auburn, AL 36849 USA Ross Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Sch Vet Med, POB 334, Bassetere, St Kitts & Nevi Sao Paulo State Univ, Sch Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Vet Clin & Surg, Via Acesso Prof Paulo Donato Castelane S-N, BR-14884900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Interlockings nails (IN) are orthopedic implants with superior mechanical and, potentially, biological qualities. Despite the countless and indisputable advantages of current angle-stable models, there are still limitations for their use in certain scenarios. The objective of the present study was to describe and biomechanically test a new orthogonal angle-stable intramedullary nail model for veterinary use. The proposed orthogonal angle-stable nail has two 3.8-mm threaded cylindrical holes in each of its portions: in the proximal portion, the holes are 11 mm apart; in the distal portion, the penultimate orifice is positioned at 90 degrees in relation to the last one, with a distance of 5.5 mm between them. The novel orthogonal nail (Group 3 – G3) was evaluated and compared biomechanically with the conventional interlocking nail (Group 1 – G1) and the uniplanar angle-stable nail (Group 2 – G2) by means of destructive torsion and axial compression tests. No statistically significant differences were observed in torsion resistance between the groups in the destructive tests. However, statistical differences were found in stiffness values in the compression tests between the orthogonal (G3) and conventional interlocking (G1) nails (p=0.01) and also between the uniplanar (G2) and interlocking (G1) nails (p=0.001). The new orthogonal nail proved to be biomechanically similar to the uniplanar angle-stable model and superior to the conventional nail. This new arrangement of interlocking screws (orthogonal and closer to each other) potentially enables the fixation of small fragments and at the extremities of long bones in dogs. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are necessary to validate such hypotheses.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:04:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The term spinal dysraphism defines an incomplete fusion or a bone defect that affects the neural structures of the spinal cord due to a neural tube malformation. A 6-month-old, male, mixed-breed dog, was evaluated for paraparesis, pelvic limb proprioceptive ataxia, faecal and urinary incontinence. A neurological examination indicated an L4-S3 spinal cord segment lesion. A thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine magnetic resonance imaging was performed and a closed spinal dysraphism, with the presence of a lipomyelomeningocele, was detected. The magnetic resonance imaging showed an entire narrowing passage and a fibrous mass stemming from a wedge-shaped gap in the caudal region of the dorsal lamina of the L4 vertebra, leaving the spinal canal towards the skin surface in the region where the skin stigma was observed. A dorsal laminectomy was performed, the spinal cord was exposed, and the entire fibrous mass was excised. Three months postoperatively, the patient had a complete resolution of the urinary and faecal incontinence showing only a residual mild paraparesis, which remained six months after surgery. The surgical procedure resulted in the satisfactory recovery of the neurological signs. Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Dept Surg, Alegre, ES, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ Julio Mesquita Filho, Coll Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Surg & Anesthesiol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ Julio Mesquita Filho, Coll Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Reprod & Vet Radiol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ Julio Mesquita Filho, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Clin & Vet Surg, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ Julio Mesquita Filho, Coll Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Vet Surg & Anesthesiol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ Julio Mesquita Filho, Coll Vet & Anim Sci, Dept Anim Reprod & Vet Radiol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ Julio Mesquita Filho, Coll Agr & Vet Sci, Dept Clin & Vet Surg, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Bone trauma triggers an acute inflammatory response, which can alter the serum concentration of acute-phase proteins (PFA). We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PFA measurement as a laboratory biomarker for inflammation related to bone regeneration. A partial ostectomy of the right radius was performed on 22 young male rabbits. The complete blood count, albumin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, and transferrin levels were recorded and correlated with the radiographic evolution of bone healing. Statistically the best correlations with the inflammatory process and radiological findings were reported with haptoglobin and transferrin compared to the other measured PFAs. Haptoglobin and transferrin showed a maximum peak 24 and 36 hours after surgery, respectively. Transferrin displayed signs of decrease in the first 6 hours after surgery, in advance of the leukocyte response. The measurement of acute-phase proteins proved to be viable, considering the conditions in which the present study was carried out. Among all variables studied, haptoglobin and transferrin showed best correlation with the inflammatory process of bone healing. Additional studies are needed to determine the sensitivity of acute-phase proteins as predictors of complications in the treatment of fractures. RESUMO: Os traumas ósseos desencadeiam resposta inflamatória aguda e consequentemente alteram a concentração sérica das proteínas de fase aguda (PFA), podendo essas representarem um parâmetro para avaliação da evolução do processo inflamatório relacionado à cicatrização óssea, assim como complicações. Objetivou-se avaliar a inter-relação da mensuração de PFAs com a repação óssea em coelhos submetidos à ostectomia parcial do rádio. Foram utilizados 22 coelhos, machos, jovens (160 a 180 dias) e peso médio (3,8 ± 0,3). Para acompanhamento da evolução do processo inflamatório foram realizados hemograma completo e mensuração de albumina, ceruloplasmina, haptoglobina, proteína C reativa e transferrina, além do acompanhamento radiológico. Foi observado a melhor correlação da haptoglobina e da transferrina junto ao processo inflamatório e achados radiológicos frente às demais PFAs mensuradas. A haptoglobina apresentou pico máximo 24 horas do pós-operatório e a transferrina após 36 horas, entretanto, essa última já mostrou indícios de diminuição nas primeiras 6 horas do pós-cirúrgico, antecipadamente à resposta leucocitária. Nas condições em que o presente estudo foi realizado, a mensuração das proteínas de fase aguda mostrou-se factível. Das proteínas estudadas, a haptoglobina e transferrina foram as que mostraram maior correlação com o processo inflamatório da cicatrização óssea. Estudos adicionais são necessários para determinar a sensibilidade das proteínas de fase aguda como previsores de complicações do tratamento das fraturas.

This report described pathological fracture of the femoral head (physeal dysplasia) in four male cats (three mixed breed and one Bengal), with an average age of 16 months, treated by an ostectomy of the femoral head and neck. Three cats were neutered and one entire. All presented with mild intermittent lameness in the pelvic limbs. Displacement of the femoral epiphysis and resorption of the femoral neck were present and excision of the femoral head and remaining neck was performed in all cases. Hstological examination showed mild foci of compaction and trabecular fibrosis with deposition of fibrous connective tissue, permeated by granulation tissues, consistent with the original diagosis. Limb function improved in all patients from 2 to 4 weeks postoperatively. Diagnosis of physeal dysplasia is challenging and treatment is different from acute traumatic fractures. Femoral head and neck excision was considered a good alternative in these patients. RESUMO: Este trabalho descreve a fratura patológica da cabeça do femur (displasia fiseal) em quatro machos (três raças mistas e um Bengal), com idade média de 16 meses, que foram tratados com ostectomia da cabeça e colo femorais. Três gatos eram castrados e um inteiro. Todos apresentaram leve claudicação intermitente nos membros pélvicos. O deslocamento da epífise femoral e a reabsorção do colo femoral estavam presentes, a excisão da cabeça e colo femoral foi realizada em todos os casos. O exame histológico mostrou focos de compacteção e fibrose trabecular com deposição de tecido conjuntivo fibroso, permeado por tecidos de granulação, consistentes com o suposto diagnóstico. A função dos membros melhorou em todos os paciente entre dois a quatro semanas pós-operatório. O diagnóstico da displasia fiseal pe desafiador e o tratamento é diferente das fraturas traumáticas agudas. A excisão de cabeça e colo femoral é considerada uma boa alternativa nesses pacientes.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:21:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-14. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:28:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2021000100214.pdf: 859171 bytes, checksum: a9c8fafcb945dd30b1c402461c9c9993 (MD5) O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da mielografia lombar na pressão subaracnóidea, parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e índice pressão-volume em ovinos. Oito ovelhas foram avaliadas. Os animais foram submetidos à punção da cisterna magna para monitoramento da pressão subaracnoidea (SaP). A mielografia lombar foi realizada com a aplicação de Iohexol (0,4mL/kg). Os momentos estudados foram: imediatamente após a estabilização anestésica (M0), durante a punção lombar (M1), dois, quatro e seis minutos após a aplicação do contraste (M2, M3 e M4, respectivamente), para avaliar as seguintes variáveis: ToC, PAS, PAD, MAP, InspISO, FeISO, Sap e CPP. A pressão arterial aumentou inicialmente, depois diminuiu, retornando aos valores iniciais, padrão também observado para o InspISo e o FeISo. O SaP subiu inicialmente, posteriormente, permanecendo estável. A mielografia lombar, apesar de influenciar a pressão subaracnoidea, pode ser considerada segura em ovinos. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of lumbar myelography on subarachnoid pressure, cardiorespiratory parameters and pressure-volume index in sheep. Eight sheep were evaluated. The animals were submitted to puncture of the cisterna magna for monitoring of subarachnoid pressure (SaP). Lumbar myelography was performed through applying Iohexol (0.4mL/kg). ToC, PAS, PAD, MAP, InspISO, FeISO, SaP and CPP were recorded immediately after anesthetic stabilization (M0), during lumbar puncture (M1), and two, four and six minutes after contrast application (M2, M3 and M4, respectively). Blood pressure initially increased, then decreased, returning to basal level, similarly observed for InspISo and FeISo. The SaP rose initially thereafter remaining stable. Despite of the effect on subarachnoid pressure, lumbar myelography can be considered safe in sheep. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: Many variations of ovariohysterectomy techniques have been described, including the traditional one and minimally invasive procedures. Non-laparoscopic Snook hook technique is an alternative for performing minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy. Few studies have been carried out in order to assess pain in animals submitted to minimally invasive surgeries, especially involving one of the most performed surgical procedures in veterinary practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate surgical duration, intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain after traditional ovariohysterectomy or minimally invasive non-laparoscopic technique in dogs using Snook hook. The hypothesis is that non-laparoscopic minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy would be faster and less painful than the conventional technique. Material, Methods & Results: Thirty dogs were divided into Traditional Group (TG = 15) and Minimally Invasive Group (MIG = 15). Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETCO2) and end-tidal isoflurane concentration were evaluated before the surgery begins (M0), during incision (M1), clamping of the first ovarian pedicle (M2), second ovarian pedicle (M3), uterine cervix (M4), abdominal suture (M5) and at the end of surgery (M6). The modified Glasgow Pain Scale was used for acute postoperative pain assessment and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess the sensitivity of surgical wound. The level of significance established for all statistical analysis was 5%. Statistical differences were not observed between groups considering total surgical time and postoperative acute pain intensity (P > 0.05), in spite of MIG having shorter duration of surgery. There was no statistical difference between groups considering all intraoperative parameters except respiratory rate (TG < MIG; P < 0.05) and ETCO2 (MIG < TG; P < 0.05) at the moment of traction of the first ovarian pedicle (M2). Pain assessment by VAS showed statistical difference 24h after the end of surgery (TG < MIG) (P < 0.05). Discussion: Both procedures were similar regarding intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain. It is possible that the sensation of pain in both procedures was blocked by the effectiveness of analgesics, once they might cause an inhibition of painful behaviors limiting a possible difference in pain identification. Higher respiratory stress observed in MIG at M2 and higher pain score by VAS noted in MIG 24 h after the end of surgery can be justified by greater traction of ovarian pedicle, due to limited surgical access of minimally invasive technique. Minimally invasive ovariohysterectomy non-laparoscopic seems to be potentially faster, probably due to the smaller size of the abdominal incision, which takes less time to be closed. In the present study, both techniques were performed by an experienced surgeon, providing safe procedures, nevertheless it is important to emphasize that iatrogenic injury can be caused by surgeons non-proficient in the Snook hook technique, considering the limited visualization of anatomical abdominal structures. Data obtained indicate that traditional ovariohysterectomy and non-laparoscopic Snook hook technique promote similar intraoperative nociception and acute postoperative pain, however minimally invasive procedure is potentially faster with less surgical trauma. Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T09:00:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The paca (Cuniculus paca, Linnaeus 1766) is a rodent species, typical of tropical regions. It is important that in addition to its commercial value as a protein source, it can be used as a scientific scope. The objective of this study was to describe the morphology of the thigh and the arm of the paca by anatomical and imaging methodology with radiography (X-ray), computed tomography (CAT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the surgical approach of the bones of these regions. It was concluded that the imaging study through X-ray, CAT scan and MRI are reliable methods for anatomical description of wild animals that have little known about their morphology. Finally, similarly to dogs, it was determined that lateral access is the best approach to the femoral diaphysis and the medial access is the best approach to the humerus diaphysis of the paca. Department of Veterinary Medicine Centro Universitário Ingá Department of Surgery Universidade de São Paulo Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Veterinary Clinical and Surgery Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Veterinary Clinical and Surgery Universidade Estadual Paulista

The fixation of fractures in wild animals has been a great challenge for veterinarians, because they will inevitably face a unique anatomical characteristic with scarce studies or reports published. Fracture fixation should promote adequate stability and early return to limb function, taking into account biomechanical characteristics of the bones, body weight, and natural habits of wildlife. Three bone fractures from two giant anteaters (

Respiratory depression from isoflurane seems to be greater in birds than in mammals. Isoflurane respiratory anesthetic index (AI) has only been evaluated in ducks (

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:47:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:36:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352020000501646.pdf: 369061 bytes, checksum: de36b1070ec914cf2c5299a153a923a1 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The objective was to establish the reference standards for elastography of the main structures of the canine stifle joint. The medial meniscus, patellar and cruciate ligaments of thirty healthy beagles was evaluated by B-mode and ARFI elastography (n=60 joints). Analysis detected a positive correlation of the shear wave velocity (SWV) of structures according to age. Patellar ligament presented a gradual stiffness increase in relation to age, while medial meniscus and cruciate ligament were more rigid in puppies than in adults. However, greater stiffness of these structures was observed in elderly animals. Elasticity of each structure was evaluated according to gender and reproductive status. Females presented greater stiffness of all structures, with SWV differing 0.3 and 0.36m/s between genders. Only the medial meniscus was not stiffer in neutered animals when compared to intact animals, differing only 0.02m/s in menisci and 0.4 to 0.47m/s in ligaments between groups. These findings corroborate with literature data that states a higher prevalence of ligament insufficiency in elderly dogs, females and neutered animals. It was concluded that ARFI elastography of the canine stifle joint is feasible and its application can be potentially effective in early diagnosis of ligament and meniscal changes. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Vales Jequitinhonha & Mucuri, Teofilo Otoni, MG, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Engn Alimentos & Zootecnia, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2017/14957-6 CNPq: 309199/2017-4

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:19:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:07:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-86502020000700202.pdf: 1271415 bytes, checksum: c144bd441961978a16a10b65dc792425 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Purpose: To analyze the anesthetic drugs interference with wound healing when used in the surgical bed. Methods: Macro and microscopic aspects of healing of surgical wounds were evaluated after instillation of topical anesthetics without vasoconstrictor or saline solution 0.9% as control in the transsurgical period. Thirty dogs, males and females were divided into two experimental groups. In both groups, two circular punch lesions of 6 mm diameter were performed in the abdomen. In group 1, lidocaine was instilled in one of the lesions and saline solution in the contralateral lesion. In group 2 the procedure was repeated with the use of bupivacaine. The macroscopic assessment of the lesions was performed on the first, third and tenth postoperative day. The excisional biopsy was performed on the tenth day and the samples were submitted for histopathological examination. Results: The macroscopic analysis had a significant difference between groups. Microscopic analysis was not significant between groups. Conclusions: The topical application of lidocaine and bupivacaine in the surgical wound is feasible and it does not influence skin healing. The benefit of such a practice, which has been the subject of other studies, seems to outweigh the risks. Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV-UNESP) FCAV-UNESP União das Faculdades dos Grandes Lagos (UNILAGO) Department of Clinical and Veterinary Surgery Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV-UNESP) FCAV-UNESP FAPESP: 2015/24955-5

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:49:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: The prophylactic use of antimicrobials in patients undergoing surgery is widely performed due to its power to reduce and control infections in the surgical site. Metronidazole, ceftriaxone and enrofloxacin are drugs widely used in veterinary medicine, even during anesthesia, either in healthy patients or under critical conditions. Despite several reports on hemodynamic reactions after intravenous application of antimicrobials in dogs, there are few studies on these effects in dogs undergoing anesthesia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory effects of metronidazole, ceftriaxone and enrofloxacin in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Materials, Methods & Results: Forty healthy bitches were used, equally divided into four experimental groups of 10 animals each: placebo group (PG), metronidazole group (MG), ceftriaxone group (CG) and enrofloxacin group (EG). After the experimental phase of data collection, all animals were submitted to ovariohysterectomy using the minimally invasive approach. A catheter was placed in the dorsal metatarsal artery for direct blood pressure monitoring, with systolic (SBP), mean (MBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were continuously monitored by means of a transducer connected to a multiparametric monitor. The others measured data were heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (T°C), carbon dioxide expired fraction (ETCO2), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2) in T0 (time immediately before performing the treatment), 5 (T5), 10 (T10), 15 (T15), 20 (T20) and 30 (T30) minutes after administration of the antimicrobial. Anesthetic induction was performed with propofol and anesthetic maintenance was performed with isoflurane. After reaching anesthesia with a surgical plan, all parameters were measured before treatments were performed (T0). Then the sodium chloride solution (0.9% NaCl), 25 mg/kg of metronidazole, 30 mg/kg of ceftriaxone or 5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin was administered in cefalic vein. No complications were observed during anesthesia and surgery in all groups. The animals were monitored for three h after the end of the surgery, and then dispensed without prescription of antimicrobials in the recovery period. The HR showed a significant reduction in T5 and T30 compared to the baseline in EG. The RR had a significant increase in T30 in relation to T0 after the administration of 0.9% NaCl in PG. There were no statistically significant changes in HR for groups PG, MG and CG, and RR for groups EG, MG and CG. SBP and MBP had a significant decrease after 30 min of ceftriaxone application. There was a significant decrease in MBP at T5, T10 and T15 compared to baseline in EG. No changes in blood pressure were detected in PG and MG. The ToC showed a significant reduction from T10 to T30 in the GP, from T5 to T30 in the SG, in the T30 in the GM from T20 to T30 in the GC. For all groups, there were no changes in SpO2, ETCO2 and PAD during the study. Discussion: It was concluded that all studied antimicrobials can be used in prophylactic therapy in dogs, in doses recommended by the literature, as the observed changes are subject to correction and can be easily controlled by a qualified anesthetist. The antimicrobial that did not show cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic changes after intravenous application in bitches anesthetized with isoflurane was metronidazole, so its administration was considered safer when compared to enrofloxacin and ceftriaxone, under the conditions of this study, however its indication is punctual, being restricted to cases of infections by anaerobic agents. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Jaboticabal M.V. Autônoma Instituto de Ciências Agrárias Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) Campus Unaí Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Campus de Jaboticabal

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:16:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The goal of this study was to describe and compare B mode and elastographic characteristics of the pectineus muscle of healthy dogs with dysplastic dogs. Thirty-one dogs (62 limbs) with hip dysplasia and 17 nondysplastic dogs (34 limbs) were evaluated. The hip dysplasia score was defined according to the Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Using B mode, echotexture and echogenicity of different regions of the pectineus muscle were evaluated. By means of ARFI elastography, qualitative (elastogram) and quantitative (shear wave velocity) tissue stiffness was assessed. B mode findings demonstrated a hyperechoic and heterogeneous pattern of the pectineus tissue in dogs with hip dysplasia, with compromised muscular delimitation and loss of its normal sonographic appearance, indicating the disease (P < 0.001). In the elastogram, it was observed that dogs with hip dysplasia showed less deformable pectineus muscle, with red colors (rigid). In quantitative evaluation, the different regions evaluated presented similar shear wave velocities; in dysplastic patients, shear wave velocities were higher compared to nondysplastic animals, with values higher than 2.85 m/s being strong indicators of the disease. Values of shear wave velocity were also influenced by the grade of dysplasia and age of the patients; however, there was no correlation with the depth of the evaluated area or body weight. It was concluded that pectineus muscle in dogs with hip dysplasia presents B mode and elastographic changes when compared to normal animals, demonstrating that these techniques might aid the evaluation of diseased dogs. UNIS Group University Center of Minas South Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of Vale do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) FAPESP: 2012/6635-2 FAPESP: 2013/23778-7

RESUMO Foi atendida, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Cuiabá, uma coruja suindara (Tyto furcata), resgatada pela Polícia Militar Ambiental, sem histórico, adulta e 400 gramas de peso corporal. A ave apresentava impotência funcional do membro pélvico direito, além de desvio, crepitação e dor na região proximal tibiotársica direita, sem lesão cutânea. Estudo radiográfico revelou fratura diafisária oblíqua curta em tibiotarso direito. A estabilização da fratura foi realizada com placa bloqueada do sistema de 1,5mm, na função de apoio, seis orifícios, com três parafusos monocorticais distais, dois parafusos monocorticais proximais e um parafuso bicortical proximal. Ao 30º dia do pós-operatório, os achados radiográficos de consolidação óssea e o retorno da função do membro permitiram a alta médica. Concluiu-se que o uso de placa bloqueada em função apoio para estabilização de fraturas tibiotársicas simples de coruja suindara oferece resultados satisfatórios.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 A 5-month-old male Rottweiler dog presented with an acute upper motor neuron tetraparesis. A computed tomography study of the cervical spine revealed amorphous mineralization of the soft tissues dorsal to the articular surface of the occipital bone and atlas. The calcification extended into the vertebral canal, causing significant dorsal compression of the spinal cord. Suboccipital craniectomy and partial dorsal atlas laminectomy were performed to remove the extradural calcification. Histopathology was compatible with tumoral calcinosis. Significant clinical improvement was noted in the immediate postoperative period, and there was complete recovery with no recurrence at the last clinical follow-up 15 months postoperatively. Suboccipital craniectomy and partial dorsal atlas laminectomy allowed successful surgical resection of a dorsal craniooccipital tumoral calcinosis in this dog. The decompression resulted in resolution of clinical signs and recurrence is unlikely since there is no underlying disease. Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery Sao Paulo State University (Unesp) Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery Sao Paulo State University (Unesp)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:35:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-09352018000601703.pdf: 670054 bytes, checksum: d86edb4dadd991a7ed4b4d7cf797b281 (MD5) Múltiplas fraturas da pelve podem gerar angústia pélvica. A hemipelvectomia, caracterizada pela remoção de fragmentos ósseos da pelve, é considerada terapia de salvamento. O presente relato descreve a técnica de hemipelvectomia interna parcial em quatro casos de obstipação por angústia pélvica traumática em cães, com resultados alvissareiros. Todos os pacientes apresentavam tenesmo e retenção fecal. Após a realização do procedimento, os pacientes apresentaram normoquesia imediata e apoio do membro ipsilateral ao procedimento após 10 a 20 dias, mostrando a exequibilidade da técnica em animais leves, uma vez que houve melhora clínica sem alterações na deambulação. Multiple pelvic fractures can lead to narrowing of the pelvic canal and loss of life quality. Hemipelvectomy, characterized by removal of bone fragments from the pelvis, is considered a rescue therapy. This report describes the technique of caudal partial hemipelvectomy in four cases of obstipation secondary to traumatic pelvic canal narrowing in four dogs, with promising results. All patients had tenesmus and fecal retention. After the procedure, the patients presented immediate normochezia and support of the ipsilateral limb after 10 to 20 days, showing the feasibility of the technique in small animals, providing clinical improvement without walking alterations. Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Julio de Mesquita Filho' UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Julio de Mesquita Filho' UNESP

Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences State University Julio de Mesquita Filho/UNESP

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCrLR) is a common condition found in the small animal routine, being correlated to traumas, obesity, genetic factors, and primary osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. Affected animals show articular instability that, if not corrected surgically, may cause secondary OA and loss of limb function. The aim of this study was to compare short-term results of the intra-articular technique for knee stabilization after CCrLR using a surgical button associated with polyester yarn (Group A), the surgical button associated with nylon yarn (Group B), and surgical toggle associated with polyester yarn (Group C). Eighteen dogs presenting CCrLR, weight varying from 5 to 35 kg, and different sex and breed were divided into three groups of six individuals. OA radiographic grade, pre- and post-operative lameness, surgical time, and the macroscopic aspect of cartilage were assessed. The intra-articular technique was performed by passing a suture through two tunnels, drilled in the femoral condyle and tibial crest to stabilize the knee joint. Twelve animals presented a decreased lameness and normal limb function after 15 days. On the other hand, four dogs from Group B presented complications: two dogs had suture rupture after 30 days and other two showed muscular contracture with decreased range of motion, followed by loss of limb function. In Group A, one dog showed suture rupture after 15 days and other had suture infection after 30 days. In Group C, dogs recovered normal limb function without complications. Therefore, surgical toggle associated with polyester yarn was better than the other studied materials. A Ruptura do Ligamento Cruzado Cranial (RLCCr) é uma afecção comumente vista na clínica de pequenos animais e, nos cães, pode ser decorrente de traumas, obesidade, fatores genéticos e osteoartrite (OA) primária. Todos os casos apresentam instabilidade articular e quando não tratados podem evoluir para OA secundária e perda funcional do membro. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar os resultados, a curto prazo, da técnica intra-articular utilizando o botão cirúrgico associado ao fio de poliéster 5 (Grupo A), botão cirúrgico associado ao fio de náilon 5 (Grupo B), e grampo cirúrgico associado ao fio de poliéster 5 (Grupo C), para a estabilização da articulação do joelho após a RLCCr. Foram utilizados 18 cães com RLCCr, com peso variando entre 5 e 35 kg, com raça e sexo aleatórios. Os cães foram aleatoriamente divididos em três grupos de 6 indivíduos. Foram avaliados o grau de OA radiográfico, grau de claudicação pré e pós-operatório, o tempo cirúrgico e o aspecto macroscópico da cartilagem. Foi realizada a técnica cirúrgica intra-articular, utilizando-se fio para estabilização através de dois túneis cirúrgicos, um no côndilo lateral do fêmur e outro na crista da tíbia. Doze animais evoluíram de forma favorável, recuperando o apoio normal do membro após 15 dias da cirurgia. Quatro animais do grupo B apresentaram complicações sendo duas rupturas do fio após 30 dias de cirurgia e outros dois animais que apresentaram contratura muscular, com diminuição da amplitude de movimento seguida de perda funcional do membro, necessitando de novo procedimento cirúrgico. No grupo A observou-se a ruptura do fio após 15 dias da cirurgia em um animal e infecção do fio após 30 dias de pós-operatório em outro cão. Já os animais do grupo C não apresentaram nenhuma complicação pós-cirúrgica. Assim, podemos concluir que os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o fio de poliéster associado ao grampo cirúrgico.

Pelvic fractures correspond to 20 to 30 % of the fractures observed in dogs. Complete fractures, especially with bone axis deviation should be surgically treated. The mechanical study of surgical techniques is of utmost importance to assess the best way of treating these injuries. This study compared, biomechanically, the use of a dynamic compression plate (DCP) and screws (group 1) or screws and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (group 2) to stabilize an iliac fracture using a static test. Sixteen canine synthetic hemi-pelvises (test specimens) with a transverse iliac osteotomy were used. After fixation with implants, a load was applied to the acetabulum until failure. Group 1 maximal compressive load was 133.9±18.60 N, displacement at yield 21.10±3.59mm and stiffness 125.22±12.25N/mm. Group 2 maximal compressive load was 183.50±27.38N, displacement at yield 16.66±5.42mm and stiffness 215.68±33.34N/mm. The stabilization with polymethylmethacrylate was stronger than dynamic compression plate since it resisted a greater load in all test specimens. RESUMO As fraturas da pelve são frequentes em cães, correspondendo a 20-30% das fraturas encontradas na espécie. A grande maioria delas é tratada cirurgicamente, principalmente aquelas que apresentam desvio ósseo. O estudo mecânico das técnicas cirúrgicas é de extrema importância para avaliação da melhor maneira de tratamento destas lesões. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar, do ponto de vista biomecânico, a fixação das fraturas do ílio utilizando uma placa de compressão dinâmica ou parafusos associados ao polimetilmetacrilato, por meio de um teste estático. Foram utilizadas 16 hemipelves caninas de origem sintética, nas quais uma osteotomia transversa foi realizada no corpo do ílio. As fixações foram divididas em dois grupos: fixação com placa de compressão dinâmica e parafusos (grupo1) ou parafusos associados ao polimetilmetacrilato (grupo 2). Posteriormente à fixação dos implantes foi aplicada uma carga no acetábulo de cada corpo de prova até a falha. O grupo 2 apresentou força máxima de aplicação de carga a média de 133.9±18.60N, deflexão 21.10±3.59mm e rigidez 125.22±12.25N/mm. O grupo 2 apresentou força máxima de aplicação de carga a média de 183.50±27.38N, deflexão 16.66±5.42mm e rigidez 215.68±33.34N/mm. A estabilização com o polimetilmetacrilato mostrou ser mais resistente, pois resistiu a uma maior quantidade de carga em relação à placa de compressão dinâmica, em todos os corpos de prova.

The purpose of this study was to describe a pantarsal arthrodesis using a medial locking plate in an overweight dog. A 5-year-old, 28 kg, female dachshund presented with a left plantigraded hindlimb with calcaneous osteolytic injury and bone exposure. First, the patient was treated for the skin wound and started on a weight-loss program. A customized locking plate was used in the pantarsal arthrodesis. A normal hindlimb position and gait were observed after 27 days, and bone fusion was achieved at 60 days postoperatively. Implant removal was performed at 120 days, and the patient was discharged. The dog was kept on weight-loss therapy until it achieved a body weight of 11 kg. The customized bone implant used for pantarsal arthrodesis proved feasible and effective in treating an obese dog with low bone density.

Physiotherapy in veterinary medicine can be used to strengthen specific muscle groups, which is particularly interesting in the conservative treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral head. OCD is endochondral ossification disorder and is characterized by an injury to the joint cartilage. There are conservative and surgical treatments for the disease that aim to restore limb functionality and relieve pain. Building the musculature through physical rehabilitation strengthens the periarticular muscles and decreases the progression of osteoarthrosis, reducing clinical symptoms. Some of the main physical activities used in the treatment of dogs with OCD of the humeral head include active and passive movements, hydrotherapy, massage and cryotherapy.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:42:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-08-05 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a lyophilized and gamma-sterilized allogeneic freeze-dried bone wedge as a spacer for advancement of a modified tibial tuberosity (mTTA) in 16 knees that were clinically diagnosed with cranial cruciate ligament disease. Patients underwent radiography before the surgical procedure as well as immediately after surgery and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days post-surgery, and their locomotion was evaluated at the same time points except for the immediate postoperative period. The surgical wounds were evaluated for signs of infection and rejection of the bone implant. Locomotion was graded on a scale of 0-5, with 0 indicating no limping and 5 indicating limb functional impotence. The tibial-tibial bone-tibial implant interfaces were evaluated radiographically, and each interface was assigned scores of 0-3, with 0 indicating no contact between the implant and adjacent bone and 3 indicating a bone bridge throughout the interface. The patients showed good clinical and radiographic recovery. The lyophilized bone spacer allowed for easy storage and transport and rapid and satisfactory execution of mTTA while showing resistance to drilling and fixation with screws in 87.5% of cases and a mean surgical time of 45.9 minutes. No immunogenic reactions were observed in 93.7% of the cases. One patient presented infection of the surgical focus, which showed remission after antimicrobial therapy. All patients showed functional recovery of the operated limb, with the number of clinically healthy patients being higher than those with claudication at 120 days (p

Objectives The aim of this article was to analyse and compare internal stress generated at different points of a femoral photoelastic model after insertion and axial load application using two different cementless femoral stems for total hip arthroplasty in dogs: a collared stem combined with limited textured surface and absence of grooves and a collarless stem with fully textured surface and grooves. Methods Ten femoral photoelastic models, divided into two groups, were created using two different designs of cementless femoral stems. The models were submitted to axial loading on the femoral head in a universal test machine. The internal stress (kPa) around the femoral stems was evaluated at seven predetermined points using a transmission polariscope. Results The internal stress at the femoral calcar was larger in the models with collared stem combined with limited textured surface and absence of grooves (p 0.05), corresponding to the tip of the stems and proximal lateral region of the femur. Conclusions The collar of femoral stem combined with the absence of grooves and more limited textured surface increase the axial load transmission to the femoral calcar, and in vivo, it may act to reduce complications, such as subsidence and stress shielding. However, other biomechanical tests and clinical evaluations must be performed to determine other important aspects for the implantation of these prostheses.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:37:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-01 Rabbits are widely used in studies focusing on pain. However, pain is undertreated in this species and one possible factor to explain this is the lack of evaluation methods. The objective of this study was to identify behaviours related to orthopaedic pain in rabbits and to evaluate the influence of the presence of an observer on these behaviours. Twenty-eight rabbits undergoing orthopaedic surgery and filmed 24 hours before surgery, and 1 hour (before rescue analgesia), 4 hours (3 hours after rescue analgesia), and 24 hours post-recovery were observed in the presence and absence of an observer. The frequency and/or duration of behaviours were compared over time and between the presence and absence of the observer using the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests respectively. Data are expressed as median and interquartile range and a significant difference was considered when p

Na atualidade, a pesquisa envolvendo celulas-tronco mesenquimais destaca-se na busca de avancos na reparacao da cartilagem articular. Objetivou-se, no presente estudo, comparar a regeneracao cartilaginosa da articulacao coxofemoral de coelhos, com e sem o transplante de celulas-tronco mesenquimais autologas, por meio de exames radiograficos e histopatologicos. Dois grupos, com 15 animais da especie leporina cada, foram submetidos a inducao quimica de osteoartrite com solucao de colagenase 2% na articulacao coxofemoral direita. No Grupo 1 (Celulas-tronco) realizou-se a aplicacao intra-articular de celulas-tronco mesenquimais autologas. Ja o Grupo 2 (Controle) foi constituido por animais submetidos a aplicacao intra-articular de solucao salina esteril. Foram realizadas avaliacoes radiograficas e histopatologicas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias apos a aplicacao. Os resultados histologicos indicam que celulas-tronco mesenquimais (Grupo 1) melhoraram discretamente a qualidade do tecido de reparo, de acordo com os criterios da escala semi-quantitativa ICRS 1 (“International Cartilage Repair Society”). O Grupo 1 (Celulas-Tronco) demonstrou superioridade em relacao ao Grupo 2 nos parâmetros: Superficie articular, matriz extracelular e distribuicao celular, demonstrando que as celulas-tronco foram beneficas no tratamento da osteoartrite.

This study aimed to characterize a preclinical model of critical size defect (CSD) in the radius of rabbits.Twenty adults (> 7 months), female, New Zealand Rabbits, weighing between 3,5 to 5 Kg were used. They underwent a 1.5 cm long ostectomy of the diaphysis of the radius, starting 2 cm from the carpus joint. Radiographic analyses were performed at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days postoperatively, in order to evaluated bone callus formation, periosteal reaction, and bone bridge formation.The methodology allowed to precisely create bone defects of 1.5cm. Over time, no bone deposition was found at 15 days, but mild bone callus formation was observed in three animals after 60 days postoperative. At 90 days postoperatively only one rabbit presented bone consolidation radiographically, the others presented non-union. The critical bone defect proposed in this study was satisfactory, feasible with very low risk of complications.

A prótese total da articulação coxofemoral consiste na substituição completa da articulação por componentes protéticos acetabular e femoral. Esse procedimento representa uma das técnicas mais eficientes para o tratamento cirúrgico da displasia coxofemoral severa em cães. No presente relato foi experimentalmente aplicada uma prótese total da articulação coxofemoral de fabricação nacional em dois cães. Foi utilizada uma prótese com o sistema modular, ou seja, componente femoral provido de um sistema de cambiamento da cabeça femoral, com o objetivo de estabelecer a sua aplicabilidade, vantagens e avaliar a evolução pós-operatória. A prótese total modular da articulação coxofemoral foi aplicada em dois animais, da espécie canina ( Canis familiaris), sadios, sem raça definida, e sem alterações ao aparelho locomotor. O procedimento foi realizado sem complicações e o resultado foi satisfatório em a mbos os animais. A prótese total da articulação coxofemoral utilizando o sistema modular pode ser aplicada com sucesso em cães, desde que se tenha conhecimento prévio da técnica de aplicação, treinamento, e material específico. A principal vantagem da aplicação do sistema modular é a flexibilidade fornecida por este sistema, o qual permite escolher entre diferentes tamanhos de cabeça e comprimentos do colo femoral.

A osteoartrite (OA) é uma afecção crônica e potencialmente debilitante, caracterizada por alterações degenerativas das articulações. Ela apresenta alta relevância clínica tanto em humanos quanto animais domésticos, em nível mundial. A OA da articulação do joelho esta intimamente relacionada à doença do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães e gatos, afecção prevalente especialmente em cães de porte grande. O manejo terapêutico da OA é marcantemente desafiador, uma vez que a cura completa não pode ser alcançada. Da mesma forma, os procedimentos cirúrgicos são limitados e, muitas vezes, o manejo clínico torna-se a única forma de controlar a sintomatologia ou minimizar a progressão das alterações patológicas. A abordagem multimodal parecer ser a forma mais efetiva de tratamento, envolvendo diversas modalidades de controle dos sinais clínicos e de estabilização indireta da articulação.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:52:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Background: Bone tumors have a challenging diagnosis and treatment. Osteosarcoma is the name given to a heterogeneous group of malignant, agressive and invasive tumors that often determine bone lysis. Almost all of the animals develop lung metastases, progressing to death. Usually affect the appendicular skeleton, but can also occurs in others areas, although these presentations are rare. Prognosis is always poor. The aim of this paper is to report a case of a dog with osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the sternum, which was diagnosed by computed tomography and histopathologic analysis after excisional biopsy. Case: A male Cocker Spaniel dog, weighing 25 kg, elderly, was examined at the Veterinary Hospital. As main complaint was reported soft swelling on the ventral cervical region causing dyspnea. The patient had previously been medicated with dexamethasone with a significant decrease in the swelling, however recurrence was observed with the cessation of the treatment. Due to the presence of heart murmur, patient underwent to chest radiography and eletrocardiography. Images showed a tumor in the sternal lymph node region, displacing the heart caudally, trachea and esophagus dorsally, causing cranial edema due to a compression of the venous return by the cranial vena cava and subsequent dyspnea. Furosemide (Lasix®) was administered during ambulatorial treatment and prescribed to home, with satisfactory results, with decreased edema and consequent improvement of respiratory symptoms. It was decided to perform computed tomography to better design of the chest structure. The structure located in cranial thoracic region measured about 10.5 cm long x 5.8 cm high x 8.4 cm wide. The patient was undergone to sternotomy to remove the mass that was closely adhered to the sternum and pericardium. The pericardectomy and sternum removal were not performed due to animal being old and present metabolic and cardiopulmonary conditions. Some samples were collected for histological examination resulting in osteoblastic osteosarcoma. After surgical treatment, the patient showed improvement of dyspnea, more active and no signs of pain at the surgical site. Due to the unfavorable result of the histopathological analysis, it was decided to star chemotherapy. The protocol chosen was carboplatin (Carboplatino®) as a single drug, every 21 days totalizing four applications as recommended by literature. Two cycles of carboplatin were done as adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient supported the treatment very well without any clinical or laboratory abnormality. Any radiographic signs of pulmonary metastasis or local recurrence was seen, however, after 18 months of survival, the patient died of non-related cause. Discussion: Osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed bone tumor in dogs. Intense dyspnea and the swelling in the submandibular region was due to the compression of thoracic structures by the size of the tumor and the internal location within the chest. The cranial swelling is due to the syndrome caval that is rare in veterinary medicine and is describe in some specific conditions. Computed tomography was performed to better tumor delineation, as it is an important tool to assess the extent of the tumor and other characteristics, allowing optimal surgical planning for each case. Histophatological diagnosis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma is characterized by new bone formation that appears radiographically with increased radiopacity, as observed in all images. Gold standard treatment of neoplasms is the association of surgical excision followed by chemotherapy, which was effective in this case reported, since it provided quality of life during 18 months, three times higher than the majority of cases reported in the literature, being death due to causes unrelated to the tumor. Programa de Cirurgia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Hospital Veterinário Laboratório de Ortopedia e Neurocirurgia FCAV, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) UNESP Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) UNESP Programa de Cirurgia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Hospital Veterinário Laboratório de Ortopedia e Neurocirurgia FCAV, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Cirurgia e Anestesiologia Veterinária Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) UNESP Departamento de Reprodução Animal e Radiologia Veterinária Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ) UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:11:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Background: Interlocking Nail (ILN) is similar a solid intramedullary pins with screws or bolts passing through one and nail holes (locking effect). This implant mostly have been putted normograde, passing by trochanteric fossa of femur, although it is reported to be inserted through the knee, passing by fracture focus and ending close to proximal femur. It is carried out especially when there is a comminuted fracture in distal third shaft of femur. Locking plate systems work as internal fixators with some advantages compared to conventional plates. It can be used combined with intramedullary pin, and is an effective technique for increase stifeness stabilization of comminuted long-bone fractures, especially for bending. Some studies reported the use of plate-nail to increase even more the stiffness of implants, because of locking screw in plate and nail. Based on the same propose, we aim to report a case of an ILNs normograde (from distal to proximal) connected to a locking plate in highly comminuted distal diaphyseal fracture since it is rarely report in veterinary medicine orthopaedics. Case: A 5-year-old male mixed breed dog was assessed and diagnosed a fracture of the femur in the right pelvic limb. On physical examination, the dog had nonweight bearing lameness in the affected limb and, mobility of the fragments was noted following digital pressure. A comminuted fracture of the distal diaphysis of the femur was identified. A lateral approach to the shaft of the femur, the incision was extended to the stifle joint through a lateral incision because the fracture seemed to extend throughout the physis. Open but do not touch approach was performed and reduction was gotten without modified environment of fracture hematoma. A surgical drill was inserted through the access in distal extremity of the bone to open the medullary cavity of the femur. After that, an interlocking nail was inserted into the opening into the distal fragment, the fracture was reduced and the nail was inserted towards the proximal end of the bone. At the next stage the nail was fitted into the medullary canal and it was locked relative to the main fragments of the femur using locking head screws that were anchored in the load carrier of the plate. Postoperative radiographic views documented appropriate implants location and satisfactory femur fracture alignment. At 3 weeks, the patient showed functional use of the limb with partial weight bearing. Discussion: A biomechanical study comparing plate-rod and plate-nail system in gap fractures, showed that maximum load was significant different between the groups, and in plate-nail it was always heavier, it occurs because of the nail bigger diameter and screws pass through nail holes. What prove that this system is stiffer than plate-rod, so because this patient has osteopenia and thin cortical bone like showed previously, we preferred to use nail than intramedullary pin. The ILN could be introduced from proximal to distal femur (antegrade or normograde) and passing through the knee (called in medicine by retrograde, although in veterinary medicine this way is called normograte too), it depends on bone conformation. Several studies used normograde via in femur from distal to proximal, especially in distal fracture. In this case, it was used this via, by the knee, because it would promote better bone stock to insert the screws, since the nail was putted as close as possible from articular surface. In conclusion, the case reported here documented that the combination of a normograde (from distal to proximal) interlock nail with a locking plate provides a rigid fixation method, promoting satisfactory functional recovery time. Further investigations should be performed using plate-nail in vivo to give to us more precise data. College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” FCAV/UNESP, Via de acesso Paulo Donatto Castellani s/n. Metropolitan Union for Education and Culture (Unime) College of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine São Paulo State University “Julio de Mesquita Filho” FCAV/UNESP, Via de acesso Paulo Donatto Castellani s/n.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Background: In domestic rabbits, fractures are usually the result of household accidents. Fractures of the distal femoral physis are frequently observed in animals with immature skeletons and may cause future orthopedic problems. With this type of fracture, early reduction and stabilization are necessary to prevent additional damage to the physis and to preserve the growth potential of the bone. This report aims to describe the clinical and radiographic findings, as well as the surgical method used that combined Rush pins with an intramedullary pin, associated with a Salter Harris type I fracture of the right distal femur in a rabbit. Case: A 4-month male domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) weighing 1.2 kg, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital with a right pelvic limb lameness after an episode of trauma. Orthopedic examination revealed swelling, instability, crepitation, and increased pain sensitivity in the distal aspect of the right femur. Following physical and radiographic examination, a Salter Harris type I fracture of the right distal femur was diagnosed. The patient was premedicated with a combination of xylazine (2 mg/kg IM) and ketamine (10 mg/kg IM), which allowed placement of an IV catheter for the administration of fluids and intubation using an endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 2 mm. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane, and an epidural was performed with a combination of lidocaine (2 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (0.75 mg/kg). Osteosynthesis was performed with two Rush pins and an intramedullary pin. Radiographic examination 110 and 330 days after the surgical procedure showed good alignment of the bone and adequate healing of the fracture. The combination of techniques used in this case report proved to be effective, resulting in functional recovery of the limb and rapid bone healing. Discussion: Preoperative planning for orthopedic surgery in rabbits is different from that of dogs and cats, due to the particularities of the species. Familiarity with the regional anatomy, patient preparation, and appropriate instrumentation are necessary when contemplating osteosynthesis in a rabbit. Salter Harris fractures affect young animals, where the physis is considered an area of fragility in the bone. Surgical planning should take into account the function of the growth plates. It is recommended that implants passing through the physis do so perpendicularly, since angulation greater than 45 degrees may predispose the bone to premature closure of the growth plate. Another important consideration involves the choice of implants, since the use of trocar-tipped pins facilitates their precise placement in the bone. The use of threaded pins should be avoided due to their weakness at the thread-shaft interface, and the risk of impaired longitudinal bone growth and the difficulty of removal if necessary. Steinman pins and Kirschner wires can be used to stabilize a variety of different fractures. In Salter-Harris type I and II fractures, the use of pins neutralizes bending forces but not rotational or compressive forces. In contrast, Rush pinning and cross-pinning techniques are effective in neutralizing the forces acting on the physis, and are frequently used for the fixation of fractures in this region. Complications, often associated with poor reduction and alignment, can result in varus or valgus deviation and are associated with a high risk of implant failure or migration, malunion, and patellar luxation. It was concluded that the combination of Rush pins and an intramedullary pin resulted in adequate stabilization of the Salter Harris type I fracture of the distal femur in this rabbit. Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Sch Agr & Veterinarian Sci, Dept Vet Clin & Surg, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Sch Agr & Veterinarian Sci, Dept Vet Pathol, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Sch Agr & Veterinarian Sci, Dept Vet Clin & Surg, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ UNESP, Sch Agr & Veterinarian Sci, Dept Vet Pathol, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil