139,970 results on '"Brock, A."'
Search Results
52. Whole Institution Approach: measurable and highly effective in empowering learners and educators for sustainability
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Holst, Jorrit, Grund, Julius, and Brock, Antje
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- 2024
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53. Transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation for treating gastrointestinal symptoms in individuals with diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicentre trial
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Kornum, Ditte S., Bertoli, Davide, Kufaishi, Huda, Wegeberg, Anne-Marie, Okdahl, Tina, Mark, Esben B., Høyer, Katrine L., Frøkjær, Jens B., Brock, Birgitte, Krogh, Klaus, Hansen, Christian S., Knop, Filip K., Brock, Christina, and Drewes, Asbjørn M.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
54. A Scholar-Practitioner Examination of Experiential Learning: Student Perceptions of the Benefits of a Study Away Experience
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Brock, Jesse D., Reyes, Juanita M., Higham, Russ, and Beach, Don M.
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The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine doctoral student perceptions about an experiential learning summer study away program involving one Texas educational leadership doctoral (Ed.D.) program. Students shared their perceptions about how the four-day study away trip advanced their professional and educational development in becoming more effective scholarpractitioner leaders. Data were collected and analyzed from a completed end-of-course reflective assignment involving students who participated in the study away program. After coding the data and identifying the common themes that emerged from the reflective writing narratives, there were four overarching themes that were derived from the students' responses: (1) encouraging collaborative campus-level decision making; (2) understanding the various contexts and environments of various public school campuses; (3) recognizing the importance of stakeholder trust within the educational setting; and (4) examining the experiential observations within the context of leadership theory and research. The researchers conclude that the experiential learning experience positively impacted the development of scholar-practitioner leaders. The authors further discuss the potential benefits that study away programs can have for other Ed.D. programs considering this option and offer recommendations about how faculty and site-based administrators can work together incorporating similar study away programs for their respective doctoral students.
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- 2023
55. Effects of climate, land use, and human population change on human-elephant conflict risk in Africa and Asia.
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Guarnieri, Mia, Kumaishi, Grace, Brock, Cameryn, Chatterjee, Mayukh, Fabiano, Ezequiel, Katrak-Adefowora, Roshni, Larsen, Ashley, Lockmann, Taylor, and Roehrdanz, Patrick
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biodiversity ,climate change ,human–wildlife conflict ,land use change ,species distribution modeling ,Animals ,Humans ,Elephants ,Ecosystem ,Animals ,Wild ,Hominidae ,Asia ,Africa ,Climate Change ,Conservation of Natural Resources - Abstract
Human-wildlife conflict is an important factor in the modern biodiversity crisis and has negative effects on both humans and wildlife (such as property destruction, injury, or death) that can impede conservation efforts for threatened species. Effectively addressing conflict requires an understanding of where it is likely to occur, particularly as climate change shifts wildlife ranges and human activities globally. Here, we examine how projected shifts in cropland density, human population density, and climatic suitability-three key drivers of human-elephant conflict-will shift conflict pressures for endangered Asian and African elephants to inform conflict management in a changing climate. We find that conflict risk (cropland density and/or human population density moving into the 90th percentile based on current-day values) increases in 2050, with a larger increase under the high-emissions regional rivalry SSP3 - RCP 7.0 scenario than the low-emissions sustainability SSP1 - RCP 2.6 scenario. We also find a net decrease in climatic suitability for both species along their extended range boundaries, with decreasing suitability most often overlapping increasing conflict risk when both suitability and conflict risk are changing. Our findings suggest that as climate changes, the risk of conflict with Asian and African elephants may shift and increase and managers should proactively mitigate that conflict to preserve these charismatic animals.
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- 2024
56. Immunomethylomic profiles of long-term head and neck squamous cell carcinoma survivors on immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Lee, Min, Zhang, Ze, Sehgal, Kartik, Butler, Rondi, Stolrow, Hannah, Ramush, Geat, Shirai, Keisuke, Koestler, Devin, Salas, Lucas, Wiencke, John, Haddad, Robert, Kelsey, Karl, and Christensen, Brock
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DNA methylation ,head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ,immune checkpoint inhibitors ,immune profiles ,immunomethylomics ,methylation cytometry ,Humans ,Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ,Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Female ,DNA Methylation ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Aged ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Killer Cells ,Natural ,Cancer Survivors - Abstract
Aim: This study addresses the challenge of predicting the response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients to immunotherapy.Methods: Using DNA methylation cytometry, we analyzed the immune profiles of six HNSCC patients who showed a positive response to immunotherapy over a year without disease progression.Results: There was an initial increase in CD8 T memory cells and natural killer cells during the first four cycles of immunotherapy, which then returned to baseline levels after a year. Baseline CD8 T cell levels were lower in HNSCC immunotherapy responders but became similar to those in healthy subjects after immunotherapy.Conclusion: These findings suggest that monitoring fluctuations in immune profiles could potentially identify biomarkers for immunotherapy response in HNSCC patients.
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- 2024
57. Characterizing heterogeneous single-cell dose responses computationally and experimentally using threshold inhibition surfaces and dose-titration assays
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Kinnunen, Patrick C, Humphries, Brock A, Luker, Gary D, Luker, Kathryn E, and Linderman, Jennifer J
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Biological Sciences ,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ,Cancer ,Women's Health ,Breast Cancer ,Bioengineering ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Inflammatory and immune system ,Humans ,Female ,Cell Line ,Tumor ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Breast Neoplasms ,MCF-7 Cells ,Bioinformatics and computational biology - Abstract
Single cancer cells within a tumor exhibit variable levels of resistance to drugs, ultimately leading to treatment failures. While tumor heterogeneity is recognized as a major obstacle to cancer therapy, standard dose-response measurements for the potency of targeted kinase inhibitors aggregate populations of cells, obscuring intercellular variations in responses. In this work, we develop an analytical and experimental framework to quantify and model dose responses of individual cancer cells to drugs. We first explore the connection between population and single-cell dose responses using a computational model, revealing that multiple heterogeneous populations can yield nearly identical population dose responses. We demonstrate that a single-cell analysis method, which we term a threshold inhibition surface, can differentiate among these populations. To demonstrate the applicability of this method, we develop a dose-titration assay to measure dose responses in single cells. We apply this assay to breast cancer cells responding to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibition (PI3Ki), using clinically relevant PI3Kis on breast cancer cell lines expressing fluorescent biosensors for kinase activity. We demonstrate that MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibit heterogeneous dose responses with some cells requiring over ten-fold higher concentrations than the population average to achieve inhibition. Our work reimagines dose-response relationships for cancer drugs in an emerging paradigm of single-cell tumor heterogeneity.
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- 2024
58. Climate Change Scenarios for Air and Water Temperatures in the Upper San Francisco Estuary: Implications for Thermal Regimes and Delta Smelt
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Huntsman, Brock, Brown, Larry R., Wulff, Marissa, Knowles, Noah, Wagner, R. Wayne, and Feyrer, Frederick
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Sacramento River ,San Joaquin River ,Delta Smelt ,CASCaDE2 - Abstract
Climate projections and their effects in the San Francisco Estuary have been evaluated as part of the US Geological Survey’s CASCaDE2 project. Understanding the ecological effects of climate change can help manage and maintain the ecological health and productivity of the San Francisco Estuary. In this study, we assessed downscaled air temperature data from 10 global climate models (GCMs) under two representative concentration pathway (RCP) trajectories for greenhouse gas concentrations for three regions of the San Francisco Estuary: Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, Suisun and Grizzly bays, and Suisun Marsh. We also used previously derived regression models to estimate future water temperatures at 16 locations in the upper San Francisco Estuary. We used a thermal regime approach to summarize water temperature projections to investigate changes to the thermal regime of the upper San Francisco Estuary, and used the Delta Smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) to demonstrate the effects that a warming climate may have on the habitat needs of this fish species. Our results suggested there were no major differences in the extent of air-temperature warming among the three regions. Annual average air temperatures were projected to increase approximately 2.0 °C and 4.7 °C by the end of the century for the low and high RCP scenarios, respectively. We found timing, frequency, and magnitude metrics varied by period and RCP scenario, while duration and variability metrics varied by space for water-temperature thermal regimes. For example, the spawning window for Delta Smelt (thermal-regime duration metric) is projected to expand in the future, with spawning starting earlier for both RCP scenarios for most sites. Although our thermal-regime analysis focused on the life history of Delta Smelt, similar approaches could be used to assess climate-change threats to a wide array of native and invasive terrestrial and aquatic species found in San Francisco Estuary.
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- 2024
59. Matched Analysis of Detailed Peripheral Blood and Tumor Immune Microenvironment Profiles in Bladder Cancer
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Chen, Ji-Qing, Salas, Lucas A, Wiencke, John K, Koestler, Devin C, Molinaro, Annette M, Andrew, Angeline S, Seigne, John D, Karagas, Margaret R, Kelsey, Karl T, and Christensen, Brock C
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Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Urologic Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Cancer ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Inflammatory and immune system ,Humans ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Cluster Analysis ,DNA Methylation ,Protein Processing ,Post-Translational ,Prognosis ,bladder cancer ,circulating immune profiles ,DNA methylation ,immune profiles ,methylation cytometry ,tumor microenvironment ,Clinical Sciences - Abstract
Background: Bladder cancer and therapy responses hinge on immune profiles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and blood, yet studies linking tumor-infiltrating immune cells to peripheral immune profiles are limited. Methods: DNA methylation cytometry quantified TME and matched peripheral blood immune cell proportions. With tumor immune profile data as the input, subjects were grouped by immune infiltration status and consensus clustering. Results: Immune hot and cold groups had different immune compositions in the TME but not in circulating blood. Two clusters of patients identified with consensus clustering had different immune compositions not only in the TME but also in blood. Conclusion: Detailed immune profiling via methylation cytometry reveals the significance of understanding tumor and systemic immune relationships in cancer patients.
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- 2024
60. A Maturity Model for Operations in Neuroscience Research
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Johnson, Erik C., Nguyen, Thinh T., Dichter, Benjamin K., Zappulla, Frank, Kosma, Montgomery, Gunalan, Kabilar, Halchenko, Yaroslav O., Neufeld, Shay Q., Schirner, Michael, Ritter, Petra, Martone, Maryann E., Wester, Brock, Pestilli, Franco, and Yatsenko, Dimitri
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Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition ,Computer Science - Computers and Society - Abstract
Scientists are adopting new approaches to scale up their activities and goals. Progress in neurotechnologies, artificial intelligence, automation, and tools for collaboration promises new bursts of discoveries. However, compared to other disciplines and the industry, neuroscience laboratories have been slow to adopt key technologies to support collaboration, reproducibility, and automation. Drawing on progress in other fields, we define a roadmap for implementing automated research workflows for diverse research teams. We propose establishing a five-level capability maturity model for operations in neuroscience research. Achieving higher levels of operational maturity requires new technology-enabled methodologies, which we describe as ``SciOps''. The maturity model provides guidelines for evaluating and upgrading operations in multidisciplinary neuroscience teams., Comment: 10 pages, one figure
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- 2023
61. Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Models
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Gemini Team, Anil, Rohan, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Alayrac, Jean-Baptiste, Yu, Jiahui, Soricut, Radu, Schalkwyk, Johan, Dai, Andrew M., Hauth, Anja, Millican, Katie, Silver, David, Johnson, Melvin, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Schrittwieser, Julian, Glaese, Amelia, Chen, Jilin, Pitler, Emily, Lillicrap, Timothy, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Firat, Orhan, Molloy, James, Isard, Michael, Barham, Paul R., Hennigan, Tom, Lee, Benjamin, Viola, Fabio, Reynolds, Malcolm, Xu, Yuanzhong, Doherty, Ryan, Collins, Eli, Meyer, Clemens, Rutherford, Eliza, Moreira, Erica, Ayoub, Kareem, Goel, Megha, Krawczyk, Jack, Du, Cosmo, Chi, Ed, Cheng, Heng-Tze, Ni, Eric, Shah, Purvi, Kane, Patrick, Chan, Betty, Faruqui, Manaal, Severyn, Aliaksei, Lin, Hanzhao, Li, YaGuang, Cheng, Yong, Ittycheriah, Abe, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Chen, Mia, Sun, Pei, Tran, Dustin, Bagri, Sumit, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Liu, Jeremiah, Orban, Andras, Güra, Fabian, Zhou, Hao, Song, Xinying, Boffy, Aurelien, Ganapathy, Harish, Zheng, Steven, Choe, HyunJeong, Weisz, Ágoston, Zhu, Tao, Lu, Yifeng, Gopal, Siddharth, Kahn, Jarrod, Kula, Maciej, Pitman, Jeff, Shah, Rushin, Taropa, Emanuel, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Chen, Zhifeng, Shafey, Laurent El, Zhang, Yujing, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Tucker, George, Piqueras, Enrique, Krikun, Maxim, Barr, Iain, Savinov, Nikolay, Danihelka, Ivo, Roelofs, Becca, White, Anaïs, Andreassen, Anders, von Glehn, Tamara, Yagati, Lakshman, Kazemi, Mehran, Gonzalez, Lucas, Khalman, Misha, Sygnowski, Jakub, Frechette, Alexandre, Smith, Charlotte, Culp, Laura, Proleev, Lev, Luan, Yi, Chen, Xi, Lottes, James, Schucher, Nathan, Lebron, Federico, Rrustemi, Alban, Clay, Natalie, Crone, Phil, Kocisky, Tomas, Zhao, Jeffrey, Perz, Bartek, Yu, Dian, Howard, Heidi, Bloniarz, Adam, Rae, Jack W., Lu, Han, Sifre, Laurent, Maggioni, Marcello, Alcober, Fred, Garrette, Dan, Barnes, Megan, Thakoor, Shantanu, Austin, Jacob, Barth-Maron, Gabriel, Wong, William, Joshi, Rishabh, Chaabouni, Rahma, Fatiha, Deeni, Ahuja, Arun, Tomar, Gaurav Singh, Senter, Evan, Chadwick, Martin, Kornakov, Ilya, Attaluri, Nithya, Iturrate, Iñaki, Liu, Ruibo, Li, Yunxuan, Cogan, Sarah, Chen, Jeremy, Jia, Chao, Gu, Chenjie, Zhang, Qiao, Grimstad, Jordan, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Garcia, Xavier, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Devlin, Jacob, Laskin, Michael, Casas, Diego de Las, Valter, Dasha, Tao, Connie, Blanco, Lorenzo, Badia, Adrià Puigdomènech, Reitter, David, Chen, Mianna, Brennan, Jenny, Rivera, Clara, Brin, Sergey, Iqbal, Shariq, Surita, Gabriela, Labanowski, Jane, Rao, Abhi, Winkler, Stephanie, Parisotto, Emilio, Gu, Yiming, Olszewska, Kate, Addanki, Ravi, Miech, Antoine, Louis, Annie, Teplyashin, Denis, Brown, Geoff, Catt, Elliot, Balaguer, Jan, Xiang, Jackie, Wang, Pidong, Ashwood, Zoe, Briukhov, Anton, Webson, Albert, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Sanghavi, Smit, Kannan, Ajay, Chang, Ming-Wei, Stjerngren, Axel, Djolonga, Josip, Sun, Yuting, Bapna, Ankur, Aitchison, Matthew, Pejman, Pedram, Michalewski, Henryk, Yu, Tianhe, Wang, Cindy, Love, Juliette, Ahn, Junwhan, Bloxwich, Dawn, Han, Kehang, Humphreys, Peter, Sellam, Thibault, Bradbury, James, Godbole, Varun, Samangooei, Sina, Damoc, Bogdan, Kaskasoli, Alex, Arnold, Sébastien M. R., Vasudevan, Vijay, Agrawal, Shubham, Riesa, Jason, Lepikhin, Dmitry, Tanburn, Richard, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Lim, Hyeontaek, Hodkinson, Sarah, Shyam, Pranav, Ferret, Johan, Hand, Steven, Garg, Ankush, Paine, Tom Le, Li, Jian, Li, Yujia, Giang, Minh, Neitz, Alexander, Abbas, Zaheer, York, Sarah, Reid, Machel, Cole, Elizabeth, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Das, Dipanjan, Rogozińska, Dominika, Nikolaev, Vitaliy, Sprechmann, Pablo, Nado, Zachary, Zilka, Lukas, Prost, Flavien, He, Luheng, Monteiro, Marianne, Mishra, Gaurav, Welty, Chris, Newlan, Josh, Jia, Dawei, Allamanis, Miltiadis, Hu, Clara Huiyi, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Gilmer, Justin, Saroufim, Carl, Rijhwani, Shruti, Hou, Shaobo, Shrivastava, Disha, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Goldin, Alex, Ozturel, Adnan, Cassirer, Albin, Xu, Yunhan, Sohn, Daniel, Sachan, Devendra, Amplayo, Reinald Kim, Swanson, Craig, Petrova, Dessie, Narayan, Shashi, Guez, Arthur, Brahma, Siddhartha, Landon, Jessica, Patel, Miteyan, Zhao, Ruizhe, Villela, Kevin, Wang, Luyu, Jia, Wenhao, Rahtz, Matthew, Giménez, Mai, Yeung, Legg, Keeling, James, Georgiev, Petko, Mincu, Diana, Wu, Boxi, Haykal, Salem, Saputro, Rachel, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Qin, James, Cankara, Zeynep, Sharma, Abhanshu, Fernando, Nick, Hawkins, Will, Neyshabur, Behnam, Kim, Solomon, Hutter, Adrian, Agrawal, Priyanka, Castro-Ros, Alex, Driessche, George van den, Wang, Tao, Yang, Fan, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Komarek, Paul, McIlroy, Ross, Lučić, Mario, Zhang, Guodong, Farhan, Wael, Sharman, Michael, Natsev, Paul, Michel, Paul, Bansal, Yamini, Qiao, Siyuan, Cao, Kris, Shakeri, Siamak, Butterfield, Christina, Chung, Justin, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Agrawal, Shivani, Mensch, Arthur, Soparkar, Kedar, Lenc, Karel, Chung, Timothy, Pope, Aedan, Maggiore, Loren, Kay, Jackie, Jhakra, Priya, Wang, Shibo, Maynez, Joshua, Phuong, Mary, Tobin, Taylor, Tacchetti, Andrea, Trebacz, Maja, Robinson, Kevin, Katariya, Yash, Riedel, Sebastian, Bailey, Paige, Xiao, Kefan, Ghelani, Nimesh, Aroyo, Lora, Slone, Ambrose, Houlsby, Neil, Xiong, Xuehan, Yang, Zhen, Gribovskaya, Elena, Adler, Jonas, Wirth, Mateo, Lee, Lisa, Li, Music, Kagohara, Thais, Pavagadhi, Jay, Bridgers, Sophie, Bortsova, Anna, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Ahmed, Zafarali, Liu, Tianqi, Powell, Richard, Bolina, Vijay, Iinuma, Mariko, Zablotskaia, Polina, Besley, James, Chung, Da-Woon, Dozat, Timothy, Comanescu, Ramona, Si, Xiance, Greer, Jeremy, Su, Guolong, Polacek, Martin, Kaufman, Raphaël Lopez, Tokumine, Simon, Hu, Hexiang, Buchatskaya, Elena, Miao, Yingjie, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Siddhant, Aditya, Tomasev, Nenad, Xing, Jinwei, Greer, Christina, Miller, Helen, Ashraf, Shereen, Roy, Aurko, Zhang, Zizhao, Ma, Ada, Filos, Angelos, Besta, Milos, Blevins, Rory, Klimenko, Ted, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Changpinyo, Soravit, Mu, Jiaqi, Chang, Oscar, Pajarskas, Mantas, Muir, Carrie, Cohen, Vered, Lan, Charline Le, Haridasan, Krishna, Marathe, Amit, Hansen, Steven, Douglas, Sholto, Samuel, Rajkumar, Wang, Mingqiu, Austin, Sophia, Lan, Chang, Jiang, Jiepu, Chiu, Justin, Lorenzo, Jaime Alonso, Sjösund, Lars Lowe, Cevey, Sébastien, Gleicher, Zach, Avrahami, Thi, Boral, Anudhyan, Srinivasan, Hansa, Selo, Vittorio, May, Rhys, Aisopos, Konstantinos, Hussenot, Léonard, Soares, Livio Baldini, Baumli, Kate, Chang, Michael B., Recasens, Adrià, Caine, Ben, Pritzel, Alexander, Pavetic, Filip, Pardo, Fabio, Gergely, Anita, Frye, Justin, Ramasesh, Vinay, Horgan, Dan, Badola, Kartikeya, Kassner, Nora, Roy, Subhrajit, Dyer, Ethan, Campos, Víctor Campos, Tomala, Alex, Tang, Yunhao, Badawy, Dalia El, White, Elspeth, Mustafa, Basil, Lang, Oran, Jindal, Abhishek, Vikram, Sharad, Gong, Zhitao, Caelles, Sergi, Hemsley, Ross, Thornton, Gregory, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Zheng, Ce, Thacker, Phoebe, Ünlü, Çağlar, Zhang, Zhishuai, Saleh, Mohammad, Svensson, James, Bileschi, Max, Patil, Piyush, Anand, Ankesh, Ring, Roman, Tsihlas, Katerina, Vezer, Arpi, Selvi, Marco, Shevlane, Toby, Rodriguez, Mikel, Kwiatkowski, Tom, Daruki, Samira, Rong, Keran, Dafoe, Allan, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Gu-Lemberg, Keren, Khan, Mina, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Pellat, Marie, Feinberg, Vladimir, Cobon-Kerr, James, Sainath, Tara, Rauh, Maribeth, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Ives, Richard, Hasson, Yana, Noland, Eric, Cao, Yuan, Byrd, Nathan, Hou, Le, Wang, Qingze, Sottiaux, Thibault, Paganini, Michela, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Moufarek, Alexandre, Hassan, Samer, Shivakumar, Kaushik, van Amersfoort, Joost, Mandhane, Amol, Joshi, Pratik, Goyal, Anirudh, Tung, Matthew, Brock, Andrew, Sheahan, Hannah, Misra, Vedant, Li, Cheng, Rakićević, Nemanja, Dehghani, Mostafa, Liu, Fangyu, Mittal, Sid, Oh, Junhyuk, Noury, Seb, Sezener, Eren, Huot, Fantine, Lamm, Matthew, De Cao, Nicola, Chen, Charlie, Mudgal, Sidharth, Stella, Romina, Brooks, Kevin, Vasudevan, Gautam, Liu, Chenxi, Chain, Mainak, Melinkeri, Nivedita, Cohen, Aaron, Wang, Venus, Seymore, Kristie, Zubkov, Sergey, Goel, Rahul, Yue, Summer, Krishnakumaran, Sai, Albert, Brian, Hurley, Nate, Sano, Motoki, Mohananey, Anhad, Joughin, Jonah, Filonov, Egor, Kępa, Tomasz, Eldawy, Yomna, Lim, Jiawern, Rishi, Rahul, Badiezadegan, Shirin, Bos, Taylor, Chang, Jerry, Jain, Sanil, Padmanabhan, Sri Gayatri Sundara, Puttagunta, Subha, Krishna, Kalpesh, Baker, Leslie, Kalb, Norbert, Bedapudi, Vamsi, Kurzrok, Adam, Lei, Shuntong, Yu, Anthony, Litvin, Oren, Zhou, Xiang, Wu, Zhichun, Sobell, Sam, Siciliano, Andrea, Papir, Alan, Neale, Robby, Bragagnolo, Jonas, Toor, Tej, Chen, Tina, Anklin, Valentin, Wang, Feiran, Feng, Richie, Gholami, Milad, Ling, Kevin, Liu, Lijuan, Walter, Jules, Moghaddam, Hamid, Kishore, Arun, Adamek, Jakub, Mercado, Tyler, Mallinson, Jonathan, Wandekar, Siddhinita, Cagle, Stephen, Ofek, Eran, Garrido, Guillermo, Lombriser, Clemens, Mukha, Maksim, Sun, Botu, Mohammad, Hafeezul Rahman, Matak, Josip, Qian, Yadi, Peswani, Vikas, Janus, Pawel, Yuan, Quan, Schelin, Leif, David, Oana, Garg, Ankur, He, Yifan, Duzhyi, Oleksii, Älgmyr, Anton, Lottaz, Timothée, Li, Qi, Yadav, Vikas, Xu, Luyao, Chinien, Alex, Shivanna, Rakesh, Chuklin, Aleksandr, Li, Josie, Spadine, Carrie, Wolfe, Travis, Mohamed, Kareem, Das, Subhabrata, Dai, Zihang, He, Kyle, von Dincklage, Daniel, Upadhyay, Shyam, Maurya, Akanksha, Chi, Luyan, Krause, Sebastian, Salama, Khalid, Rabinovitch, Pam G, M, Pavan Kumar Reddy, Selvan, Aarush, Dektiarev, Mikhail, Ghiasi, Golnaz, Guven, Erdem, Gupta, Himanshu, Liu, Boyi, Sharma, Deepak, Shtacher, Idan Heimlich, Paul, Shachi, Akerlund, Oscar, Aubet, François-Xavier, Huang, Terry, Zhu, Chen, Zhu, Eric, Teixeira, Elico, Fritze, Matthew, Bertolini, Francesco, Marinescu, Liana-Eleonora, Bölle, Martin, Paulus, Dominik, Gupta, Khyatti, Latkar, Tejasi, Chang, Max, Sanders, Jason, Wilson, Roopa, Wu, Xuewei, Tan, Yi-Xuan, Thiet, Lam Nguyen, Doshi, Tulsee, Lall, Sid, Mishra, Swaroop, Chen, Wanming, Luong, Thang, Benjamin, Seth, Lee, Jasmine, Andrejczuk, Ewa, Rabiej, Dominik, Ranjan, Vipul, Styrc, Krzysztof, Yin, Pengcheng, Simon, Jon, Harriott, Malcolm Rose, Bansal, Mudit, Robsky, Alexei, Bacon, Geoff, Greene, David, Mirylenka, Daniil, Zhou, Chen, Sarvana, Obaid, Goyal, Abhimanyu, Andermatt, Samuel, Siegler, Patrick, Horn, Ben, Israel, Assaf, Pongetti, Francesco, Chen, Chih-Wei "Louis", Selvatici, Marco, Silva, Pedro, Wang, Kathie, Tolins, Jackson, Guu, Kelvin, Yogev, Roey, Cai, Xiaochen, Agostini, Alessandro, Shah, Maulik, Nguyen, Hung, Donnaile, Noah Ó, Pereira, Sébastien, Friso, Linda, Stambler, Adam, Kuang, Chenkai, Romanikhin, Yan, Geller, Mark, Yan, ZJ, Jang, Kane, Lee, Cheng-Chun, Fica, Wojciech, Malmi, Eric, Tan, Qijun, Banica, Dan, Balle, Daniel, Pham, Ryan, Huang, Yanping, Avram, Diana, Shi, Hongzhi, Singh, Jasjot, Hidey, Chris, Ahuja, Niharika, Saxena, Pranab, Dooley, Dan, Potharaju, Srividya Pranavi, O'Neill, Eileen, Gokulchandran, Anand, Foley, Ryan, Zhao, Kai, Dusenberry, Mike, Liu, Yuan, Mehta, Pulkit, Kotikalapudi, Ragha, Safranek-Shrader, Chalence, Goodman, Andrew, Kessinger, Joshua, Globen, Eran, Kolhar, Prateek, Gorgolewski, Chris, Ibrahim, Ali, Song, Yang, Eichenbaum, Ali, Brovelli, Thomas, Potluri, Sahitya, Lahoti, Preethi, Baetu, Cip, Ghorbani, Ali, Chen, Charles, Crawford, Andy, Pal, Shalini, Sridhar, Mukund, Gurita, Petru, Mujika, Asier, Petrovski, Igor, Cedoz, Pierre-Louis, Li, Chenmei, Chen, Shiyuan, Santo, Niccolò Dal, Goyal, Siddharth, Punjabi, Jitesh, Kappaganthu, Karthik, Kwak, Chester, LV, Pallavi, Velury, Sarmishta, Choudhury, Himadri, Hall, Jamie, Shah, Premal, Figueira, Ricardo, Thomas, Matt, Lu, Minjie, Zhou, Ting, Kumar, Chintu, Jurdi, Thomas, Chikkerur, Sharat, Ma, Yenai, Yu, Adams, Kwak, Soo, Ähdel, Victor, Rajayogam, Sujeevan, Choma, Travis, Liu, Fei, Barua, Aditya, Ji, Colin, Park, Ji Ho, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Bailey, Alex, Bilal, Taylan, Zhou, Huanjie, Khatir, Mehrdad, Sutton, Charles, Rzadkowski, Wojciech, Macintosh, Fiona, Shagin, Konstantin, Medina, Paul, Liang, Chen, Zhou, Jinjing, Shah, Pararth, Bi, Yingying, Dankovics, Attila, Banga, Shipra, Lehmann, Sabine, Bredesen, Marissa, Lin, Zifan, Hoffmann, John Eric, Lai, Jonathan, Chung, Raynald, Yang, Kai, Balani, Nihal, Bražinskas, Arthur, Sozanschi, Andrei, Hayes, Matthew, Alcalde, Héctor Fernández, Makarov, Peter, Chen, Will, Stella, Antonio, Snijders, Liselotte, Mandl, Michael, Kärrman, Ante, Nowak, Paweł, Wu, Xinyi, Dyck, Alex, Vaidyanathan, Krishnan, R, Raghavender, Mallet, Jessica, Rudominer, Mitch, Johnston, Eric, Mittal, Sushil, Udathu, Akhil, Christensen, Janara, Verma, Vishal, Irving, Zach, Santucci, Andreas, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Davoodi, Elnaz, Georgiev, Marin, Tenney, Ian, Hua, Nan, Cideron, Geoffrey, Leurent, Edouard, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, Georgescu, Ionut, Wei, Nan, Zheng, Ivy, Scandinaro, Dylan, Jiang, Heinrich, Snoek, Jasper, Sundararajan, Mukund, Wang, Xuezhi, Ontiveros, Zack, Karo, Itay, Cole, Jeremy, Rajashekhar, Vinu, Tumeh, Lara, Ben-David, Eyal, Jain, Rishub, Uesato, Jonathan, Datta, Romina, Bunyan, Oskar, Wu, Shimu, Zhang, John, Stanczyk, Piotr, Zhang, Ye, Steiner, David, Naskar, Subhajit, Azzam, Michael, Johnson, Matthew, Paszke, Adam, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Elias, Jaume Sanchez, Mohiuddin, Afroz, Muhammad, Faizan, Miao, Jin, Lee, Andrew, Vieillard, Nino, Park, Jane, Zhang, Jiageng, Stanway, Jeff, Garmon, Drew, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Dong, Zhe, Lee, Jong, Kumar, Aviral, Zhou, Luowei, Evens, Jonathan, Isaac, William, Irving, Geoffrey, Loper, Edward, Fink, Michael, Arkatkar, Isha, Chen, Nanxin, Shafran, Izhak, Petrychenko, Ivan, Chen, Zhe, Jia, Johnson, Levskaya, Anselm, Zhu, Zhenkai, Grabowski, Peter, Mao, Yu, Magni, Alberto, Yao, Kaisheng, Snaider, Javier, Casagrande, Norman, Palmer, Evan, Suganthan, Paul, Castaño, Alfonso, Giannoumis, Irene, Kim, Wooyeol, Rybiński, Mikołaj, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Prendki, Jennifer, Soergel, David, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Gierke, Willi, Jafari, Mohsen, Gaba, Meenu, Wiesner, Jeremy, Wright, Diana Gage, Wei, Yawen, Vashisht, Harsha, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Hoover, Jay, Le, Maigo, Li, Lu, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Liu, Lu, Ramirez, Kevin, Khorlin, Andrey, Cui, Albert, LIN, Tian, Wu, Marcus, Aguilar, Ricardo, Pallo, Keith, Chakladar, Abhishek, Perng, Ginger, Abellan, Elena Allica, Zhang, Mingyang, Dasgupta, Ishita, Kushman, Nate, Penchev, Ivo, Repina, Alena, Wu, Xihui, van der Weide, Tom, Ponnapalli, Priya, Kaplan, Caroline, Simsa, Jiri, Li, Shuangfeng, Dousse, Olivier, Piper, Jeff, Ie, Nathan, Pasumarthi, Rama, Lintz, Nathan, Vijayakumar, Anitha, Andor, Daniel, Valenzuela, Pedro, Lui, Minnie, Paduraru, Cosmin, Peng, Daiyi, Lee, Katherine, Zhang, Shuyuan, Greene, Somer, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Kurylowicz, Paula, Hardin, Cassidy, Dixon, Lucas, Janzer, Lili, Choo, Kiam, Feng, Ziqiang, Zhang, Biao, Singhal, Achintya, Du, Dayou, McKinnon, Dan, Antropova, Natasha, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Keller, Orgad, Reid, David, Finchelstein, Daniel, Raad, Maria Abi, Crocker, Remi, Hawkins, Peter, Dadashi, Robert, Gaffney, Colin, Franko, Ken, Bulanova, Anna, Leblond, Rémi, Chung, Shirley, Askham, Harry, Cobo, Luis C., Xu, Kelvin, Fischer, Felix, Xu, Jun, Sorokin, Christina, Alberti, Chris, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Evans, Colin, Dimitriev, Alek, Forbes, Hannah, Banarse, Dylan, Tung, Zora, Omernick, Mark, Bishop, Colton, Sterneck, Rachel, Jain, Rohan, Xia, Jiawei, Amid, Ehsan, Piccinno, Francesco, Wang, Xingyu, Banzal, Praseem, Mankowitz, Daniel J., Polozov, Alex, Krakovna, Victoria, Brown, Sasha, Bateni, MohammadHossein, Duan, Dennis, Firoiu, Vlad, Thotakuri, Meghana, Natan, Tom, Geist, Matthieu, Girgin, Ser tan, Li, Hui, Ye, Jiayu, Roval, Ofir, Tojo, Reiko, Kwong, Michael, Lee-Thorp, James, Yew, Christopher, Sinopalnikov, Danila, Ramos, Sabela, Mellor, John, Sharma, Abhishek, Wu, Kathy, Miller, David, Sonnerat, Nicolas, Vnukov, Denis, Greig, Rory, Beattie, Jennifer, Caveness, Emily, Bai, Libin, Eisenschlos, Julian, Korchemniy, Alex, Tsai, Tomy, Jasarevic, Mimi, Kong, Weize, Dao, Phuong, Zheng, Zeyu, Liu, Frederick, Zhu, Rui, Teh, Tian Huey, Sanmiya, Jason, Gladchenko, Evgeny, Trdin, Nejc, Toyama, Daniel, Rosen, Evan, Tavakkol, Sasan, Xue, Linting, Elkind, Chen, Woodman, Oliver, Carpenter, John, Papamakarios, George, Kemp, Rupert, Kafle, Sushant, Grunina, Tanya, Sinha, Rishika, Talbert, Alice, Wu, Diane, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Thornton, Chloe, Pont-Tuset, Jordi, Narayana, Pradyumna, Li, Jing, Fatehi, Saaber, Wieting, John, Ajmeri, Omar, Uria, Benigno, Ko, Yeongil, Knight, Laura, Héliou, Amélie, Niu, Ning, Gu, Shane, Pang, Chenxi, Li, Yeqing, Levine, Nir, Stolovich, Ariel, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Goenka, Sonam, Yustalim, Wenny, Strudel, Robin, Elqursh, Ali, Deck, Charlie, Lee, Hyo, Li, Zonglin, Levin, Kyle, Hoffmann, Raphael, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Bachem, Olivier, Arora, Sho, Koh, Christy, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Põder, Siim, Tariq, Mukarram, Sun, Yanhua, Ionita, Lucian, Seyedhosseini, Mojtaba, Tafti, Pouya, Liu, Zhiyu, Gulati, Anmol, Liu, Jasmine, Ye, Xinyu, Chrzaszcz, Bart, Wang, Lily, Sethi, Nikhil, Li, Tianrun, Brown, Ben, Singh, Shreya, Fan, Wei, Parisi, Aaron, Stanton, Joe, Koverkathu, Vinod, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Li, Yunjie, Lu, TJ, Shroff, Prakash, Varadarajan, Mani, Bahargam, Sanaz, Willoughby, Rob, Gaddy, David, Desjardins, Guillaume, Cornero, Marco, Robenek, Brona, Mittal, Bhavishya, Albrecht, Ben, Shenoy, Ashish, Moiseev, Fedor, Jacobsson, Henrik, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Rivière, Morgane, Walton, Alanna, Crepy, Clément, Parrish, Alicia, Zhou, Zongwei, Farabet, Clement, Radebaugh, Carey, Srinivasan, Praveen, van der Salm, Claudia, Fidjeland, Andreas, Scellato, Salvatore, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Klimczak-Plucińska, Hanna, Bridson, David, de Cesare, Dario, Hudson, Tom, Mendolicchio, Piermaria, Walker, Lexi, Morris, Alex, Mauger, Matthew, Guseynov, Alexey, Reid, Alison, Odoom, Seth, Loher, Lucia, Cotruta, Victor, Yenugula, Madhavi, Grewe, Dominik, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Duerig, Tom, Sanchez, Antonio, Yadlowsky, Steve, Shen, Amy, Globerson, Amir, Webb, Lynette, Dua, Sahil, Li, Dong, Bhupatiraju, Surya, Hurt, Dan, Qureshi, Haroon, Agarwal, Ananth, Shani, Tomer, Eyal, Matan, Khare, Anuj, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Wang, Lei, Tekur, Chetan, Kale, Mihir Sanjay, Wei, Jinliang, Sang, Ruoxin, Saeta, Brennan, Liechty, Tyler, Sun, Yi, Zhao, Yao, Lee, Stephan, Nayak, Pandu, Fritz, Doug, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Aslanides, John, Vyas, Nidhi, Wicke, Martin, Ma, Xiao, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Martin, Nina, Cate, Hardie, Manyika, James, Amiri, Keyvan, Kim, Yelin, Xiong, Xi, Kang, Kai, Luisier, Florian, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Madras, David, Guo, Mandy, Waters, Austin, Wang, Oliver, Ainslie, Joshua, Baldridge, Jason, Zhang, Han, Pruthi, Garima, Bauer, Jakob, Yang, Feng, Mansour, Riham, Gelman, Jason, Xu, Yang, Polovets, George, Liu, Ji, Cai, Honglong, Chen, Warren, Sheng, XiangHai, Xue, Emily, Ozair, Sherjil, Angermueller, Christof, Li, Xiaowei, Sinha, Anoop, Wang, Weiren, Wiesinger, Julia, Koukoumidis, Emmanouil, Tian, Yuan, Iyer, Anand, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Goldenson, Mark, Shah, Parashar, Blake, MK, Yu, Hongkun, Urbanowicz, Anthony, Palomaki, Jennimaria, Fernando, Chrisantha, Durden, Ken, Mehta, Harsh, Momchev, Nikola, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Georgaki, Maria, Raul, Amit, Ruder, Sebastian, Redshaw, Morgan, Lee, Jinhyuk, Zhou, Denny, Jalan, Komal, Li, Dinghua, Hechtman, Blake, Schuh, Parker, Nasr, Milad, Milan, Kieran, Mikulik, Vladimir, Franco, Juliana, Green, Tim, Nguyen, Nam, Kelley, Joe, Mahendru, Aroma, Hu, Andrea, Howland, Joshua, Vargas, Ben, Hui, Jeffrey, Bansal, Kshitij, Rao, Vikram, Ghiya, Rakesh, Wang, Emma, Ye, Ke, Sarr, Jean Michel, Preston, Melanie Moranski, Elish, Madeleine, Li, Steve, Kaku, Aakash, Gupta, Jigar, Pasupat, Ice, Juan, Da-Cheng, Someswar, Milan, M., Tejvi, Chen, Xinyun, Amini, Aida, Fabrikant, Alex, Chu, Eric, Dong, Xuanyi, Muthal, Amruta, Buthpitiya, Senaka, Jauhari, Sarthak, Khandelwal, Urvashi, Hitron, Ayal, Ren, Jie, Rinaldi, Larissa, Drath, Shahar, Dabush, Avigail, Jiang, Nan-Jiang, Godhia, Harshal, Sachs, Uli, Chen, Anthony, Fan, Yicheng, Taitelbaum, Hagai, Noga, Hila, Dai, Zhuyun, Wang, James, Hamer, Jenny, Ferng, Chun-Sung, Elkind, Chenel, Atias, Aviel, Lee, Paulina, Listík, Vít, Carlen, Mathias, van de Kerkhof, Jan, Pikus, Marcin, Zaher, Krunoslav, Müller, Paul, Zykova, Sasha, Stefanec, Richard, Gatsko, Vitaly, Hirnschall, Christoph, Sethi, Ashwin, Xu, Xingyu Federico, Ahuja, Chetan, Tsai, Beth, Stefanoiu, Anca, Feng, Bo, Dhandhania, Keshav, Katyal, Manish, Gupta, Akshay, Parulekar, Atharva, Pitta, Divya, Zhao, Jing, Bhatia, Vivaan, Bhavnani, Yashodha, Alhadlaq, Omar, Li, Xiaolin, Danenberg, Peter, Tu, Dennis, Pine, Alex, Filippova, Vera, Ghosh, Abhipso, Limonchik, Ben, Urala, Bhargava, Lanka, Chaitanya Krishna, Clive, Derik, Li, Edward, Wu, Hao, Hongtongsak, Kevin, Li, Ianna, Thakkar, Kalind, Omarov, Kuanysh, Majmundar, Kushal, Alverson, Michael, Kucharski, Michael, Patel, Mohak, Jain, Mudit, Zabelin, Maksim, Pelagatti, Paolo, Kohli, Rohan, Kumar, Saurabh, Kim, Joseph, Sankar, Swetha, Shah, Vineet, Ramachandruni, Lakshmi, Zeng, Xiangkai, Bariach, Ben, Weidinger, Laura, Vu, Tu, Andreev, Alek, He, Antoine, Hui, Kevin, Kashem, Sheleem, Subramanya, Amar, Hsiao, Sissie, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Sadovsky, Adam, Le, Quoc, Strohman, Trevor, Wu, Yonghui, Petrov, Slav, Dean, Jeffrey, and Vinyals, Oriol
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
This report introduces a new family of multimodal models, Gemini, that exhibit remarkable capabilities across image, audio, video, and text understanding. The Gemini family consists of Ultra, Pro, and Nano sizes, suitable for applications ranging from complex reasoning tasks to on-device memory-constrained use-cases. Evaluation on a broad range of benchmarks shows that our most-capable Gemini Ultra model advances the state of the art in 30 of 32 of these benchmarks - notably being the first model to achieve human-expert performance on the well-studied exam benchmark MMLU, and improving the state of the art in every one of the 20 multimodal benchmarks we examined. We believe that the new capabilities of the Gemini family in cross-modal reasoning and language understanding will enable a wide variety of use cases. We discuss our approach toward post-training and deploying Gemini models responsibly to users through services including Gemini, Gemini Advanced, Google AI Studio, and Cloud Vertex AI.
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- 2023
62. W-volume for planar domains with circular boundary
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Brock, Jeffrey and Pallete, Franco Vargas
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Mathematics - Differential Geometry ,Mathematics - Geometric Topology - Abstract
We extend the notion of Epstein maps to conformal metrics on submanifolds of the unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^n=\partial_\infty\mathbb{H}^{n+1}$. Using this construction for curves in $\mathbb{S}^2$, we define the W-volume for conformal metrics on domains in $\overline{\mathbb{C}}=\mathbb{S}^2$ with round circles as boundaries. We show that the W-volume is a realization in $\mathbb{H}^3$ of the determinant of the Laplacian. We use this and work of Osgood, Phillips and Sarnak to show that a classical Schottky uniformization of a genus g Riemann surface has renormalized volume bounded by $(6g-8)\pi$, and by $-2\pi$ under further assumptions. This gives a partial answer to a question of Maldacena. We also then provide a $\mathbb{H}^3$ realization of the Loewner energy of a $C^{2,\alpha}$ Jordan curve., Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure. Comments are welcome!
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- 2023
63. RDMA-Based Algorithms for Sparse Matrix Multiplication on GPUs
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Brock, Benjamin, Buluç, Aydın, and Yelick, Katherine
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Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing - Abstract
Sparse matrix multiplication is an important kernel for large-scale graph processing and other data-intensive applications. In this paper, we implement various asynchronous, RDMA-based sparse times dense (SpMM) and sparse times sparse (SpGEMM) algorithms, evaluating their performance running in a distributed memory setting on GPUs. Our RDMA-based implementations use the NVSHMEM communication library for direct, asynchronous one-sided communication between GPUs. We compare our asynchronous implementations to state-of-the-art bulk synchronous GPU libraries as well as a CUDA-aware MPI implementation of the SUMMA algorithm. We find that asynchronous RDMA-based implementations are able to offer favorable performance compared to bulk synchronous implementations, while also allowing for the straightforward implementation of novel work stealing algorithms., Comment: To appear in ACM International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS) 2024
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- 2023
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64. Feature Extraction for Generative Medical Imaging Evaluation: New Evidence Against an Evolving Trend
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Woodland, McKell, Castelo, Austin, Taie, Mais Al, Silva, Jessica Albuquerque Marques, Eltaher, Mohamed, Mohn, Frank, Shieh, Alexander, Kundu, Suprateek, Yung, Joshua P., Patel, Ankit B., and Brock, Kristy K.
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID) is a widely used metric for assessing synthetic image quality. It relies on an ImageNet-based feature extractor, making its applicability to medical imaging unclear. A recent trend is to adapt FID to medical imaging through feature extractors trained on medical images. Our study challenges this practice by demonstrating that ImageNet-based extractors are more consistent and aligned with human judgment than their RadImageNet counterparts. We evaluated sixteen StyleGAN2 networks across four medical imaging modalities and four data augmentation techniques with Fr\'echet distances (FDs) computed using eleven ImageNet or RadImageNet-trained feature extractors. Comparison with human judgment via visual Turing tests revealed that ImageNet-based extractors produced rankings consistent with human judgment, with the FD derived from the ImageNet-trained SwAV extractor significantly correlating with expert evaluations. In contrast, RadImageNet-based rankings were volatile and inconsistent with human judgment. Our findings challenge prevailing assumptions, providing novel evidence that medical image-trained feature extractors do not inherently improve FDs and can even compromise their reliability. Our code is available at https://github.com/mckellwoodland/fid-med-eval., Comment: Preprint of manuscript early accepted to MICCAI 2024
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- 2023
65. Local control of a single nitrogen-vacancy center by nanoscale engineered magnetic domain wall motions
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McLaughlin, Nathan J., Li, Senlei, Brock, Jeffrey A., Zhang, Shu, Lu, Hanyi, Huang, Mengqi, Xiao, Yuxuan, Zhou, Jingcheng, Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav, Fullerton, Eric E., Wang, Hailong, and Du, Chunhui Rita
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Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics - Abstract
Effective control and readout of qubits form the technical foundation of next-generation, transformative quantum information sciences and technologies. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, an intrinsic three-level spin system, is naturally relevant in this context due to its excellent quantum coherence, high fidelity of operations, and remarkable functionality over a broad range of experimental conditions. It is an active contender for the development and implementation of cutting-edge quantum technologies. Here, we report magnetic domain wall motion driven local control and measurements of NV spin properties. By engineering the local magnetic field environment of an NV center via nanoscale reconfigurable domain wall motions, we show that NV photoluminescence, spin level energies, and coherence time can be reliably controlled and correlated to the magneto-transport response of a magnetic device. Our results highlight the electrically tunable dipole interaction between NV centers and nanoscale magnetic structures, providing an attractive platform to realize interactive information transfer between spin qubits and non-volatile magnetic memory in hybrid quantum spintronic systems., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures
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- 2023
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66. Shape of extremal functions for weighted Sobolev-type inequalities
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Brock, Friedemann, Chiacchio, Francesco, Croce, Gisella, and Mercaldo, Anna
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Mathematics - Optimization and Control - Abstract
We study the shape of solutions to some variational problems in Sobolev spaces with weights that are powers of |x|. In particular, we detect situations when the extremal functions lack symmetry properties such as radial symmetry and antisymmetry. We also prove an isoperimetric inequality for the first non-zero eigenvalue of a weighted Neumann problem.
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- 2023
67. ConvNets Match Vision Transformers at Scale
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Smith, Samuel L., Brock, Andrew, Berrada, Leonard, and De, Soham
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing - Abstract
Many researchers believe that ConvNets perform well on small or moderately sized datasets, but are not competitive with Vision Transformers when given access to datasets on the web-scale. We challenge this belief by evaluating a performant ConvNet architecture pre-trained on JFT-4B, a large labelled dataset of images often used for training foundation models. We consider pre-training compute budgets between 0.4k and 110k TPU-v4 core compute hours, and train a series of networks of increasing depth and width from the NFNet model family. We observe a log-log scaling law between held out loss and compute budget. After fine-tuning on ImageNet, NFNets match the reported performance of Vision Transformers with comparable compute budgets. Our strongest fine-tuned model achieves a Top-1 accuracy of 90.4%.
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- 2023
68. A Deep Learning Analysis of Climate Change, Innovation, and Uncertainty
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Barnett, Michael, Brock, William, Hansen, Lars Peter, Hu, Ruimeng, and Huang, Joseph
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Economics - General Economics ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
We study the implications of model uncertainty in a climate-economics framework with three types of capital: "dirty" capital that produces carbon emissions when used for production, "clean" capital that generates no emissions but is initially less productive than dirty capital, and knowledge capital that increases with R\&D investment and leads to technological innovation in green sector productivity. To solve our high-dimensional, non-linear model framework we implement a neural-network-based global solution method. We show there are first-order impacts of model uncertainty on optimal decisions and social valuations in our integrated climate-economic-innovation framework. Accounting for interconnected uncertainty over climate dynamics, economic damages from climate change, and the arrival of a green technological change leads to substantial adjustments to investment in the different capital types in anticipation of technological change and the revelation of climate damage severity.
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- 2023
69. TOI-2015b: A Warm Neptune with Transit Timing Variations Orbiting an Active mid M Dwarf
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Jones, Sinclaire E., Stefansson, Gudmundur, Masuda, Kento, Libby-Roberts, Jessica E., Gardner, Cristilyn N., Holcomb, Rae, Beard, Corey, Robertson, Paul, Cañas, Caleb I., Mahadevan, Suvrath, Kanodia, Shubham, Lin, Andrea S. J., Kobulnicky, Henry A., Parker, Brock A., Bender, Chad F., Cochran, William D., Diddams, Scott A., Fernandes, Rachel B., Gupta, Arvind F., Halverson, Samuel, Hawley, Suzanne L., Hearty, Fred R., Hebb, Leslie, Kowalski, Adam, Lubin, Jack, Monson, Andrew, Ninan, Joe P., Ramsey, Lawrence, Roy, Arpita, Schwab, Christian, Terrien, Ryan C., and Wisniewski, John
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
We report the discovery of a close-in ($P_{\mathrm{orb}} = 3.349\:\mathrm{days}$) warm Neptune with clear transit timing variations (TTVs) orbiting the nearby ($d=47.3\:\mathrm{pc}$) active M4 star, TOI-2015. We characterize the planet's properties using TESS photometry, precise near-infrared radial velocities (RV) with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HP) Spectrograph, ground-based photometry, and high-contrast imaging. A joint photometry and RV fit yields a radius $R_p~=~3.37_{-0.20}^{+0.15} \:\mathrm{R_\oplus}$, mass $m_p~=~16.4_{-4.1}^{+4.1}\:\mathrm{M_\oplus}$, and density $\rho_p~=~2.32_{-0.37}^{+0.38} \:\mathrm{g cm^{-3}}$ for TOI-2015b, suggesting a likely volatile-rich planet. The young, active host star has a rotation period of $P_{\mathrm{rot}}~=~8.7 \pm~0.9~\mathrm{days}$ and associated rotation-based age estimate of $1.1~\pm~0.1\:\mathrm{Gyr}$. Though no other transiting planets are seen in the TESS data, the system shows clear TTVs of super period $P_{\mathrm{sup}}~\approx~430\:\mathrm{days}$ and amplitude $\sim$$100\:\mathrm{minutes}$. After considering multiple likely period ratio models, we show an outer planet candidate near a 2:1 resonance can explain the observed TTVs while offering a dynamically stable solution. However, other possible two-planet solutions -- including 3:2 and 4:3 resonance -- cannot be conclusively excluded without further observations. Assuming a 2:1 resonance in the joint TTV-RV modeling suggests a mass of $m_b~=~13.3_{-4.5}^{+4.7}\:\mathrm{M_\oplus}$ for TOI-2015b and $m_c~=~6.8_{-2.3}^{+3.5}\:\mathrm{M_\oplus}$ for the outer candidate. Additional transit and RV observations will be beneficial to explicitly identify the resonance and further characterize the properties of the system., Comment: 29 pages, 15 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
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- 2023
70. 'What Makes You the Boss?' Understanding Student Perceptions of Social Status in Sport Education
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N. Hollett and S. J. Brock
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Student's social status within the context of physical education group work can influence engagement and behaviour during group tasks (Cohen [1994]. Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups. "Review of Educational Research", 64(1), 1-35. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543064001001). According to Bourdieu ([1985]. The forms of capital. In J. G. Richard (Ed.), "Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education" (pp. 241-258)), this phenomenon is due to the group creating a doxa, or hierarchy, of social capital brought forth by each group member. Research shows social status can influence the experiences of students within group tasks, indicating the potential for unequal participation and interactions during group work (Brock et al. [2009]. The influence of student status on student interactions and experiences during a sport education unit. "Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy", 14(4), 355-375. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980802400494; Cohen & Lotan [2014]. "Designing group work: Strategies for the heterogeneous classroom" (3rd ed.). Teachers College Press). In the sport education model, students experience affiliation with their teammates to build their sense of belonging and investment (García López & Kirk [2022]. Empowering children from socially vulnerable backgrounds through the use of roles in sport education. "Sport, Education and Society", 27(6), 676-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2021.1897563; MacPhail et al. [2004]. Sport education: Promoting team affiliation through physical education. "Journal of Teaching in Physical Education", 23(2), 106-122. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.23.2.106). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore students' perceptions of status, roles, and team dynamics while participating in a sport education unit. Participants were eight fifth grade students representing two teams participating in a 20-lesson sport education floor hockey unit. Data collection included individual semi-structured interviews based on critical incidents as stimulated recall from GoPro recorded lessons. Results indicated students perceived their status to be based on their skill ability, used a more passive approach to group discussions to avoid conflict, and expressed frustrations with lack of contributions by teammates. Through transcendental phenomenology, this article reveals the perceptions of students' experiences related to their group identities and socialisation as they participate in physical education group work.
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- 2024
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71. Assembly Required: A Microgenetic Multiple Case Study of Four Students' Assemblages When Learning about Force
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Richard Brock, Keith S. Taber, and D. M. Watts
- Abstract
Some descriptions of learning represent the process as the development of organisations of elements. Various organisations have been proposed, for example, schemata and conceptual structures. Such representations assume that mental entities, such as concepts, are sufficiently stable and differentiated to be treated as units. We discuss these assumptions and propose a new term, assemblages, to refer to a person's activation of two or more conceptual resources in a context. Methodological challenges have resulted in a lack of research that examines how assemblages are formed. This study presents data from a microgenetic, multiple case study of four 16-17-year-old students. The participants were interviewed weekly, using various probes related to forces and motion over six months. We focus on two aspects of the assembly process in our analysis. First, we report data that indicate that participants perceived the units they assembled differently from expert conceptualisations and reflect on the stability of their assemblages. Second, we discuss how participants' expectations about the coherence of knowledge impact their assembly. We propose that future research investigates the stability and boundaries of conceptual resources and suggest teachers and researchers are cautious in assuming that data indicate a conceptual resource is stable or unitary.
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- 2024
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72. Implementing Caregiver Coaching in Early Intervention with Families of Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing
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Aleah S. Brock
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Caregiver coaching is a common component of early intervention services, but providers may be unfamiliar with methods of coaching for families of children who are Deaf or hard of hearing (DHH). This article provides guidance for early interventionists to implement caregiver coaching to facilitate language development in their children who are DHH. While the paper is written mainly for general interventionists who may be less familiar with the special needs of families with children who are DHH, the coaching guidance provided here may also be of value to early intervention providers who routinely serve this population as a model for coaching.
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- 2024
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73. Reconsidering Resistance and Challenges: Teacher Agency during Joint Instructional Inquiry with Literacy Coaches
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Dana A. Robertson, Lauren Breckenridge Padesky, Laurie 'Darian' Thrailkill, Tia Frahm, and Cynthia H. Brock
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This qualitative study examined coach-teacher interactions among eight teachers, one administrator, and three university-based coaches in one rural elementary school. Framed within a theory of agency, we examined videos of coaching interactions as coaches and teachers debriefed and co-planned vocabulary instructional ideas stemming from a yearlong, schoolwide professional learning opportunity. We found that teachers' agentive actions (i.e. intentionality, autonomy, reflectivity, efficacy doubt, principled resistance) were in response coaches' talk that elicited reflection, sought clarification, expanded on instructional suggestions, and affirmed teachers' contributions to coaching conversations. We also found that teachers' challenges or resistance to presented vocabulary principles and literacy practices were not always acknowledged or taken up by the coaches. We conclude that reconsidering how and why teachers resist coaching suggestions might inform how we support and prepare coaches to work with teachers in ways that value and trust their individual contributions and prompt them to act agentively toward continuous improvement.
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- 2024
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74. 'Because the Rules out There Are Different…': A Case Study of Pre-Service Teachers' Experiences in Remote Australian Indigenous Education
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Garth Stahl, Cynthia Brock, Erica Sharplin, David Caldwell, John Young, and Fenice Boyd
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Pre-service teachers are required to become reflective practitioners who can adapt their skills to a range of contexts and the diverse needs of learners. Many consider the practicum experience as critical to forming values and dispositions that are essential to a professional teacher identity. This article focuses on the experiences of five White pre-service teachers who volunteered to teach in remote Indigenous communities in South Australia, specifically the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands, a desert environment in the far northwest of the state. As these pre-service teachers document their experiences, we draw upon Gee's work on identity to gain insights into how they understand the "rules" of their context and their own positionality. Our research reveals the ways privilege can foster possibilities and constraints, which afford certain subject positions for these pre-service teachers. We focus specifically on a prominent theme in their narratives--"authenticity" concerning their conception of teaching and learning.
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- 2024
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75. Providing Support to First-Year Graduate Teaching Assistants: What Do They Really Need?
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Sheri J. Brock, Brenna Cosgrove Miller, Nikki Hollett, Jessica R. Grimes, and Michele Moore
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Purpose: Graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) often play a vital role in the delivery of university programs, yet GTAs may lack pedagogical experience. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of GTAs during their first semester of university teaching. Specifically, we provide a descriptive account of the GTAs' lived experiences and how departments can best prepare GTAs. Method: Four first-year GTAs at a university in the United States participated in the study. Data collection included participant journals, focus group interviews, and individual interviews. Results: Utilizing situated learning theory as a theoretical frame, data sources generated four themes. GTAs reported positive experiences as ample support was provided, expectations were outlined, experiential learning occurred, and confidence increased through the establishment of routines. Discussion/ Conclusion: Findings indicated that GTAs can acclimate to their new universities and responsibilities with guidance, resources, and support.
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- 2024
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76. A Meta-Analysis on Behavioral Support Training and General Education Teacher Implementation
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Mark D. Samudre, Lauren M. LeJeune, Eric J. Anderson, Jacqueline A. Viotto, Matthew E. Brock, and Hannah Nichols
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The success of teachers is tied to their effectiveness in managing student behavior. In this meta-analysis, we identified 49 single-case-design studies that evaluated the effectiveness of teacher training on their implementation of behavioral support strategies. Training was most often provided in a one-on-one format (n = 18) and included ongoing coaching (n = 20). Thirty-three of the 49 designs met What Works Clearinghouse standards with or without reservations. The overall between-case standardized mean difference effect size was d = 1.50. We analyzed and grouped teacher- and student-level outcomes as a result of training into five domains: (a) teacher-delivered praise (d = 1.94), (b) teacher desirable behavior (e.g., treatment fidelity; d = 1.22), (c) teacher undesirable behavior (e.g., reprimands; d = 0.87), (d) student desirable behavior (d = 1.88), and (e) student undesirable behavior (d = 1.22). Across all studies, the combined nonoverlap of all pairs scores ranged from 0.37 to 1.0 (M = 0.866). We discuss future areas of research as well as implications for teacher training in behavioral support implementation.
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- 2024
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77. 'I Didn't Know What Anti-Blackness Was Until I Got Here': The Unmet Needs of Black Students at Hispanic-Serving Institutions
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Pirtle, Whitney N., Brock, Breanna, Aldonza, Nonzenzele, Leke, Kaline, and Edge, Dallas
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Amidst institutional reckonings with anti-blackness, minority-serving institutions (MSIs) are thought to be an intervention. But, how do Black students perceive being served at Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs)? Analyzing focus groups (n= 33), we find Black students perceived anti-blackness at an HSI from: overrepresentation of white personnel in power; lack of culturally attuned and financial support; racially hostile climate; and little solidarity from non-Black Latinx and other peers. We show that HSIs contend with anti-Black institutional embeddedness, too, and argue that the goals of HSIs to serve racially minoritized students will not be achieved unless they address institutional, organizational, and interpersonal anti-Blackness.
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- 2024
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78. Associations of Body Mass Index with Self-Rated Health and Weight Perceptions among Rural Appalachian Adolescent Students
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Brittany M. Kirkpatrick, Kathleen J. Porter, Annie L. Reid, Donna Brock, Theresa H. Markwalter, and Jamie M. Zoellner
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Background: Adolescents with overweight or obesity are at greater risk of having physical and psychosocial consequences. With increased disparities and inadequate literature on prevalence of adolescent weight status in rural Appalachia, there is potential for further complications. Unfortunately, adolescent obesity treatment options are often limited, especially in medically underserved regions. Methods: This cross-sectional study of adolescents at eight rural Appalachian schools examined weight status among and associations between body mass index percentile (BMIp) categories and health-related perceptions and weight-control intentions. Previously validated instruments were utilized. Analyses included independent samples t-tests, ANOVA tests, and chi-squared tests. Results: Of 814 adolescents (ages 11-13; 55.0% girls), BMIp revealed 20.8% overweight, 22.7% obese, and 10.6% severely obese. Adolescents with higher BMIp categories reported poorer self-rated health, inaccurate weight perceptions, and greater weight loss intentions (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Findings, including high prevalence of adolescents with overweight and obesity, emphasize the need for more obesity prevention and treatment options. Schools may be an ideal setting to reach at-risk adolescents and provide obesity prevention and treatment options, especially in medically underserved regions such as rural Appalachia. Opportunities and challenges to apply findings, including school-based obesity programs, are discussed.
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- 2024
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79. A Longitudinal Examination of Mental Health and Marital Functioning of Mothers and Fathers of Autistic Adolescents during COVID-19
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Naomi V. Ekas, Chrystyna D. Kouros, Brock A. Rigsby, Sarah Madison, Julianne Hymel, and Maddy Filippi
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Parents, particularly mothers, of autistic children may be especially vulnerable to the negative effects of COVID-19. The current longitudinal study examined changes in psychological distress (anxiety, depression, stress) and marital functioning of mothers and fathers of autistic children across three time points between April and October 2020, and the extent to which pre-COVID factors predicted changes in these outcomes. Participants were 94 mothers and 58 fathers of autistic children drawn from a larger longitudinal study about family relationships and autistic children's mental health that began prior to the pandemic. Results indicated that mothers reported higher levels of psychological distress compared to fathers in July and October 2020. Although, on average, levels of psychological distress and marital functioning did not significantly change for mothers and fathers, pre-pandemic child functioning and marital satisfaction predicted individual differences in change in marital satisfaction during the pandemic for mothers. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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- 2024
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80. Peer-Mediated Intervention for Socially Isolated Preschoolers: An Early-Stage Feasibility Study
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Tiffany J. Foster, Nan Xiao, G. Logan Pelfrey, Hugo Gonzalez Villasanti, Matthew Brock, and Laura Justice
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Purpose: A common goal of peer-mediated interventions is to train peers to successfully initiate and maintain social and linguistic interactions with a target child in the classroom. Ample evidence indicates that peer-mediated interventions improve social and linguistic outcomes for students in the primary and later grades with developmental disabilities; however, relatively little work has focused on applying these approaches to socially isolated preschoolers who are vulnerable to academic and social challenges. In this early-stage feasibility study, we examined the potential of Promoting Early Engagement, Relationships, and Socialization (PEERS), a peer-mediated intervention designed to support socially isolated preschoolers. The main goal was to consider whether the intervention showed promise for improving the social and linguistic experiences of young, isolated children and was appropriate for implementation in a preschool setting. Method: In one preschool classroom, two peers who were well connected to their classmates were trained via storybook-based activities to provide social support to an isolated classmate. In-person and sensing technology observations were used to examine the target student's incoming peer interactions, outgoing peer interactions, and physical proximity to peers. Results: In-person observations showed a trend toward increased interactions; sensing technology data, which provided longer snapshots of classroom experiences, were more variable. In addition, teachers perceived PEERS to be appropriate and effective. Conclusion: The findings of this study support further investigation of storybook-based peer-mediated interventions in preschool settings to improve the social and linguistic experiences of children who are socially isolated.
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- 2024
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81. Using Performance Feedback with and without Goal Setting on Teachers' Classroom Management Skills
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Caitlin J. Criss, Moira Konrad, Sheila R. Alber-Morgan, Matthew E. Brock, and Angie B. Harris
- Abstract
Although evidence-based practices for improving academic engagement for students with emotional and/or behavioral disorders (EBD) have been identified, many teachers do not implement these practices with optimal fidelity. Thus, effective strategies are needed to improve teacher fidelity. Performance feedback is an effective professional development strategy, but it is unclear whether ancillary strategies like goal setting might further improve fidelity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of email performance feedback with and without goal setting on teacher implementation of opportunities to respond and behavior-specific praise using a multiple probe design. Participants were four general and special educators at a U.S. alternative school for students with EBD. Results indicated that a combination of written performance feedback and goal setting was effective, and that performance feedback alone was also effective. We were unable to determine whether the goal-setting component strengthened the performance feedback. Teachers provided positive feedback about the utility and feasibility of performance feedback with goal setting.
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- 2024
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82. Exploring the Role of Disciplinary Knowledge in Students' Covariational Reasoning during Graphical Interpretation
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Nigar Altindis, Kathleen A. Bowe, Brock Couch, Christopher F. Bauer, and Melissa L. Aikens
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This study investigates undergraduate STEM students' interpretation of quantities and quantitative relationships on graphical representations in biology (population growth) and chemistry (titration) contexts. Interviews (n = 15) were conducted to explore the interplay between students' covariational reasoning skills and their use of disciplinary knowledge to form mental images during graphical interpretation. Our findings suggest that disciplinary knowledge plays an important role in students' ability to interpret scientific graphs. Interviews revealed that using disciplinary knowledge to form mental images of represented quantities may enhance students' covariational reasoning abilities, while lacking it may hinder more sophisticated covariational reasoning. Detailed descriptions of four students representing contrasting cases are analyzed, showing how mental imagery supports richer graphic sense-making. In the cases examined here, students who have a deep understanding of the disciplinary concepts behind the graphs are better able to make accurate interpretations and predictions. These findings have implications for science education, as they suggest instructors should focus on helping students to develop a deep understanding of disciplinary knowledge in order to improve their ability to interpret scientific graphs.
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- 2024
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83. The Development and Validation of the Mutation Criterion Referenced Assessment (MuCRA)
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Chloe Wasendorf, Joshua W. Reid, Rebecca Seipelt-Thiemann, Z. T. Grimes, Brock Couch, Nick T. Peters, Julia Massimelli Sewall, Audrey L. McCombs, Patrick I. Armstrong, and Nancy Boury
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Most biology undergraduates learn about mutations in multiple classrooms throughout their college career. Understanding personalised genome test results, genome editing controversies, and the appearance of new variants of viruses or antibiotic resistant bacteria all require foundational knowledge about mutations. However, the abstract nature of molecular processes surrounding mutations makes them one of the more difficult topics for students to understand and apply. Instructors need valid assessment tools to document student understanding and tailor their instructional methods to address student knowledge gaps. We describe here the development and validation of the Mutations Criterion Referenced Assessment (MuCRA). This formative assessment was developed through an iterative process involving expert feedback and student responses to both open-ended and multiple-choice questions. The final MuCRA is composed of 10 multiple-choice questions aligned with three learning objectives. The item difficulty for each question was between 0.32-0.65, while the discrimination index ranged from 0.31-0.75 and the reliability (KR20) for the MuCRA was 0.69. The congruence analyses demonstrated distractors are capturing student misconceptions in 9/10 questions. These data indicate that the MuCRA can be used to reliably assess student learning and common misconceptions about mutations.
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- 2024
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84. Academic Learning Time in Physical Education (ALT-PE) during an Adapted Tennis Program for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Emily E. Munn, Loriane Favoretto Hill, Danielle M. Lang, Sheri J. Brock, Peter Hastie, and Melissa M. Pangelinan
- Abstract
As the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases, there is a growing need to develop physical activity interventions that address the behavioral challenges experienced by individuals with ASD. Physical education teachers have employed behavioral supports that add more structure and adapt the environment for individuals with ASD, which are associated with increased engagement for individuals with ASD during PE. The purpose of this study was to quantify motor engaged behaviors (i.e. motor appropriate (MA)), motor inappropriate (MI), motor supported (MS) during skill practice in 18 individuals with ASD (ages 7-19 years) participating in an adapted tennis program (ACEing Autism) using the Academic Learning Time in Physical Education (ALT-PE) instrument. Overall, the supports provided during the program may have enabled participants with ASD to spend more time in MA and MS than MI. Indeed, the participants spent over 50% of their time in MA during the program.
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- 2024
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85. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation has no anti-inflammatory effect in diabetes
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Tina Okdahl, Huda Kufaishi, Ditte Kornum, Davide Bertoli, Klaus Krogh, Filip K.Knop, Christian Stevns Hansen, Joachim Størling, Peter Rossing, Birgitte Brock, Asbjørn M. Drewes, and Christina Brock
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Diabetes ,Inflammation ,Vagus nerve stimulation ,Autonomic neuropathy ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Chronic inflammation is associated with diabetes and contributes to the development and progression of micro- and macrovascular complications. Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) has been proposed to reduce levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in non-diabetics by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. We investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of tVNS as a secondary endpoint of a randomized controlled trial in people with diabetes (NCT04143269). 131 people with diabetes (type 1: n = 63; type 2: n = 68), gastrointestinal symptoms and various degrees of autonomic neuropathy were included and randomly assigned to self-administer active (n = 63) or sham (n = 68) tVNS over two successive study periods: (1) Seven days with four daily administrations and, (2) 56 days with two daily administrations. Levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were quantified from blood samples by multiplex technology. Information regarding age, sex, diabetes type, and the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) was included in the analysis as possible confounders. No differences in either cytokine were seen after study period 1 and 2 between active and sham tVNS (all p-values > 0.08). Age, sex, diabetes type, presence of CAN, and baseline levels of inflammatory cytokines were not associated with changes after treatment (all p-values > 0.07). A tendency towards slight reductions in TNF-α levels after active treatment was observed in those with no CAN compared to those with early or manifest CAN (p = 0.052). In conclusion, tVNS did not influence the level of systemic inflammation in people with diabetes.
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- 2024
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86. A new database of building-space-specific internal loads and load schedules for performance based code compliance modeling of commercial buildings
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Ye, Yunyang, Faulkner, Cary A., Jung, Wooyoung, Zhang, Jian, and Brock, Eli
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- 2024
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87. Treatment-Free Interval: A Novel Approach to Assessing Real-World Treatment Effectiveness and Economic Impact Among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea
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Lacy, Brian E., Gagnon-Sanschagrin, Patrick, Heimanson, Zeev, Bungay, Rebecca, Bellefleur, Remi, Guérin, Annie, Bumpass, Brock, Borroto, Danellys, Joseph, George, and Dashputre, Ankur A.
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- 2024
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88. A Systematic Review of Goal Setting and Performance Feedback to Improve Teacher Practice
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Criss, Caitlin J., Konrad, Moira, Alber-Morgan, Sheila R., and Brock, Matthew E.
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- 2024
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89. Distinguishing Nature of Science Beliefs, Knowledge and Understandings: Towards Clarity and Coherence in Educational Goals Related to the Nature of Science
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Brock, Richard and Park, Wonyong
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- 2024
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90. The effects of doxapram and its potential interactions with K2P channels in experimental model preparations
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Elliott, Elizabeth R., Brock, Kaitlyn E., Vacassenno, Rachael M., Harrison, Douglas A., and Cooper, Robin L.
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- 2024
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91. Training Paraeducators to Promote Communication Opportunities for Students with Complex Communication Needs
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Anderson, Eric J., Brock, Matthew E., and Shawbitz, Kara N.
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- 2024
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92. Memory retrieval effects as a function of differences in phenomenal experience
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Schmidt, Austin H. and Kirwan, C. Brock
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- 2024
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93. Knowledge democratization approaches for food systems transformation
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Brock, Samara, Baker, Lauren, Jekums, Amanda, Ahmed, Faris, Fernandez, Margarita, Montenegro de Wit, Maywa, Rosado-May, Francisco J., Méndez, V. Ernesto, Anderson, Colin R., DeClerck, Fabrice, Anderson, Molly D., Bezner Kerr, Rachel, Hoare, Brendan, Wittman, Hannah, Peeters, Amaury, Gubbels, Peter, Stancu, Cerasela, Bellon, Stéphane, Lundgren, Jonathan G., Renduchintala, Swati, Thallam, Vijay, Maland Cady, Jane, and Rogé, Paul
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- 2024
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94. Effect of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide, used as an intracranial pressure lowering agent, on cognition in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
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Grech, Olivia, Mitchell, James L., Lyons, Hannah S., Yiangou, Andreas, Thaller, Mark, Tsermoulas, Georgios, Brock, Kristian, Mollan, Susan P., and Sinclair, Alexandra J.
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- 2024
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95. Communicating difficult news in pediatric radiology
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Ebelhar, Jonathan S. and Brock, Katharine E.
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- 2024
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96. Learning Over Molecular Conformer Ensembles: Datasets and Benchmarks
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Zhu, Yanqiao, Hwang, Jeehyun, Adams, Keir, Liu, Zhen, Nan, Bozhao, Stenfors, Brock, Du, Yuanqi, Chauhan, Jatin, Wiest, Olaf, Isayev, Olexandr, Coley, Connor W., Sun, Yizhou, and Wang, Wei
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Molecular Representation Learning (MRL) has proven impactful in numerous biochemical applications such as drug discovery and enzyme design. While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are effective at learning molecular representations from a 2D molecular graph or a single 3D structure, existing works often overlook the flexible nature of molecules, which continuously interconvert across conformations via chemical bond rotations and minor vibrational perturbations. To better account for molecular flexibility, some recent works formulate MRL as an ensemble learning problem, focusing on explicitly learning from a set of conformer structures. However, most of these studies have limited datasets, tasks, and models. In this work, we introduce the first MoleculAR Conformer Ensemble Learning (MARCEL) benchmark to thoroughly evaluate the potential of learning on conformer ensembles and suggest promising research directions. MARCEL includes four datasets covering diverse molecule- and reaction-level properties of chemically diverse molecules including organocatalysts and transition-metal catalysts, extending beyond the scope of common GNN benchmarks that are confined to drug-like molecules. In addition, we conduct a comprehensive empirical study, which benchmarks representative 1D, 2D, and 3D molecular representation learning models, along with two strategies that explicitly incorporate conformer ensembles into 3D MRL models. Our findings reveal that direct learning from an accessible conformer space can improve performance on a variety of tasks and models., Comment: ICLR 2024
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- 2023
97. Measurement of jet production in deep inelastic scattering and NNLO determination of the strong coupling at ZEUS
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ZEUS Collaboration, Abt, I., Aggarwal, R., Aushev, V., Behnke, O., Bertolin, A., Bloch, I., Brock, I., Brook, N. H., Brugnera, R., Bruni, A., Bussey, P. J., Caldwell, A., Catterall, C. D., Chwastowski, J., Ciborowski, J., Ciesielski, R., Cooper-Sarkar, A. M., Corradi, M., Dementiev, R. K., Dusini, S., Ferrando, J., Foster, B., Gallo, E., Gangadharan, D., Garfagnini, A., Geiser, A., Grzelak, G., Gwenlan, C., Hochman, D., Jomhari, N. Z., Kadenko, I., Karshon, U., Kaur, P., Klanner, R., Klein, U., Korzhavina, I. A., Kovalchuk, N., Kuze, M., Levchenko, B. B., Levy, A., Löhr, B., Lohrmann, E., Longhin, A., Lorkowski, F., Lunghi, E., Makarenko, I., Malka, J., Masciocchi, S., Nagano, K., Nam, J. D., Onishchuk, Yu., Paul, E., Pidhurskyi, I., Polini, A., Przybycień, M., Quintero, A., Ruspa, M., Schneekloth, U., Schörner-Sadenius, T., Selyuzhenkov, I., Shchedrolosiev, M., Shcheglova, L. M., Sherrill, N., Skillicorn, I. O., Słomiński, W., Solano, A., Stanco, L., Stefaniuk, N., Surrow, B., Tokushuku, K., Turkot, O., Tymieniecka, T., Verbytskyi, A., Abdullah, W. A. T. Wan, Wichmann, K., Wing, M., Yamada, S., Yamazaki, Y., Żarnecki, A. F., and Zenaiev, O.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
A new measurement of inclusive-jet cross sections in the Breit frame in neutral current deep inelastic scattering using the ZEUS detector at the HERA collider is presented. The data were taken in the years 2004 to 2007 at a centre-of-mass energy of $318\,\text{GeV}$ and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $347\,\text{pb}^{-1}$. Massless jets, reconstructed using the $k_t$-algorithm in the Breit reference frame, have been measured as a function of the squared momentum transfer, $Q^2$, and the transverse momentum of the jets in the Breit frame, $p_{\perp,\text{Breit}}$. The measured jet cross sections are compared to previous measurements and to perturbative QCD predictions. The measurement has been used in a next-to-next-to-leading-order QCD analysis to perform a simultaneous determination of parton distribution functions of the proton and the strong coupling, resulting in a value of $\alpha_s(M_Z^2) = 0.1142 \pm 0.0017~\text{(experimental/fit)}$ ${}^{+0.0006}_{-0.0007}~\text{(model/parameterisation)}$ ${}^{+0.0006}_{-0.0004}~\text{(scale)}$, whose accuracy is improved compared to similar measurements. In addition, the running of the strong coupling is demonstrated using data obtained at different scales., Comment: 42 pages, 10 figures
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- 2023
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98. In-Hand Cube Reconfiguration: Simplified
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Patidar, Sumit, Sieler, Adrian, and Brock, Oliver
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Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
We present a simple approach to in-hand cube reconfiguration. By simplifying planning, control, and perception as much as possible, while maintaining robust and general performance, we gain insights into the inherent complexity of in-hand cube reconfiguration. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of combining GOFAI-based planning with the exploitation of environmental constraints and inherently compliant end-effectors in the context of dexterous manipulation. The proposed system outperforms a substantially more complex system for cube reconfiguration based on deep learning and accurate physical simulation, contributing arguments to the discussion about what the most promising approach to general manipulation might be. Project website: https://rbo.gitlab-pages.tu-berlin.de/robotics/simpleIHM/, Comment: Accepted at 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
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- 2023
99. Lifting Sylvester equations: singular value decay for non-normal coefficients
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Clouâtre, Raphaël, Klippenstein, Brock, and Slevinsky, Richard Mikaël
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Mathematics - Numerical Analysis ,Mathematics - Operator Algebras ,15A18, 15A24, 15A60, 47A20, 47A62 - Abstract
We aim to find conditions on two Hilbert space operators $A$ and $B$ under which the expression $AX-XB$ having low rank forces the operator $X$ itself to admit a good low rank approximation. It is known that this can be achieved when $A$ and $B$ are normal and have well-separated spectra. In this paper, we relax this normality condition, using the idea of operator dilations. The basic problem then becomes the lifting of Sylvester equations, which is reminiscent of the classical commutant lifting theorem and its variations. Our approach also allows us to show that the (factored) alternating direction implicit method for solving Sylvester equaftions $AX-XB=C$ does not require too many iterations, even without requiring $A$ to be normal., Comment: 17 pagers, 2 figures
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- 2023
100. Dexterous Soft Hands Linearize Feedback-Control for In-Hand Manipulation
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Sieler, Adrian and Brock, Oliver
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Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
This paper presents a feedback-control framework for in-hand manipulation (IHM) with dexterous soft hands that enables the acquisition of manipulation skills in the real-world within minutes. We choose the deformation state of the soft hand as the control variable. To control for a desired deformation state, we use coarsely approximated Jacobians of the actuation-deformation dynamics. These Jacobian are obtained via explorative actions. This is enabled by the self-stabilizing properties of compliant hands, which allow us to use linear feedback control in the presence of complex contact dynamics. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we show the generalization capabilities for a learned manipulation skill to variations in object size by 100 %, 360 degree changes in palm inclination and to disabling up to 50 % of the involved actuators. In addition, complex manipulations can be obtained by sequencing such feedback-skills., Comment: Accepted at 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
- Published
- 2023
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