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Byline: L. Cynober (1,2), E. Lasnier (3), J. Boucher (1), A. Jardel (4), C. Coudray-Lucas (1,3) Keywords: ornithine; [alpha]-ketoglutarate; burn; metabolism; glutamine Abstract: Background Ornithine [alpha]-ketoglutarate (OKG) has proved to be efficient in restoring glutamine (Gln) pools which are strongly depleted in hypercatabolic patients. Since its two components, [alpha]-ketoglutarate ([alpha]KG) and ornithine (Orn), give rise to glutamate (Glu), they are both considered as Gln precursors. The aim of this study was to assess the relative contributions of Orn and [alpha]KG to Gln generation in a rat model of burn injury. Methods Forty-eight young Wistar rats were scalded to give a 20% burn surface area. They were fasted for 24a-h and then refed by enteral nutrition for 48a-h by gavages with Osmolite (Abbott-Ross, 210a-kcal/kg day.sup.--1, 1.18a-N/kg day.sup.--1) supplemented with either 5a-ga-OKG/kg day.sup.--1 (B-OKG), Orn (isomolar to OKG B-Orn), [alpha]KG (isomolar to OKG B-KG) or glycine (as an isonitrogenous control B-Gly). Rats in the B-KG group also received glycine to make all the groups isonitrogenous. Amino acid concentrations were determined in plasma, muscles, jejunal mucosa and liver. Results The [alpha]-KG-enriched diet had no effect on plasma Glu content or plasma and muscle Gln content compared with the burn-injured controls. The Orn-enriched diet significantly increased (pa- Conclusion OKG was more efficient than Orn or [alpha]KG alone in restoring Gln pools in plasma and muscle, which is evidence of metabolic interaction between the two components of this molecule. Author Affiliation: (1) Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition EA2498, Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite Paris Descartes, 4 av. De l'Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France (2) Laboratoire de Biochimie, APHP, Hotel-Dieu, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004, Paris, France (3) Laboratoire de Biochimie A, APHP, Hopital Saint-Antoine, 284 rue du Fbg St-Antoine, 75012, Paris, France (4) UMR-CNRS 6214, UFR Pharmacie, Bd Daviers, 46000, Angers, France Article History: Registration Date: 15/12/2006 Received Date: 29/05/2006 Accepted Date: 14/12/2006 Online Date: 18/01/2007 Article note: Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1007/s00134-006-0511-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The genomic information contained in the AlgU sigma factor-dependent promoters in Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be used for uncovering the genes under a defined sigma factor at a global level. Data also suggest a relationship between mucoidy and lipoprotein expression with proinflammatory implication of the former in cystic fibrosis.

Thirty-five crossbred wethers were used to determine the concentrations of [alpha]-tocopherol in serum and tissues after oral supplementation of six different vitamin E product forms. Five wethers were assigned to each of the following treatments: 1) control, no supplemental vitamin E (C), 2) emulsifiable DL-[alpha]-tocopheryl acetate-dry (Rovimix E-50% SD), 3) nonemulsifiable DL-[alpha]-tocopheryl acetate-dry (Rovimix E-50% Ads), 4) emulsifiable DL-[alpha]-tocopheryl acetate-liquid (Rovimix E-40% Dispersible Liquid Concentrate [DLC]); 5) emulsiflable DL-[alpha]-tocopherol-liquid (Hoffmann-La Roche, E-40% DLC alcohol), 6) micellized DL-[alpha]-tocopheryl acetate-liquid (Bioglan, Inc., E-20%); and 7) micellized DL-[alpha]-tocopherol-liquid (Bioglan, Inc., E-20%). Animals were supplemented daily with 1,000 IU of their respective vitamin E sources for 56 d. Blood samples were collected daily from d 0 to 7 and weekly until d 56. Animals were subsequently killed by exsanguination after stunning and eight different tissues were collected for [alpha]-tocopherol analysis. There were effects of day, treatment, and day x treatment interaction on serum [alpha]-tocopherol. All supplemented groups were higher in serum [alpha]-tocopherol concentration than were the C wethers. The emulsifiable vitamin E alcohol liquid product form (Treatment 5) yielded higher (P < .01) serum [alpha]-tocopherol concentration than the emulsifiable acetate liquid product (Treatment 4). Sheep on Treatment 5 reached maximum concentration on d 1, sheep on Treatment 6 on d 2, and the sheep on the remaining Treatments by d 3. Blood sera [alpha]-tocopherol concentrations stabilized by d 6 in all supplemented groups. Tissue [alpha]-tocopherol concentrations for all treatments were higher than those for C, but there were no differences in tissue [alpha]-tocopherol concentration among supplemented groups, except that Treatment 2 produced higher (P < .05) levels than did Treatment 3 in heart. Across all treatments, the highest [alpha]-tocopherol concentrations were noted in liver and pancreas and the lowest were found in kidney and gluteus medius. In conclusion, all forms of vitamin E tested resulted in relatively similar serum and tissue concentrations of [alpha]-tocopherol and would be considered suitable supplemental forms of the vitamin. Key Words: Vitamin E, Diet, Sheep, Biological Activity, Tissue uptake and retention in sheep supplemented with different forms of vitamin E supplement were evaluated. Peak serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol were generally reached on day 3, although some preparations peaked earlier. Tissue concentrations in all experimental groups was higher than the controls, except for the pancreas and heart. The level of alpha-tocopherol was highest in the liver, followed by the pancreas. Alcohol forms of vitamin E produced higher serum concentrations than acetate products. Either form, however, is satisfactory for supplemental use.