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Complex sampling designs involving features such as stratification, cluster sampling, and unequal selection probabilities are often used in large-scale longitudinal surveys to improve cost-effectiveness and ensure adequate sampling of small or under-represented groups. However, complex sampling designs create challenges when there is a need to account for non-random attrition; a near inevitability in social science longitudinal studies. In this article we discuss these challenges and demonstrate the application of weighting approaches to simultaneously account for non-random attrition and complex design in a large UK-population representative survey. Using an auto-regressive latent trajectory model with structured residuals (ALT-SR) to model the relations between relationship satisfaction and mental health in the Understanding Society study as an example, we provide guidance on implementation of this approach in both R and Mplus is provided. Two standard error estimation approaches are illustrated: pseudo-maximum likelihood robust estimation and Bootstrap resampling. A comparison of unadjusted and design-adjusted results also highlights that ignoring the complex survey designs when fitting structural equation models can result in misleading conclusions.

Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 BC, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2–6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.

EMENDED DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS AURITIDIBACTER YASSIN ET AL. 2011 The genus Auritidibacter is as described by Yassin et al. [1] except that cells may be straight or curvy; morphologically, cells may or may not demonstrate a rod���coccus cycle over time. Motility may be difficult to demonstrate except by the hanging drop method. DNA G+C content of the type strain is 59.3% with a genome size of approx. 2589795 bps by WGS., Published as part of Bernard, K. A., Pacheco, A. L., Burdz, T., Wiebe, D., Beniac, D. R., Hiebert, S. L., Booth, T. F., Jakopp, B., Goldenberger, D., Seth-Smith, H. M. B., Egli, A. & Bernier, A-M, 2020, Emendation of the Genus Auritidibacter Yassin et al. 2011 and Auritidibacter ignavus Yassin et al. 2011 based on features observed from Canadian and Swiss clinical isolates and wholegenome sequencing analysis, pp. 83-88 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003719, http://zenodo.org/record/6048668, {"references":["1. Yassin AF, Hupfer H, Siering C, Klenk HP, Schumann P. Auritidibacter ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov., of the family Micrococcaceae isolated from an ear swab of a man with otitis externa, transfer of the members of the family Yaniellaceae Li et al. 2008 to the family Micrococcaceae and emended description of the suborder Micrococcineae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61: 223 - 230."]}

EMENDED DESCRIPTION OF AURITIDIBACTER IGNAVUS YASSIN ET AL. 2011 Auritidibacter ignavus (ig.na��� vus. L. masc. adj. ignavus inactive). In addition to properties described for the emended genus or as described for A. ignavus by Yassin et al. [1], strains may show the following characteristics: cells measure 1.85��0.45 ��m in length and have a width of 0.44��0.05 ��m. May assimilate substrate at pH 6. Reduction of nitrite not observed. Vogues���Proskauer (acetoin) production, DNase and starch hydrolyses are variable. Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase, esterase, leucine arylamidase and naphthol-AS-BIphosphohydrolase are variable. Isolates may grow at 42 ��C and not at 25 ��C. Isolates neither ferment nor assimilate conventional sugars nor those found in API panels. Using the Biolog panel, isolates may be positive or borderline positive for the utilization of dextrin, L-glutamic acid,L-pyroglutamic acid, p -hydroxyphenylacetic acid, D-galacturonic acid, L-lactic acid, Tween 40, ��- aminobutyric acid, ��-hydroxybutyric acid, ��-hydroxy-DL-butyric acid, ��-ketobutyric acid and acetic acid. In sensitivity tests, tetrazolium dyes may be reduced at pH 6, in 1%, 4%, and 8% NaCl, nalidixic acid, lithium chloride, potassium tellurite, aztreonam, sodium butyrate and sodium bromate. The remaining substrates are variably utilized or not used. Isolates have been obtained from ear infections from patients located in Germany, Switzerland and Canada and detected by DNA sequencing from a bacteremia in Spain. A. ignavus NML 100628 has been deposited in two culture collections (NCTC 14178= LMG 30897) to serve as an additional reference strain for this species. The genomic DNA G+C content of the type strain (A. ignavus DSM 45359 T) is 59.3% with those of other strains ranging from 59.4 to 59.5%., Published as part of Bernard, K. A., Pacheco, A. L., Burdz, T., Wiebe, D., Beniac, D. R., Hiebert, S. L., Booth, T. F., Jakopp, B., Goldenberger, D., Seth-Smith, H. M. B., Egli, A. & Bernier, A-M, 2020, Emendation of the Genus Auritidibacter Yassin et al. 2011 and Auritidibacter ignavus Yassin et al. 2011 based on features observed from Canadian and Swiss clinical isolates and wholegenome sequencing analysis, pp. 83-88 in International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (1) on pages 86-87, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003719, http://zenodo.org/record/6048668, {"references":["1. Yassin AF, Hupfer H, Siering C, Klenk HP, Schumann P. Auritidibacter ignavus gen. nov., sp. nov., of the family Micrococcaceae isolated from an ear swab of a man with otitis externa, transfer of the members of the family Yaniellaceae Li et al. 2008 to the family Micrococcaceae and emended description of the suborder Micrococcineae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 61: 223 - 230."]}

Bernard, K. A., Pacheco, A. L., Burdz, T., Wiebe, D., Beniac, D. R., Hiebert, S. L., Booth, T. F., Jakopp, B., Goldenberger, D., Seth-Smith, H. M. B., Egli, A., Bernier, A-M (2020): Emendation of the Genus Auritidibacter Yassin et al. 2011 and Auritidibacter ignavus Yassin et al. 2011 based on features observed from Canadian and Swiss clinical isolates and wholegenome sequencing analysis. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (1): 83-88, DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003719, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003719

Aveline's Hole is the largest known Early Mesolithic cemetery in Britain, previously thought to have no evidence for subsequent burial activity. Thus, it came as some surprise when the results of a recent ancient human DNA study found that, of four individuals from the site yielding genomic data, two showed high levels of ancestry from Early Neolithic Aegean farmers. Radiocarbon dating confirmed that these two individuals were indeed British Early Neolithic in date, while the other two had the expected 'Western Hunter-Gatherer' ancestry genomic signatures, with the two groups separated in time by nearly five millennia. Moreover, the two Neolithic samples were both crania, while the two Mesolithic samples were long bones. Given the absence of Neolithic dates in the previous sizeable dating programme combined with the difficult history of the collection, i.e., the WWII bombing of its Bristol repository, this raised the question of whether the crania might in fact be from another site. As we show in this paper, a very strong case can be made that the crania do in fact originate from Aveline's Hole. Additional radiocarbon dating (14 in total, including the above mentioned four) suggests that about half the cranial elements from the site fall within the Early Neolithic, though there is still no evidence for the deposition of post-cranial remains at this time, nor is there any burial evidence in the long intervening period between the Early Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic. Intriguingly, craniometric analyses of legacy data including three crania lost in the bombing suggest that one, Aveline's Hole 'A', may be Upper Palaeolithic in date. As part of this re-investigation of the human remains from the site, we present new stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses that differ significantly from those originally reported for the Early Mesolithic, with the new results more in keeping with other isotopic data for this period. We also present new stable carbon and nitrogen isotope results on human remains from the nearby Early Mesolithic sites of Badger Hole and Greylake, and report new Early Mesolithic radiocarbon dates and isotopic data from Cannington Park Quarry. Clear isotopic differences between the Early Mesolithic and the Neolithic remains can be seen, but these are argued to relate primarily to shifts in the underlying ecological baselines, rather than to differences in types of foods consumed (with the caveat that terrestrial wild and domesticated foods will be isotopically similar). The genetic data are summarised, giving evidence not only of the ancestry of Mesolithic and Neolithic individuals from Aveline's Hole, but also suggesting something of their physical appearance. The degree of population replacement now indicated by ancient DNA suggests that there was a substantial migration of farmers into Britain at the start of the Neolithic. This new information demonstrates the archaeological importance of Aveline's Hole for both the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods.

Enquiries and research reveal that many victims of family violence who are personally cross- examined by the alleged perpetrator of that violence in family law proceedings find the process traumatising and intimidating. Not only can such processes generate unsafe and unfair outcomes but also they are unlikely to produce the high quality evidence required by the court. In deference to the emotional wellbeing and vulnerability of these victims, a number of measures for receiving such evidence are available to Australian Family Court judges. However, currently these are all discretionary powers and anecdotal evidence suggests that the use of these tools is unpredictable and dependent on the individual judge. In the absence of empirical evidence, this paper aims to open up potential emotional dimensions of judicial decision-making in this context with a view to exploring these theoretical ideas in later empirical work.