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Introduction. Quality of life and old age are closely related. Aging is perceived as a destructive, progressive, and irreversible process. This process is caused by biological factors related to physical involution as well as psychosocial factors. Elderly people have difficulties related to deteriorating health. Aim. The study aims to determine the quality of life of elderly people with neurological disorders. Material and Methods. The research was conducted in the Lublin Voivodeship, in a group of 111 elderly people diagnosed with neurological diseases. 51.35% of participants were female. The age of the respondents was in the range of 65–95 years. A standardized questionnaire: the WHOQOL-BREF constituted the research tool. Results. In the examined group of patients, the general quality of life was assessed at an average level of 3.11 ± 1.12, and the assessment of health at the level of 2.81 ± 1.00. The respondents rated the highest the environmental domain (57.05 ± 16.23). The social relationship domain was at an average level; 54.00 ± 24.08, while the psychological one was 46.38 ± 13.16. The physical health domain received the lowest scores (44.53 ± 12.42). Conclusions. The self-evaluation of the quality of life completed by elderly people with neurological disorders was at a low level. Marital status differentiated the quality of life in the social domain. The residence of the studied seniors influenced the assessment of their overall quality of life. (JNNN 2019;8(1):11–15)

Cel: Celem artykułu jest nakreślenie praktyk związanych z zakupem kosmetyków oraz ustalenie poziomu wiedzy konsumentek na temat składników kupowanych preparatów kosmetycznych i stosowanych na nich oznaczeń. Metodyka badań: W celu określenia zachowań zakupowych konsumentek na rynku kosmetycznym przeprowadzono badanie metodą ilościową CAWI na grupie 410 kobiet w wieku 18–48 lat. Wyniki badań: Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że wiedza konsumentek na temat składników produktów kosmetycznych oraz stosowanych na nich oznaczeń wzrosła na przestrzeni lat, nadal jednak pozostaje na przeciętnym poziomie. Wnioski: Zebrane dane i wysnute na ich podstawie wnioski pozwalają na wskazanie najbardziej adekwatnych narzędzi marketingowych użytecznych na rynku produktów kosmetycznych dla grupy konsumenckiej młodych kobiet. Wkład w rozwój dyscypliny: Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły na diagnozę postaw konsumenckich kobiet na współczesnym rynku kosmetycznym, oferującym nowe, innowacyjne produkty, oraz wskazanie rekomendacji dla działalności rynkowej producentów produktów kosmetycznych.

Agronomic treatments and environmental conditions of cultivation affect the nutritional value and technological quality of durum-wheat-based products. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 18 agronomic treatments that differed in nitrogen rate, sowing density, and growth regulator application on variability in the quality and milling parameters of durum wheat grain, and the interrelationships between these parameters. The study demonstrated that the investigated parameters were modified by the agronomic treatments. However, environmental variance resulting from differences in soil characteristics and climatic conditions dominated in most cases (44–93%). The percentage of variance induced by differences between treatments in total variance was distinctly higher only in the case of the gluten index (59%). The treatments without nitrogen fertilization and with or without the application of the growth regulator, and the treatments with the application of the growth regulator and the nitrogen rate of 120 kg N ha−1, discriminated between the milling parameters associated with sifting (bran, type 1 semolina) and grading of milling products (flour, type 2 semolina, and type 3 semolina), respectively.

B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway components represent promising treatment targets in multiple B-cell malignancies including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In in vitro and in vivo model systems, a subset of DLBCLs depend upon BCR survival signals and respond to proximal BCR/phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) blockade. However, single-agent BCR pathway inhibitors have had more limited activity in patients with DLBCL, underscoring the need for indicators of sensitivity to BCR blockade and insights into potential resistance mechanisms. Here, we report highly significant transcriptional upregulation of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in BCR-dependent DLBCL cell lines and primary tumors following chemical spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibition, molecular SYK depletion or chemical PI3K blockade. SYK or PI3K inhibition also selectively upregulated cell surface CXCR4 protein expression in BCR-dependent DLBCLs. CXCR4 expression was directly modulated by fork-head box O1 via the PI3K/protein kinase B/forkhead box O1 signaling axis. Following chemical SYK inhibition, all BCR-dependent DLBCLs exhibited significantly increased stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) induced chemotaxis, consistent with the role of CXCR4 signaling in B-cell migration. Select PI3K isoform inhibitors also augmented SDF-1α induced chemotaxis. These data define CXCR4 upregulation as an indicator of sensitivity to BCR/PI3K blockade and identify CXCR4 signaling as a potential resistance mechanism in BCR-dependent DLBCLs.

Markers of systemic inflammation and bacterial infection such as C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin are commonly evaluated parameters in everyday medical practice. They are useful in quick assessment of patients condition, and the utility of CRP and procalcitonin as a marker of infection has been confirmed. An ideal marker of an inflammatory reaction should take into account many features. It should be remembered that we can not always choose one, more valuable biomarker. Interpretation of the results depends on numerous factors such as clinical status, weight and age. Both markers have their limitations. Early inflammatory disease diagnosis, properly implemented effective antibiotic therapy can contribute to the reduction of mortality.

The chemical composition of surface water and groundwater is subject to constant changes, which result primarily from meteorological factors (for instance, size and intensity of atmospheric precipitation), hydrological factors (for instance, the degree of hydration of the mountain massif and changes in river flows), and geological-lithological factors (the type of bedrock). The aim of the present research was to examine the hydrological and chemical regime of surface and underground waters in the Bystra and Sucha Woda mountain stream catchments. Between December 2013 and December 2016, 77 series of measurements were collected at the rhythm of twice a month (n = 611 water samples) from 8 sites, which represented both surface waters (watercourses, ponds) and underground waters (karst springs). The studied area possesses very distinct geological duality. The southern part is a crystalline region, and the northern part is made up of sedimentary rocks. During the field studies, the following have been measured: water levels of the watercourses, flow rates, and physicochemical characteristics of water, such as electrical conductivity, pH and water temperature. At the same time, water samples were collected for laboratory analyses, which included general mineralization and concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3 –, SO42–, Cl–, NH4+, PO43–, NO3–, Li+, Br– i F– ions. The geological structure had the greatest impact on the chemical composition of waters in the Bystra stream and Sucha Woda stream catchments. The waters representing the crystalline region were characterized by significantly lower total mineralization, lower specific electrical conductivity, and lower ion concentration than water in the crystalline-sedimentary (karst) region. The average value of total mineralization in the crystalline region was 14.3 mg • dm–3, and in the crystalline-sedimentary region – 81.2 mg • dm–3. The waters in the crystalline region were characterized by a demonstrably lower pH (average pH of 6.5) than the water in the karst region (average pH of 7.7). Low values of mineralization, electrical conductivity and concentration of main ions were accompanied by increased flows during the summer and autumn. In all the waters subjected to testing, there was also a marked decrease in the value of these parameters during the spring thaw. In the feeding of streams and karst springs during this time, slightly mineralized melt-waters had their significant share. In spring, there was also the greatest variation in the chemical composition of the studied waters. This variability was clearly lower in the lower Bystra karst spring than in the Goryczkowa karst string. It was most likely related to a different rate of melt-water inflow to the two karst springs. In all the tested waters, the highest values of total mineralization, electrical conductivity and concentration of main ions occurred during the winter low discharge, which resulted from the predominance of underground feed in the river’s runoff. In all the studied waters, a clear decrease in NO3– concentration was observed during the summer and autumn months. Most probably, this was associated with increased NO3 – uptake by plants during the growing season. In the waters of streams draining the crystalline part of the Bystra stream catchment there was clearly lower nitrate concentration than in the Bystra stream waters draining the crystalline-sedimentary (karst) part. The chemical composition of the Bystra stream water, draining the crystalline-sedimentary (karst) part of the catchment, was strictly dependent on the chemical composition of groundwater from the Goryczkowy and lower Bystra karst springs.

Introduction: Aging is currently a process that is progressing significantly, in which modern medicine and leading a healthy lifestyle are important factors. Unfortunately, age is most often associated with a deteriorating state of health. The gradual reduction of biological reserves in people over 65 years of age reduces the response to pathogens and triggers the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms characteristic of aging. Objective: Assess the health of patients over 65in selected hospital wards. Materials and methods:The study was conducted among 142 patients over 65 years of age, who were hospitalized in the following wards: Neurology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Internal Medicine,atSamodzielnyPublicznySzpitalKliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie[Independent Public Clinical Hospital No. 4 in Lublin] and 1 WojskowySzpitalKliniczny z Polikliniką w Lublinie[Military Clinical Hospital No. 1 with the Polyclinic in Lublin]between December 2015 and May 2016. Results: Better performance is statistically more common for people below 75 years of age, living alone, taking 1-2 medication(s),as well as not having neurological/rheumatic diseases or mental disorders. Lower scores, indicating better functional capacity in each of the areas, were recorded for younger people. Conclusions: 1. Functional capacityin patients over 65 with relation of basic life activities differs significantly. 2. Patients over 65 who are in selected hospital wards are mostly at varied risk of falling and risk of malnutrition. 3. Mental and psychiatric state is normal in most patients over 65 years of age. 4. Patients show reduced functional capacity in all NOSGER areas. 5. Health status in respondents is significantly affected by: old age, systematic intake of 5 and more medications per day, as well as neurological/rheumatic diseases and mental disorders.

Introduction: The changes that have occurred in the obstetrics in the last years are not only culturally conditioned, but they also constitute the sum of experiences of many generations of the women in labour. The change of a labour management style and the partner’s presence at that time is the result of variable expectations of women as well as the courage and determination of representatives of medical professions. When both partners are aware and active during the labour, a mother has the comfort of giving a birth in the sense of safety, and the father feels the full acceptance of a child as it eliminates the fear of physical contact with a baby. Objectives: The objective of this work is to know the opinion of women about the support person during labour. Materials and methods: The anonymous surveys were used as the research method. The study involved 187 women in labour, after the family labour in the average age of 29 ± 10 years. It was directed at the women after the family labour to know their opinion about the role of a support person during labour. Results: The conducted analysis has proved that the couples make decision together as to the family labour 59.4%. The factors that influence on this decision are the following to stay together (53.5%) and to provide the sense of safety (38.5%). According to 87.7% of the surveyed, the major type of the partner’s activity during the labour was his emotional support. 90.9% of the women confirm their partner would participate during the another labour again. Conclusions: 1.The decision about the family labour is made together by both partners. 2.Because of the partner’s presence during a labour, there are more chances for the better relationship of a man with his child in the future. 3.The major motivation for the man’s presence during the labour is to provide the sense of safety to his woman in labour.

Introduction: Ischemic cerebral stroke is one of the leading causes of disability among people after 40 years of age. The progress in the field of neurology associated with establishing specialist stroke units and stroke rehabilitation centers caused an improvement in prognosis in patients who suffered cerebral stroke. An increased effort to expedite access to procedures in the field of teriatry prophylaxis has been observed, with concomitant assessment of their effectiveness to improve quality of life among patients suffering from vascular event. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was the assessment of effectiveness of applied physiotherapeutic and kinesitherapy treatment in the aspect of improving acute motor deficit and overall quality of life among patients after ischemic cerebral stroke Materials and methods: The studied group was comprised of 50 patients hospitalised in both the Orthopedics and Rehabilitation Department at the Independent Public District Hospital in Poniatowa and the Rehabilitation Ward of the Independent Public Health Care Unit at the. DrWojciechOczka Hospital in Bełżyce. The study was perfomed with the use of survey questionnaire, participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. Results: The majority of patients who suffered stroke report an improvement in their health after introduced physiotherapy treatment. There were no statistically significant differences between observed degree of improvement and types of concomitant diseases, the fact whether it was a first or an another vascular event or the type of a stroke. The study showed no significant correlation between helath improvement and form of performed physiotherapy treatments, the place of rehabilitation and the type of orthopedic medical supplies being used. Conclusions: The majority of patients from studied group (92%), who suffered a cerebral stroke report general improvement in their overall health (both in its physical and mental aspect) as a result of introduced physiotherapeutic treatment.

Introduction: The skin of modern people is exposed daily to a number of irritants like stress, consequences of inadequate diet, exposure to chemicals and plastics. Those factors can pose a challenge not only for delicate skin of a child, or a woman, but also for more resistant skin of men. Every type of complexion requires individual care, adjusted to different conditions and life circumstances. The choice of proper skin care products should be based on basic skin type and also one's gender. Objectives: Evaluation of differences in students' knowledge about skin care in relation to their gender. Material and methods: Evaluation of students' knowledge concerning proper skin care guidelines was conducted among 210 students (150 women and 60 men) using anonymous survey. Results: Majority of male respondents determined their skin type as a normal one (56.6%), majority of female respondents as a combination type (51.3%). Men in contrast to women are more often unable to evaluate the type of their own skin (16.7% vs 4.0%). Acne was the most common skin condition students of both sexes complained about. Daily skin care activities are performed by 96.6% interviewed women and 63.3% men. The regular use of face skin care products was reported by 87.3% of women and 31.6% of men. Conclusions: 1. Majority of women evaluate their basic skin type as combination one, most men regarded their skin type as normal . 2. Women more often than men take care of their skin and use adequate skin care products. 3. Facial moisturizing lotion is the most frequently chosen skin care product by both women and men.

Background. Recurrences are the main cause of failure in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. The outcome depends both on the success of treatment of the primary tumour and the procedure used to treat the recurrence. Objectives. Evaluation of the incidence of recurrences in patients treated surgically for laryngeal cancer during a 5-year follow-up. Material and methods . The study group consisted of 123 patients treated for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical treatment was used in all patients. Total laryngectomy was conducted in 85 (69.1%) patients, while endoscopic laser resection of the tumour was conducted in 38 (30.9%) patients. Results . Local recurrence occurred in 15 (12.2%) patients, lymph node recurrence occurred in 10 (8.1%) patients, and local and lymph node recurrence occurred in 8 (6.5%) patients. In total, recurrences occurred in 33 (26.8%) patients, and distant metastases occurred in 15 (12.2%) patients. The incidence of recurrences during the 5-year follow-up increased significantly with the increase of the T feature (p = 0.02), N feature (p = 0.01), stage of clinical progression (p = 0.003), and histological malignancy G stage (p = 0.002). The incidence of recurrences also depended on the origin of the cancer. In the glottic area, recurrences were significantly less frequent than in the epiglottic area (p = 0.009). Multiple factor analysis revealed that the presence of recurrences (p < 0.00001) was an important independent prognostic factor in the investigated group of patients with laryngeal cancer during the follow-up. Conclusions . Recurrences most often occur in patients with an epiglottic tumour at stages T3 and T4 of local progression, patients with metastases to lymph nodes, patients at stages III and IV of clinical progression, and patients with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (G3). Patients with local recurrences have a significantly worse prognosis than those without recurrences. The presence of recurrences is an important independent prognostic factor.

Michalczak Magdalena, Bojarczuk Katarzyna, Smoleń Agata. Najczęstsze choroby przeciążeniowe występujące u osób uprawiających balet = The most common disease occurring in the overload of people practicing balet. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):630-639. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60829 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3777 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016. Najczęstsze choroby przeciążeniowe występujące u osób uprawiających balet The most common disease occurring in the overload of people practicing balet Magdalena Michalczak, Katarzyna Bojarczuk, Agata Smoleń Katedra i Zakład Epidemiologii i Metodologii Badań Klinicznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: choroby przeciążeniowe; balet; urazy sportowe. Key words: disease overload; ballet; sports injuries. Abstrakt Wprowadzenie: Przeciążenia narządu ruchu u osób uprawiających balet niewątpliwie przyczyniają się do powstawania wielu chorób. Popularność medialna sportu, pogoń za rekordami, zwiększanie obciążeń treningowych do granic wytrzymałości organizmu doprowadziły do wzrostu liczby tzw. urazów sportowych. Po latach treningów dochodzi do degeneracji stawów i struktur kostnych, co objawia się bólem oraz ograniczeniami ruchów. Jak wykazują statystyki u zawodowych sportowców dysfunkcja stawów stanowi często problem już po 30-40 roku życia. Przyczyną są nie tyle urazy, co zużycie stawów związane z dużymi obciążeniami podczas treningu i zawodów. Cel pracy: Przedstawienie najczęściej występujących chorób przeciążeniowych narządu ruchu u osób uprawiających balet. Materiał i metody: Metodą badawczą była analiza i krytyka piśmiennictwa. Przedmiotem metody jest literatura medyczna z zakresu ortopedii i rehabilitacji. Stan wiedzy: Przeciążenia narządu ruchu zarówno statyczne jak i dynamiczne są najczęstszą przyczyną dolegliwości bólowych stawów kończyn dolnych. To właśnie powtarzające się przeciążenia doprowadzają do powstawania zmian zwyrodnieniowych oraz przyczyniają się do urazów mechanicznych tkanek miękkich (więzadeł, mięśni, torebki stawowej). Podsumowanie: Najczęstszymi chorobami wywołanymi przeciążeniami narządu ruchu są głównie: uszkodzenia łąkotek kolana, przewlekłe nawrotowe zapalenie torebki maziowej, zapalenie kaletek maziowych, uraz więzadeł pobocznych, uraz więzadeł krzyżowych, jałowa martwica guzowatości piszczeli oraz uszkodzenie ścięgna Achillesa. Abstract Introduction: Overload musculoskeletal patients practicing ballet undoubtedly contribute to the formation of many diseases. Popularity media sport, chasing records, increasing training loads to the limits of the body led to an increase in the number of so-called. sports injuries. After years of training, degeneration of joints and bony structures, resulting in pain and restricted movement. As shown by statistics from professional athletes joint dysfunction is a common problem after 30-40 years of age. The reason is not so much trauma that wear the joints associated with heavy loads during training and competition. Objective: Presentation of the most common diseases of musculoskeletal overload in people practicing ballet. Material and Methods: The research method was the analysis and critique of literature. The subject of the method is the medical literature in the field of orthopedics and rehabilitation. State of the art: Overload musculoskeletal both static and dynamic are the most common cause of pain in the joints of the lower limbs. It was repeated overload lead to the formation of degenerative changes and contribute to the mechanical trauma of soft tissues (ligaments, muscle, joint capsule). Summary: The most common diseases caused by overload the musculoskeletal system are mainly damaged meniscus knee, chronic recurrent inflammation of bursitis, inflammation of the bursae, trauma collateral ligament, cruciate ligament injury, avascular necrosis of the tibial tuberosity and damage to the Achilles tendon.

Michalczak Magdalena, Bojarczuk Katarzyna, Smoleń Agata. Stosowanie zabiegów fizjoterapeutycznych u osób uprawiających balet po urazie sportowym oraz przeciążeniach narządu ruchu = The use of physical therapy in people practicing ballet trauma and sports overload the musculoskeletal system. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(7):640-651. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60867 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3783 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 02.07.2016. Revised 25.07.2016. Accepted: 28.07.2016. Stosowanie zabiegów fizjoterapeutycznych u osób uprawiających balet po urazie sportowym oraz przeciążeniach narządu ruchu The use of physical therapy in people practicing ballet trauma and sports overload the musculoskeletal system Magdalena Michalczak, Katarzyna Bojarczuk, Agata Smoleń Katedra i Zakład Epidemiologii i Metodologii Badań Klinicznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: przeciążenie tkanek, balet, urazy sportowe. Keywords: overload tissue, ballet, sports injuries. Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Każdy sportowiec poddawany jest obciążeniom. Są to obciążenia psychiczne i fizyczne i wzajemnie ze sobą powiązane. Zmiany stanu wytrenowania i poziomu formy sportowej, a także rozwój sportowy zawodnika to efekt długotrwałych zmian adaptacyjnych w organizmie człowieka pod wpływem treningu. Cel pracy: Ocena jakie zabiegi fizjoterapeutyczne najczęściej stosowane były u pacjentów po przebytym urazie sportowym Materiał i metody: Analizę przeprowadzono na losowo wybranych respondentach z grupy wiekowej od 12 do 38 roku życia, zamieszkałych na terenie województwa lubelskiego. Łącznie badaniem objęto grupę 20 osób. Wyniki: Proces patologii tkanek i urazów sportowych dotyczy 90% ankietowanych. 90% ankietowanych trening zawsze rozpoczyna od rozgrzewki, natomiast 10% badanych odpowiedziało, że czasami nie rozpoczynają treningu od rozgrzewki. Rehabilitacji po przeciążeniu tkanek objętych było 75%, przy czym w przychodni ambulatoryjnej rehabilitowanych jest 60% ankietowanych. W mniejszym stopniu pacjenci korzystają z usprawniania w domu - 10% badanych. Najczęściej stosowanym zabiegiem była kinezyterapia - 75%. Masaż leczniczy również został uznany za często stosowany zabieg w patofizjologii tkanek - 15%. Rzadziej stosowanymi zabiegami okazały się prądy galwaniczne - 5% oraz ultradźwięki - 5%. U znacznej większości osób ankietowanych – 75% nie występowały choroby współistniejące. Wnioski: W badaniach stwierdzono wysoki odsetek osób, u których występują przeciążenia tkanek oraz urazy stawów, które spowodowane są zbyt częstym i długotrwałym treningom - 90% badanych. U znacznej większości osób badanych nie występowały choroby współistniejące, które mogłyby dodatkowo wpływać na powstawanie urazów tak jak np. osteoporoza - 75% osób ankietowanych. Summary Introduction: Every athlete is subjected to loads. These are the mental and physical load and interrelated. Changes in the level of training and sports form, as well as the development of a sports player is the result of long-term adaptive changes in the human body under the influence of training. Aim: To what physiotherapy treatments most commonly been used in patients with a history of trauma sports Material and Methods: The analysis was conducted on randomly selected respondents from the age group of 12 to 38 years of age, residing in the Lublin province. In total, the study involved a group of 20 people. Results: The process of pathology and tissue sports injuries applies to 90% of respondents. 90% of respondents training always starts with a warm-up, while 10% of respondents answered that they sometimes do not start training warm-up. Rehabilitation after overload tissues were covered by 75%, while in outpatient rehabilitation clinic is 60% of the respondents. To a lesser extent, patients benefit from the improvement in the home - 10% of respondents. The most commonly used procedure was physiotherapy - 75%. Therapeutic massage has also been recognized as a frequently used treatment in the pathophysiology of tissue - 15%. Less commonly used treatments proved to galvanic currents - 5%, and ultrasound - 5%. The vast majority of respondents - 75%, there were no comorbidities. Conclusions: The study found a high percentage of people who experience an overload of tissue and joint injuries, which are caused by too frequent and prolonged workouts - 90% of respondents. The vast majority of the subjects did not occur concomitant diseases, which could further affect the formation of injuries such as, eg. Osteoporosis - 75% of the polled.

Bojarczuk Katarzyna, Lewicki Marcin, Michalczak Magdalena, Smoleń Agata. Ocena wiedzy studentów na temat zasad pielęgnacji cery = Evaluation of students' knowledge about skin care. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(6):661-676. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60816 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3775 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.05.2016. Revised 25.06.2016. Accepted: 28.06.2016. Ocena wiedzy studentów na temat zasad pielęgnacji cery Evaluation of students' knowledge about skin care Katarzyna Anna Bojarczuk, Marcin Lewicki, Magdalena Michalczak, Agata Smoleń Katedra i Zakład Epidemiologii i Metodologii Badań Klinicznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: skóra; pielęgnacja cery; wiedza studentów. Key words: skin; skin care; knowledge of students. Abstrakt Wprowadzenie. Skóra pełni różnorodne funkcje, więc ważne jest poznanie i zrozumienie jej budowy oraz właściwości. Wiedza na jej temat stanowi podstawę do oceny stanu skóry i jej odpowiedniej pielęgnacji, dostosowanej do rodzaju, poszczególnych okoliczności i warunków życiowych. Cel pracy. Ocena wiedzy studentów na temat zasad pielęgnacji cery. Materiał i metody. Metodą badawczą były anonimowe badania ankietowe umożliwiające uzyskanie od respondentów danych o ich wiedzy na temat zasad pielęgnacji cery. W badaniu wzięło udział 210 studentów. Wyniki. Większość respondentów oceniło swoją cerę jako mieszaną – 39%. Najczęstszym problemem występującym u młodych dorosłych jest trądzik – 45%. Zdecydowana większość ankietowanych – 87% deklaruje codzienne dbanie o swoją cerę. Przy wyborze kosmetyków badani kierują się przede wszystkim cerą – 39%. Najczęściej stosowanym kremem jest krem nawilżający- 69%. Aż 96% respondentów posiada wiedzę na temat wpływu diety, nałogów oraz odpowiedniego nawodnienia na wygląd skóry, ale 32% nie stosuje kosmetyków zawierających filtry UV. Głównym źródłem źródłem informacji na temat kosmetyków pielęgnacyjnych dla badanych jest internet - 73%. Swoją wiedzę na temat prawidłowej pielęgnacji skóry jako dobrą ocenia 54% osób. Wnioski: 1. Większość ankietowanych dba o swoją cerę codziennie, stosując kosmetyki pielęgnacyjne do twarzy. 2. Najczęściej stosowanym kremem pielęgnacyjnym do twarzy wśród studentów jest krem nawilżający. 3. Używanie kosmetyków pielęgnacyjnych pozwala badanym przede wszystkim utrzymać dobry wygląd skóry oraz dobrze się czuć. 4. Większości badanych zwraca uwagę na swój wygląd zewnętrzny. 5. Internet jest dla studentów głównym źródłem wiedzy na temat kosmetyków pielęgnacyjnych. Abstract Background: The skin performs various functions, that is why it is crucial to understand its structure and properties. These information form the basis of skin condition evaluation and guidelines for proper skin care, adjusted in accordance with persons basic skin type, particular circumstances and living conditions. Objectives: Evaluation of students' knowledge about rules of skin care. Material and methods: Evaluation of students' knowledge concerning proper skin care guidelines was conducted among 210 students using anonymous survey. Results: Majority of respondents determined their skin type as a combination one – 39%. Acne is regarded as the most often occurring skin condition among young adults - 45%. Significant number of interviewees - 87% report performing daily skin care activities. The choice of skin care products is determined mainly by skin type - 39%. Moisturizing cream is among the most widely used cosmetic cream - 69%. As many as 96% of respondents have knowledge about the influence of diet, addictions, and adequate hydratation on skin appearance, yet 32% do not use cosmetics with UV filters. The main source of source of information on skin care for the test is the internet - 73%. Their knowledge about proper skin care as a good estimated 54%.

Bojarczuk Katarzyna, Lewicki Marcin, Michalczak Magdalena, Smoleń Agata. Ocena stopnia natężenia odczuwanego bólu u pacjentów po endoprotezoplastyce stawu biodrowego przed i po operacji = Assessment of patients joint pain before and following total hip replacement surgery. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(6):645-660. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60775 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3773 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 25.05.2016. Revised 25.06.2016. Accepted: 28.06.2016. Ocena stopnia natężenia odczuwanego bólu u pacjentów po endoprotezoplastyce stawu biodrowego przed i po operacji Assessment of patients joint pain before and following total hip replacement surgery Katarzyna Bojarczuk, Marcin Lewicki, Magdalena Michalczak, Agata Smoleń Katedra i Zakład Epidemiologii i Metodologii Badań Klinicznych Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Słowa kluczowe: endoprotezoplastyka; natężenie bólu; rehabilitacja pooperacyjna; skala VAS. Key words: arthroplasty; pain intensity; postoperative rehabilitation; VAS scale. Abstrakt Wprowadzenie Endoprotezoplastyka (alloplastyka) jest powszechnie przyjętym standardem leczenia w przypadku destrukcji stawu. Po zabiegu wszczepienia endoprotezy zalecane jest wdrożenie działań rehabilitacyjnych, celem szybszego odzyskania przez pacjenta prawidłowego zakresu ruchu, oraz potencjalnej pełnej sprawności w wyniku zmniejszenia dolegliwości bólowych. Cel pracy Ocena stopnia natężenia bólu u pacjentów po endoprotezoplastyce stawu biodrowego przed i po operacji. Materiał i metoda Anonimowe badania ankietowe na temat stopnia natężenia odczuwanego bólu przed i po endoprotezoplastyce stawu biodrowego przeprowadzono u 40 pacjentów Oddziału Ortopedii i Rehabilitacji 1-go Wojskowego Szpitala Klinicznego w Lublinie. Wszystkich chorych objęto programem wczesnego usprawniania pooperacyjnego. Wyniki Przed operacją 40 osób (100%) odczuwało występowanie dolegliwości bólowych stawu biodrowego, natomiast po operacji i przeprowadzonej dwutygodniowej rehabilitacji dolegliwości bólowe odczuwało 13 osób (32,5%). Przed operacją natężenie bólu ocenianego przy pomocy skali VAS wynosiło przeciętnie 9 pkt. W wyniku leczenia odczucia bólowe znacznie się zmniejszyły – Me=0 (p

ABSTRACT The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans requires respiratory function for normal growth, morphogenesis, and virulence. Mitochondria therefore represent an enticing target for the development of new antifungal strategies. This possibility is bolstered by the presence of characteristics specific to fungi. However, respiration in C. albicans, as in many fungal organisms, is facilitated by redundant electron transport mechanisms, making direct inhibition a challenge. In addition, many chemicals known to target the electron transport chain are highly toxic. Here we made use of chemicals with low toxicity to efficiently inhibit respiration in C. albicans. We found that use of the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and of the alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) prevents respiration and leads to a loss of viability and to cell wall rearrangements that increase the rate of uptake by macrophages in vitro and in vivo. We propose that treatment with SNP plus SHAM (SNP+SHAM) leads to transcriptional changes that drive cell wall rearrangement but which also prime cells to activate the transition to hyphal growth. In line with this, we found that pretreatment of C. albicans with SNP+SHAM led to an increase in virulence. Our data reveal strong links between respiration, cell wall remodeling, and activation of virulence factors. Our findings demonstrate that respiration in C. albicans can be efficiently inhibited with chemicals that are not damaging to the mammalian host but that we need to develop a deeper understanding of the roles of mitochondria in cellular signaling if they are to be developed successfully as a target for new antifungals. IMPORTANCE Current approaches to tackling fungal infections are limited, and new targets must be identified to protect against the emergence of resistant strains. We investigated the potential of targeting mitochondria, which are organelles required for energy production, growth, and virulence, in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Our findings suggest that mitochondria can be targeted using drugs that can be tolerated by humans and that this treatment enhances their recognition by immune cells. However, release of C. albicans cells from respiratory inhibition appears to activate a stress response that increases the levels of traits associated with virulence. Our results make it clear that mitochondria represent a valid target for the development of antifungal strategies but that we must determine the mechanisms by which they regulate stress signaling and virulence ahead of successful therapeutic advance.

Diminished overall survival rate of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients treated with a combination regimen of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) has been recently linked to recurrent somatic mutations activating FOXO1. Despite of the clinical relevance of this finding, the molecular mechanism driving resistance to R-CHOP therapy remains largely unknown. Herein, we investigated the potential role of FOXO1 in the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab, the only targeted therapy included in the R-CHOP regimen. We found CD20 transcription is negatively regulated by FOXO1 in NHL cell lines and in human lymphoma specimens carrying activating mutations of FOXO1. Furthermore, both the expression of exogenous mutants of FOXO1 and the inhibition of AKT led to FOXO1 activation in lymphoma cells, increased binding to MS4A1 promoter and diminished CD20 expression levels. In contrast, a disruption of FOXO1 with CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing (sgFOXO1) resulted in CD20 upregulation, improved the cytotoxicity induced by rituximab and the survival of mice with sgFOXO1 tumors. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of FOXO1 activity in primary samples upregulated surface CD20 levels. Importantly, FOXO1 was required for the downregulation of CD20 levels by the clinically tested inhibitors of BTK, SYK, PI3K and AKT. Taken together, these results indicate for the first time that the AKT-unresponsive mutants of FOXO1 are important determinant of cell response to rituximab-induced cytotoxicity, and suggest that the genetic status of FOXO1 together with its transcriptional activity need further attention while designing anti-CD20 antibodies based regimens for the therapy of pre-selected lymphomas.