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Background Home blood pressure is a more accurate prognosticator than office blood pressure and allows the observation of day‐to‐day blood pressure variability. Information on blood pressure change during the life course links the prediction of blood pressure elevation with age. We prospectively assessed age‐related trends in home blood pressure, home pulse rate, and their day‐to‐day variability evaluated as a coefficient of variation. Methods and Results We examined 1665 participants (men, 36.0%; mean age, 56.2 years) from the general population of Ohasama, Japan. A repeated‐measures mixed linear model was used to estimate the age‐related trends. In a mean of 15.9 years, we observed 5438 points of measurements including those at baseline. The home systolic blood pressure linearly increased with age and was higher in men than in women aged 40 years. However, an U‐shaped age‐related trend in day‐to‐day diastolic blood pressure variability with the nadir point at 65 to 69 years of age was observed. No significant sex differences in the day‐to‐day blood pressure variability were observed ( P ≥0.22). The average and day‐to‐day variability of home pulse rate decreased with age but were lower and higher, respectively, in men than in women. Conclusions The current descriptive data are needed to predict future home blood pressure and pulse rate. The data also provide information on the mechanism of day‐to‐day blood pressure and pulse rate variability.

Direct current (DC) cardioversion is used to convert persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm (SR), but there is limited knowledge about how blood pressure (BP) is affected by conversion to SR. We sought to evaluate how BP changed in AF patients who converted to SR, compared to patients still in AF. In this retrospective registry analysis, we included a total of 487 patients, treated with DC cardioversion for persistent AF. We obtained data regarding medical history, medication, BP, and electrocardiogram the day before and 7 days after cardioversion. Systolic BP increased by 9 (±16) mm Hg (P

This exploratory study aims to determine whether the change in systolic blood pressure (sBP) after acute methylphenidate (MPH) administration (ΔBPMPH) is associated with the neurocognitive response to MPH in the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT) in 513 children with ADHD (aged 6 to 12 years old). We noted that higher increases in sBP were associated with larger improvement in CPT performance with MPH. In the univariate regression model, the ΔBPMPH accounted for an additional 2% of the variance in the change in CPT-Overall Index (OI) after controlling for covariates (p Participants with a clinically meaningful sBP increase of at least 5 mmHg (n = 191) improved by 4.8 points on the CPT-OI score (p In conclusion, larger sBP increases after MPH administration were associated with greater enhancement in CPT performance. These results could be useful in informing MPH dosing in clinical practice.

Tomato is one of diets that is rich of nutrition. Moreover, tomato has an important role to keep body balance, tomato also can be used to cure hypertension. Tomato contains potassium, calcium, and other nutrition that can decrease blood pressure of menopause women. This study is aimed at knowing the influence of tomato juice towards blood pressure change of menopause women. The sample used in this study is 16 respondents. The design of the study is pre experimental with one group pre-test and post-test approach. The data analysis used in this study is Wilcoxon test. The result of the study shows that there is an influence of tomato juice towards the decreasing of systolic blood pressure of menopause women in campurejo-mojoroto-kediri. It is hoped that the result of this study will give a beneficial contribution to menopause women and other hypertension sufferers.Keyword: Hypertension, Tomato, Potassium, Calcium

Many Japanese people are dissatisfied with the coldness of dressing rooms and bathrooms. It is well known that accidents due to changes in blood pressure during bathing may lead to casualties, particularly in elderly people. However, measurements of blood pressure changes along with evaluation of the thermal environment in residential buildings are very limited. This study aimed to survey the influence that the thermal renovation of the dressing rooms and bathrooms has on the health of elderly residents during winter in residential buildings in Hokkaido, a cold northern region in Japan. Three detached residences built before the 1990s, whose residents were over 60 years of age, were renovated. Bath units were replaced, or additional thermal insulation was added to the openings and floor of the dressing rooms and bathrooms. Before and after the renovation, the thermal environment around the bathroom was evaluated and the blood pressure of residents during bathing was measured. From undressing in the dressing room until dressing after bathing, blood pressure was measured sequentially by the residents themselves using a handy-type hemadynamometer. After renovation, the increase in the highest systolic blood pressure during undressing time and the range of the blood pressure change during the whole bathing process were lower than those before renovation. Systolic blood pressure decreased with the increase in dressing room temperature. Correlation analysis showed that systolic blood pressure decreased up to 20 mmHg when the dressing room temperature increased by 10 °C.

BACKGROUND While changes in blood pressure (BP) are independently associated with cardiovascular events, less is known about the association between changes in BP and subsequent changes in renal function in adults with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of >60 ml/min/1.73 m2. METHODS The present study included 3,920 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study who had ≥2 BP measurements during the first 5 years of MESA and had eGFR measurements at both year 5 and 10. Change in BP was estimated as the annualized slope of BP between year 0 and 5 based on linear mixed models (mean number of measurements = 4.0). Participants were then grouped into 1 of 3 categories based on the distribution of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP) change (top 20%, middle 21–79%, bottom 20%). We calculated eGFR from cystatin C (ml/min/1.73 m2), estimated annual change in eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2/year), and defined rapid kidney function decline as a >30% decrease in eGFR from year 5 to 10. We used multivariable logistic regression adjusting for year 0 demographic and clinical characteristics, including eGFR and BP, to determine associations of BP change with rapid kidney function decline. RESULTS Median age was 59 [interquartile range (IQR): 52, 67] and median eGFR at year 0 was 95.5 (IQR: 81.7, 105.9) ml/min/1.73 m2. Median SBP at year 0 was 111, 121, and 147 mm Hg for increasing, stable, and decreasing SBP change, respectively. Increasing SBP and widening PP change were each associated with higher odds of rapid kidney function decline compared with stable SBP and PP groups, respectively [odds ratio, OR 1.7 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.3, 2.4) for SBP; OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.9) for PP]. Decreasing SBP was associated with rapid kidney function decline after adjusting for all covariates except for year 0 BP [OR 1.4 (95% CI 1.0, 1.8)], but this association was no longer statistically significant after adjustment for year 0 BP. There were no significant associations between DBP change and rapid decline in the fully adjusted models. Similar findings were seen with annual change in eGFR. CONCLUSIONS Increasing SBP and widening PP over time were associated with greater risk for accelerated kidney function decline even at BP levels below established hypertension thresholds.

The authors investigated whether a genetic risk score (GRS) constructed of 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms would predict incident hypertension and blood pressure (BP) change over time in a population cohort during an 11-year follow-up (n=5402 at baseline, 3266 at follow-up). In multivariable models, GRS was associated with higher systolic/diastolic BP values at baseline (β±standard error [SE], 1.04±0.14/1.11±0.13 mm Hg; P

Prior studies indicate that hypertension is associated with mechanical systolic dysfunction, even in the presence of a normal ejection fraction, but whether this cardiac dysfunction may be ameliorated by antihypertensive treatment is unknown.To test the hypothesis that mechanical systolic dysfunction in hypertension may respond to blood pressure-lowering therapy, we studied 182 patients with uncontrolled hypertension who underwent a 24-week trial of intensive versus standard antihypertensive therapy (titrated to a goal SBP130 versus140 mmHg) and had both baseline and follow-up echocardiography. We examined changes in left ventricular systolic function, reflected by systolic global longitudinal strain (GLS), in the entire cohort and in the subset of patients with systolic dysfunction at baseline (defined as GLS-15%).Despite all patients having a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%), almost a third (32%) had mechanical systolic dysfunction at baseline. In the total sample, GLS significantly improved in response to antihypertensive therapy (-16.8 ± 3.8 to -18.7 ± 3.4%; P 0.0001), and this improvement was especially evident in patients with baseline dysfunction (13.1 ± 2.2 to -17.0 ± 2.9%; P 0.0001). Improvement in GLS was associated with lower BMI (P = 0.015) and was greater in women than in men (P = 0.003). Although uncorrelated with blood pressure change, GLS improvement was related to having received high doses of antihypertensive therapy during the study (P = 0.040).In patients with hypertensive heart disease and normal left ventricular ejection fraction, abnormalities in left ventricular mechanical systolic function can be ameliorated in the setting of targeted antihypertensive treatment.

Declining systolic blood pressure (SBP) is common in very old age and it is associated with adverse events, such as dementia. Knowledge of factors associated with SBP change could be used to formulate preventive strategies. This study investigated SBP change and associated factors in a representative sample of very old individuals followed–up after 5 years. The study was based on data from the Umeå85+/GERDA cohort study, containing cross-sectional and longitudinal data on participants aged 85, 90, and ≥95 years. Follow–up was 5 years. Main outcome was absolute SBP change. Factors associated with SBP change were assessed using multivariate linear regression models. Baseline SBP was measured in 1136 first–time participants. Within 5 years, 711 had died. Of the surviving participants, 297 were followed up with SBP measurement. Mean SBP change was -12 mm Hg ± standard deviation 25 mm Hg. Among survivors followed–up with SBP measurement, SBP change was independently associated with changing Barthel p–ADL score during follow–up, and inversely associated with investigation year, baseline SBP level, baseline antidepressant prescription, incident acute myocardial infarction during follow–up, and discontinued or new diuretic prescription during follow–up. In conclusion, SBP seems to be declining among very old individuals. The decline seems to depend on SBP level, investigation year, and health–related factors.

We evaluated the gender differences in the relation of baseline serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels to blood pressure (BP) change during 4 yr. 4,025 normotensive subjects (1,945 men and 2,080 women) who aged 40-69 yr at baseline participated in the Ansung-Ansan cohort of the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study were included. The associations of GGT with baseline BP or 4-yr change of BP were evaluated. GGT levels were associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at baseline after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), current smoking status and alcohol intake (SBP, β = 1.28, P < 0.001; DBP, β = 1.41, P < 0.001). GGT levels were also associated with 4-yr change in BP after adjusting for age, BMI, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, CRP, current smoking status, alcohol intake and SBP (SBP, β = 1.08, P = 0.001; DBP, β = 0.64, P = 0.003). This association was statistically significant in men (SBP, β = 1.82, P < 0.001; DBP, β = 1.05, P = 0.001), but not in women (SBP, β = 0.38, P = 0.466; DBP, β = -0.37, P = 0.304). Remarkably, this association between GGT and BP was significant in men at 40-49 yr of age. In summary, we found positive associations between GGT levels at baseline and the change of BP. The relation of GGT level and the change of BP was only significant in men, not in women, which warrants further studies to elucidate the biologic mechanisms.

Aim A decrease of systolic blood pressure in excess of 20 mmHg during haemodialysis treatment (IDD) is common for haemodialysis patients. Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is symptomatic IDD by definition. Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) is a possible cause of IDD. Dialysate nitrate and nitrite amount can be used as an indicator of intradialysis NO production. Our aim was to find the predictor of NO production in IDD patients. Methods Partial dialysate samples were collected during the whole haemodialysis session and total dialysate nitrate and nitrite amount was measured to assess the association of intradialysis NO production with blood pressure change. Results There were 31 IDD patients and 71 patients who did not develop IDD (NIDD) included in the study. Among the IDD patients, 13 were IDH patients with a mean systolic blood pressure lower than that of the other 18 symptomless IDD patients (96.6 ± 3.4 mmHg vs 125.0 ± 3.8 mmHg, P

Background One previous large cross-sectional study across four countries suggests that riboflavin intake may be inversely associated with blood pressure. Objective The aim of this analysis was to investigate a possible association between riboflavin intake and change in blood pressure over 5 years. Methods The study population comprised Chinese men and women who participated in the Jiangsu Nutrition Study. Quantitative data relating to riboflavin intake at baseline in 2002 and measurements of blood pressure at baseline and follow-up in 2007 were available for 1,227 individuals. Results Overall, 97.2% of the participants had inadequate riboflavin intake (below the Estimated Average Requirement). In multivariable analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and dietary patterns, a higher riboflavin intake was inversely associated with change in systolic blood pressure ( p = .036). In participants taking antihypertensive medication at baseline, the relationship between riboflavin intake and systolic blood pressure persisted; whereas, in those not taking antihypertensive medication, the diastolic blood pressure was less likely to increase with the increasing intake of riboflavin ( p = .031). There was a three-way interaction between antihypertensive medications, body mass index, and riboflavin intake. Among those who were obese and taking antihypertensive medication, a higher riboflavin intake was associated with a smaller increment in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. Conclusions There are complex interactions between riboflavin intake and blood pressure change that depend on prior antihypertensive use and the presence or absence of obesity.

The study aims to examine the blood pressure (BP) trajectory during pregnancy and its association with pre-gravid BP level. In a pre-conception cohort study, newly-married women in Liuyang, China underwent pre-gravid measurements and were followed throughout the pregnancy. BP was measured at pre-conception and again throughout pregnancy. The functional principal component analysis was used to examine the trajectory of BP changes during pregnancy. A total of 1282 women with a singleton pregnancy who had both pre-conception and gestational BP measurements performed were included in the final analysis. The results showed that BP decreased significantly in early pregnancy and increased thereafter, without BP drop around 20 weeks of gestation. Pre-gravid BP level was inversely associated with the BP drop in early pregnancy, such that women with higher pre-gravid BP had greater BP drop at the beginning, while women with the lowest pre-gravid BP level demonstrated no obvious BP drop throughout the entire pregnancy.

AIM: To evaluate blood pressure (BP) changes during phacoemulsification (PC) and femtosecond laser (FSL)-assisted cataract surgery. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who received traditional phacoemulsification surgery (PC group) and FSL-assisted cataract surgery (FS group) from July 2013 to December 2014. Totally 206 eyes from 133 patients receiving the two types of procedures were included. Patient characteristics (age, gender, and hypertension history), pre- and post-operative BPs were collected. RESULTS: The pro-operative systolic and diastolic BPs (mm Hg) were 124.89±20.48 vs 126.98±16.85, and 71.88±9.81 vs 73.56±10.03, in PC and FS groups, respectively. While the post-operative systolic and diastolic BPs (mm Hg) were 130.13±22.59 vs 134.77±17.52, and 73.41±11.62 vs 78.89±12.2, in PC and FS groups, respectively. Paired-sample t-tests showed obvious systolic and diastolic BP elevations in FS group after surgery (P=0.001 and 0.007) and no reliability in PC group (P=0.094 and 0.359). A linear regression model revealed systolic and diastolic BP elevations, which were related to longer surgical times for FS group (P=0.008 and 0.021). Age, gender, and hypertension history were not correlated with blood pressure elevation in either group. CONCLUSION: BP increases but at a limited level after FSL-assisted cataract surgery compared to traditional phacoemulsificationKEYWORDS: cataract surgery; blood pressure; femtosecond-assisted cataract surgery; phacoemulsification

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) defined stage 1 hypertension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 130&ndash, 139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80&ndash, 89 mmHg), and increase in BP from previously normal BP in Korean adults. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60,866 participants from a nationally representative claims database. Study subjects had normal BP (SBP &lt, 120 mmHg and DBP &lt, 80 mmHg), no history of anti-hypertensive medication, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the first period (2002&ndash, 2003). The BP change was defined according to the BP difference between the first and second period (2004&ndash, 2005). We used time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models in order to evaluate the effect of BP elevation on mortality and CVD with a mean follow-up of 7.8 years. Compared to those who maintained normal BP during the second period, participants with BP elevation from normal BP to stage 1 hypertension had a higher risk for CVD (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08&ndash, 1.40), and ischemic stroke (aHR 1.32, 95% CI, 1.06&ndash, 1.64). BP elevation to 2017 ACC/AHA defined elevated BP (SBP 120&ndash, 129 mmHg and DBP &lt, 80 mmHg) was associated with an increased risk of CVD (aHR 1.26, 1.50), but stage 1 isolated diastolic hypertension (SBP &lt, 130 and DBP 80&ndash, 89 mmHg) was not significantly related with CVD risk (aHR 1.12, 95% CI, 0.95&ndash, 1.31).

This editorial refers to ‘Midlife blood pressure change and left ventricular mass and remodelling in older age in the 1946 British Birth Cohort Study’, by A.K. Ghosh et al. on page doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu389 The 1946 Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (MRC-NSHD) is the longest running birth cohort in the UK. Making use of this unique resource, Ghosh and colleagues have now demonstrated that left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness at age 60–64 were associated with blood pressure (BP) or use of antihypertensive drugs from 36 years of age onwards, independent of current BP or treatment status.1 Moreover, the rate of BP increase over time rather than the absolute BP level at a given age determined the LVMI at 60–64 years.1 Ghosh and colleagues have to be congratulated for their meticulous analysis of longitudinal data spanning 28 years. Nevertheless, several issues cannot be disregarded in the interpretation of the results. First, as in all longitudinal studies, the attrition rate was high. Of 5362 initially enrolled participants, only 2856 were invited for echocardiography from 2006 until 2011. Invitations were not sent to those who had died ( n = 778), were living abroad ( n = 570), had previously withdrawn from the study ( n = 594), or had been lost to follow-up ( n = 564). Of those invited, 539 (18.9%) accepted to be visited at home, but only 1653 (57.8%) underwent echocardiography and 1480 (51.8%) had analysable images. The authors argued that participants who opted for a home visit had higher BP and were less healthy, …

Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) leads to a considerable decrease of blood pressure in the vast majority of patients with resistant hypertension. However, only minor or no blood pressure change is achieved in some patients. This non-reponse is defined as a reduction of office systolic blood pressure of less than 10 mmHg following RDN. The rates of non-response vary between 8-37%. Here several causes are discussed such as inappropriate patient selection, an ineffective procedure, the subordinate contribution of sympathetic activation for the maintenance of hypertension, and patient conditions such as non-adherence to drug therapy. Based on current evidence, an ideal candidate for RDN has high baseline blood pressure, which is known to be the best predictor for blood pressure reduction after RDN. In order to ensure treatment success further criteria have to be fulfilled, such as exclusion of secondary hypertension and optimised medical therapy.

Background and Objectives In a multi-center, single-arm, prospective study, we investigated the efficacy and safety of the fixed irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination in Chinese patients with moderate to severe hypertension. Methods Eligible patients were aged 18–75 years, with a blood pressure of 160–199 mmHg systolic or 100–119 mmHg diastolic during a 1-week wash-out phase off antihypertensive medication. The enrolled patients started antihypertensive treatment with irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 150 mg/12.5 mg once daily, with the possible addition of irbesartan 150 mg once daily and up-titration to irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 300 mg/25 mg once daily at 4 and 8 weeks of follow-up, respectively. The primary efficacy variable was the goal blood pressure-attaining rate at 12 weeks of follow-up (

Although the head-up tilt (HUT) test and Valsalva maneuver (VM) have been widely used to identify sympathetic adrenergic impairment, the detailed relationship between the degree of orthostatic hypotension (OH) during the HUT test and the pattern of blood pressure (BP) change during the VM remains unknown. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between the degree of OH during the HUT test and the pattern of BP change during the VM. During a 4-year period, a total of 132 consecutive patients with neurogenic OH and 60 healthy controls were enrolled. The degree of OH was defined as mild (associated with a fall in systolic BP [SBP] ≥ 20 < 30 on tilting, n = 49), moderate (associated with a fall in SBP ≥ 30 < 40 on tilting, n = 43), and severe (associated with a fall in SBP ≥ 40 on tilting, n = 40). A standardized battery of autonomic tests, including the HUT test and VM using Finometer devices for recording beat-to-beat BP and heart rate response, and a quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test, was performed. Sympathetic indexes (SIs 1–6) were calculated from the VM. A composite autonomic severity score (CASS) was also obtained to evaluate the severity and distribution of autonomic dysfunction. The degree of OH was compared with the BP decline and recovery during the VM. All indexes exhibited overall significant differences among tested groups (P

Hypertension during pregnancy is one of the diagnostic criteria for preeclampsia. We investigated the pattern of blood pressure (BP) change across pregnancy and associations of risk factors for preeclampsia with BP changes in normal pregnancy.We examined repeat antenatal BP measurements (median 14 per woman) of 11,789 women from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort with a live-term birth and no evidence of preeclampsia or previous hypertension. Linear spline random effects models with knots at 18, 30 and 36 weeks gestation described changes in BP with gestational age.On average, SBP and DBP decreased slowly until 18 weeks and rose from 18 weeks onwards, with increasing rate at 30 weeks and then again at 36 weeks. In obese women, BP was higher at 8 weeks and rose more slowly between 18 and 30 weeks and more rapidly between 30 and 36 weeks than in normal-weight women. Nulliparous women had higher BP at 8 weeks and faster increases in DBP from 30 weeks and SBP from 36 weeks onwards than multiparas. Women who smoked throughout pregnancy had lower BP at 8 weeks and throughout pregnancy; women who only smoked in the first trimester soon attained the same pattern of change as never smokers. In twin pregnancies, BP rose more rapidly from 30 weeks onwards than in singleton pregnancies.Established preeclampsia risk factors are associated with higher BP in early pregnancy and faster BP increases later in gestation in normal pregnancy, suggesting a continuum of risk.

A field measurements of the blood pressure change of elderly with the room air temperature change during the bathing were made in winter of Sapporo and Fukui. Average room air temperatures of the undressing room in Sapporo versus Fukui were 19.8 versus 12.6 degree-C. The temperature differences between the living and the undressing room in Sapporo versus Fukui were 2.7 versus 6.5 degree-C, respectively. It would appear that the insulation performance of houses in Sapporo is higher that in Fukui. Therefore, over the 5 degree of air temperature drop between the living and the undressing room brings about a terrible rise in their blood pressure at the probability of 80 percent or more.

One large cross-sectional study across four countries suggests that glutamate intake may be inversely associated with blood pressure (BP). The aim of this analysis was to investigate a possible association between monosodium glutamate (MSG) intake and change in blood pressure over 5 years.Data from 1227 Chinese men and women who participated in the Jiangsu Nutrition Study (JIN) were analyzed. In this study, MSG intake and blood pressure were quantitatively assessed in 2002, and followed-up in 2007.MSG intake was associated with a significant increase in SBP and DBP. A strong sex interaction was observed in relation to SBP change. Women with high MSG intake were more likely to have increased SBP and DBP. Total glutamate intake was also positively associated with an increase in SBP. In those chronically taking antihypertensive medications, there was a strong association between MSG intake and an increase in DBP.MSG intake may have independent BP-increasing effects, especially among women and those taking hypertension medications at baseline and follow-up.

This study investigated mandala making as an effective physiological stress reducer for individuals with intellectual disability. Stress levels were measured using systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse. Participants (N = 15) engaged in three activities, serving as their own controls: mandala making, free drawing and a neutral control condition. Findings revealed no significant differences in changes in stress measures across the three conditions, however, t-tests of blood pressure change in the mandala making condition indicated a statistically significant reduction in both diastolic and systolic pressure between the first and third reading; similar differences were not found in the other two conditions. These findings suggest that mandala making is an effective stress reducer for those with intellectual disability, however, evidence does not show it is more effective than the control conditions. Suggestions for future research are discussed.

Background : Hypertension is a long term condition in which blood pressure is higher than 140/90 mmHg. Antihypertensive drugs therapy took a long time and caused side effects so that further treatment is needed through non-pharmalogycal therapy such as the consumption of smoothies combination of various fruits and vegetables that contain high fiber and potassium. Objective : To determine the effectiveness of smoothies combination of various fruits and vegetables consumtion to changes in blood pressure change in adult women. Method : This research is a true experiment with Randomized Pre and Post Test Control Group Design. Sampling was done randomly to get 30 samples. Data collection were included by age, nutritional status, occupation, blood pressure data before and after treatment and fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium intakes. Results : There was an effect of smoothies combination of various fruits and vegetables consumtion to decrease cytolic and diastolic blood pressure during the study with confounding variables of fiber, sodium, potassium and magnesium intake (p = 0.025 and p = 0.037). Conclusion : The average systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the treatment group were decreased after consumtion smoothies combination of various fruits and vegetables, while the control group tended to increased because they were not consume smoothies.

Aims and Methods: By analyzing data from 2,861 individuals who underwent general health screening 2 years running, we have investigated the impact of changes in waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) over a 1-year period on systolic blood pressure (BPs). We termed WC, BMI, and BPs at the first visit as WC1, BMI1, and BPs1, respectively, and those at the second visit as WC2, BMI2, and BPs2, respectively. The %dWC, %dBMI, and %dBPs was defined as (WC2 – WC1)/WC1 × 100, (BMI2 – BMI1)/BMI1 × 100, and (BPs2 – BPs1)/BPs1 × 100, respectively. Results: In multivariate regression analysis using age, BPs1, WC1, and %dWC as independent variables, %dWC was a significant predictor for %BPs only in men. %dBMI was a significant predictor for %BPs in both genders when age, BPs1, BMI1, and %dBMI were used as independent variables. Compared with individuals with both %dWC Conclusion: Our data suggest that the impact of BMI change might be greater than WC change in terms of BPs change during this short period.

One of the major theories of psychosomatic medicine is that pervasive dissociations between physiological reactivity and simultaneous emotion awareness may be an important marker for the long-term development of cardiac problems. Subjective autonomic discrepancy (SAD) scores are proposed as a method of capturing the dissociation between physiological and emotional reactivity and increasing the explanatory power of predictive models of cardiac health outcomes. It was found that SAD scores for blood pressure indices show trait-like stability over a period of 3 years. Although linear 3-year prediction of systolic blood pressure came close to traditional definitions of significance, neither a linear nor a quadratic model was found to show significant prospective validity in predicting ambulatory blood pressure change over a 10-year period. Dissociation between physiological arousal and emotional awareness does not appear to be an important variable in the identification of individuals at risk for later cardiovascular health problems.

To establish the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and obesity in children.Seventy-two obese children (body mass index in the 95th percentile or greater) were compared with 72 age-matched and sex-matched controls (body mass index95th percentile). Both groups underwent Goldmann applanation tonometry (3 times), blood pressure measurement (3 times), and Hertel exophthalmometry. Paired and unpaired t tests and the Cochran-Mantel-Haenzel statistics were used for statistical analysis.The mean IOP between the obese children and controls were significantly different (P0.0001), even after adjusting for systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P0.001). Diurnal variation of IOP was higher in obese children (P0.001). Obese children had higher Hertel values (P0.001). Sex did not significantly effect IOP in either group (P0.05).In addition to its indirect effect on IOP via blood pressure change, obesity is also an independent risk factor for increased IOP.

Background: The baroreflex has been reported to play an important role in hemodynamic regulation during exercise. Therefore impairment of baroreflex function can induce an abnormal response of systolic blood pressure (SBP to exercise including exercise‑induced hypertension. To clarify whether baroreflex function alters SBP response we examined the relationship of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS with SBP response to exercise. Methods: In 22 subjects without cardiac dysfunction BRS (msmmHg was measured by the phenylephrine method and a treadmill exercise test was administered according to Bruces protocol. Results: 1 The chronotropic response to exercise was higher in the normal BRS group than in the reduced BRS group (p