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Additional file 1. Supplemental Materials and Methods, Supplemental Table S1, and Supplemental Figures S1 – S5.

Supplemental material, Supp-FigS1-S8_ONeill-Rev2 for Locating Methyl-Etherified and Methyl-Esterified Uronic Acids in the Plant Cell Wall Pectic Polysaccharide Rhamnogalacturonan II by Malcolm A. O’Neill, Ian Black, Breeanna Urbanowicz, Vivek Bharadwaj, Mike Crowley, Sabina Koj and Maria J. Peña in SLAS Technology

p { margin-bottom: 0.25cm; line-height: 115%; background: transparent } Microscopy is a visual and exciting field. If a picture is worth a thousand words then a microscope must be worth at least one Shakespeare (884,421 words). But demonstrating how microscopes work to a non-specialist audience can be challenging. We have developed a 3D-printed, modular kit that is already being used in prison outreach, for high-school-level projects and at public outreach events to demonstrate the fundamentals of microscopy. Our modular design is not dissimilar to a rail-like optical bench and the pieces we provide designs for can be used in any combination for illumination, optics (lens holders) and imaging (with Raspberry Pi and the Pi Camera) as well as supporting a wide range of expandable configurations and outputs/displays (with the official Raspberry Pi touch display). Here we demonstrate our rationale for the design used; the hiccups and challenges faced along the way; and we present our system in the configuration of a light sheet fluorescence microscope that we have used in public outreach and hope to use with a wide range of audiences in coming years.Presented at The Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy 2019, Frankfurt am Main (https://www.lsfm2019.eu/).

For over a decade Israel has been strengthening links with Arab Gulf states with which it has no diplomatic relations. Evidence of a convergence of Israel’s strategic views with those of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Bahrain has accumulated as all displayed hostility to Iran’s regional ambitions and to United States President Barack Obama’s policies during the Arab Spring. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has highlighted the Iranian threat and has felt much greater room for foreign policy manoeuvre given the continued marginalisation of the Palestinians. Netanyahu, who opposes an independent Palestinian state, has been greatly encouraged by the policies of US President Donald Trump. Long-standing Israeli security and commercial ties with the Gulf, already becoming more visible, look set to develop further, though overt military cooperation is improbable. Geopolitical and generational changes have made their mark among Gulf elites but the rivalry with Iran as well as domestic and pan-Arab public opinion will constrain any normalisation of Saudi and allied relations with Israel, assuming there is no progress towards an acceptable resolution of the Palestinian issue. None seems likely for the foreseeable future.