Search

Feedback control is a fundamental underpinning of life, underlying homeostasis of biological processes at every scale of organization, from cells to ecosystems. The ability to evaluate the contribution and limitations of feedback control mechanisms operating in cells is a critical step for understanding and ultimately designing feedback control systems with biological molecules. Here, we introduce CoRa –or ControlRatio–, a general framework that quantifies the contribution of a biological feedback control mechanism to adaptation using a mathematically controlled comparison to an identical system that does not contain the feedback. CoRa provides a simple and intuitive metric with broad applicability to biological feedback systems.

The aim of the study is to develop a biotechnical system of the rehabilitation type, designed to restore the motor activity of the patient’s muscles through biotechnical and biological feedback. The obtained classification models of surface signals of electromyograms can be used to create intelligent rehabilitation systems for patients with neurological diseases and will allow the development of diagnostic test stimulation programs that can be used to create artificial biological feedback. This will provide new predictors of the risk of socially significant diseases.

The article provides an integrated analysis of practical application of virtual reality (VR) in healthcare. Modern VR products have been created for the diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, alcohol dependence, phobic disorders, and teenage depression. Information on such products is limited to simple scenes, without adaptation to the user. The paper shows a prospect for creating a virtual system with biological feedback. The proposed system is a set of portable and stationary devices for recording physiological signals and immersion into a virtual reality environment, as well as smart nodes for registration, processing and decision-making to correct the user’s mental state.

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) acts as a communication mechanism using brain signals to control external devices. The generation of such signals is sometimes independent of the nervous system, such as in Passive BCI. This is majorly beneficial for those who have severe motor disabilities. Traditional BCI systems have been dependent only on brain signals recorded using Electroencephalography (EEG) and have used a rule-based translation algorithm to generate control commands. However, the recent use of multi-sensor data fusion and machine learning-based translation algorithms has improved the accuracy of such systems. This paper discusses various BCI applications such as tele-presence, grasping of objects, navigation, etc. that use multi-sensor fusion and machine learning to control a humanoid robot to perform a desired task. The paper also includes a review of the methods and system design used in the discussed applications.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

иологическая обратная связь методика, которая широко используется, для терапии различных заболеваний, при этом существует большое разнообразие факторов, способных влиять на её результаты. Цель исследования: Изучить зависимость результатов сеансов биологической обратной связи от психологических характеристик пациентов. Материалы и методы. В лаборатории биологической обратной связи (БОС) обследованы 245 пациентов, перенесших инсульт. Во время сеанса оценивалось направление передвижения пациента. Для определения психологических характеристик использовались шестнадцатифакторный личностный опросник Кеттелла и Мини-СМИЛ. Результаты. При проведении теста Кеттелла нами выявлен ряд закономерностей в виде обратных корреляционных связей, между баллами, полученным по шкале: А и скоростью передвижения пациентами во время сеансов БОС. Число баллов, набранных по шкале Q2, наоборот, напрямую влияло на скорость больных. При анализе результатов по шкале мини-СМИЛ выявлены обратные корреляционные связи по шкалам демонстративность и замкнутость , и прямые по шкалам депрессия и оригинальность . Заключение. Знание различных аспектов реагирования пациентов на сеанс биологической обратной связи, в том числе связанных с их непосредственными психологическими характеристиками, позволит повысить эффективность психокоррекционных воздействий в дальнейшем., Biofeedback is a technique that is widely used to treat various diseases, while there is a wide variety of factors that can affect its results. Objective: To study the dependence of the results of biological feedback sessions on the psychological characteristics of patients. Materials and methods. In the biofeedback laboratory (BOS), 245 patients were examined. During the session, the direction of movement of the patient was evaluated. To determine the psychological characteristics, a 16-factor Kettll personality questionnaire and Mini-SMIL were used. Results. When conducting the Kettell test, we identified a number of patterns in the form of inverse correlation, between the points obtained on a scale: A and the speed of movement of patients during biofeedback sessions. The number of points scored on the Q2 scale, on the contrary, directly affected the speed of patients. When analyzing the results on the mini-SMIL scale, inverse correlation relationships were revealed on the scales of demonstrativeness and isolation, and straight lines on the scales of depression and originality. Conclusion. Knowledge of various aspects of patient response to a biological feedback session, including those related to their immediate psychological characteristics, will increase the effectiveness of psychocorrectional effects in the future., №1(184) (2020)

Multiple organs in a living system respond to environmental changes, and the signals from the organs regulate the physiological environment. Inspired by this biological feedback, we propose a simple autonomous system of active rotators to explain how multiple units are synchronized under a fluctuating environment. We find that the feedback via an environment can entrain rotators to have synchronous phases for specific conditions. This mechanism is markedly different from the simple entrainment by a common oscillatory external stimulus that is not interacting with systems. We theoretically examine how the phase synchronization depends on the interaction strength between rotators and environment. Furthermore, we successfully demonstrate the proposed model by realizing an analog electric circuit with microelectronic devices. This bio-inspired platform can be used as a sensor for monitoring varying environments, and as a controller for amplifying signals by their feedback-induced synchronization., 8 pages, 6 figures

This chapter on anatomy and physiology introduces the basics of the subject to readers, assuming no previous background knowledge of the human body. The material introduces some core concepts underlying how cellular biology operates at the molecular level leading to the organization of biological regulation – how similar chemical and biological feedback mechanisms operate in diverse tissues, such as the pancreas, kidneys or in blood, to achieve balanced outcomes. Our objective is to provide a basic understanding of the different hierarchies of the human body so that students are able to comprehend the complexity of the physiology of individual tissues when studied in greater detail.

Russian Abstract: В данной работе сравниваются две модели эмоционального развития, выделяющихся среди множества существующих особым вниманием к механизму перехода от более ранних форм эмоций к более зрелым с появлением репрезентации эмоционального содержания. Модель интериоризации М. Холодински предлагает интерпретировать эмоциональное развитие по аналогии с подходом Л. С. Выготского к развитию мышления и внутренней речи. Модель социо-биологической обратной связи в эмоциональном развитии Д. Гергея и Дж. Уотсона построена на анализе восприятия согласованности в младенчестве. Проведенный нами анализ показал как общие черты, так и различия между подходами. English Abstract: This paper compares two models of emotional development that stand out among the multitude of existing ones with special attention to the mechanism of transition from earlier forms of emotions to more mature ones with the appearance of the representation of emotional content. M. Kholodinsky's model of interiorization proposes to interpret emotional development by analogy with Vygotsky's approach to the development of thinking and inner speech. The model of socio-biological feedback in emotional development by D. Gergey and J. Watson is based on the analysis of the perception of coherence in infancy. Our analysis showed both common features and differences between approaches.

Objectives. To assess changes in the spectral characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in humans during single sessions of biocontrol of hart rate variability parameters using biological feedback (BFB). Materials and Methods. A total of 150 adolescents aged 16–17 years were studied. Adolescents of the BFB group (n = 110) took part in biocontrol sessions to increase vagal influences on heart rate; the control group (n = 40) remained in the state of calm wakefulness. EEG recordings were made with the eyes closed before and after BFB training. EEG characteristics were studied in terms of changes in absolute power levels (μV2) in artifact-free trace segments in each frequency range. Results and conclusions. The ability of human subjects to change the activity of heart rate parameters determines the level of action on the functions of the central autonomic regulatory structures. This biocontrol method promotes improvements in cortical stability, with increases in α and decreases in β EEG activity. Brain activity synchronization processes during biocontrol were more clearly apparent in the right hemisphere, often involving the prefrontal areas.

Кубряк Олег Витальевич, доктор биологических наук, заведующий лабораторией физиологии функциональных состояний человека, НИИ нормальной физиологии им. П.К. Анохина. 125415, г. Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8. E-mail: o.kubryak@nphys.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-7296-5280. Панова Елена Николаевна, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физиологии функциональных состояний человека, НИИ нормальной физиологии им. П.К. Анохина. 125415, г. Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8. E-mail: e.panova@nphys.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-8449-716X. Крикленко Елена Александровна, специалист, НИИ нормальной физиологии им. П.К. Анохина. 125415, г. Москва, ул. Балтийская, 8. E-mail: e.kriklenko@nphys.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-9856-5426. O.V. Kubryak, o.kubryak@nphys.ru, ORCID: 0000-0001-7296-5280, E.N. Panova, e.panova@nphys.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-8449-716X, E.A. Kriklenko, e.kriklenko@nphys.ru, ORCID: 0000-0002-9856-5426 P.K. Anokhin Science Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation

The article examines the results of the study of the effect of a complex of individually selected breathing techniques in conjunction with phytoarhomics and acupressure and mechanisms of their impact on the psychophysiological indicators of the functional conditions of police officers. In the group where the studies were carried out with the individual form of the classes, the number of people with signs of emotional tension, aggressiveness and anxiety decreased reliably. The indicators of the states increased: well-being, activity and mood. Confidence of the improvement in their indices of the reserves of the cardiovascular system and the adaptive potential was confirmed. The results of the study convincingly state that the potential capabilities of individually-matched respiratory techniques in combination with phytoharmaceuticals and acupressure in a short time (up to 10 minutes) allow normalizing psychophysiological potential and vegetative balance among police officers. The obtained data testify to the important role of the training of police officers in the field of psychophysiological self-regulation of functional states after stress for their normalization and prevention of posttraumatic and psychosomatic disorders. The complex method of psychophysiological regulation (CMPR) of the functional states of police officers set forth in the article is based on the psychophysiological mechanisms of the individual personality approach (IPA), psychological and biological feedback (BOS). The technique of this method consists of the stages: express diagnosis (self-diagnosis), express - analysis (self-analysis) of information received about psycho-physiological indicators of functional states, individual selection of methods of regulation, performance of techniques regulation (self-regulation) and control diagnostics of psychophysiological indicators after applying a complex method of regulation. The results of the use of CMPR are statistically reliable. The method has a number of patents and is confirmed by acts of implementation. Key words: antistress respiratory fitoaroma regulation, acupressure, individual-personal approach, psychological and biological feedback, independent psychophysiological normalization of functional states.

A man is a complex biological and psychological phenomenon comprised of different behavioral patterns. Just these behavioral patterns cause the development of many diseases. In the article different types of pain disorders are reported, especially in the field of neurostomatology. One of the most interesting trends of behavioral medicine is a method of computer selfregulation based on a universal principle of a biological feedback (BOS is a Russian abbreviation). A method of biological feedback (BOS) and its variations have been proposed for the treatment of pain disorders such as headaches, especially tension-type headache, migraine, associated with depressive states, temporomandibular disorder, burning syndrome etc. There have been described different types of BOS - trainings - relied upon the temperature, EMG, EEG, the influence on frontal muscle groups and other effective trainings - influence on the pain for its healing with the direct participation of the patient. BOS-trainings have been presented in the article as one from dominated methods in contemporary neurostomatology based on universal means of fight against pain - biological self-regulation.

One cause of mortality in large countries of the world today is colon cancer. One main reason behind the development of colon cancer is constipation. Using electric shock, the colon can regain its motility. This electrical stimulation includes a series of electric arrays. Patients with constipation are categorized into two groups, apart from those who only show the disease symptoms. A patient whose rectum had lost its excitability after stroke was studied. The patient clearly benefited from electric stimulation treatment. Considering the fact that the biological feedback of this experiment is intense, the patient should cooperate. Electrical stimulation treatment is performed with a highly complex device. This treatment can be useful for many patients, especially those who suffer from impaired rectal contraction.

Епанешникова Надежда Викторовна, старший преподаватель кафедры клинической психологии, Высшая медико-биологическая школа, Южно-Уральский государственный университет (Челябинск), n_epaneshnikova@mail.ru Кабатаев Максим Владимирович, аспирант кафедры клинической психологии, Высшая медико-биологическая школа, Южно-Уральский государственный университет (Челябинск), maxrock1100@mail.ru N.V. Epaneshnikova, n_epaneshnikova@mail.ru M.V. Kabataev, maxrock1100@mail.ru South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation

At various stages of the development and education of children, there are psychoemotional difficulties that create prerequisites for impairment of the development of the child&rsquo, s personality. The timely detection of difficulties in schoolchildren and therapeutic efforts are important for the formation of a psychologically healthy personality. The study of the effectiveness of various remedial techniques for childhood anxiety has therefore become theoretically and practically significant. The purpose of our study is to determine the effectiveness of various types of such therapeutic efforts: social and psychological training, a method of biological feedback, and Sandplay for the indicators of childhood anxiety among younger schoolchildren. The study was conducted in the school of Magadan, northeast of Russia (9&ndash, 10-year-old students, n = 43). We used a standardized method of Multidimensional Assessment of Child Anxiety which included 10 scales. The following therapeutic efforts were used: sociopsychological training (SPT), biofeedback method (BFB), individual and group Sandplay. Students of group I (n = 12) participated only in the SPT. Students of group II (n = 11) participated in the SPT and underwent a course of training in self-regulation using the BFB method. In therapy work with the students of group III (n = 20), the SPT, BFB, individual and group Sandplay were used. In group I, after the therapy sessions, a significant decrease in anxiety was observed in 3 of 10 scales (2, 6, 7, p &lt, 0.05). In group II, it was seen in 5 scales (1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 0.05). In group III, significant improvements took place in 7 scales (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 0.01&ndash, 0.05). The present study has shown the different efficacy of applying the remedial techniques separately and in combination. The use of the therapy methods, in the complex, enhances the impact on the types of child anxiety.

Актуальність даної роботи полягає в необхідності розробки немедикаментозної технології корекції бронхообструктивного синдрому, яка сприятиме активації резервних та адаптаційних можливостей організму. Метою роботи є оцінка ефективності аудіо стимуляції на основі біологічного зворотного зв’язку по ЕЕГ в нормалізації дихання у дітей з БОС. Для досягнення мети поставлені наступні завдання:  проаналізувати ефективність біологічного зворотного зв’язку за ЕЕГ на основі літературних джерел;  розробити віртуальний прилад для біоакустичної корекції бронхообструктивного синдрому;  проаналізувати характеристики звукового сигналу;  провести з пацієнтами зі схильністю до бронхоспазму спірографію та електроенцефалографію;  обрати за параметрами спірографії найважливіші показники при бронхообструктивному синдромі;  провести статистичний аналіз отриманих в ході дослідження даних. Об’єктом дослідження є сигнали електроенцефалографії та спірографії. Предметом дослідження виступають сумарна потужність альфа-ритм, ОФВ1, ІТ, МОШ25, СОШ25-75. В ході дослідження було використано такі методи функціональної діагностики як електроенцефалографія та спірографія, отримані результати аналізували за допомогою статистичних методів, для порівняння даних застосовувалиt-критерій Вілкоксона. Новизна роботи полягає в досягненні синергетичного ефектувпливу класичної музики та власного альфа–ритму на функції зовнішнього дихання пацієнта з БОС. Практична значимість пов’язана з розвитком немедикаментозних методів корекції бронхообструктивного синдрому, який характеризується широкою розповсюдженістю. Дослідження проводилося на базі Інституту педіатрії акушерства і гінекології НАМН України. Результатом дисертації є стаття «Аудіокорекція центральних механізмів регуляції функції дихання у дітей з бронхообструктивним синдромом» у науковопрактичному журналі «Біомедична інженерія і технології» № 1-2018р та наукова робота «Інноваційна технологія для біоакустичної корекції бронхообструктивного синдрому» в конференції «Техніка і технології майбутнього 2019»,опублікована в журналі «Modern engineering and innovative technologies». Actuality of this work is the need to develop non-drug technology for the correction of bronchial obstruction syndrome, which will help activate the reserve and adaptive capacity of the body. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of audio stimulation based on biological EEG feedback in normalizing breathing in children with BOS. To achieve the goal of the thesis, the following tasks were set:  analyze the effectiveness of biological EEG feedback from literature;  develop a virtual device for bioacoustic correction of bronchial obstruction syndrome;  analyze the characteristics of the audio signal;  conduct spirography and electronephalography with patients with a tendency for bronchospasm;  to choose by the parameters of spirography the most important indicators in bronchial obstructive syndrome;  to conduct a statistical analysis of the data obtained during the study. The object of the study is electroencephalography and spirography signals. The subject of the study is the total power of alpha rhythm, FEV1, IT, MEF25, MEF25-75. During the study, such methods of functional diagnostics as electroencephalography and spirography were used, the results were analyzed by statistical methods, and Wilcoxon's t-test was used to compare the data. The novelty of the work is to achieve a synergistic effect of the influence of classical music and its own alpha rhythm on the patient's external breathing functions. Practical importance is associated with the improvement of the correction of bronchial obstruction syndrome, which is characterized by widespread prevalence. The study was conducted at the Institute of Pediatrics Obstetrics and Gynecology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. The result of the dissertation is the article "Audiocorrection of central mechanisms of regulation of respiratory function in children with bronchial obstructive syndrome" in the scientific-practical journal "Biomedical engineering and technologies" No. 1-2018p and scientific work "Innovative technology for bioacoustic correction of bronchoconstrictive obstruction Techniques and Technologies of the Future 2019 ”and recommended for publication in the journal“ Modern engineering and innovative technologies ”.

The robustness and reliability of synthetic biological systems can be substantially improved by the introduction of feedback control architectures that parallel those employed in traditional engineering disciplines. One common control goal is adaptation (or disturbance rejection), which refers to a system's ability to maintain a constant output despite variation in some of its constituent processes (as frequently occurs in noisy cellular environments) or external perturbations. In this paper, we propose and analyze a control architecture that employs integrase and excisionase proteins to invert regions of DNA and an mRNA-mRNA annihilation reaction. Combined, these components approximate the functionality of a switching controller (as employed in classical control engineering) with three distinct operational modes. We demonstrate that this system is capable of near-perfect adaptation to variation in rates of both transcription and translation and can also operate without excessive consumption of cellular resources. The system's steady-state behavior is analyzed, and limits on its operating range are derived. Deterministic simulations of its dynamics are presented and are then extended to the stochastic case, which treats biochemical reactions as discrete events.

Objective Surgical manipulations of adipose tissue by removal, or partial lipectomy, have demonstrated body fat compensation and recovered body weight, suggesting that the body is able to resist changes to body composition. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations are not well understood. The purpose of this scoping review is to provide an update on what is currently known about the regulation of energetics and body fat after surgical manipulations of adipose tissue in small mammals. Methods PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify 64 eligible studies. Outcome measures included body fat, body weight, food intake, and circulating biomarkers. Results Surgeries performed included lipectomy (72%) or transplantation (12%) in mice (35%), rats (35%), and other small mammals. Findings suggested that lipectomy did not have consistent long-term effects on reducing body weight and fat because regain occurred within 12 to 14 weeks post surgery. Hence, biological feedback mechanisms act to resist long-term changes of body weight or fat. Furthermore, whether this weight and fat regain occurred because of "passive" and "active" regulation under the "set point" or "settling point" theories cannot fully be discerned because of limitations in study designs and data collected. Conclusions The regulation of energetics and body fat are complex and dynamic processes that require further studies of the interplay of genetic, physiological, and behavioral factors.

The main approaches of psychophysiological investigations of horme regulation and their development from studying the connection of cognitive processes with the prevailing rhythms of the brain electric activity and the neurovegetative system manifestations to revealing the phase changes in the brain activity foci have been analyzed in the literature review. The data on the sex differences of psychophysiological activity provision have been summarized and the possibilities of its improvement through various methods of biological feedback have been shown. Special attention has been paid to the fact that while studying horme in the majority of cases its organization is estimated by the efficiency parameter, while at present regulation is regarded as the manifestation and the dynamics of various physiological processes. In this connection, it has been suggested: while studying the horme regulation consider it as a content independent, different in complexity and heterogeneity, prolonged system-information process of human activity organization. This process is supposed to reflect a certain condition, have its own individual characteristics and properties provided by neurophysiological mechanisms, the initial level of energy resources and connected with individual features of information management and energy expenditure. On the basis of the data on trainability and on using the biological feedback a conclusion has been drawn that the combined estimation of the efficiency of activity regulation in the conditions of absence or presence of an external feedback makes it possible to adequately estimate the adaptive abilities as well as to control, to predict and if necessary to correct the functional condition of the human body.

We use single equation and system instrumental variable models to explore if individuals smoke during times of stress (the motivation effect) and if they are successful in self-medicating short-term stress (the self-medication effect). Short-term stress is a powerful motivator of smoking, and the decision to smoke could trigger biological feedback that immediately reduces short-term stress. We use data on self-reported smoking and stress from 240,388 current and former smokers. We instrument short-term stress with temporal distance from September 11, 2001 (using date of interview). We instrument smoking with cigarette accessibility measures of cigarette price changes and distance to state borders. In the absence of accounting for endogeneity, we find that smoking is associated with increases in short-term stress. However, when we account for endogeneity we find no evidence of smoking affecting short-term stress. We do find a consistent positive effect of short-term stress on smoking.

生物反馈技术是将人的生理心理信息反馈给受试者，受试者可以根据反馈信息自我训练的技术。本文利用光电式脉搏传感器采集脉搏信号，经过滤波和放大，将模拟量信号输入控制器Arduino进行A/D转换和数据处理，利用蓝牙串口HC06将信号传输至PC端Processing上位机显示，将结果反馈给受试者，达到生物反馈治疗的目的。 Biofeedback technology is the feedback of the human physiological and psychological information to the subjects. According to the feedback information, the subjects can carry out self-training. The photoelectric pulse sensor gathers pulse signal, and the signal will be filtered and amplified, which inputs the Arduino controller for A/D conversion and data processing. The signal will be trans-mitted to the PC using Bluetooth serial HC06. The signal shows in the Processing which can feedback the results to subjects, reaching the biofeedback therapy.

A protocol for EEG biological feedback (BFB) at infra-low frequencies (

The aim of the study is to develop a biotechnical system of the rehabilitation type, designed to restore the motor activity of the patient’s muscles through biotechnical and biological feedback. The obtained classification models of surface signals of electromyograms can be used to create intelligent rehabilitation systems for patients with neurological diseases and will allow the development of diagnostic test stimulation programs that can be used to create artificial biological feedback. This will provide new predictors of the risk of socially significant diseases.

The biological feedback provided by human water intake upon our physiology is grossly under-investigated [...]

An unbelievable revolution happened in medical science during the late '60s. A casual conversation with a colonel led Larry Hench to the invention of a biomaterial that is more biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive, which was named as Bioglass. The material started its journey with its application in the replacement of ossicles in the middle ear, and today Bioglass is dominating in major medical fields like bone tissue engineering, drug delivery, dentistry, and so on. The wide range of applications and such bio-friendly properties of the material also convey a message that this material is a promising area to work in the field of research. Bioglass is synthesized by two methods i) melt quenching and ii) sol-gel. We aim to help new optimistic researchers in uplifting their interest to conduct researches with this auspicious biomaterial. This paper provides a bird's eye view of the history, preparation process, composition of different bioactive glasses and their biological feedback, biocompatibility mechanism, fundamental properties, noteworthy applications, possibilities along with the shortcomings of Bioglass. The shortcomings of Bioglass are elaborated so that the researchers can explore more about those limitations. We have also depicted the chronological advancements of bioglasses over the years. We believe that the prospects of more advanced researches with Bioglass can bring more success in the modern biomedical world.

Cognitive impairment is common in poststroke patients. Today in rehabilitation programs the specialists use the vestibular stimulation including biological feedback to supporting reaction for treatment poststroke cognitive impairment. These studies show the relationship of vestibular function with memory, attention, spatial orientation, navigation, mental representation of three-dimensional space and other cognitive functions. It makes possible to build rehabilitation programs for patients with stroke.Когнитивные нарушения широко распространены у пациентов после инсульта. На сегодняшний день для коррекции этих расстройств в реабилитационных программах все чаще используются подходы с применением вестибулярной стимуляции, в том числе на основе биологической обратной связи по опорной реакции. Данные исследований свидетельствуют о связи вестибулярной функции с процессами обеспечения памяти, внимания, пространственной ориентации, навигации, мысленного представления трехмерного пространства и других когнитивных функций, что дает возможность построения реабилитационных программ для пациентов с инсультом.

SummaryFilters are widely used in engineering to reduce noise and/or the magnitude of a signal of interest. Feedback filters, or adaptive filters, are preferred if the signal noise distribution is unknown. One of the main challenges in Synthetic Biology remains the design of reliable constructs but these often fail to work as intended due, e.g. to their inherent stochasticity and burden on the host. Here we design, implement and test experimentally a biological feedback filter module based on small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) and self-cleaving ribozymes. Mathematical modelling demonstrates that it attenuates noise for a large range of parameters due to negative feedback introduced by the use of ribozymes and sRNA. Our module modifies the steady-state response of the filtered signal, and hence can be used for tuning the feedback strength while also reducing noise. We demonstrated these properties theoretically on the TetR autorepressor, enhanced with our sRNA module.

Biological signaling networks use feedback control to dynamically adjust their operation in real time. Traditional static genetic methods such as gene knockouts or rescue experiments often can identify the existence of feedback interactions, yet are unable to determine what feedback dynamics are required. Here, we implement a new strategy, closed loop optogenetic compensation (CLOC), to address this problem. Using a custom-built hardware and software infrastructure, CLOC monitors in real time the output of a pathway deleted for a feedback regulator. A minimal model uses these measurements to calculate and deliver— on the fly—an optogenetically-enabled transcriptional input designed to compensate for the effects of the feedback deletion. Application of CLOC to the yeast pheromone response pathway revealed surprisingly distinct dynamic requirements for three well-studied feedback regulators. CLOC, a marriage of control theory and traditional genetics, presents a broadly applicable methodology for defining the dynamic function of biological feedback regulators.

Objectives The objective of this study is to devise a modelling strategy for attaining in-silico models replicating human physiology and, in particular, the activity of the autonomic nervous system. Method Discrete Multiphysics (a multiphysics modelling technique) and Reinforcement Learning (a Machine Learning algorithm) are combined to achieve an in-silico model with the ability of self-learning and replicating feedback loops occurring in human physiology. Computational particles, used in Discrete Multiphysics to model biological systems, are associated to (computational) neurons: Reinforcement Learning trains these neurons to behave like they would in real biological systems. Results As benchmark/validation, we use the case of peristalsis in the oesophagus. Results show that the in-silico model effectively learns by itself how to propel the bolus in the oesophagus. Conclusions The combination of first principles modelling (e.g. multiphysics) and machine learning (e.g. Reinforcement Learning) represents a new powerful tool for in-silico modelling of human physiology. Biological feedback loops occurring, for instance, in peristaltic or metachronal motion, which until now could not be accounted for in in-silico models, can be tackled by the proposed technique.

Исследовалась эффективность использования в комплексной терапии когнитивных расстройств у детей, страдающих минимальной мозговой дисфункцией, метода электроэнцефалографической биологической обратной связи. В исследовании принимали участие дети в возрасте от 7 до 15 лет. Пациенты получали стандартизированную медикаментозную терапию. Исследуемые были разделены на две группы: первая проходила лечение только с помощью медикаментозной терапии, вторая группа дополнительно получала терапию из 10 сеансов биологической обратной связи. Проводилось сравнение двух групп, по результату которого, во второй группе отмечалось статистически значимое (р, The efficiency of using the method of lectroencephalographic biological feedback in the complex therapy of cognitive disorders in children with minimal brain dysfunction was studied. The study involved children aged 7 to 15 years. Patients received a standardized medical therapy. The subjects were divided into two groups: the first was treated only with medication, the second group received additional therapy from 10 sessions of biofeedback. The comparison of two groups was carried out, according to the result of which, in the second group there was a statistically significant (p

Исследовалась эффективность использования в комплексной терапии когнитивных расстройств у детей, страдающих минимальной мозговой дисфункцией, метода электроэнцефалографической биологической обратной связи. В исследовании принимали участие дети в возрасте от 7 до 15 лет. Пациенты получали стандартизированную медикаментозную терапию. Исследуемые были разделены на две группы: первая проходила лечение только с помощью медикаментозной терапии, вторая группа дополнительно получала терапию из 10 сеансов биологической обратной связи. Проводилось сравнение двух групп, по результату которого, во второй группе отмечалось статистически значимое (р, The efficiency of using the method of lectroencephalographic biological feedback in the complex therapy of cognitive disorders in children with minimal brain dysfunction was studied. The study involved children aged 7 to 15 years. Patients received a standardized medical therapy. The subjects were divided into two groups: the first was treated only with medication, the second group received additional therapy from 10 sessions of biofeedback. The comparison of two groups was carried out, according to the result of which, in the second group there was a statistically significant (p

SUMMARYBiological signaling networks use feedback control to dynamically adjust their operation in real time. Traditional static genetic methods such as gene knockouts or rescue experiments often can identify the existence of feedback interactions, yet are unable to determine what feedback dynamics are required. Here, we implement a new strategy, closed loop optogenetic compensation (CLOC), to address this problem. Using a custom-built hardware and software infrastructure, CLOC monitors in real time the output of a pathway deleted for a feedback regulator. A minimal model uses these measurements to calculate and deliver—on the fly—an optogenetically-enabled transcriptional input designed to compensate for the effects of the feedback deletion. Application of CLOC to the yeast pheromone response pathway revealed surprisingly distinct dynamic requirements for three well-studied feedback regulators. CLOC, a marriage of control theory and traditional genetics, presents a broadly applicable methodology for defining the dynamic function of biological feedback regulators.