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Spintronics is one of the most promising information technologies now, especially for nontrivial topological Dirac half-metal, which exhibits extraordinary electronic band and transport properties. In this work, we propose that 1T-CrO2 nanosheet is mechanical stable, large spin-gap, and room temperature ferromagnetic Dirac half metal. It also exhibits a desirable giant magneto band structure effect, and when the spin direction is switched from in-plane to out-of-plane with a spin orbital coupling effect, it will exhibit nontrivial topological phase transition. The topological tunable electronic band property makes it a very promising two-dimensional nanosheet for spintronics.

Semiconductor heterostructures have emerged as highly promising candidates for energy storage and conversion owing to their tunable electronic and structural properties by rational design and controllable synthesis at a molecular level. The overall electrochemical performance of the semiconductor heterostructures often depends on the carrier mobility from the semiconductor interfaces and faradaic redox reactions from their active sites. Herein, we report a facile, low-cost, two-step method to controllably grow MnO2 nanorods directly on CoMn2O4 nanosheets (i.e., MnO2@CoMn2O4) with robust adhesion. An induced electric field resulted from the interface effect of heterostructures tailors the kinetic performance of electrons and ions during the charge-discharge process, enhancing the electron mobility and reducing diffusion barrier for charge carriers (OH−) ions migration. As a result, the rational design and controllable heterostructures exhibit significantly improved electrochemical capacitive performance, including remarkable specific capacitance, excellent rate capability, and cycling stability. Furthermore, exploring MnO2@CoMn2O4 as positive electrode and N-doping 3D reduction of graphene oxide (N-3DrGO) as negative electrode yields an asymmetric supercapacitor with high energy density (230.57 mWh cm−2), remarkable power density (3.91 mW cm−2 at 149.99 mWh cm−2), and excellent cycling stability (81.3% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 3 mA cm−2). This work offers new opportunities to explore high-performance electrode materials by providing methods to control the interface in nano-heterostructures.

In this paper, vanadium carbides VC

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is purported to be involved in neuroplasticity and memory encoding. Here we found that CCK from the medial entorhinal (MEC) to hippocampus projections facilitated CA3-CA1 long-term potentiation (LTP), which further enabled spatial memory transfer. CCK knockout mice lacked theta-burst stimulation-induced CA3-CA1 LTP and their spatial memory were compromised. Upon high-frequency optical activation, the MEC CCKergic terminals in the hippocampus released CCK and induced CA3-CA1 LTP, mainly through CCK A receptors. However, down-regulation of the MEC Cck expression impaired LTP. Stimulation of hippocampal CCK neurons, the Schaffer Collaterals, or the inhibitory MEC to hippocampus terminals, induced no CA3-CA1 LTP. Activation of a group of CA1 pyramidal neurons when the mouse visited a certain place of an arena, induced primed place cells (PPCs). The CCK-strengthened connectivity of two groups of PPCs enabled the transfer of fear memory from one place to another, implicating CCK’s determining role in spatial memory encoding.

WO3 gas sensing material was synthesized by hydrothermal process, exhibiting a belt-like surface morphology. By comparing and analysing the UV–vis absorption spectra, it is shown that the band gap of WO3 nano-belts (NBs) is 0.56 eV larger than that of WO3 nano-particles (NPs). Surface photo-voltage (SPV) spectra and SPV phase spectra indicate that the direction of the surface built-in electric field is from the surface to the bulk of WO3 NBs and the surface band bending is upwards. WO3 NBs based photoelectric gas sensor was assembled for detecting high concentration of C2H5OH at room temperature. The results demonstrate that the WO3 NBs based photoelectric sensor exhibits higher sensitivity and resolution to high concentration (1000 ppm–20000 ppm) of ethanol at room temperature than WO3 NPs based photoelectric sensor. WO3 NBs are promising candidates of gas sensing material used to fabricate photoelectric gas sensor for high concentration C2H5OH detection operating at room temperature.

A new monolayer MnC

Soybean protein powders obtained by aqueous buffer and reverse micelle extractions were examined and characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These analysis methods provided detailed information about elemental distributions, surface structure, and secondary and microstructures of the protein, respectively. XPS data revealed that the O and N atomic percentages of soybean protein surfaces obtained with bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT)/hexane reverse micelles were higher than those obtained with aqueous buffer, whereas the percentage of atomic C was lower. The ratios of nitrogen to carbon (N/C) on the surface of soybean protein obtained through the two extraction methods were similar. The O/C ratio for soybean protein obtained from AOT reverse micelles was large. The obtained results indicated that the reverse micelles could affect the C, O, and N components on the surface of soybean proteins. Moreover, XRD and SEM results also showed the influence of AOT reverse micelles, which lead to more β-sheet and pore structures.

Here we introduce lattice defects in WTe2 by Ga+ implantation (GI), and study the effects of defects on the transport properties and electronic structures of the samples. Theoretical calculation shows that Te Frenkel defects is the dominant defect type, and Raman characterization results agree with this. Electrical transport measurements show that, after GI, significant changes are observed in magnetoresistance and Hall resistance. The classical two-band model analysis shows that both electron and hole concentration are significantly reduced. According to the calculated results, ion implantation leads to significant changes in the band structure and the Fermi surface of the WTe2. Our results indicate that defect engineering is an effective route of controlling the electronic properties of WTe2 devices.

In this work, synthesized magnetic silicone loaded with ionic liquid (Fe3O4@SiO2@IL) particles combined with gas-liquid-solid magnetically stabilized bed (GLS-MSB) were applied to enrich flavonoids from tree peony petal extraction solution. The magnetic core (Fe3O4) encased in silica was conducive to its rapid and efficient separation, and the modification of silica with ionic liquids (ILs) could provide the functional groups for selective adsorption of flavonoids. Furthermore, the magnetic materials were evenly dispersed in the GLS-MSB system, realizing the adequate contact and causing the positive influence on the result. After physicochemical characterization, the prepared Fe3O4@SiO2@IL (IL=VBimBr) particles were validated in the enrichment performance of flavonoids, including the type of ionic liquid loaded, desorption solution, adsorption and desorption kinetics. The adsorption kinetics obeyed the pseudo-second-order model, the adsorption isotherms were consistent with the Langmuir equation, and the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. Additionally, the dynamic processes using GLS-MSB packed with Fe3O4@SiO2@IL particles were evaluated systematically, deriving the optimum conditions (5 mL/min liquid flow rate, 130 mL Loading amount and 42.55 Oe magnetic field intensity) and improving the purity of flavonoids. After enrichment, the Fe3O4@SiO2@IL particles were successfully recycled and reused. Overall, the developed method offers a great potential for the enrichment of flavonoids from natural materials.

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of mesoporous bioactive glass with ordered nanopores (80S MBG) to adsorb and provide the delayed release of 125I-tagged bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). A 50 mg piece of 80S MBG was produced, which comprised SiO2, CaO and P2O5 in a component molar ratio of 80:15:5. Each MBG piece adsorbed 30 μg 125I-BMP-2. Persistent radioactivity in the MBG was periodically measured in simulated body fluid. The total amount of BMP-2 released and the mean amount released per day were calculated. A delayed release curve of BMP-2 was constructed. SPSS 15.0 software was used to perform a statistical analysis. The amount of BMP-2 released in the first two days was one-quarter of the total load. A line equation, y = 490.55×1/2 + 7268.82, was obtained from the square root of protein release doses value at 3–94 days. The total amount of BMP-2 released over 94 days was 11.894 μg, which was ~39.6% of the total load. The half-life of the release time was 248 days. From the second week, the rate of BMP release had stabilized to a mean of 37.42±18.67 ng/day and the difference of the mean amount released per day had no statistical significance (P>0.05). High adsorption and delayed release effects of BMP-2 were observed in 80S MBG. The delayed release conforms to the Higuchi equation, which indicates possible applications in promoting bone healing.

In this paper, we consider the problem of quickly detecting an abrupt change of linear coefficients in linear regression models. In particular, the observer sequentially observes a sequence of observations {(xn, yn)}∞n=1, which is assumed to obey a linear regression model at each time slot n. Some of the coefficients in the linear model change at a fixed but unknown time t. The post-change linear coefficients are unknown to the observer. The observer aims to design an online algorithm to detect the model change based on his sequential observations. Two performance metrics, namely the worst case detection delay (WADD) and the average run length to false alarm (ARL2FA), are adopted to evaluate the performance of detection algorithms. We design a low complexity algorithm, termed as parallel sum algorithm, for the detection purpose. An asymptotic upper bound on WADD is provided under any given ARL2FA constraint.

A new monolayer MnC2 was predicted as a stable 2D material associated with the result of phonon and AIMD calculations. The in-plane young's modulus is 73.6 N m−1, which is about of graphene. The monolayer MnC2 is antiferromagnetic with a Neel temperature around 280 K and from the Dirac point of the electronic band we got the fermi velocity of m s−1 showing excellent electronic transport property. The MnC2 sheet also possesses a promising application as an anode material in lithium ion battery.

In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating change-points in a high dimensional linear regression model. In the model considered, the linear coefficients have high dimensions, are sparse, and undergo multiple changes in the given data samples. Our goal is to estimate the number and locations of change-points and sparse coefficients in each of the intervals between change-points. We develop a sparse group Lasso (SGL) based approach to solve the proposed problem. Under certain assumptions and using a properly chosen regularization parameter, we show that estimation error of linear coefficients and change-point locations can be expressed as a function of the number of data point, the dimension of the model and the sparse level. From the derived error function, we then characterize the conditions under which the proposed estimator is consistent. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the performance of our approach.

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of mesoporous bioactive glass with ordered nanopores (80S MBG) to adsorb and provide the delayed release of 125I-tagged bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). A 50 mg piece of 80S MBG was produced, which comprised SiO2, CaO and P2O5 in a component molar ratio of 80:15:5. Each MBG piece adsorbed 30 μg 125I-BMP-2. Persistent radioactivity in the MBG was periodically measured in simulated body fluid. The total amount of BMP-2 released and the mean amount released per day were calculated. A delayed release curve of BMP-2 was constructed. SPSS 15.0 software was used to perform a statistical analysis. The amount of BMP-2 released in the first two days was one-quarter of the total load. A line equation, y = 490.55×1/2 + 7268.82, was obtained from the square root of protein release doses value at 3–94 days. The total amount of BMP-2 released over 94 days was 11.894 μg, which was ~39.6% of the total load. The half-life of the release time was 248 days. From the second week, the rate of BMP release had stabilized to a mean of 37.42±18.67 ng/day and the difference of the mean amount released per day had no statistical significance (P>0.05). High adsorption and delayed release effects of BMP-2 were observed in 80S MBG. The delayed release conforms to the Higuchi equation, which indicates possible applications in promoting bone healing.

Technical plan for the construction of Wind power Station on Housetop of buildings in a City(WSHC in short) put forward in this paper. The wind force turbine with two wind wheels was adopted in WSHC to capture wind energy and produce electricity as much as possible in the limited area on the housetop. No vanes can go down out of WSHC even if an accident of a vane breaking occurs because two technology protection measures are used here: first, the vanes of a wind wheel are linked up by a thin wire rope at middle of them; second, the webs made of stainless steel wires are fixed at inlet and outlet of the accelerate and orientate device. WSHC belong to environmental friendly and animal harmoniously ones because of the consideration of the webs mentioned above, so that the birds are stopped out of the wind power generator. The grid connection mode of commutating, inversing and connecting to the distribution network of the building was adopted in WSHC. Equipped by a connecting device in-house, each wind power generator can be controlled in max electric production mode during the term when voltage output of the generator higher than 12volts. The diameter of accelerate and orientate device of 3.6m was selected on the consideration about structural-load-carrying capacity of the present building. WSHC can be put into commercial operation in most area of China. Some has evident investment effectiveness because the investment payback time is only 2.4years as wind energy density is 300 W/m 2 , annual generation hours are 6000 hours and electricity price is 0.84yuan/(kW·h).

The design for the large scale wind power generator of 40MW, named as Linear Wind power Generator, LWG in short, was put forward. The vanes of LWG run along two of linear steel rails vertically from near the ground up to the high altitude, so that each part of the vanes can run in higher speed and produce mechanical power, the wind energy both near the ground and in high altitude can be utilized, and air kinetic energy will be converted to mechanical energy twice as the vanes run up and down; a special mechanical power transmission makes the mechanical power produced by the yawing wind force turbines transmitted into the inner of steel tower. About 12.3times more of output power can be produced by LWG than present wind power generator equipped with the vanes of same length as LWG.

To make the best of wind energy resources on the earth surface, the plan for a new type of wind power device, named Multiple wind wheel Wind power Device, MWD in short, was put forward. MWD composes steel tower, trusses, generator, long axis, wind turbines and wheel boxes. Only one generator installed on the ground in the middle of the generator room vertically. Several wind turbines installed to the steel tower of MWD, each wind turbine consists of front wind wheel, back wind wheel and wheel box. Common yawing equipment used for the wind turbine at top of the steel tower. Installed with bearings to the steel tower of MWD, driven by a common yawing equipment, each truss can turn slowly and independently around the steel tower as the wind changes its direction. The mechanical power generated by the wind turbines at ends of the trusses is continuously transmitted to the central axis in the middle of the steel tower via a special transmission. It is for the special design of MWD that the wind energy in both the high air and low air can be utilized, the wind energy escaping from back of front wind wheel also utilized. It is known by calculation that MWD will produce electricity 3.9~6.4 times of that produced by present wind power device in commercial operation.

Magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) is a kind of novel biodegradable bone adhesive for its distinct performance. However, there is few research work concerning on the systemic biocompatibility and genetic toxicological evaluation of MPC. In this study, the investigation on the inherited toxicology of MPC including gene mutation assay (Ames test), chromosome aberration assay (micronucleus test), and DNA damage assay (unscheduled DNA synthesis test) were carried out. Fracture healing and degradation behavior were explored for the evaluation of the biocompatibility of MPC, using macroscopical histological, histomorphometrical, and scanning electron microscopical methods. The results of mutagenicity and potential carcinogenicity of MPC extracts were negative, and the animal implantation illustrated no toxicity and good resorption. The study suggested that bioresorbable MPC was safe for application and might have potential applications for physiological fracture fixation.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a new method of calculating resonant frequency, referred to as standing wave minimal antinode method (SWMAM). This makes it possible to consider the influence of resistance, since zero antinode is no longer a necessity as in an ideal standing wave system. Numerical simulation will be made on three types of tubes for their resonant frequencies with three methods, focusing on the influences of impedance composition on the resonant frequency. The SWMAM is proved valid for calculating resonant frequency, after comparison with two traditional methods. It is convenient for analyzing the influence of impedance on the resonant frequency. The impedance of tube ends has obvious effect on resonant frequency when the resistance is not so large. When the end buffer volume is 0.5–3 times that of tube, the resistance fraction greatly affects the resonant frequency. Based on three different methods, numerical simulation has been made on three types of tubes for their resonant frequencies, focusing on the influences of impedance composition on the resonant frequency. Results under different conditions are used to discuss the equality and difference among these methods.

Background Risk factors for delirium following cardiac surgery are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intra-operative pathophysiological alterations and therapeutic interventions influence the risk of post-operative delirium. Methods This retrospective cohort study was performed in a 12-bed cardiosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital and included patients consecutively admitted after cardiac surgery during a 2-month period. The diagnosis of delirium was made clinically using validated scores. Comparisons between patients with and without delirium were performed with non-parametric tests. Logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors. Results are given as number (percent) or median (range). Results Of the 194 consecutive post-cardiac surgery patients, 50 (26 %) developed delirium during their ICU stay. Univariate analysis revealed that significant differences between patients with and without delirium occurred in the following intra-operative variables: duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (184 [72–299] vs 113 (37–717) minutes, p