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51. Impact of vegetation and soil moisture seasonal dynamics on dust emissions over the Sahel

Author

Pierre, C., Bergametti, G., Marticoréna, B., Mougin, E., Bouet, C., Schmechtig, C., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, VARIATION ANNUELLE, VARIATION SAISONNIERE, COUVERT VEGETAL, SURFACE DU SOL, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], HUMIDITE DU SOL, AEROSOL, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, DESERT, MODELISATION, EROSION EOLIENNE
Abstract

International audience; [1] To address the challenging issue of estimating mineral dust emissions from the semi-arid Sahel, a modeling approach is developed by combining two specific models: one dedicated to the simulation of the seasonal herbaceous layer in the Sahel (STEP) and the other to the estimation of dust emissions (MB). The area of interest is the Sahelian belt (12 N-20 N, 20 W-35 E) and the simulations were performed at a 0.25 spatial resolution over a 4-year period (2004-2007). The rainfall forcing is provided by a TRMM (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission) satellite-derived product; the other meteorological data are ECMWF products. An empirical parameterization is used to estimate the surface roughness and its temporal dynamics according to the characteristics of the simulated vegetation in terms of surface cover and height. Where no vegetation grows, the surface properties are considered as constant in time and are derived from the POLDER-1 satellite measurements. Simulations are constrained step by step by comparisons with observations. Simulated annual dust fluxes emitted from the whole area range from approximately 100 Mt to 400 Mt depending on the year, in good agreement with previous works dealing with Saharan dust emissions. For the fringe where herbaceous vegetation can affect dust emissions, the annual dust emission fluxes range between 0.5 Mt and 20 Mt depending on the year. Inhibition of dust emissions due to the seasonal dynamics of vegetation and surface soil moisture over this fringe varies between 20% and 35%. Citation: Pierre, C., G. Bergametti, B. Marticorena, E. Mougin, C. Bouet, and C. Schmechtig (2012), Impact of vegetation and soil moisture seasonal dynamics on dust emissions over the Sahel

Published
2012

52. An aerodynamic roughness length map derived from extended martian rock abundance data

Author

Hébrard, Eric, Listowski, Constantino, Coll, P., Marticorena, B., Bergametti, G., Määttänen, Anni, Montmessin, Franck, Forget, François, SSE 2012, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES)Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Rock abundance, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Surface/atmosphere interactions, Aerodynamic roughness length
Abstract

International audience; Many boundary layer processes simulated within a Mars General Circulation Model (MGCM), including the description of the processes controlling dust rising from the Martian surface, are highly sensitive to the aerodynamic roughness length z0. On the basis of rock-size frequency distributions inferred from different Martian landing sites and Earth analog sites, we have first established that lognormal-modeled rock-size frequency distributions are able to reproduce correctly the observed Martian rock populations. We have validated the hypothesis that the rock abundance ζ of a given area could be estimated at a first order from its thermophysical properties, namely its thermal inertia I and its albedo α. We have demonstrated the possibility of using rock abundance ζ to estimate the roughness density λ on Mars and to retrieve subsequently the aerodynamic roughness length by using semi-empirical relationships based on terrestrial wind-tunnel and field measurements. By combining our methodology with remote sensing measurements of the Thermal Emission Spectrometer aboard Mars Global Surveyor, we have derived a global map of the aeolian aerodynamic roughness length with a 1/8° × 1/8° resolution over the entire Martian surface. Contrary to what is often assumed, the Martian aeolian aerodynamic roughness length is spatially highly heterogeneous. At the fullest resolution, the Martian aerodynamic roughness length varies from 10−3 cm to 2.33 cm. About 84% of the Martian surface seems to be characterized by an aeolian aerodynamic roughness length value lower than 1 cm, the spatially uniform value that most of the MGCMs simulations have assumed recently. Since the aerodynamic roughness length z0 is a key parameter in deriving the erosion threshold wind velocities, we anticipate a significant impact of our findings on the efficiencies for lifting dust in future MGCMs.

Published
2012

53. Estimation of Sahelian Aeolian Dust Emissions Based on Vegetation Modelling

Author

Pierre, C., Mougin, Éric, Marticorena, B., Bergametti, G., Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract

International audience; The amount of dust emitted by wind from semi-arid regions is estimated with a large degree of uncertainty, mainly due to the difficulty in accounting for the effects of the seasonal vegetation. The temporal change of the vegetation has been investigated over the Sahelian belt (12°N to 20°N and 20°W to 35°E) from 2004 to 2007 with a daily time resolution. The seasonal vegetation was simulated using the STEP model (Sahelian Transpiration Evaporation and Productivity model; [1] ; [2] ) at scales of 0.1° and 0.25°. The simulations have been compared to the MODIS Leaf Area Indexes (LAI). The comparisons between the simulated vegetation fields and the MODIS LAI have been performed by examining the field structure, the dynamics of the vegetation growth, and the amount of vegetation. The agreement with satellite LAI is very satisfying during the active growth period, both in terms of structure and amount. The period of vegetation growth appears as very sensitive to the initialization parameters of the STEP model, which therefore have been carefully constrained. Based on these vegetation fields, Sahelian dust emissions are simulated and the influence of the seasonal vegetation is estimated.

Published
2010

58. Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources, concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts

Author

Mahowald, N., Jickells, T.D., Baker, A.R., Artaxo, P., Benitez-Nelson, C.R., Bergametti, G., Bond, T.C., Chen, Y., Cohen, D.D., Herut, B., Kubilay, N., Losno, R., Luo, C., Maenhaut, W., McGee, K.A., Okin, G.S., Siefert, R.L., and Tsukuda, S.

Abstract

A worldwide compilation of atmospheric total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate (PO4) concentration and deposition flux observations are combined with transport model simulations to derive the global distribution of concentrations and deposition fluxes of TP and PO4. Our results suggest that mineral aerosols are the dominant source of TP on a global scale (82%), with primary biogenic particles (12%) and combustion sources (5%) important in nondusty regions. Globally averaged anthropogenic inputs are estimated to be ∼5 and 15% for TP and PO4, respectively, and may contribute as much as 50% to the deposition over the oligotrophic ocean where productivity may be phosphorus‐limited. There is a net loss of TP from many (but not all) land ecosystems and a net gain of TP by the oceans (560 Gg P a−1). More measurements of atmospheric TP and PO4 will assist in reducing uncertainties in our understanding of the role that atmospheric phosphorus may play in global biogeochemistry.

Published
2008

59. Intercomparison of SCIAMACHY nitrogen dioxide observations, in situ measurements and air quality modeling results over Western Europe

Author

Blond, N., Boersma, K., Eskes, H., van Der A, R., van Roozendael, M., de Smedt, I., Bergametti, G., Vautard, R., Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement [Strasbourg] (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Atmospheric Composition Division [De Bilt] (ATCOM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
SCIAMACHY, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Air quality modeling, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, NO2
Abstract

International audience; [1] The Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite spectrometer provides detailed information on the nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) content in the planetary boundary layer. NO 2 tropospheric column retrievals of SCIAMACHY and its predecessor Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment are characterized by errors of the order of 40%. We present here a new SCIAMACHY tropospheric retrieval data set for the year 2003. The cloud free satellite observations are compared to surface measurements and simulations over western Europe performed with the regional air-quality model CHIMERE. The model has a resolution of 50 km similar to the satellite observations. For these comparisons, averaging kernels are applied to the collocated model profiles to remove the dependency of the comparison on a priori NO 2 profile information used in the retrieval. The consistency of both SCIAMACHY and CHIMERE outputs over sites where surface measurements are available allows us to be confident in evaluation of the model over large areas not covered by surface observations. CHIMERE underestimates surface NO 2 concentrations for urban and suburban stations which we mainly attribute to the low representativeness of point observations. No such bias is found for rural locations. The yearly average SCIAMACHY and CHIMERE spatial NO 2 distributions show a high degree of quantitative agreement over rural and urban sites: a bias of 5% (relative to the retrievals) and a correlation coefficient of 0.87 (n = 2003). On a seasonal basis, biases are smaller than 20% and correlation coefficients are larger than 0.75. Spatial correlations between both the model and satellite columns and the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP) emission inventory are high in summer (r = 0.74, n = 1779) and low in winter (r = 0.48, n = 1078), related to seasonal changes in lifetime and transport. On the other hand, CHIMERE and SCIAMACHY columns are mutually consistent in summer (r = 0.82) and in winter (r = 0.79). This shows that CHIMERE simulates the transport and chemical processes with a reasonable accuracy. The NO 2 columns show a high daily variability. The daily NO 2 pollution plumes observed by SCIAMACHY are often well described by CHIMERE both in extent and in location. This result demonstrates the capabilities of a satellite instrument such as SCIAMACHY to monitor the NO 2 concentrations over large areas on a daily basis. It provides evidence that present and future satellite missions, in combination with CTM and surface data, will contribute to improve quantitative air quality analyses at a continental scale. Citation: Blond, N., K. F. Boersma, H. J. Eskes, R. J. van der A, M. Van Roozendael, I. De Smedt, G. Bergametti, and R. Vautard (2007), Intercomparison of SCIAMACHY nitrogen dioxide observations, in situ measurements and air quality modeling results over Western Europe

Published
2007

60. African monsoon multidisciplinary analyses : extended abstracts

Author

Formenti, P., Marticorena, B., Desboeufs, K., Rajot, Jean-Louis, Chatenet, B., Schmechtig, C., Menut, L., Gaudichet, A., Goossens, D., Journet, E., Sow, M., Maille, M., Fierli, F., Cairo, F., Didonfrancesco, G., Alfaro, S., Caquineau, Sandrine, Bergametti, G., Dulac, F., Manga, A.O., Diallo, Abdoulaye, Traoré, S., Coulibaly, B.S., Cautenet, G., Genau, I. (ed.), Marsh, S. (ed.), McQuaid, J. (ed.), Redelsperger, J.L. (ed.), Thorncroft, C. (ed.), and Van Den Akker, E. (ed.)

Subjects
VARIATION INTERANNUELLE, VARIATION ANNUELLE, GEOCHIMIE, POUSSIERE, ELEMENT MINERAL, ATMOSPHERE, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Published
2006

61. The geostationary tropospheric pollution explorer (GeoTROPE) mission: objectives, requirements and mission concept

Author

Burrows, J.P, Bovensmann, H., Bergametti, G., Flaud, J.M, Orphal, J., No€ El, S, Monks, P.S, Corlett, G.K, Goede, A.P, von Clarmann, T, Steck, T, Fischer, H, Friedl-Vallon, F, Noël, S., Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques (LP3), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung (IMK), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)

Subjects
Pollution, Atmospheric chemistry, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, media_common.quotation_subject, Cloud cover, Aerospace Engineering, Natural and anthropogenic pollution, 01 natural sciences, Troposphere, Atmosphere, 0103 physical sciences, Atmospheric science, Temporal scales, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Air quality index, Tropospheric composition, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Remote sensing, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Geostationary orbit, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Scale (map)
Abstract

International audience; One of the major challenges facing atmospheric sciences is to assess, understand and quantify the impact of natural and an-thropogenic pollution on the quality of life on Earth on a local, regional and continental scale. It has become apparent that pollution originating from local/regional events can have serious effects on the composition of the lower atmosphere on a continental scale. However, to understand the effects of regional pollution on a continental scale there is a requirement to transcend traditional atmospheric spatial and temporal scales and attempt to monitor the entire atmosphere at the same time. In the troposphere the variability of chemical processes, of source strength and the dynamics induce important short term, i.e., sub-hourly, variations and significant horizontal and vertical variability of constituents and geophysical parameters relevant to a range of contemporary issues such as air quality. To study tropospheric composition, it is therefore required to link diurnal with seasonal and annual timescales, as well as local and regional with continental spatial scales, by performing sub-hourly measurements at appropriate horizontal and vertical resolution. Tropospheric observations from low-Earth orbit (LEO) platforms have already demonstrated the potential of detecting constituents relevant for air quality but they are limited, for example by the daily revisit time and local cloud cover statistics. The net result of this is that the troposphere is currently significantly under sampled. Measurements from Geostationary Orbit (GEO) offer the only practical approach to the observation of diurnal variation from space with the pertinent horizontal resolution. The Geostationary Tropospheric Pollution Explorer (GeoTROPE) is an attempt to determine tropospheric constituents with high temporal and spatial resolution. The paper will summarise the needs for geostationary observations of tropospheric composition and will give the mission objectives and the requirements.

Published
2004

63. Non-steady-state biological removal of atmospheric particles from Mediterranean surface waters

Author

Buat-Menard, P., Davies, J., Remoudaki, E., Miquel, J.C., Bergametti, G., Lambert, C.E., Ezat, U., Quetel, C., La Rosa, J., and Fowler, S.W.

Subjects
Mediterranean Sea -- Research, Biogeochemistry -- Research, Marine sediments -- Analysis, Sedimentation and deposition -- Analysis, Ocean-atmosphere interaction -- Analysis, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Published
1989

64. Modeling the atmospheric distribution of mineral aerosol: comparison with ground measurements and satellite observations for yearly and synoptic time scales over the north Atlantic

Author

Guelle, Walter, Balkanski, Y., Schulz, Michael, Marticorena, Beatrice, Bergametti, G., Moulin, Cyril, Arimoto, R., Perry, K.D., Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEMRC/New Mexico State University, and 1400 University Drive

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2000

66. Dust Sources and Emission Modelling

Author

Laurent, B., Marticorena, B., Bergametti, G., Tegen, I., Schepanski, Kerstin, Heinold, B., Laurent, B., Marticorena, B., Bergametti, G., Tegen, I., Schepanski, Kerstin, and Heinold, B.

Published
2007

67. Factors controlling threshold friction velocities in semi-arid areas of the United States

Author

Marticorena, Beatrice, Bergametti, G., Gillette, Dale, Belnap, Jayne, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract

International audience; A physical model was developed to explain threshold friction velocities u*t for particles of the size 60–120 μm lying on a rough surface in loose soils for semiarid and arid parts of the United States. The model corrected for the effect of momentum absorption by the nonerodible roughness. For loose or disturbed soils the most important parameter that controls u*t is the aerodynamic roughness height z0. For physical crusts damaged by wind the size of erodible crust pieces is important along with the roughness. The presence of cyanobacteriallichen soil crusts roughens the surface, and the biological fibrous growth aggregates soil particles. Only undisturbed sandy soils and disturbed soils of all types would be expected to be erodible in normal wind storms. Therefore disturbance of soils by both cattle and humans is very important in predicting wind erosion as confirmed by our measurements.

Published
1997

68. Origins of African dust transported over the northeastern tropical Atlantic: Meteorological and trajectography analysis, geochemical characteristics

Author

Chiapello, Isabelle, Bergametti, G., Chatenet, Bernadette, Bousquet, Philippe, Dulac, François, santos soares, emmanuel, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Bioingénierie et NanoSciences (LBN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Servico Nacional de Meteorologia i Geofisic, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; On the basis of 3 years of daily measurements of mineral dust concentrations at Sal Island (Cape Verde), this study focuses on the origin of the dust transported over the northeastern tropical Atlantic during the dusty season (October to April). Using backward trajectories, we have identified three different sectors of origin of the transported dust, covering the Sahara (north/west and central/south) and the Sahel regions. Time variations of the dust transport from these different areas can be explained by the seasonal shift of the subtropical high‐pressure center. A geochemical approach highlights that the calcium amount and the Si/Al ratio of the transported dust differ according to these source regions, in relation to their respective soil compositions.

Published
1997

69. Variability of mineral dust deposition in the western Mediterranean basin and South-East of France.

Author

Vincent, J., Laurent, B., Losno, R., Nguyen, E. Bon, Roullet, P., Sauvage, S., Chevaillier, S., Coddeville, P., Ouboulmane, N., di Sarra, A. G., Tovar-Sánchez, A., Sferlazzo, D., Massanet, A., Triquet, S., Baquero, R. Morales, Fornier, M., Coursier, C., Desboeufs, K., Dulac, F., and Bergametti, G.

Abstract

Previous studies have provided some insight into the Saharan dust deposition at a few specific locations from observations over long time periods or intensive field campaigns. However, no assessment of the dust deposition temporal variability in connection with its regional spatial distribution has been achieved so far from network observations over more than one year. To investigate dust deposition dynamics at the regional scale, five automatic deposition collectors named CARAGA ("Collecteur Automatique de Retombées Atmosphériques insolubles à Grande Autonomie" in French) have been deployed in the western Mediterranean region during one to three years depending on the station. The sites include, from South to North, Lampedusa Isl., Mallorca Isl., Corsica Isl., Frioul Isl. and Le Casset (South of French Alps). Deposition measurements are performed on a common weekly period at the 5 sites. The mean Saharan dust deposition fluxes are higher close to the North African coasts and decrease following a South to North gradient, with values from 7.4 gm-2 yr-1 in Lampedusa (35°31' N-12°37' E) to 1 gm-2 yr-1 in Le Casset (44°59' N-6°28' E). The maximum deposition flux recorded is of 3.2 gm-2 wk-1 in Mallorca with only 2 other events showing more than 1 gm-2 wk-1 in Lampedusa, and a maximum of 0.5 gm-2 wk-1 in Corsica. The maximum value of 2.1 gm-2 yr-1 observed in Corsica in 2013 is much lower than existing records in the area over the 3 previous decades (11-14 gm-2 yr-1). From the 537 available samples, ninety eight major Saharan dust deposition events have been identified in the records between 2011 and 2013. Complementary observations provided by both satellite and air mass trajectories are used to identify the dust provenance areas and the transport pathways from the Sahara to the stations. Despite the large size of African dust plumes detected by satellites, more than eighty percent of the major dust deposition events are recorded at only one station, suggesting that the dust provenance, transport, and deposition processes (i.e. wet vs. dry) of dust are different and specific for the different deposition sites in the Mediterranean studied area. The results also show that wet deposition is the main way of deposition for mineral dust in the western Mediterranean basin, but the contribution of dry deposition is far to be negligible, and contributes by 15 to 46% to the major dust deposition events, depending on the sampling site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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70. An instrumented station for the survey of ozone and climate change in the southern tropics

Author

Baray, Jean Luc, Baldy, S., Jouzel, Jean, Keckhut, Philippe, Bergametti, G., Ancellet, G., Bencherif, H., Cadet, B., Carleer, Michel, David, Christiane, De Mazière, Martine, Faduilhe, D., Beekmann, S.G., Goloub, P., Goutail, Florence, Metzger, J.M., Morel, B., Pommereau, Jean Pierre, Porteneuve, Jacques, Portafaix, Thierry, Posny, Françoise, Robert, L., Van Roozendael, Michel, Baray, Jean Luc, Baldy, S., Jouzel, Jean, Keckhut, Philippe, Bergametti, G., Ancellet, G., Bencherif, H., Cadet, B., Carleer, Michel, David, Christiane, De Mazière, Martine, Faduilhe, D., Beekmann, S.G., Goloub, P., Goutail, Florence, Metzger, J.M., Morel, B., Pommereau, Jean Pierre, Porteneuve, Jacques, Portafaix, Thierry, Posny, Françoise, Robert, L., and Van Roozendael, Michel

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2006

71. Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry and climate

Author

Jickels, T. D., An, Z. S., Andersen, K. K., Baker, A. R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Cao, J. J., Boyd, P. W., Duce, R. A., Hunter, K. A., Kawahata, H., Kubilay, N., LaRoche, Julie, Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J. M., Ridgwell, A. J., Tegen, I., Torres, R., Jickels, T. D., An, Z. S., Andersen, K. K., Baker, A. R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Cao, J. J., Boyd, P. W., Duce, R. A., Hunter, K. A., Kawahata, H., Kubilay, N., LaRoche, Julie, Liss, P. S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J. M., Ridgwell, A. J., Tegen, I., and Torres, R.

Published
2005
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72. Global iron connections between desert dust, ocean biogeochemistry, and climate

Author

Jickells, T.D., An, Z.S., Andersen, Katrine K., Baker, A.R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Cao, J.J., Boyd, P.W., Duce, R.A., Hunter, K.A., Kawahata, H., Kubilay, N., LaRoche, J., Liss, P.S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J.M., Ridgwell, A.J., Tegen, I., Torres, R., Jickells, T.D., An, Z.S., Andersen, Katrine K., Baker, A.R., Bergametti, G., Brooks, N., Cao, J.J., Boyd, P.W., Duce, R.A., Hunter, K.A., Kawahata, H., Kubilay, N., LaRoche, J., Liss, P.S., Mahowald, N., Prospero, J.M., Ridgwell, A.J., Tegen, I., and Torres, R.

Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 1 April

Published
2005

73. 3-D evaluation of tropospheric ozone simulations by an ensemble of regional Chemistry Transport Model

Author

Zyryanov, D., primary, Foret, G., additional, Eremenko, M., additional, Beekmann, M., additional, Cammas, J.-P., additional, D'Isidoro, M., additional, Elbern, H., additional, Flemming, J., additional, Friese, E., additional, Kioutsioutkis, I., additional, Maurizi, A., additional, Melas, D., additional, Meleux, F., additional, Menut, L., additional, Moinat, P., additional, Peuch, V.-H., additional, Poupkou, A., additional, Razinger, M., additional, Schultz, M., additional, Stein, O., additional, Suttie, A. M., additional, Valdebenito, A., additional, Zerefos, C., additional, Dufour, G., additional, Bergametti, G., additional, and Flaud, J.-M., additional

Published
2012
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77. Supplementary material to "3-D evaluation of tropospheric ozone simulations by an ensemble of regional Chemistry Transport Model"

Author

Zyryanov, D., primary, Foret, G., additional, Eremenko, M., additional, Beekmann, M., additional, Cammas, J.-P., additional, D'Isidoro, M., additional, Elbern, H., additional, Flemming, J., additional, Friese, E., additional, Kioutsioutkis, I., additional, Maurizi, A., additional, Melas, D., additional, Meleux, F., additional, Menut, L., additional, Moinat, P., additional, Peuch, V.-H., additional, Poupkou, A., additional, Razinger, M., additional, Schultz, M., additional, Stein, O., additional, Suttie, A. M., additional, Valdebenito, A., additional, Zerefos, C., additional, Dufour, G., additional, Bergametti, G., additional, and Flaud, J.-M., additional

Published
2011
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78. 3-D evaluation of tropospheric ozone simulations by an ensemble of regional Chemistry Transport Model

Author

Zyryanov, D., primary, Foret, G., additional, Eremenko, M., additional, Beekmann, M., additional, Cammas, J.-P., additional, D'Isidoro, M., additional, Elbern, H., additional, Flemming, J., additional, Friese, E., additional, Kioutsioutkis, I., additional, Maurizi, A., additional, Melas, D., additional, Meleux, F., additional, Menut, L., additional, Moinat, P., additional, Peuch, V.-H., additional, Poupkou, A., additional, Razinger, M., additional, Schultz, M., additional, Stein, O., additional, Suttie, A. M., additional, Valdebenito, A., additional, Zerefos, C., additional, Dufour, G., additional, Bergametti, G., additional, and Flaud, J.-M., additional

Published
2011
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87. An automatic collector to monitor insoluble atmospheric deposition: an application for mineral dust deposition.

Author

Laurent, B., Losno, R., Chevaillier, S., Vincent, J., Roullet, P., Bon Nguyen, E., Ouboulmane, N., Triquet, S., Fornier, M., Raimbault, P., and Bergametti, G.

Subjects
MASS budget (Geophysics), ATMOSPHERIC deposition, MINERAL dusts, AIR masses, TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics)
Abstract

Deposition is one of the key processes controlling the mass budget of the atmospheric mineral dust concentration. However, dust deposition remains poorly constrained in transport models simulating the atmospheric dust cycle. This is mainly due to the limited number of relevant deposition measurements. This paper aims at presenting an automatic collector (CARAGA), specially developed to sample the total (dry and wet) atmospheric deposition of insoluble dust in remote areas. The autonomy of the CARAGA can range from 25 days to almost 1 year depending on the programed sampling time step (1 day and 2 weeks sampling time steps, respectively). This collector is used to sample atmospheric deposition on Frioul Island which is located in the Gulf of Lions in the Western Mediterranean Basin over which Saharan dust can be transported and deposited. To quantify the mineral dust mass in deposition samples, a weighing and ignition protocol is applied. Two years of continuous deposition measurements performed on a weekly time step sampling on Frioul Island are presented and discussed with in-situ measurements, air mass trajectories and satellite observations of dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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88. An instrumented station for the survey of ozone and climate change in the southern tropics

Author

Baray, J.-L., primary, Leveau, J., additional, Baldy, S., additional, Jouzel, J., additional, Keckhut, P., additional, Bergametti, G., additional, Ancellet, G., additional, Bencherif, H., additional, Cadet, B., additional, Carleer, M., additional, David, C., additional, De Mazière, M., additional, Faduilhe, D., additional, Godin Beekmann, S., additional, Goloub, P., additional, Goutail, F., additional, Metzger, J. M., additional, Morel, B., additional, Pommereau, J. P., additional, Porteneuve, J., additional, Portafaix, T., additional, Posny, F., additional, Robert, L., additional, and Van Roozendael, M., additional

Published
2006
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99. A 3d Regional Scale Photochemical Air Quality Model. Application to a 3 Day Summertime Episode over Paris

Author

Carissimo, B., primary, Dupont, E., additional, Musson-Genon, L., additional, Riboud, P. M., additional, Jaecker-Voirol, A., additional, Lipphardt, M., additional, Martin, B., additional, Quandalle, Ph., additional, Salles, J., additional, Aumont, B., additional, Bergametti, G., additional, Bey, I., additional, and Toupance, G., additional

Published
1998
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