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61. Med-CORDEX initiative for Mediterranean climate studies

Author

Ruti, P.M. Somot, S. Giorgi, F. Dubois, C. Flaounas, E. Obermann, A. Dell'Aquila, A. Pisacane, G. Harzallah, A. Lombardi, E. Ahrens, B. Akhtar, N. Alias, A. Arsouze, T. Aznar, R. Bastin, S. Bartholy, J. Béranger, K. Beuvier, J. Bouffies-Cloché, S. Brauch, J. Cabos, W. Calmanti, S. Calvet, J.-C. Carillo, A. Conte, D. Coppola, E. Djurdjevic, V. Drobinski, P. Elizalde-Arellano, A. Gaertner, M. Galàn, P. Gallardo, C. Gualdi, S. Goncalves, M. Jorba, O. Jordà, G. L'Heveder, B. Lebeaupin-Brossier, C. Li, L. Liguori, G. Lionello, P. Maciàs, D. Nabat, P. Önol, B. Raikovic, B. Ramage, K. Sevault, F. Sannino, G. Struglia, M.V. Sanna, A. Torma, C. Vervatis, V.

Abstract

The Mediterranean is expected to be one of the most prominent and vulnerable climate change "hotspots" of the twenty-first century, and the physical mechanisms underlying this finding are still not clear. Furthermore, complex interactions and feedbacks involving ocean-atmosphere-land-biogeochemical processes play a prominent role in modulating the climate and environment of the Mediterranean region on a range of spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, it is critical to provide robust climate change information for use in vulnerability-impact-adaptation assessment studies considering the Mediterranean as a fully coupled environmental system. The Mediterranean Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (Med-CORDEX) initiative aims at coordinating the Mediterranean climate modeling community toward the development of fully coupled regional climate simulations, improving all relevant components of the system from atmosphere and ocean dynamics to land surface, hydrology, and biogeochemical processes. The primary goals of Med-CORDEX are to improve understanding of past climate variability and trends and to provide more accurate and reliable future projections, assessing in a quantitative and robust way the added value of using high-resolution and coupled regional climate models. The coordination activities and the scientific outcomes of Med-CORDEX can produce an important framework to foster the development of regional Earth system models in several key regions worldwide. ©2016 American Meteorological Society.

Published
2016

67. Liquefaction Features Produced by the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence in Southwest Christchurch, New Zealand, and Preliminary Assessment of Paleoliquefaction Features

Author

Villamor, P., primary, Almond, P., additional, Tuttle, M. P., additional, Giona‐Bucci, M., additional, Langridge, R. M., additional, Clark, K., additional, Ries, W., additional, Bastin, S. H., additional, Eger, A., additional, Vandergoes, M., additional, Quigley, M. C., additional, Barker, P., additional, Martin, F., additional, and Howarth, J., additional

Published
2016
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72. HyMeX, le cycle de l'eau méditerranéen à la loupe

Author

Drobinski, Philippe, Ducrocq, Vincent, Arbogast, P., Basdevant, C., Bastin, S., Beguery, L., Belamari, S., Béranger, K., Bock, O., Bouin, M.N., Boudevillain, B., Bousquet, O., Bouvier, C., Braud, Isabelle, Calvet, J.C., Champollion, C., Chanzy, Andre, Claude, Mathilde, Cocquerez, P., Coppola, L., Coquillat, S., Courault, Dominique, Defer, E., Delanoë, J., Delrieu, G., Doerenbecher, A., Dörfliger, Nathalie, Esteves, M., Estournel, C., Flamant, Cyril, Fourrié, N., Garrouste, O., Gaume, E., Giordani, H., Gomes, Luciana, Roberts, G., Jourde, H., Labatut, L., Lambert, D., Le Coz, Jérémy, Ludwig, Wolfgang, Lutoff, C., Mahfouf, J.F., Martin, E., Mastrorillo, Laurence, Mathys, N., Michel, Y., Nuret, M., Orain, F., Perez, Sarah, Prigent, Cybill, Radakovitch, O., Ramage, Karine, Richard, E., Roujeau, J.L., Roussot, Odile, Ruin, I., Saïd, F., Schwarzenböck, A., Sellegri, K., Somot, S., Taupier Letage, I., Testor, P., Van Baelen, J.S., Vandervaere, J.P., Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), LABORATOIRE DE RECHERCHE EN GEODESIE LAREG INSTITUT GEOGRAPHIQUE NATIONAL MARNE LA VALLEE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), OBSERVATOIRE OCEANOLOGIQUE DE VILLEFRANCHE SUR MER FRA, LABORATOIRE D'AEROLOGIE TOULOUSE FRA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), CENTRE DE FORMATION ET DE RECHERCHE SUR LES ENVIRONNEMENTS MEDITERRANEENS CEFREM PERPIGNAN FRA, PACTE GRENOBLE FRA, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Météo France, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), HYDROSCIENCES MONTPELLIER FRA, GEOSCIENCES MONTPELLIER FRA, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, HYMEX, BASSIN MEDITERRANEEN
Abstract

D’initiative française, le projet international HyMeX a pour objectif d’améliorer la compréhension du cycle de l’eau en Méditerranée, de sa variabilité, de l’échelle de l’événement météorologique aux échelles saisonnières et interannuelles, et de ses caractéristiques sur une décennie, dans un contexte de changement global. Le projet est motivé par le rôle déterminant des processus de mésoéchelle, couplés entre l’atmosphère, la mer et la terre, sur la variabilité du système climatique et sur le déclenchement d’événements hydrométéorologiques extrêmes (précipitations et inondations, vents forts et convection océanique, canicules et sécheresses). Le projet vise enfin à évaluer les conséquences de ces événements extrêmes sur la vulnérabilité sociale et économique de cette région et sa capacité d’adaptation.

Published
2013

79. Regional transport and dilution during high pollution episodes in southeastern France: Summary of findings from the ESCOMPTE experiment

Author

Drobinski, Ph., Said, F., Ancellet, G., Arteta, J., Augustin, P., Bastin, S., Brut, A., Caccia, J. L., Campistron, B., Cautenet, S., Colette, A., Coll, I., Corsmeier, U., Cros, B., Dabas, A., Delbarre, H., Dufour, A., Durand, P., Guénard, V., Hasel, M., Kalthoff, N., Kottmeier, Ch., Lasry, F., Lemonsu, A., Lohou, F., Masson, V., Menut, L., Moppert, C., Peuch, V.H., Puygrenier, V., Reitebuch, Oliver, and Vautard, R.

Subjects
Lidar, French Mediterranean basin, air pollution, coastal atmospheric circulation, mesoscale meteorology
Abstract

In the French Mediterranean basin the large city of Marseille and its industrialized suburbs (oil plants in the Fos-Berre area) are major pollutant sources that cause frequent and hazardous pollution episodes, especially in summer when intense solar heating enhances the photochemical activity and when the sea breeze circulation redistributes pollutants farther north in the countryside. This paper summarizes the findings of 5 years of research on the sea breeze in southern France and related mesoscale transport and dilution of pollutants within the Field Experiment to Constraint Models of Atmospheric Pollution and Emissions Transport (ESCOMPTE) program held in June and July 2001. This paper provides an overview of the experimental and numerical challenges identified before the ESCOMPTE field experiment and summarizes the key findings made in observation, simulation, and theory. We specifically address the role of large-scale atmospheric circulation to local ozone vertical distribution and the mesoscale processes driving horizontal advection of pollutants and vertical transport and mixing via entrainment at the top of the sea breeze or at the front and venting along the sloped terrain. The crucial importance of the interactions between processes of various spatial and temporal scales is thus highlighted. The advances in numerical modeling and forecasting of sea breeze events and ozone pollution episodes in southern France are also underlined. Finally, we conclude and point out some open research questions needing further investigation.

Published
2007

88. Cyclone contribution to the Mediterranean Sea water budget.

Author

Flaounas, E., Luca, A., Drobinski, P., Mailler, S., Arsouze, T., Bastin, S., Beranger, K., and Lebeaupin Brossier, C.

Subjects
CYCLONES, SEAWATER, METEOROLOGICAL precipitation, EVAPORATION (Meteorology), OCEAN temperature
Abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of cyclones to the atmospheric components on the Mediterranean Sea Water Budget, namely the cyclones contribution to precipitation and evaporation over the Mediterranean Sea. Three regional simulations were performed with the WRF model for the period 1989-2008. The model was run (1) as a standalone model, (2) coupled with the oceanic model NEMO-MED12 and (3) forced by the smoothed Sea Surface Temperature (SST) fields from the second simulation. Cyclones were tracked in all simulations, and their contribution to the total rainfall and evaporation was quantified. Results show that cyclones are mainly associated with extreme precipitation, representing more than 50 % of the annual rainfall over the Mediterranean Sea. On the other hand, we found that cyclone-induced evaporation represents only a small fraction of the annual total, except in winter, when the most intense Mediterranean cyclones take place. Despite the significant contribution of cyclones to rainfall, our results show that there is a balance between cyclone-induced rainfall and evaporation, suggesting a weak net impact of cyclones on the Mediterranean Sea water budget. The sensitivity of our results with respect to rapid SST changes during the development of cyclones was also investigated. Both rainfall and evaporation are affected in correlation with the SST response to the atmosphere. In fact, air feedbacks to the Mediterranean Sea during the cyclones occurrence were shown to cool down the SST and consequently to reduce rainfall and evaporation at the proximity of cyclone centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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96. Regional transport and dilution during high‐pollution episodes in southern France: Summary of findings from the Field Experiment to Constraint Models of Atmospheric Pollution and Emissions Transport (ESCOMPTE)

Author

Drobinski, P., primary, Saïd, F., additional, Ancellet, G., additional, Arteta, J., additional, Augustin, P., additional, Bastin, S., additional, Brut, A., additional, Caccia, J. L., additional, Campistron, B., additional, Cautenet, S., additional, Colette, A., additional, Coll, I., additional, Corsmeier, U., additional, Cros, B., additional, Dabas, A., additional, Delbarre, H., additional, Dufour, A., additional, Durand, P., additional, Guénard, V., additional, Hasel, M., additional, Kalthoff, N., additional, Kottmeier, C., additional, Lasry, F., additional, Lemonsu, A., additional, Lohou, F., additional, Masson, V., additional, Menut, L., additional, Moppert, C., additional, Peuch, V. H., additional, Puygrenier, V., additional, Reitebuch, O., additional, and Vautard, R., additional

Published
2007
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97. Sensitivity testing of WRF parameterizations on air-sea interaction and its impact on water cycle in the Gulf of Guinea.

Author

Meynadier, Rémi, de Coëtlogon, G., Bastin, S., Eymard, L., and Janicot, S.

Subjects
METEOROLOGICAL research, SENSITIVITY analysis, PARAMETERIZATION, HYDROLOGIC cycle, MICROPHYSICS, RADIOSONDE observations of the boundary layer
Abstract

A strong ocean-atmosphere coupling exists in the eastern equatorial region of the tropical Atlantic at intraseasonal time-scales, with a significant contribution in the functioning and partitioning of the water cycle in spring over the ocean, as well as later in the season over West Africa. Uncertainties in simulating the air-sea interaction in the Gulf of Guinea and its impact on the water cycle are studied using modelling experiments during spring-summer 2006 with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). Tested parameters include physical packages of cumulus ( Cu), planetary boundary-layer ( PBL), microphysics ( MP) and radiative ( RAD) schemes. The simulations are compared with satellite-based observations, ship-based radiosonde data and state-of-the-art atmospheric model reanalyses. Results show that cumulus, microphysics and radiative parametrizations exert a large influence on the simulated seasonal distribution of regional convective rainfall. Non-local PBL schemes are determinant to simulate the correct surface wind pattern and water vapor distribution in order to get realistic precipitation from intra-seasonal to diurnal scales, especially over the ocean where the nocturnal rainfall representation is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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