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The focus of the paper are types of and differences in collective group identity patterns that evolve from the analysis of materials from Polish and English public Internet space (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk 2013a, 2013b). The examples we discuss involve the British 38 Degrees movement on the one hand (Wilson 2013), and Polish Internet discourses concerning the abortion legislature-related movement (Czarny Protest ‘Black Protest’) and the medical residents’ protests, on the other. We propose that these types of scenarios invariably involve attempts to achieve a state of wellbeing by the participants and that there are two variants of the relevant scenarios—conflict and cooperation. The first part of the paper discusses the concept of identity and presents the cultural background of Polish and English communities and a description of the British 38 Degrees organization, with over one million members, that campaigns on a number of diverse social and political issues. Polish Internet communication is exemplified in comments of different groups of users on current events presented in on-line press articles, in particular exchanges concerning the abortion legislation issue and the medical residents’ protest. We investigate the dynamics of the particular events, their basic emotionality axis and relate them to differences in English and Polish cultural models as investigated in cultural and cultural linguistic research Hofstede (1980; Sharifian (2017). The topics of the exchanges involve a range of varying discourse strategies and their linguistic realization (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk 2015). The process of particular importance in this context involves the mechanism of emergent culture-bound identity in Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC), grounded in a sense of common emotionality around issues that are predominantly of a social and political character.

Two studies are reported that assess the moderation of shame and related emotions in Polish university students in different English L2 learning scenarios. In the first study, students on speaking and writing courses completed a questionnaire in which they rated the likelihood of their emotional responses to hypothetical situations in learning scenarios that they experienced. In both courses the main reduction in shame was shown in scenarios that provided more private as opposed to public evaluation. The corresponding decreases for fear, anxiety, anger and hopelessness were less pronounced and were dependent on the emotion and scenario. In the second study, results of regular email peer co-operation between students of English at Polish and US universities are reported. In both studies the reduction of the level of shame/embarrassment, conditioned by the presence of less formal communication scenarios, is observed, along with the development of the students’ more positive linguistic self-evaluation.

The present paper focuses on a comparison between expressive features of principal members of the British English emotion cluster of compassion (empathy, sympathy and compassion) and their prototypical dictionary equivalents in Polish, empatia and wspolczucie. A cross-cultural asymmetry between the English and Polish clusters is argued to increase in the case of the Polish emotion sympatia, which presents a more peripheral correspondence pattern than the more polysemous concept of English sympathy and is shown to belong to a different Emotion Cluster (love/happiness). The expression features of empathy, sympathy and compassion in British English and Polish need to be tuned accordingly in socially interactive robots to enable them to operate successfully in these cultures. The results showed that British English compassion is characterized by more positive valence and more of a desire to act than Polish wspolczucie. Polish empatia, as juxtaposed to British English empathy, which has a wider range of application, presents a less consistent pattern of correspondences. The results further showed that although the processes of emotion recognition and expression in robotics must be tuned to culture-specific emotion models, the more explicit patterns of responsiveness (British English for the compassion model in our case) is also recommended for the transfer to make cognitive and sensory infocommunication more readily interpretable by interacting agents.

The paper aims to uncover the interactional discourseThere are cultural and language-related aspects of these processes identified with regard to differences between Polish and English in terms of discourse strategies, cultural dimensions, presence of incivility and emotionality dynamics. Considered from the overall level of the relationship between conflict and emotions, what is observed is the radicalization of the attitudes and their language expression, accompanied by the rise in emotional arousal as evidenced both in the English and Polish sets of data, although differences in the degree of its overtness are still distinct.

The paper focuses on a comparison of cultural emotion models and schemas of pride in British English and Polish. We use the concepts of cultural pride/duma models, which employ pride/duma clusters, and the more schematic pride/duma schemas. Pride/duma and a number of other lexical items from the clusters are instantiations of pride/duma models and schemas. We propose that such models and schemas comprise emotion clusters rather than single emotions. In the present study we include not only British English pride and its widely accepted Polish equivalent duma, but also hubristic pride, which is represented in Polish by proznośc and pycha. While proznośc is most frequently rendered as English vanity, pycha—sharing equivalence space with the more positive duma—can be considered close to English pride in some contexts. All of these meanings are blended with other emotions in the cluster such as contempt, conceit and slight, and immersed in cultural dimensions (e.g., individualism and collectivism, religion), which, together, shape culture-specific models of pride. Three different research methods, the questionnaire-based GRID instrument, online emotions sorting task, and a cognitive analysis of monolingual and translational corpus data, are used to identify cross-linguistic and cross-cultural similarities and differences. Each of these points to different cultural-linguistic schemas of pride/duma in English and Polish, particularly with reference to divergent polarity marking in duma/pride items (more negative in English), while overlaps between Polish and English complex cultural models involve similarities between pride and duma construal in their basic metaphoricity and Source Domains.

The present paper identifies differences in the expression features of compassion, sympathy and empathy in British English and Polish that need to be tuned accordingly in socially interactive robots to enable them to operate successfully in these cultures. The results showed that English compassion is characterised by more positive valence and more of a desire to act than Polish wspolczucie. Polish empatia is also characterised by a more negative valence than English empathy, which has a wider range of application. When used in positive contexts, English sympathy corresponds to Polish sympatia; however, it also acquires elements of negative valence in English. The results further showed that although the processes of emotion recognition and expression in robotics must be tuned to culture-specific emotion models, the more explicit patterns of responsiveness (British English for the compassion model in our case) is also recommended for the transfer to make the cognitive and sensory infocommunication more readily interpretable by the interacting agents.

The objective of the present paper is a comparison of the GRID questionnaire and a cognitive corpus-based analysis, which are used to investigate a selection of emotions, particularly surprise and related concepts, in Polish and British English. The research questions asked concern the cross-linguistic status of emotion concepts and the identification of the universally valid tertium comparationis. Overlaps with other emotions both within Polish and English and between these languages are investigated and general conclusions concerning the nature of meaning that evolves from the study are presented.

Contents: Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk/Krzysztof Kosecki: Introduction - Argiro Vatakis: TIMELY: A Network on Timing and Time Perception - Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk: Time and Time Experience in Language - Dwight Holbrook: Is Present Time a Precondition for the Existence of the Material and Public World? - James Moir: Time to Talk - Jacek Walinski: Complementarity of Space and Time in Motion-Framed Distance - Jacek Walinski: Atemporality of Coextension Paths - Janusz Badio: Temporal Parameters of Narrative Events: a Study of Unitizing a Videotaped Activity and its Verbal Coding - Jerzy Tomaszczyk: Investigating Perceptions of Lexical Obsolence - Martina Ivanova: Evidentiality and Temporal Perspective of Utterance - Joanna Latkowska: Creating the Timeline in English Narratives: the Bilingual Perspective - Dan Zakay/Dida Fleisig/Neta David: Prospective Timing During Conversations - Anna Esposito/Antonietta M. Esposito/Marilena Esposito: On Distinctive Visual and Auditory Timing Cues in Language Tasks - Andrzej Boguslawski: A Brief Account of a Negation Theory of the Slavonic Verbal Aspects - John Newman/Kristina Geeraert: TIME in a Semantically-annotated Corpus of Canadian English - Joanna Pawliczak: Time Metaphors in English - a Corpus-based Study - Krzysztof Kosecki: Metaphorical and Metonymic Representations of Time in Polish Sign Language - Agnes Leroux: Duration in English and in French: a Linguistic Description of the Relation Between a Process and a Time Interval - Michal B. Paradowski: Enhancing the Acquisition of Foreign-language Tense Properties - Valery Lichev: Relativity of Time in Belles-lettres - Jacek Wisniewski: When does an Era End? The Example of British Great War Poetry - Jadwiga Uchman: Time and Drama - the Last Soliloquy in Christopher Marlowe's Doctor Faustus - Sonia Front: "Absent Presence" - Quantum Time and Quantum Consciousness in Wilson Harris's Palace of the Peacock - Selga Goldmane: Translation of Time: from Literary Work to Screen in Stanley Kubrick's Films - Karen Heald/Susan Ligget: Time and the Chora: "Transitory Strata" and "in-between-ness" within "Dream Films" - Magdalena Zegarlinska: "In the Darkness of Future Past". Time in David Lynch's Films.