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51. Changes in Pigments and Volatiles of Saffron ( Crocus sativusL) During Processing and Storage

Author

S. G. Agarwal, Govind S Gaur, Ashok K. Bhatia, and Bansi L Raina

Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics, Chromatography, biology, ved/biology, Organoleptic, Flavour, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, biology.organism_classification, Safranal, Crocin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Crocus sativus, Postharvest, Food science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Flavor, Food Science, Biotechnology, Crocus
Abstract

Significant variations were observed in the concentration of pigments (10.0-17.0%, moisture-free basis) and flavour components during different postharvest processing conditions of saffron (stigmas ex Crocus sativus L). The crocin pigments concentration was highest (15-17%) in the saffron samples dried between 35 degrees C and 50 degrees C either in a solar dryer or in an oven dryer and this also resulted in considerable reduction of normal drying time. Under these conditions the main flavouring component, safranal, was at its peak value of 60% in the oil in almost all the samples except the vacuum oven dried samples which interestingly contained 4-beta-hydroxysafranal in major amounts. Studies indicated that 4-beta-hydroxysafranal may be an intermediate in the formation of safranal. It was observed that prolonged storage affected the pigments and flavour concentration to a great extent, but proper packaging and storage with 5% moisture in the saffron reduced the deterioration, thereby increasing the shelflife of the product.

Published
1996

53. The effect of combined antiretroviral therapy on the overall mortality of HIV-infected individuals

Author

Ray, M., Logan, R., Sterne, J.A.C., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Robins, J.M., Sabin, C., Bansi, L., Sighem, A. van, Wolf, F. de, Costagliola, D., Lanoy, E., Bucher, H.C., Wyl, V. von, Esteve, A., Casabona, J., Amo, J. del, Moreno, S., Justice, A., Gouler, J., Lodi, S., Phillips, A., Seng, R., Meyer, L., Perez-Hoyos, S., Olalla, P.G. de, Herman, M.A., Phillips, A.N., Gilson, R., Easterbrook, P., Fisher, M., Gazzard, B., Johnson, M., Walsh, J., Leen, C., Orkin, C., Anderson, J., Pillay, D., Delpech, V., Schwenk, A., Dunn, D., Gompels, M., Hill, T., Porter, K., Babiker, A., HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration, Wyler, Claire-Anne, Other departments, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious diseases, Graduate School, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, General Internal Medicine, Global Health, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, and Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention

Subjects
Cart, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Immunology, Marginal structural model, Antiretroviral Therapy, HIV Infections, Article, Drug Administration Schedule, Europe/epidemiology, Zidovudine, Pharmacotherapy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Drug Therapy, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Internal medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Highly Active, Prospective cohort study, Proportional Hazards Models, ddc:618, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Poverty-related infectious diseases [N4i 3], virus diseases, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/mortality, Drug Therapy, Combination/mortality, Middle Aged, Viral Load, medicine.disease, United States/epidemiology, United States, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Europe, Infectious Diseases, HIV Infections/drug therapy/mortality, Combination, HIV-1, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 88938.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on mortality among HIV-infected individuals after appropriate adjustment for time-varying confounding by indication. DESIGN: A collaboration of 12 prospective cohort studies from Europe and the United States (the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration) that includes 62 760 HIV-infected, therapy-naive individuals followed for an average of 3.3 years. Inverse probability weighting of marginal structural models was used to adjust for measured confounding by indication. RESULTS: Two thousand and thirty-nine individuals died during the follow-up. The mortality hazard ratio was 0.48 (95% confidence interval 0.41-0.57) for cART initiation versus no initiation. In analyses stratified by CD4 cell count at baseline, the corresponding hazard ratios were 0.29 (0.22-0.37) for less than 100 cells/microl, 0.33 (0.25-0.44) for 100 to less than 200 cells/microl, 0.38 (0.28-0.52) for 200 to less than 350 cells/microl, 0.55 (0.41-0.74) for 350 to less than 500 cells/microl, and 0.77 (0.58-1.01) for 500 cells/microl or more. The estimated hazard ratio varied with years since initiation of cART from 0.57 (0.49-0.67) for less than 1 year since initiation to 0.21 (0.14-0.31) for 5 years or more (P value for trend

Published
2010

54. Death rates in HIV-positive antiretroviral-naive patients with CD4 count greater than 350 cells per microL in Europe and North America: a pooled cohort observational study

Author

Study Group on Death Rates at High CD4 Count in Antiretroviral Naive Patients, Lodwick, Rk, Sabin, Ca, Porter, K, Ledergerber, B, van Sighem, A, Cozzi Lepri, A, Khaykin, P, Mocroft, A, Jacobson, L, De Wit, S, Obel, N, Castagna, A, Wasmuth, Jc, Gill, J, Klein, Mb, Gange, S, Riera, M, Mussini, C, Gutiérrez, F, Touloumi, G, Carrieri, P, Guest, Jl, Brockmeyer, Nh, Collaborators: Antoniadou A, Phillips A. N., Gargalianos Kakolyris, P, Katsarou, O, Kordossis, T, Lazanas, M, Panos, G, Paparizos, V, Paraskevis, D, Petrikkos, G, Sambatakou, H, Skoutelis, A, Pantazis, N, Bakoyannis, G, Gioukari, V, de Wolf, F, Bezemer, Do, Gras, La, Kesselring, Am, van Sighem AI, Smit, C, Zhang, S, Zaheri, S, Prins, Jm, Schreij, G, Bravenboer, B, van der Ende ME, Kauffmann, Rh, ten Kate RW, Kroon, Fp, Bronsveld, W, Vriesendorp, R, van Houte, D, ten Napel CH, Brinkman, K, van Eeden, A, Mulder, Jw, Juttmann, Jr, Veenstra, J, Koopmans, Pp, Sprenger, Hg, Hoepelman, Im, Danner, Sa, Richter, C, Tanis, Aa, Clumeck, N, Delforge, M, Necsoi, C, Demeester, R, Gennotte, Af, Gerard, M, Guillaume, Mp, Hermans, P, Kabeya, K, Konopnicki, D, Martin, C, Libois, A, Payen, Mc, Semaille, P, Van Laethem, Y, Del Amo, J, Meyer, L, Bucher, Hc, Chêne, G, Pillay, D, Prins, M, Rosinska, M, Sabin, C, Lodi, S, Coughlin, K, Walker, S, Babiker, A, Bucher, H, de Luca, A, Fisher, M, Muga, R, Fätkenheuer, G, Rockstroh, J, Vehreschild, J, Hertenstein, C, Berenguer, J, del Amo, J, García, F, Labarga, P, Moreno, S, Angeles Muñoz, M, Caro Murillo AM, Sobrino, P, Pérez Cachafeiro, S, Jarrín, I, Alejos, B, García, I, Gómez Sirvent, J, Soriano, V, Pulido, F, Iribarren, J, Masiá, M, Vidal, F, Sanz, J, Blanco, Ja, Sola, J, Gerstoft, J, Kronborg, G, Røge, B, Larsen, Cs, Pedersen, G, Laursen, Al, Nielsen, L, Jensen, J, Babacan, E, Bickel, M, Bodtländer, A, Brodt, Hr, Carlebach, A, Gute, P, Haberl, A, Helm, E, Klauke, S, Knecht, G, Lennemann, T, Locher, L, Lutz, T, Mösch, M, Müller, A, Nisius, G, Staszewski, S, Stephan, C, Stürmer, M, von Hentig, N, Wolf, T, Rimland, D, Moanna, A, Moorfield, M, Dorsey, M, Desilva, Ke, Schlueter Wirtz, S, Mindley, R, Dozier, R, Robinson, Y, Brown, P, Moroni, M, Angarano, G, Antinori, A, Carosi, G, Cauda, R, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Di Perri, G, Galli, M, Ghinelli, G, Iardino, R, Ippolito, G, Lazzarin, A, Mazzotta, F, Perno, Cf, Viale, Pl, Von Schlosser, F, Ammassari, A, Balotta, C, Bonfanti, P, Capobianchi, Mr, Ceccherini Silberstein, F, De Luca, A, Gervasoni, C, Girardi, E, Lo Caputo, S, Maggiolo, F, Murri, R, Puoti, M, Torti, Carlo, Salpietro, S, Marangione, M, Galli, L, Gianotti, N, Cossarini, F, Spagnuolo, V, Arendt, G, Esser, S, Jäger, H, Schwarze, S, Stoll, M, Wolf, H, Jansen, K, Michalik, C, Skaletz Rorowski, A, Königs, C, Gingelmaier, A, Margolick, Jb, Jacobson, Lp, Phair, Jp, Wolinsky, Sm, Detels, R, Rinaldo, Cr, Boirot, C, Bouhnik, Ad, Carrieri, Mp, Cassuto, Jp, Chesney, M, Cohen, J, Dellamonica, P, Dujardin, P, Gallais, H, Gastaut, Ja, Kurkdji, P, Lepeu, G, Mechali, D, Moatti, Jp, Moreau, J, Nègre, M, Obadia, Y, Poizot Martin, I, Pradier, C, Préau, M, Rey, D, Roux, P, Rouzioux, C, Sobel, A, Spire, B, Trémolières, F, Villes, V, Vincent, E, Vlahov, D, Borghi, V, Casabona, J, Miró, Jm, Gatell, Jm, López Dieguez Puerta, M, Tural, C, Clotet, B, Podzamczer, D, Ferrer, E, Murillas, J, Segura, F, Navarro, G, Force, L, Vilaró, J, Masabeu, A, Guadarrama, M, Betancourt, Aj, Romero, A, Agustí, C, Battegay, M, Bernasconi, E, Böni, J, Bürgisser, P, Calmy, A, Cavassini, M, Dubs, R, Egger, M, Elzi, L, Fischer, M, Flepp, M, Fontana, A, Francioli, P, Furrer, H, Fux, Ca, Gorgievski, M, Günthard, Hf, Hirsch, Hh, Hirschel, B, Hösli, I, Kahlert, C, Kaiser, L, Karrer, U, Kind, C, Klimkait, T, Martinetti, G, Martinez, B, Müller, N, Nadal, D, Paccaud, F, Pantaleo, G, Rauch, A, Regenass, S, Rickenbach, M, Rudin, C, Schmid, P, Schultze, D, Schöni, F, Schüpbach, J, Speck, R, Taffé, P, Telenti, A, Trkola, A, Vernazza, P, Weber, R, Yerly, S, Ainsworth, J, Anderson, J, Delpech, V, Dunn, D, Easterbrook, P, Gazzard, B, Gilson, R, Gompels, M, Hill, T, Johnson, M, Leen, C, Nelson, M, Orkin, C, Palfreeman, A, Phillips, A, Post, F, Schwenk, A, Walsh, J, Bansi, L, Huntington, S, Glabay, A, Anastos, K, Minkoff, H, Young, M, Greenblatt, R, Levine, A, Cohen, M, and Gange, S.

Published
2010

55. Kinetics of the Thermal Isomerization of Methylcyclopropane

Author

Janet Y. Cho, David K. Lewis, and Bansi L. Kalra

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Reaction rate constant, chemistry, Diradical, Kinetics, Thermal, Analytical chemistry, Methylcyclopropane, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Kinetic energy, Isomerization
Abstract

Kinetic parameters for the unimolecular thermal isomerizations of methylcyclopropane to four isomeric butenes have been determined from rate constant measurements over a wide range of temperatures, 695−1154 K, using a single-pulse shock tube and a static reactor. For the overall reaction, Ea = 64.4 ± 0.3 and log(A, s-1) = 15.37 ± 0.07, values consistent with earlier studies at lower temperatures. The measured rate constants for the isomerization to cis- and trans-2-butene give Ea = 63.3 ± 0.3 and 64.9 ± 0.3 kcal/mol, and log(A, s-1) = 14.60 ± 0.07 and 14.75 ± 0.06, respectively, values in good agreement with the thermochemically based predictions of O'Neal and Benson. The similarity of kinetic parameters for the two reactions is consistent with the formation of the two 2-butenes through a common diradical intermediate. Kinetic data for 1-butene and 2-methylpropene formation are well represented by Ea = 64.5 ± 0.5 and 66.4 ± 0.2 kcal/mol and log(A, s-1) = 15.02 ± 0.11 and 14.81 ± 0.05. The higher Ea for 2-...

Published
1999

56. Does short-term virologic failure translate to clinical events in antiretroviral-naïve patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in clinical practice?

Author

Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration, Mugavero, Mj, May, M, Harris, R, Saag, Ms, Costagliola, D, Egger, M, Phillips, A, Günthard, Hf, Dabis, F, Hogg, R, de Wolf, F, Fatkenheuer, G, Gill, Mj, Justice, A, D'Arminio Monforte, A, Lampe, F, Miró, Jm, Staszewski, S, Collaborators: Casabona J, Sterne J. A., Geneviè, C, del Amo, J, Fätkenheuer, G, Gill, J, Guest, J, Kitahata, M, Ledergerber, B, Mocroft, A, Reiss, P, Saag, M, Sterne, J, Sterne, Ja, Abgrall, S, Barin, F, Bentata, M, Billaud, E, Boué, F, Burty, C, Cabié, A, Cotte, L, De Truchis, P, Duval, X, Duvivier, C, Enel, P, Fredouille Heripret, L, Gasnault, J, Gaud, C, Gilquin, J, Grabar, S, Katlama, C, Khuong, Ma, Lang, Jm, Lascaux, As, Launay, O, Mahamat, A, Mary Krause, M, Matheron, S, Meynard, Jl, Pavie, J, Pialoux, G, Pilorgé, F, Poizot Martin, I, Pradier, C, Reynes, J, Rouveix, E, Simon, A, Tattevin, P, Tissot Dupon, H, Viard, Jp, Viget, N, Pariente Khayat, A, Salomon, V, Jacquemet, N, Rivet, A, Abgral, S, Guiguet, M, Kousignian, I, Lanoy, E, Lièvre, L, Potard, V, Selinger Leneman, H, Bouvet, E, Crickx, B, Ecobichon, Jl, Leport, C, Picard Dahan, C, Yeni, P, Tisne Dessus, D, Weiss, L, Salmon, D, Sicard, D, Auperin, I, Roudière, L, Fior, R, Delfraissy, Jf, Goujard, C, Jung, C, Lesprit, P, Desplanque, N, Meyohas, Mc, Picard, O, Cadranel, J, Mayaud, C, Bricaire, F, Herson, S, Clauvel, Jp, Decazes, Jm, Gerard, L, Molina, Jm, Diemer, M, Sellier, P, Berthé, H, Dupont, C, Chandemerle, C, Mortier, E, de Truchis, P, Honoré, P, Jeantils, V, Tassi, S, Mechali, D, Taverne, B, Gourdon, F, Laurichesse, H, Fresard, A, Lucht, F, Eglinger, P, Faller, Jp, Bazin, C, Verdon, R, Boibieux, A, Peyramond, D, Livroze, Jm, Touraine, Jl, Trepo, C, Ravaux, I, Tissot Dupont, H, Delmont, Jp, Moreau, J, Gastaut, Ja, Retornaz, F, Soubeyrand, J, Allegre, T, Blanc, Pa, Galinier, A, Ruiz, Jm, Lepeu, G, Granet Brunello, P, Esterni, Jp, Pelissier, L, Cohen Valensi, R, Nezri, M, Chadapaud, S, Laffeuillade, A, Laffeuillade, J, May, T, Rabaud, C, Raffi, F, Pugliese, P, Arvieux, C, Michelet, C, Borsa Lebas, F, Caron, F, Fraisse, P, Rey, D, Arlet Suau, E, Cuzin, L, Massip, P, Thiercelin Legrand MF, Yasdanpanah, Y, Pradinaud, R, Sobesky, M, Contant, M, Montroni, M, Scalise, G, Braschi, Mc, Riva, A, Tirelli, U, Cinelli, R, Pastore, G, Ladisa, N, Suter, F, Arici, C, Chiodo, F, Colangeli, V, Fiorini, C, Carosi, Giampiero, Cristini, G, Torti, Carlo, Minardi, C, Bertelli, D, Quirino, T, Manconi, Pe, Piano, P, Cosco, L, Scerbo, A, Vecchiet, J, D'Alessandro, M, Santoro, D, Pusterla, L, Carnevale, G, Zoncada, A, Viganò, P, Mena, M, Ghinelli, F, Sighinolfi, L, Leoncini, F, Mazzotta, F, Pozzi, M, Lo Caputo, S, Angarano, G, Grisorio, B, Saracino, A, Ferrara, S, Grima, P, Grima, F, Pagano, G, Cassola, G, Alessandrini, A, Piscopo, R, Toti, M, Trezzi, M, Soscia, F, Tacconi, L, Orani, A, Perini, P, Scasso, A, Vincenti, A, Chiodera, F, Castelli, P, Scalzini, A, Palvarini, L, Moroni, M, Lazzarin, A, Rizzardini, G, d'Arminio Monforte, A, Galli, A, Merli, S, Pastecchia, C, Moioli, Mc, Esposito, R, Mussini, C, Abresci, N, Chirianni, A, Izzo, Cm, Piazza, M, De Marco, M, Viglietti, R, Manzillo, E, Nappa, S, Colomba, A, Abbadessa, V, Prestileo, T, Mancuso, S, Ferrari, C, Pizzaferri, P, Filice, G, Minoli, L, Bruno, R, Novati, S, Baldelli, F, Tinca, M, Petrelli, E, Cioppi, A, Cioppi, F, Ruggieri, A, Menichetti, F, Martinelli, C, De Stefano, C, La Gala, A, Ballardini, G, Rizzo, E, Magnani, G, Ursitti, Ma, Arlotti, M, Ortolani, P, Cauda, R, Dianzani, F, Ippolito, G, Antinori, A, Antonucci, G, Ciardi, M, Narciso, P, Petrosillo, N, Vullo, V, De Luca, A, Zaccarelli, M, Acinapura, R, De Longis, P, Brandi, A, Trotta, Mp, Noto, P, Lichtne, M, Capobianch, Mr, Carletti, F, Girardi, E, Pezzotti, P, Rezza, G, Mura, Ms, Mannazzu, M, Caramello, P, Di Perri, G, Sciandra, M, Orofino, Gc, Grossi, Pa, Basilico, C, Poggio, A, Bottari, G, Raise, E, Ebo, F, Pellizzer, G, Buonfrate, D, Resta, F, Loso, K, Cozzi Lepri, A, Battegay, M, Bernasconi, E, Böni, J, Bucher, Hc, Bürgisser, P, Calmy, A, Cattacin, S, Cavassini, M, Dubs, R, Elzi, L, Fischer, M, Flepp, M, Fontana, A, Francioli, P, Furrer, H, Fux, C, Gorgievski, M, Günthard, H, Hirsch, H, Hirschel, B, Hösli, I, Kahlert, Ch, Kaiser, L, Karrer, U, Kind, C, Klimkait, T, Martinetti, G, Martinez, B, Martinez, N, Nadal, D, Opravil, M, Paccaud, F, Pantaleo, G, Rauch, A, Regenass, S, Rickenbach, M, Rudin, C, Schmid, P, Schultze, D, Schüpbach, J, Speck, R, Taffé, P, Telenti, A, Trkola, A, Vernazza, P, Weber, R, Yerly, S, Gras, La, van Sighem AI, Smit, C, Prins, Jm, Branger, J, Eeftinck Schattenkerk JK, Gisolf, J, Godfried, Mh, Lange, Jm, Lettinga, Kd, van der Meer JT, Nellen, Fj, van der Poll, T, Ruys, Ta, Steingrover, R, Vermeulen, Jn, Vrouenraets, Sm, van Vugt, M, Wit, Fw, Kuijpers, Tw, Pajkrt, D, Scherpbier, Hj, van Eeden, A, Brinkman, K, van den Berk GE, Blok, Wl, Frissen, Ph, Roos, Jc, Schouten, We, Mulder, Jw, van Gorp EC, Wagenaar, J, Veenstra, J, Danner, Sa, Van Agtmael MA, Claessen, Fa, Perenboom, Rm, Rijkeboer, A, van Vonderen MG, Richter, C, van der Berg, J, Vriesendorp, R, Jeurissen, Fj, Kauffmann, Rh, Pogány, K, Bravenboer, B, Sprenger, Hg, van Assen, S, van Leeuwen JT, Doedens, R, Scholvinck, Eh, ten Kate RW, Soetekouw, R, van Houte, D, Polée, Mb, Kroon, Fp, van den Broek PJ, van Dissel JT, Schippers, Ef, Schreij, G, van der Geest, S, Lowe, S, Verbon, A, Koopmans, Pp, Van Crevel, R, de Groot, R, Keuter, M, Post, F, van der Ven AJ, Warris, A, van der Ende ME, Gyssens, Ic, van der Feltz, M, Nouwen, Jl, Rijnders, Bj, de Vries TE, Driessen, G, van der Flier, M, Hartwig, Ng, Juttman, Jr, van Kasteren ME, Van de Heul, C, Hoepelman, Im, Schneider, Mm, Bonten, Mj, Borleffs, Jc, Ellerbroek, Pm, Jaspers, Ca, Mudrikove, T, Schurink, Ca, Gisolf, Eh, Geelen, Sp, Wolfs, Tf, Faber, T, Tanis, Aa, Groeneveld, Ph, den Hollander JG, Duits, Aj, Winkel, K, Back, Nk, Bakker, Me, Berkhout, B, Jurriaans, S, Zaaijer, Hl, Cuijpers, T, Rietra, Pj, Roozendaal, Kj, Pauw, W, van Zanten AP, Smits, Ph, von Blomberg BM, Savelkoul, P, Pettersson, A, Swanink, Cm, Franck, Pf, Lampe, As, Jansen, Cl, Hendriks, R, Benne, Ca, Veenendaal, D, Storm, H, Weel, J, van Zeijl JH, Kroes, Ac, Claas, Hc, Bruggeman, Ca, Goossens, Vj, Galama, Jm, Melchers, Wj, Poort, Ya, Doornum, Gj, Niesters, Mg, Osterhaus, Ad, Schutten, M, Buiting, Ag, Swaans, Ca, Boucher, Ca, Schuurman, R, Boel, E, Jansz, Af, Veldkamp, A, Beijnen, Jh, Huitema, Ad, Burger, Dm, Hugen, Pw, van Kan HJ, Losso, M, Duran, A, Vetter, N, Karpov, I, Vassilenko, A, Clumeck, N, De Wit, S, Poll, B, Colebunders, R, Machala, L, Rozsypal, H, Sedlacek, D, Nielsen, J, Lundgren, J, Benfield, T, Kirk, O, Gerstoft, J, Katzenstein, T, Hansen, Ab, Skinhøj, P, Pedersen, C, Zilmer, K, Girard, Pm, Saint Marc, T, Vanhems, P, Dietrich, M, Manegold, C, van Lunzen, J, Stellbrink, Hj, Staszewsk, S, Bickel, M, Goebel, Fd, Rockstroh, J, Schmidt, R, Kosmidis, J, Gargalianos, P, Sambatakou, H, Perdios, J, Panos, G, Filandras, A, Karabatsaki, E, Banhegyi, D, Mulcahy, F, Yust, I, Turner, D, Burke, M, Pollack, S, Hassoun, G, Sthoeger, Z, Maayan, S, Chiesi, A, Borghi, R, Pristera, R, Mazzott, F, Gabbuti, A, Vullo, Lichtner, M, Montesarchio, E, Iacomi, F, Finazzi, R, Viksna, L, Chaplinskas, S, Hemmer, R, Staub, T, Bruun, J, Maeland, A, Ormaasen, V, Knysz, B, Gasiorowski, J, Horban, A, Prokopowicz, D, Wiercinska Drapalo, A, Boron Kaczmarska, A, Pynka, M, Beniowski, M, Mularska, E, Trocha, H, Antunes, F, Valadas, E, Mansinho, K, Matez, F, Duiculescu, D, Babes, V, Streinu Cercel, A, Vinogradova, E, Rakhmanova, A, Jevtovic, D, Mokrás, M, Staneková, D, González Lahoz, J, Sánchez Conde, M, García Benayas, T, Martin Carbonero, L, Soriano, V, Clotet, B, Jou, A, Conejero, J, Tural, C, Gatell, Jm, Blaxhult, A, Karlsson, A, Pehrson, P, Soravia Dunand, V, Kravchenko, E, Chentsova, N, Barton, S, Johnson, Am, Mercey, D, Johnson, Ma, Murphy, M, Weber, J, Scullard, G, Fisher, M, Brettle, R, Loveday, C, Gatell, J, Johnson, A, Vella, S, Gjørup, I, Friis Moeller, N, Bannister, W, Mollerup, D, Podlevkareva, D, Holkmann Olsen, C, Kjaer, J, Raffanti, S, Dieterch, D, Becker, S, Scarsella, A, Fusco, G, Most, B, Balu, R, Rana, R, Beckerman, R, Ising, T, Fusco, J, Irek, R, Johnson, B, Hirani, A, Dejesus, E, Pierone, G, Lackey, P, Irek, C, Burdick, J, Leon, S, Arch, J, Helm, Eb, Carlebach, A, Müller, A, Haberl, A, Nisius, G, Lennemann, T, Stephan, C, Mösch, M, Gute, P, Locher, L, Lutz, T, Klauke, S, Knecht, G, Khaykin, P, Doerr, Hw, Stürmer, M, Babacan, E, von Hentig, N, Beylot, J, Chêne, G, Dupon, M, Longy Boursier, M, Pellegrin, Jl, Ragnaud, Jm, Salamon, R, Thiébaut, R, Lewden, C, Lawson Ayayi, S, Mercié, P, Moreau, Jf, Morlat, P, Bernard, N, Lacoste, D, Malvy, D, Neau, D, Blaizeau, Mj, Decoin, M, Delveaux, S, Hannapier, C, Labarrère, S, Lavignolle Aurillac, V, Uwamaliya Nziyumvira, B, Palmer, G, Touchard, D, Balestre, E, Alioum, A, Jacqmin Gadda, H, Bonarek, M, Bonnet, F, Coadou, B, Gellie, P, Nouts, C, Bocquentin, F, Dutronc, H, Lafarie, S, Aslan, A, Pistonne, T, Thibaut, P, Vatan, R, Chambon, D, De La Taille, C, Cazorla, C, Ocho, A, Viallard, Jf, Caubet, O, Cipriano, C, Lazaro, E, Couzigou, P, Castera, L, Fleury, H, Lafon, Me, Masquelier, B, Pellegrin, I, Breilh, D, Blanco, P, Loste, P, Caunègre, L, Bonna, F, Farbos, S, Ferrand, M, Ceccaldi, J, Tchamgoué, S, De Witte, S, Buy, E, Akagi, L, Brandson, E, Druyts, E, Gataric, Kf, Harrigan, Pr, Harris, M, Hayden, A, Lima, V, Montaner, J, Moore, D, Wood, E, Yip, B, Zhang, W, Bhagani, S, Byrne, P, Carroll, A, Cuthbertson, Z, Dunleavy, A, Geretti, Am, Heelan, B, Johnson, M, Kinloch de Loes, S, Lipman, M, Madge, S, Marshall, N, Nair, D, Nebbia, G, Prinz, B, Swaden, L, Tyrer, M, Youle, M, Chaloner, C, Grabowska, H, Holloway, J, Puradiredja, J, Ransom, D, Tsintas, R, Bansi, L, Fox, Z, Harris, E, Hill, T, Lodwick, R, Reekie, J, Sabin, C, Smith, C, Amoah, E, Booth, C, Clewley, G, Garcia Diaz, A, Gregory, B, Labbett, W, Tahami, F, Thomas, M, Read, R, Krentz, H, Beckthold, B, Faetkenheuer, G, Casabona, J, Miró, Jl, Alquézar, A, Esteve, A, Podzamczer, D, Murillas, J, Romero, A, Agustí, C, Agüero, F, Ferrer, E, Riera, M, Segura, F, Segura, G, Force, L, Vilaró, J, Masabeu, A, García, I, Guadarrama, M, Montoliu, A, Ortega, N, Lazzari, E, Puchol, E, Sanchez, M, Blanco, Jl, Garcia Alcaide, F, Martinez, E, Mallolas, J, López Dieguez, M, García Goez JF, Sirera, G, Romeu, J, Negredo, E, Miranda, C, Capitan, Mc, Olmo, M, Barragan, P, Saumoy, M, Bolaof, F, Cabellos, C, Peña, C, Sala, M, Cervantes, M, Amengual, Mj, Navarro, M, Penelo, E, Barrufet, P, Willig, Jh, Raper, Jl, Allison, Jj, Kempf, Mc, Schumacher, Je, Wes, Ao, Lin, Hy, Pisu, M, Moneyham, L, Vance, D, Bachmann, L, Davies, Sl, Berner, E, Acosta, E, King, J, Savage, K, Nevin, C, Walton, Fb, Marler, Ml, Lawrence, S, Files Kennedy, B, Batey, Ds, Patil, Ma, Patil, U, Varshney, M, Gibson, E, Guzman, A, Rinehart, D, Justice, Ac, Fiellin, Da, Bryant, K, Rimland, D, Jones Taylor, C, Oursler, Ka, Titanji, R, Brown, S, Garrison, S, Rodriguez Barradas, M, Masozera, N, Goetz, M, Leaf, D, Simberkoff, M, Blumenthal, D, Leung, J, Butt, A, Hoffman, E, Gibert, C, Peck, R, Mattocks, K, Braithwaite, S, Brandt, C, Cook, R, Conigliaro, J, Crothers, K, Chang, J, Crystal, S, Day, N, Erdos, J, Freiberg, M, Kozal, M, Gaziano, M, Gerschenson, M, Good, B, Gordon, A, Goulet, J, Kraemer, K, Lim, J, Maisto, S, Miller, P, O'Connor, P, Papas, R, Rinaldo, C, Roberts, M, Samet, J, Cohen, D, Consorte, A, Gordon, K, Kidwai, F, Levin, F, Mcginnis, K, Rambo, M, Rogers, J, Skanderson, M, and Whitsett, F.

Published
2008

57. Importance of baseline prognostic factors with increasing time since initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy: collaborative analysis of cohorts of HIV-1-infected patients

Author

Sterne, Jonathan A. C., May, Margaret, Sabin, Caroline, Phillips, Andrew, Costagliola, Dominique, Chêne, Geneviève, Justice, Amy C., De Wolf, Frank, Hogg, Robert, Battegay, Manuel, Monforte, Antonella D'Arminio, Gerdtkenheuer, Fa, Staszewski, Schlomo, Gill, John, Egger, Matthias, Casabona, Jordi, Dabis, Francxois, Kitahata, Mari, Leport, Catherine, Lundgren, Jens, Reiss, Peter, Saag, Michael, Weller, Ian, Beckthold, Brenda, Yip, Benita, Dauer, Brenda, Fusco, Jenifer, Lanoy, Emilie, Rickenbach, Martin, Lavignolle, Valerie, Van Sighem, Ard, Pereira, Edwige, Pezzotti, Patrizio, Schmeisser, Norbert, Billaud, E., Boué, F., Costagliola, D., Duval, X., Duvivier, C., Enel, P., Fournier, S., Gasnault, J., Gaud, C., Gilquin, J., Grabar, S., Khuong, M. A., Lang, J. M., Mary Krause, M., Matheron, S., Meyohas, M. C., Pialoux, G., Poizot Martin, I., Pradier, C., Rouveix, E., Salmon Ceron, D., Sobel, A., Tattevin, P., Tissot Dupont, H., Yasdanpanah, Y., Aronica, E, Tirard Fleury, V., Tortay, I., Abgrall, S., Guiguet, M., Lanoy, E., Leneman, H., Lièvre, L., Potard, V., Saidi, S., Vildé, J. L., Leport, C., Yeni, P., Bouvet, E., Gaudebout, C., Crickx, B., Picard Dahan, C., Weiss, L., Tisne Dessus, D., Sicard, D., Salmon, D., Auperin, I., Viard, J. P., Roudière, L., Fior, R., Delfraissy, J. F., Goujard, C., Lesprit, P. h., Jung, C., Meynard, J. L., Picard, O., Desplanque, N., Cadranel, J., Mayaud, C., Rozenbaum, W., Bricaire, F., Katlama, C., Herson, S., Simon, A., Decazes, J. M., Molina, J. M., Clauvel, J. P., Gerard, L., Sellier, P., Diemer, M., Dupont, C., Berthé, H., Saïag, P., Mortier, E., Chandemerle, C., De Truchis, P., Bentata, M., Honoré, P., Tassi, S., Jeantils, V., Mechali, D., Taverne, B., Laurichesse, H., Gourdon, F., Lucht, F., Fresard, A., Faller, J. P., Eglinger, P., Bazin, C., Verdon, R., Peyramond, D., Boibieux, A., Touraine, J. L., Livrozet, J. M., Trepo, C., Cotte, L., Ravaux, I., Delmont, J. P., Moreau, J., Gastaut, J. A., Soubeyrand, J., Retornaz, F., Blanc, P. A., Allegre, T., Galinier, A., Ruiz, J. M., Lepeu, G., Granet Brunello, P., Pelissier, L., Esterni, J. P., Nezri, M., Cohen Valensi, R., Laffeuillade, A., Chadapaud, S., Reynes, J., May, T., Rabaud, C., Raffi, F., Pugliese, P., Michelet, C., Arvieux, C., Caron, F., Borsa Lebas, F., Rey, D., Fraisse, P., Massip, P., Cuzin, L., Arlet Suau, E., Thiercelin Legrand, M. F., Sobesky, M., Pradinaud, R., Contant, M., Montroni, M., Scalise, G., Braschi, M. C., Riva, A., Tirelli, U., Cinelli, R., Pastore, G., Ladisa, N., Minafra, G., Suter, F., Arici, C., Pristera, R., Chiodo, F., Colangeli, V., Fiorini, C., Coronado, O., Carosi, G., Cadeo, G. P., Torti, C., Minardi, C., Bertelli, D., Rizzardini, G., Melzi, S., Manconi, P. E., Piano, P., Cosco, L., Scerbo, A., Vecchiet, J., D'Alessandro, M., Santoro, D., Pusterla, L., Carnevale, G., Citterio, P., Viganò, P., Mena, M., Ghinelli, F., Sighinolfi, L., Leoncini, F., Mazzotta, F., Pozzi, M., Lo Caputo, S., Vullo, Vincenzo, Lichtner, Miriam, Angarano, G., Grisorio, B., Saracino, A., Ferrara, S., Grima, P., Tundo, P., Pagano, G., Cassola, G., Alessandrini, A., Piscopo, R., Toti, M., Chigiotti, S., Soscia, F., Tacconi, L., Orani, A., Perini, P., Scasso, A., Vincenti, A., Chiodera, F., Castelli, P., Scalzini, A., Palvarini, L., Moroni, M., Lazzarin, A., Cargnel, A., Vigevani, G. M., Caggese, L., d'Arminio Monforte, A., Repetto, D., Galli, A., Merli, S., Pastecchia, C., Moioli, M. C., Esposito, R., Mussini, C., Abrescia, N., Chirianni, A., Izzo, C. M., Piazza, M., De Marco, M., Viglietti, R., Manzillo, E., Nappa, S., Antonucci, G., Iacomi, F., Narciso, P., Zaccarelli, M., Colomba, A., Abbadessa, V., Prestileo, T., Mancuso, S., Ferrari, C., Pizzaferri, P., Filice, G., Minoli, L., Bruno, R., Novati, S., Baldelli, F., Tinca, M., Petrelli, E., Cioppi, A., Alberici, F., Ruggieri, A., Menichetti, F., Martinelli, C., De Stefano, C., La Gala, A., Ballardini, G., Rizzo, E., Magnani, G., Ursitti, M. A., Arlotti, M., Ortolani, P., Cauda, R., Dianzani, F., Ippolito, G., Antinori, A., D'Elia, S., Petrosillo, N., De Luca, A., Bacarelli, A., Acinapura, R., De Longis, P., Brandi, A., Trotta, M. P., Noto, P., Capobianchi, M. R., Carletti, F., Girardi, E., Pezzotti, P., Rezza, G., Mura, M. S., Mannazzu, M., Caramello, P., Di Perri, G., Soranzo, M. L., Orofino, G. C., Arnaudo, I., Bonasso, M., Grossi, P. A., Basilico, C., Poggio, A., Bottari, G., Raise, E., Ebo, F., De Lalla, F., Tositti, G., Resta, F., Loso, K., Cozzi Lepri, A., Johnson, A. M., Mercey, D., Phillips, A., Johnson, M. A., Mocroft, A., Murphy, M., Weber, J., Scullard, G., Fisher, M., Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, H., Bürgisser, P. h., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Erb, P., Fantelli, K., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Hirschel, B., Soravia Dunand, V., Furrer, H., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Kaiser, L., Kind, C., Klimkait, T. h., Lauper, U., Ledergerber, B., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Perrin, L., Piffaretti, J. C., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Buy, E., Bronsveld, W., Hillebrand Haverkort, M. E., Reiss, P., Back, N. K. T., Bakker, M. E. G., Berkhout, B., Jurriaans, S., Cuijpers, T. h., Rietra, P. J. G. M., Roozendaal, K. J., Pauw, W., Van Zanten, A. P., Smits, P. H. M., Von Blomberg, B. M. E., Savelkoul, P., Danner, S. A., Van Agtmael, M. A., Claessen, F. A. P., Perenboom, R. M., Rijkeboer, A., Van Vonderen, M., Kuijpers, T. W., Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., Prins, J. M., Bos, J. C., Eeftinck Schattenkerk, J. K. M., Geerlings, S. E., Godfried, M. H., Lange, J. M. A., Van Leth, F. C., Lowe, S. H., Van Der Meer, J. T. M., Nellen, F. J. B., Pogány, K., Van Der Poll, T., Ruys, T. h. A., Sankatsing, S., Steingrover, R., Van Twillert, G., Van Der Valk, M., Van Vonderen, M. G. A., Vrouenraets, S. M. E., Van Vugt, M., Wit, F. W. M. N., Veenstra, J., Van Eeden, A., Veen, J. H., Van Dam, P. S., Roos, J. C., Brinkman, K., Frissen, P. H. J., Weigel, H. M., Mulder, J. W., Van Gorp, E. C. M., Meenhorst, P. L., Mairuhu, A. T. A., Richter, C., Van Der Berg, J., Van Leusen, R., Swanink, C. M. A., Vriesendorp, R., Jeurissen, F. J. F., Franck, P. F. H., Lampe, A. S., Kauffmann, R. H., Koger, E. L. W., Bravenboer, B., Ten Napel, C. H. H., Kootstra, G. J., Schirm, J., Bennw, C. A., Sprenger, H. G., Miesen, W. M. A. J., Doedens, R., Scholvinck, E. H., Ten Kate, R. W., Van Houte, D. P. F., Polee, M., Kroes, A. C. M., Claas, H. C. J., Kroon, F. P., Van Den, Broek, Van Dissel, J. T., Schippers, E. F., Bruggeman, C. A. M. V. A., Goossens, V. J., Schreij, G., Van De Geest, S., Verbon, A., Galama, J. M. D., Melchers, W. J. G., Poort, Y. A. G., Koopmans, P. P., Keuter, M., Post, F., Van Der Ven, A. J. A. M., Doornum, G. J. J., Niesters, M. G., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Schutten, M., Driessen, G., De Groot, R., Hartwig, N., Van Der Ende, M. E., Gyssens, I. C., Van Der Feltz, M., Den Hollander, J. G., De Marie, S., L. Nouwen, J., Rijnders, B. J. A., De Vries, T. E. M. S., Juttmann, J. R., Van De Heul, C., Van Kasteren, M. E. E., Boucher, C. A. B., Schuurman, R., Geelen, S. P. M., Wolfs, T. F. W., Schneider, M. M. E., Bonten, M. J. M., Borleffs, J. C. C., Ellerbroek, P. M., Hoepelman, I. M., Jaspers, C. A. J. J., Schouten, I., Schurink, C. A. M., Blok, W. L., Tanis, A. A., Groeneveld, P. H. P., Jansen, C. L., Hendriks, R., Veenendaal, D., Storm, H., Weel, J., Van Zeijl, J. H., Buiting, A. G. M., Swaans, C. A. M., Boel, E., Jansz, A. F., Losso, M., Duran, A., Vetter, N., Karpov, I., Vassilenko, A., Clumeck, N., Dewit, S., Poll, B., Colebunders, R., Machala, L., Rozsypal, H., Sedlacek, D., Gerstoft, J., Katzenstein, T., Hansen, A. B. E., Skinhøj, P., Nielsen, J., Lundgren, J., Benfield, T., Kirk, O., Pedersen, C., Zilmer, K., Girard, P. M., Saint Marc, T., Vanhems, P., Dabis, F., Dietrich, M., Manegold, C., Van Lunzen, J., Stellbrink, H. J., Staszewski, S., Bickel, M., Goebel, F. D., Fätkenheuer, G., Rockstroh, J., Schmidt, R., Kosmidis, J., Gargalianos, P., Sambatakou, H., Perdios, J., Panos, G., Filandras, A., Karabatsaki, E., Banhegyi, D., Mulcahy, F., Yust, I., Turner, D., Burke, M., Pollack, S., Hassoun, G., Sthoeger, Z., Maayan, S., Borghi, R., Cotugno, A. D., Gabbuti, A., Chiesi, A., Montesarchio, E., Finazzi, R., D'Arminio Monforte, A., Viksna, L., Chaplinskas, S., Hemmer, R., Staub, T., Bruun, J., Maeland, A., Ormaasen, V., Knysz, B., Gasiorowski, J., Horban, A., Prokopowicz, D., Wiercinska Drapalo, A., Boron Kaczmarska, A., Pynka, M., Beniowski, M., Mularska, E., Trocha, H., Antunes, F., Valadas, E., Mansinho, K., Matez, F., Duiculescu, D., Babes, Victor, Streinu Cercel, A., Vinogradova, E., Rakhmanova, A., Jevtovic, D., Mokráš, M., Staneková, D., González Lahoz, J., Sánchez Conde, M., García Benayas, T., Martin Carbonero, L., Soriano, V., Clotet, B., Jou, A., Conejero, J., Tural, C., Gatell, J. M., Miró, J. M., Blaxhult, A., Karlsson, A., Pehrson, P., Weber, R., Kravchenko, E., Chentsova, N., Barton, S., Brettle, R., Loveday, C., Antunes, Francisco, Blaxhult, Anders, Clumeck, Nathan, Gatell, Jose, Horban, Andrzej, Johnson, Anne, Katlama, Christine, Ledergerber, Bruno, Loveday, Clive, Vella, Stefano, Gjørup, I., Friis Moeller, N., Bannister, W., Mollerup, D., Podlevkareva, D., Holkmann Olsen, C., Kjær, J., Raffanti, Stephen, Dieterch, Douglas, Becker, Stephen, Scarsella, Anthony, Fusco, Gregory, Most, Bernard, Balu, Rukmini, Rana, Rashida, Beckerman, Robin, Ising, Theodore, Fusco, Jennifer, Irek, Renae, Johnson, Bernadette, Hirani, Ashwin, Edwinjesus, De, Pierone, Gerald, Lackey, Philip, Irek, Chip, Johnson, Alison, Burdick, John, Leon, Saul, Arch, Joseph, Helm, Eilke B., Carlebach, Amina, Axelller, Mu, Haberl, Annette, Nisius, Gabi, Lennemann, Tessa, Rottmann, Carsten, Wolf, Timo, Stephan, Christoph, Bickel, Markus, Manfredsch, Mo, Gute, Peter, Locher, Leo, Lutz, Thomas, Klauke, Stephan, Knecht, Gabi, Doerr, Hans W., Stu, Martinrmer, Von Hentig, Nils, Jennings, Beverly, Beylot, J., Chêne, G., Dupon, M., Longy Boursier, M., Pellegrin, J. L., Ragnaud, J. M., Salamon, R., Thiébaut, R., Lewden, C., Lawson Ayayi, S., Mercié, P., Moreau, J. F., Morlat, P., Bernard, N., Lacoste, D., Malvy, D., Neau, D., Blaizeau, M. J., Decoin, M., Delveaux, S., Hannapier, C., Labarrère, S., Lavignolle Aurillac, V., Uwamaliya Nziyumvira, B., Palmer, G., Touchard, D., Balestre, E., Alioum, A., Jacqmin Gadda, H., Bonarek, M., Bonnet, F., Coadou, B., Gellie, P., Nouts, C., Bocquentin, F., Dutronc, H., Lafarie, S., Aslan, A., Pistonne, T., Thibaut, P., Vatan, R., Chambon, D., De La Taille, C., Cazorla, C., Ocho, A., Viallard, J. F., Caubet, O., Cipriano, C., Lazaro, E., Couzigou, P., Castera, L., Fleury, H., Lafon, M. E., Masquelier, B., Pellegrin, I., Breilh, D., Blanco, P., Loste, P., Caunègre, L., Bonnal, F., Farbos, S., Ferrand, M., Ceccaldi, J., Tchamgoué, S., De Witte, S., Alexander, Chris, Barrios, Rolando, Braitstein, Paula, Brumme, Zabrina, Chan, Keith, Cote, Helen, Gataric, Nada, Geller, Josie, Guillemi, Silvia, Richard Harrigan, P., Harris, Marrianne, Joy, Ruth, Levy, Adrian, Montaner, Julio, Montessori, Val, Palepu, Anita, Phillips, Elizabeth, Phillips, Peter, Press, Natasha, Tyndall, Mark, Wood, Evan, Bhagani, S., Byrne, P., Carroll, A., Cuthbertson, Z., Dunleavy, A., Geretti, A. M., Heelan, B., Johnson, M., Kinloch de Loes, S., Lipman, M., Madge, S., Marshall, N., Nair, D., Nebbia, G., Prinz, B., Swaden, L., Tyrer, M., Youle, M., Chaloner, C., Grabowska, H., Holloway, J., Puradiredja, J., Ransom, D., Tsintas, R., Bansi, L., Fox, Z., Harris, E., Hill, T., Lampe, F., Lodwick, R., Reekie, J., Sabin, C., Smith, C., Amoah, E., Booth, C., Clewley, G., Garcia Diaz, A., Gregory, B., Labbett, W., Tahami, F., Thomas, M., Read, Ron, Fatkenheuer, G., Schmeisser, N., Voigt, K., Wasmuth, J. C., Wohrmann, A., Infectious diseases, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, APH - Amsterdam Public Health, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, Landsteiner Laboratory, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Graduate School, Cardiology, APH - Global Health, APH - Quality of Care, AII - Infectious diseases, AII - Inflammatory diseases, and Global Health

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, AIDS, CD4 counts, Highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV, Prognosis, Substance abuse (intravenous), Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Europe, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Middle Aged, North America, Risk Factors, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Survival Analysis, Pharmacology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Cost effectiveness, Antiretroviral Therapy, Article, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Internal medicine, medicine, Highly Active, Survival analysis, Immunodeficiency, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Hazard ratio, Substance Abuse, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Physical therapy, Intravenous, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background: The extent to which the prognosis for AIDS and death of patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) continues to be affected by their characteristics at the time of initiation (baseline) is unclear. Methods: We analyzed data on 20,379 treatment-naive HIV-1- infected adults who started HAART in 1 of 12 cohort studies in Europe and North America (61,798 person-years of follow-up, 1844 AIDS events, and 1005 deaths). Results: Although baseline CD4 cell count became less prognostic with time, individuals with a baseline CD4 count 350 cells/μL (hazard ratio for AIDS = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0 to 2.3; mortality hazard ratio = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2 to 5.5, 4 to 6 years after starting HAART). Rates of AIDS were persistently higher in individuals who had experienced an AIDS event before starting HAART. Individuals with presumed transmission by means of injection drug use experienced substantially higher rates of AIDS and death than other individuals throughout follow-up (AIDS hazard ratio = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.8 to 3.0; mortality hazard ratio = 3.5, 95% CI: 2.2 to 5.5, 4 to 6 years after starting HAART). Conclusions: Compared with other patient groups, injection drug users and patients with advanced immunodeficiency at baseline experience substantially increased rates of AIDS and death up to 6 years after starting HAART.

Published
2007

58. Low levels of neurocognitive impairment detected in screening HIV-infected men who have sex with men: The MSM Neurocog Study.

Author

Barber, T. J., Bansi, L., Pozniak, A., Asboe, D., Nelson, M., Moyle, G., Davies, N., Margetts, A., Ratcliffe, D., Catalan, J., Boffito, M., and Gazzard, B.

Subjects
MILD cognitive impairment, HIV-positive men, MEN who have sex with men, AFFECTIVE disorders, FOLLOW-up studies (Medicine), DIAGNOSIS, HEALTH, COGNITION disorders diagnosis, HIV infections & psychology, HIV infection complications, ANXIETY, AIDS dementia complex, COGNITION disorders, MENTAL depression, HOMOSEXUALITY, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests, MEDICAL screening, DISEASE prevalence, PSYCHOLOGICAL factors
Abstract

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected men who have sex with men aged 18-50 years, using a simple battery of screening tests in routine clinical appointments. Those with suspected abnormalities were referred on for further assessment. The cohort was also followed up over time to look at evolving changes. HIV-infected participants were recruited at three clinical sites in London during from routine clinical visits. They could be clinician or self-referred and did not need to be symptomatic. They completed questionnaires on anxiety, depression, and memory. They were then screened using the Brief Neurocognitive Screen (BNCS) and International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS). Two hundred and five HIV-infected subjects were recruited. Of these, 59 patients were excluded as having a mood disorder and two patients were excluded due to insufficient data, leaving 144 patients for analysis. One hundred and twenty-four (86.1%) had a normal composite z score (within 1 SD of mean) calculated for their scores on the three component tests of the BNCS. Twenty (13.9%) had an abnormal z score, of which seven (35%) were symptomatic and 13 (65%) asymptomatic. Current employment and previous educational level were significantly associated with BNCS scores. Of those referred onwards for diagnostic testing, only one participant was found to have impairment likely related to HIV infection. We were able to easily screen for mood disorders and cognitive impairment in routine clinical practice. We identified a high level of depression and anxiety in our cohort. Using simple screening tests in clinic and an onward referral process for further testing, we were not able to identify neurocognitive impairment in this cohort at levels consistent with published data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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59. Stereochemistry of the thermal retro-Diels-Alder reactions of cis,exo-5,6-d2-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, cis-4,5-d2-cyclohexene, and cis,exo-5,6-d2-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene

Author

Lewis, David Kellogg, Glenar, David A., Hughes, Steven, Kalra, Bansi L., Schlier, Jessica, Shukla, Rajesh, and Baldwin, John E.

Subjects
Stereochemistry -- Research, Chemistry
Abstract

New research indicates that thermal Diels-Alder and retro-Diels-Alder reactions involve families of trajectories over the transition region of the potential energy surface. Conformational opportunities and entropic factors could determine reaction stereochemistry.

Published
2001

60. Declining Prevalence of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Antiretroviral Treatment-exposed Individuals in Western Europe

Author

De Luca, Andrea, Dunn, D, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Torti, C, Fanti, Iuri, Kaiser, R, Sönnerborg, A, Codoñer, Fm, Van Laethem, K, Vandamme, A, Bansi, L, Ghisetti, V, Van De Vijver, Damc, Asboe, D, Prosperi, Mcf, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, De Luca, Andrea (ORCID:0000-0002-8311-6935), Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), De Luca, Andrea, Dunn, D, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Torti, C, Fanti, Iuri, Kaiser, R, Sönnerborg, A, Codoñer, Fm, Van Laethem, K, Vandamme, A, Bansi, L, Ghisetti, V, Van De Vijver, Damc, Asboe, D, Prosperi, Mcf, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, De Luca, Andrea (ORCID:0000-0002-8311-6935), and Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076)

Abstract

HIV-1 drug resistance represents a major obstacle to infection and disease control. This retrospective study analyzes trends and determinants of resistance in antiretroviral treatment (ART)-exposed individuals across 7 countries in Europe. Of 20 323 cases, 80% carried at least one resistance mutation: these declined from 81% in 1997 to 71% in 2008. Predicted extensive 3-class resistance was rare (3.2% considering the cumulative genotype) and peaked at 4.5% in 2005, decreasing thereafter. The proportion of cases exhausting available drug options dropped from 32% in 2000 to 1% in 2008. Reduced risk of resistance over calendar years was confirmed by multivariable analysis.

Published
2013

61. When to initiate combined antiretroviral therapy to reduce mortality and AIDS-defining illness in HIV-infected persons in developed countries: an observational study

Author

Cain, L.E., Logan, R., Robins, J.M., Sterne, J.A., Sabin, C., Bansi, L., Justice, A., Goulet, J., Sighem, A. van, Wolf, F. de, Bucher, H.C., Wyl, V. von, Esteve, A., Casabona, J., Amo, J. del, Moreno, S., Seng, R., Meyer, L., Perez-Hoyos, S., Muga, R., Lodi, S., Koopmans †, P.P., Lanoy, E., Flier, M. van der, Costagliola, D., Hernan, M.A., Groot, R. de, Hofstede, H.J.M. ter, Keuter, M., Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, et al., Cain, L.E., Logan, R., Robins, J.M., Sterne, J.A., Sabin, C., Bansi, L., Justice, A., Goulet, J., Sighem, A. van, Wolf, F. de, Bucher, H.C., Wyl, V. von, Esteve, A., Casabona, J., Amo, J. del, Moreno, S., Seng, R., Meyer, L., Perez-Hoyos, S., Muga, R., Lodi, S., Koopmans †, P.P., Lanoy, E., Flier, M. van der, Costagliola, D., Hernan, M.A., Groot, R. de, Hofstede, H.J.M. ter, Keuter, M., Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, and et al.

Abstract

Contains fulltext : 97513.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), BACKGROUND: Most clinical guidelines recommend that AIDS-free, HIV-infected persons with CD4 cell counts below 0.350 x 10(9) cells/L initiate combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), but the optimal CD4 cell count at which cART should be initiated remains a matter of debate. OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal CD4 cell count at which cART should be initiated. DESIGN: Prospective observational data from the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration and dynamic marginal structural models were used to compare cART initiation strategies for CD4 thresholds between 0.200 and 0.500 x 10(9) cells/L. SETTING: HIV clinics in Europe and the Veterans Health Administration system in the United States. PATIENTS: 20, 971 HIV-infected, therapy-naive persons with baseline CD4 cell counts at or above 0.500 x 10(9) cells/L and no previous AIDS-defining illnesses, of whom 8392 had a CD4 cell count that decreased into the range of 0.200 to 0.499 x 10(9) cells/L and were included in the analysis. MEASUREMENTS: Hazard ratios and survival proportions for all-cause mortality and a combined end point of AIDS-defining illness or death. RESULTS: Compared with initiating cART at the CD4 cell count threshold of 0.500 x 10(9) cells/L, the mortality hazard ratio was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.22) for the 0.350 threshold and 1.20 (CI, 0.97 to 1.48) for the 0.200 threshold. The corresponding hazard ratios were 1.38 (CI, 1.23 to 1.56) and 1.90 (CI, 1.67 to 2.15), respectively, for the combined end point of AIDS-defining illness or death. Limitations: CD4 cell count at cART initiation was not randomized. Residual confounding may exist. CONCLUSION: Initiation of cART at a threshold CD4 count of 0.500 x 10(9) cells/L increases AIDS-free survival. However, mortality did not vary substantially with the use of CD4 thresholds between 0.300 and 0.500 x 10(9) cells/L.

Published
2011

62. Detection of drug resistance mutations at low plasma HIV-1 RNA load in a European multicentre cohort study

Author

Prosperi, Mcf, Mackie, N, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Fanti, Iuri, Torti, C, Sönnerborg, A, Kaiser, R, Codoñer, Fm, Van Laethem, K, Bansi, L, Van De Vijver, Damc, Geretti, Am, De Luca, Andrea, Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), De Luca, Andrea (ORCID:0000-0002-8311-6935), Prosperi, Mcf, Mackie, N, Di Giambenedetto, Simona, Zazzi, M, Camacho, R, Fanti, Iuri, Torti, C, Sönnerborg, A, Kaiser, R, Codoñer, Fm, Van Laethem, K, Bansi, L, Van De Vijver, Damc, Geretti, Am, De Luca, Andrea, Di Giambenedetto, Simona (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), and De Luca, Andrea (ORCID:0000-0002-8311-6935)

Abstract

Guidelines indicate a plasma HIV-1 RNA load of 500-1000 copies/mL as the minimal threshold for antiretroviral drug resistance testing. Resistance testing at lower viral load levels may be useful to guide timely treatment switches, although data on the clinical utility of this remain limited. We report here the influence of viral load levels on the probability of detecting drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and other mutations by routine genotypic testing in a large multicentre European cohort, with a focus on tests performed at a viral load <1000 copies/mL.

Published
2011

63. Baseline data from the MSM Neurocog study

Author

Barber, T, Bansi, L, Leonidou, L, Pozniak, A, Asboe, D, Nelson, M, Moyle, G, Boffito, M, Davies, N, Thornton, S, Catalan, J, and Gazzard, B

Subjects
HIV testing -- Methods, Memory, Disorders of -- Risk factors -- Prevention, Cognitive appraisal -- Methods, MSM (Men who have sex with men) -- Health aspects -- Social aspects, HIV infection -- Risk factors -- Prevention -- Psychological aspects, Health
Abstract

We present baseline data (follow up due w24–48) from MSM Neurocog ‐ prospective cohort study describing neurocognitive (NC) function in men who have sex with men (MSM) 18–50y. Objectives: Describe prevalence of positive screen for NC impairment (NCI) using Brief Neurocognitive Screen (BNCS); follow NC function over time. Data collected: Demographics, medical history, current/nadir CD4, current/peak viral load, antiretroviral (ART) use, recreational drug/tobacco/alcohol use. Subjects screen for depression (PHQ9), anxiety (GAD7), subjective memory problems (Everyday Memory Questionnaire [EMQ]). PHQ9, GAD7, EMQ, IHDS have fixed numerical cut‐offs. BNCS interpreted by calculating composite z score for each subject based on distance from mean in three component tests. Comparing to population norms may overcall NCI. We used participants to construct HIV+ normal ranges after exclusion of anxiety/depression, comparing individuals to this range. 235 screened (205 HIV+, 30 HIV−). In HIV+group 59 (28.8%) excluded as GAD7>10, PHQ9>15 or both (2 no data). 144 HIV+ analysed. 124 (86.1%) had normal z score (within 1 SD of mean). 20 (13.9%) had abnormal z: 7 (35%) asymptomatic, 13 (65%) symptomatic (analysed together). Not enough cognitive domains assessed by BNCS to formally diagnose HIV‐related NCI. BNCS abnormals less likely to be educated at university level/beyond (40% vs. 62.1%, p=0.02) or in skilled work (45% vs. 81.5%, p, Reference Winston A, Arenas‐Pinto A, Stöhr W, Fisher M, Orkin C, Aderogba K, et al. Factors influencing neurocognitive function in a large cohort of HIV infected patients on effective antiretroviral [...]

Published
2012
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64. Impact of late diagnosis and treatment on life expectancy in people with HIV-1: UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) Study

Author

May, M., primary, Gompels, M., additional, Delpech, V., additional, Porter, K., additional, Post, F., additional, Johnson, M., additional, Dunn, D., additional, Palfreeman, A., additional, Gilson, R., additional, Gazzard, B., additional, Hill, T., additional, Walsh, J., additional, Fisher, M., additional, Orkin, C., additional, Ainsworth, J., additional, Bansi, L., additional, Phillips, A., additional, Leen, C., additional, Nelson, M., additional, Anderson, J., additional, and Sabin, C., additional

Published
2011
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67. Government deficits, capital flows, and interest rates

Author

Tran, Dang T. and Sawhney, Bansi L.

Subjects
Capital movements -- Models, Public debts -- Models, United States economic conditions -- Models, Interest rates -- Models, Business, Business, general, Economics
Published
1988

68. Stereochemistry of the Thermal Retro-Diels−Alder Reactions of cis,exo-5,6-d2-Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, cis-4,5-d2-Cyclohexene, and cis,exo-5,6-d2-Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene

Author

John E. Baldwin, Bansi L. Kalra, David K. Lewis, Rajesh Shukla, David A. Glenar, Jessica Schlier, and Steven M. Hughes

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Bicyclic molecule, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Cyclohexene, Diels alder, General Chemistry, Biochemistry, Catalysis, Ene reaction
Published
2001

78. Frequency and patterns of protease gene resistance mutations in HIV-infected patients treated with lopinavir/ritonavir as their first protease inhibitor.

Author

Barber TJ, Harrison L, Asboe D, Williams I, Kirk S, Gilson R, Bansi L, Pillay D, Dunn D, UK HIV Drug Resistance Database and UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (UK CHIC) Study Steering Committees, Barber, Tristan J, Harrison, Linda, Asboe, David, Williams, Ian, Kirk, Stuart, Gilson, Richard, Bansi, Loveleen, Pillay, Deenan, and Dunn, David

Abstract

Background: Selection of protease mutations on antiretroviral therapy (ART) including a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI) has been reported infrequently. Scarce data exist from long-term cohorts on resistance incidence or mutational patterns emerging to different PIs.Methods: We studied UK patients receiving lopinavir/ritonavir as their first PI, either while naive to ART or having previously received non-PI-based ART. Virological failure was defined as viral load ≥ 400 copies/mL after previous suppression <400 copies/mL, or failure to achieve <400 copies/mL during the first 6 months. pol sequences whilst failing lopinavir or within 30 days after stopping were analysed. Major and minor mutations (IAS-USA 2008-after exclusion of polymorphisms) were considered. Predicted susceptibility was determined using the Stanford HIVdb algorithm.Results: Three thousand and fifty-six patients were followed for a median (IQR) of 14 (6-30) months, of whom 811 (27%) experienced virological failure. Of these, resistance test results were available on 291 (36%). One or more protease mutations were detected in 32 (11%) patients; the most frequent were I54V (n = 12), M46I (n = 11), V82A (n = 7) and L76V (n = 3). No association with viral subtype was evident. Many patients retained virus predicted to be susceptible to lopinavir (14, 44%), tipranavir (26, 81%) and darunavir (27, 84%).Conclusions: This study reflects the experience of patients in routine care. Selection of protease gene mutations by lopinavir/ritonavir occurred at a much higher rate than in clinical trials. The mutations observed showed only partial overlap with those previously identified by structural chemistry models, serial cell culture passage and genotype-phenotype analyses. There remained a low degree of predicted cross-resistance to other widely used PIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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80. When to initiate combined antiretroviral therapy to reduce mortality and AIDS-defining illness in HIV-infected persons in developed countries: an observational study.

Author

Cain LE, Logan R, Robins JM, Sterne JA, Sabin C, Bansi L, Justice A, Goulet J, van Sighem A, de Wolf F, Bucher HC, von Wyl V, Esteve A, Casabona J, del Amo J, Moreno S, Seng R, Meyer L, Perez-Hoyos S, and Muga R

Abstract

Background: Most clinical guidelines recommend that AIDS-free, HIV-infected persons with CD4 cell counts below 0.350 × 10(9) cells/L initiate combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), but the optimal CD4 cell count at which cART should be initiated remains a matter of debate.Objective: To identify the optimal CD4 cell count at which cART should be initiated.Design: Prospective observational data from the HIV-CAUSAL Collaboration and dynamic marginal structural models were used to compare cART initiation strategies for CD4 thresholds between 0.200 and 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L.Setting: HIV clinics in Europe and the Veterans Health Administration system in the United States.Patients: 20, 971 HIV-infected, therapy-naive persons with baseline CD4 cell counts at or above 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L and no previous AIDS-defining illnesses, of whom 8392 had a CD4 cell count that decreased into the range of 0.200 to 0.499 × 10(9) cells/L and were included in the analysis.Measurements: Hazard ratios and survival proportions for all-cause mortality and a combined end point of AIDS-defining illness or death.Results: Compared with initiating cART at the CD4 cell count threshold of 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L, the mortality hazard ratio was 1.01 (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.22) for the 0.350 threshold and 1.20 (CI, 0.97 to 1.48) for the 0.200 threshold. The corresponding hazard ratios were 1.38 (CI, 1.23 to 1.56) and 1.90 (CI, 1.67 to 2.15), respectively, for the combined end point of AIDS-defining illness or death.Limitations: CD4 cell count at cART initiation was not randomized. Residual confounding may exist.Conclusion: Initiation of cART at a threshold CD4 count of 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L increases AIDS-free survival. However, mortality did not vary substantially with the use of CD4 thresholds between 0.300 and 0.500 × 10(9) cells/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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82. o,o'-Alkylene dithiophosphato complexes of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V).

Author

Romesh Chander, Bansi L. Kalsotra, and Sushil K. Pandey

Abstract

Reactions of VO(acac)2 with alkylene dithiophosphoric acids, POGOS2H, and of VOCl3 with the ammonium salts NH4(POGOS2) in 1:2 molar ratio gave the oxovanadium(IV) alkylene dithiophosphates, [VO(POGOS2)2], and monochloroxovanadium(V) alkylene dithiophosphates, [VOCl(POGOS2)2], respectively, where G = —CH2CMe2-CH2—, —CH2CEt2CH2—, —CHMeCH2CMe2— or —CMe2CMe2—. These complexes are green solids, soluble in common organic solvents and sensitive to moisture. They were characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight and spectral studies including i.r. and n.m.r. (1H, 13C and 31P), which suggested bidentate bonding of the POGOS2 ligands to give a square pyramidal for the VIV complexes and an octahedral geometry for the VV complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

83. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: Role of extra cranial collateral circulation.

Author

Sharma, Chandramohan B., Parekh, Jigar R., Khandelwal, Dinesh, and Kumawat, Bansi L.

Subjects
ORAL contraceptives, SINUS thrombosis, PHARMACODYNAMICS
Abstract

The article discusses a case study of a 30-year-old female patient on regular oral contraceptive (OC) drugs who was diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. The details of the medical condition of the patient are presented. Treatments administered to the patient include anti-coagulant therapy with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), vitamin K antagonist, and anti-edema in the form of acetazolamide.

Published
2015
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93. Preparation of N-Heterocycle Salts of [Yb(oxalate)2]− and [HoCl5]2−

Author

Bansi L. Kalsotra and Cyril Párkányi

Subjects
Absorption spectroscopy, Inorganic chemistry, Oxalic acid, chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared spectroscopy, Hydrochloric acid, Oxalate, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Pyridine, Materials Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Isoquinoline, Holmium, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Three bis(oxalato)ytterbate(III) salts, viz., (Quino-line·H)Yb(C2O42·3H2O, (Isoquinoline·H)Yb(C2O4)2·3H2O, and (Morpholine·H)Yb(C2O42)2·4H2O, were prepared by the reaction of YbCl3·6H2O with the corresponding heterocycle and oxalic acid in aqueous medium. The pentachloroholmates(III), (Pyridine·H)2HoCl5·H2O, (Isoquinoline·H)2HOCl5· 3H2O, and (Acridine·H)2HoCl5·5H2O were obtained by the reaction of HoCl3·6H2O with the azaheterocycle and the hydrochloric acid in water. The new compounds were characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis and their infrared spectra. The electronic absorption spectra of the holmium salts were recorded.

Published
1979

94. The reaction of uranyl chloride with hydrochlorides and hydrooxalates of nitrogen-containing heterocycles

Author

Cyril Párkányi and Bansi L. Kalsotra

Subjects
Quinoline, Inorganic chemistry, Oxalic acid, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, Oxalate, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Morpholine, Pyridine, Materials Chemistry, Chlorine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Uranyl chloride, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Nine uranium(VI) complexes of nitrogen-containing heterocycles were prepared by the reaction of uranyl chloride with the corresponding ligand and hydrochloric or oxalic acid in aqueous medium. Under practically identical conditions, two different types of complexes were obtained in both cases. In the chlorine-containing complexes of aromatic azaheterocycles, the chlorine : uranium ratio was 4:1 [(Pyridine·H) 2 UO 2 Cl 4 , (Quinoline·H) 2 UO 2 Cl 4 , and (Isoquinoline·H) 2 UO 2 Cl 4 ]. The chlorine : uranium ratio in the complexes of saturated heterocycles was 6:1 [(Piperidine·H) 4 UO 2 Cl 6 , (Piperazine·H 2 ) 2 UO 2 Cl 6 , and (Morpholine·H) 4 UO 2 Cl 6 ]. Analogously, in the oxalate complexes the ratios were 2:1 [(Pyridine· H) 2 UO 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 and (Quinoline·H) 2 UO 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 · H 2 O] and 3:1 [(Morpholine·H) 4 UO 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 ·3H 2 O]. The complexes were characterized on the basis of their elemental analysis and their infrared spectra were studied.

Published
1978

95. Pyrolysis of cyclopentane behind reflected shock waves

Author

Bansi L. Kalra, Stuart A. Feinstein, and David K. Lewis

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Organic Chemistry, General Chemistry, Photochemistry, Hydrogen atom abstraction, Decomposition, Catalysis, Cyclopropane, Propene, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hydrocarbon, chemistry, Cyclopentane, Pyrolysis, Isomerization
Abstract

Gas samples containing either 0.20% or 1.0% cyclopentane plus 0.25% tert-butyl alcohol in argon have been heated to 1185–1257 K in a single pulse shock tube. The previously studied dehydration of the alcohol was used as an internal standard reaction for temperature measurement. Pyrolysis of the cyclopentane yielded a broad spectrum of C1–C5 hydrocarbon products; however, the products and their concentration ratios were in good agreement with those recently reported by Tsang, in a comparative rate study of cyclopentane pyrolysis vs. cyclo-hexene decyclization. Thus strong support is offered for Tsang's proposed complex mechanism involving (a) molecular isomerization to 1-pentene and subsequent degradation of that product, (b) molecular decomposition to cyclopropane and ethene, followed by isomerization of cyclopropane to propene, and (c) induced decomposition to a variety of C1–C5 hydrocarbons plus H2 via hydrogen atom abstraction from cyclopentane by various radicals generated from 1-pentene. The only significant disagreement with Tsang's study is a ∼40° temperature discrepancy; possible sources of this are discussed.

Published
1979

96. Photosensitization by Cd(3P0,1) atoms. III. Gas phase decomposition of cyclopentane

Author

Bansi L. Kalra and A. R. Knight

Subjects
Olefin fiber, Ethylene, Hydrogen, Radical, Organic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Photochemistry, Decomposition, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Cyclopentene, Cyclopentane
Abstract

The triplet cadmium photosensitized decomposition of cyclopentane in the vapor phase has been studied at 355 °C and has been shown to give rise to cyclopentyl radicals and hydrogen atoms with close to unit efficiency in the primary process. Subsequent reactions of these species, including an important contribution from unimolecular decomposition of cyclopentyl radicals, yield the observed volatile products, hydrogen, methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, and cyclopentene. As a result of significant olefin scavenging of H-atoms product yields are strongly time dependent. The system has been shown to be unaffected by addends. The temperature dependence of the rate of product formation is consistent with the known energetics of cyclopentyl radical decomposition.

Published
1976

97. EFFECT OF THE BROMINE ATOM UPON THE DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF BROMOPYRIDINES, BROMOQUINOLINES AND 4-BROMOISOQUINOLINE IN THEIR LOWEST EXCITED SINGLET AND TRIPLET STATES

Author

Bansi L. Kalsotra, Jean-Jacques Aaron, Alfred T. Jeffries, Cyril Párkányi, and P. Thiao

Subjects
Dissociation constant, Atomic orbital, Absorption spectroscopy, Chemistry, Excited state, Singlet fission, General Medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Triplet state, Ground state, Phosphorescence, Photochemistry, Biochemistry
Abstract

— The lowest excited singlet-state dissociation constants (pKSa) of bromosubstituted pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines were determined from the pH-dependent shifts in their electronic absorption spectra. The lowest excited triplet-state dissociation constants (pKTa) of bromosubstituted quinolines and 4-bromoisoquinoline were obtained from the shifts of the 0–0 phosphorescence bands measured in rigid aqueous solution at 77 K. The pKSa values indicate that the basicity of these brominated nitrogen heterocycles is increased in the lowest excited singlet state by 2 to 10 orders of magnitude as compared with the ground state. The pKTa values are found to be significantly different from the corresponding ground-state pKa values, indicating that the basicity of bromoquinolines is increased in the lowest excited triplet state by 1.7 to 3.0 pK units. The enhancement of the excited singlet-and triplet-state basicity of brominated nitrogen heterocycle derivatives as compared with the unsuhstituted parent compounds is attributed to the increased electron-donor conjugative interactions of the bromine atom pπ orbitals with π orbitals in the lowest excited singlet and triplet state.

Published
1979

98. Ecophysiological aspects of halophyte zonation in saline sloughs

Author

Bansi L. Tiku

Subjects
Hydrology, medicine.medical_treatment, Soil Science, Soil science, Edaphic, Plant Science, Total dissolved solids, Substrate (marine biology), Water potential, Halophyte, medicine, Osmotic pressure, Environmental science, Saline, Water content
Abstract

The distribution of halophytes along the shoreline of a saline lake was studied in relation to the edaphic gradient, defined in terms of soil moisture, quality and quantity of dissolved solids, and osmotic and matric potential of the soil substrate. The edaphic gradient extends laterally from the wet depression area to the upslope drier area. The depression areas have low osmotic potential and support a luxurious growth ofSalicornia rubra but adversely affectDistichlis stricta, which grows best in the upslope area characterised by low matric potential of the substrate.

Published
1975

99. The Relationship Between Density and Mortality of Flour Beetles Exposed to Insecticide-Treated Surfaces1

Author

Bansi L. Wattal and L. K. Cutkomp

Subjects
Ecology, Thiocyanate, chemistry.chemical_element, General Medicine, Pesticide, Biology, Positive correlation, Oxygen, Toxicology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Critical level, chemistry, Insect Science, Respiration, Carbon dioxide, Ethyl thiocyanate
Abstract

When high densities (three or more individuals per sq. cm.) of flour beetles, Tribolium confusum Duv. and Tl castaneum (Hbst.) were exposed to DDT or pyrethrins-treated surfaces in closed petri dishes the resulting mortality was much higher than with low densities (one individual or less per sq. cm.) of beetles. The mortality increase was progressive and did not show an abrupt change over the range of densities studied. The results were obtained from surfaces containing an excess of the insecticide in relation to the amount picked up. The differences in mortality did not occur in uncovered dishes or when the beetles were exposed to a thiocyanate insecticide, Lethane 384® (2-(2-butoxycthoxy)ethyl thiocyanate). The causes producing such differences in mortality would appear to be associated with some volatile material. Tests of the effects of the secreted quinone compounds and of accumulated carbon dioxide were negative. A critical level of oxygen need is probably reached. This probability is indicated based upon previous experiments in other laboratories that have shown a large increase in oxygen consumption following DDT or pyrethrins exposure. Conversely, a thiocyanate that depresses oxygen consumption did not produce greater mortality with a greater density of beetles. Open dishes would also permit an exchange of air and the differences in mortality did not occur under these conditions. Other possible influencing factors were studied but did not produce a positive correlation with the differences in mortality. These factors included the possible effect of rate of movement and pickup of the insecticide. Rate of movement was greater with a greater density of beetles, which occurred whether the dishes were covered or uncovered. No marked difference occurred in pickup.

Published
1959

100. Permeation of Electrolytically Generated Hydrogen and Tritium Atoms through Lead

Author

Frank R. Smith and Bansi L. Muju

Subjects
Electrolysis, Hydrogen, Organic Chemistry, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Permeation, Electrochemistry, Catalysis, law.invention, Lead Metal, chemistry, law, Electrode, Tritium, FOIL method
Abstract

Radiochemical and electrochemical evidence is presented that electrochemically generated tritium and hydrogen atoms permeate through lead foil at measureable rates at room temperature. The permeation process is controlled by diffusion through the metal lattice, Fick's First Law being obeyed by both H and 3H atoms. Using earlier measurements of the diffusivity of H in Pb, H and 3H concentrations of 4 × 10−7 and 9 × 10−13 g-atom cm−3 are computed for a current density of 53 mA cm−2 at the Pb cathode surface.The overall hydrogen-tritium separation factor, ST is apparently 0.3 ± 0.15, in contrast to Bockris and Srinivasan's 6.7 and 7.2 for cathodic gas evolution from acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Reasons are suggested for this large difference.

Published
1971

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