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Economists occupy leading positions in many different sectors including central and private banks, multinational corporations, the state and the media, as well as serving as policy consultants on everything from health to the environment and security. Power and Influence of Economists explores the interconnected relationship between power, knowledge and influence which has led economics to be both a source and beneficiary of widespread power and influence. The contributors to this book explore the complex and diverse methods and channels that economists have used to exert and expand their influence from different disciplinary and national perspectives. Four different analytical views on the role of power and economics are taken: first, the role of economic expert discourses as power devices for the formation of influential expertise; second, the logics and modalities of governmentality that produce power/knowledge apparatuses between science and society; third, economists as involved in networks between academia, politics and the media; and forth, economics considered as a social field, including questions of legitimacy and unequal relations between economists based on the detention of various capitals. The volume includes case studies on a variety of national configurations of economics, such as the US, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Greece, Mexico and Brazil, as well as international spaces and organisations such as the IMF. This book provides innovative research perspectives for students and scholars of heterodox economics, cultural political economy, sociology of professions, network studies, and the social studies of power, discourse and knowledge.

The Nordic Model is the 20th-century Scandinavian recipe for combining stable democracies, individual freedom, economic growth and comprehensive systems for social security. But what happens when Sweden and Finland – two countries topping global indexes for competitiveness, productivity, growth, quality of life, prosperity, and equality – start doubting themselves and their future? Is the Nordic Model at a crossroads? Historically, consensus, continuity, social cohesion, and broad social trust have been hailed as key components for the success and for the self-images of Sweden and Finland. In the contemporary, however, political debates in both countries are increasingly focused on risks, threats, and worry. Social disintegration, political polarization, geopolitical anxieties, and threat of terrorism are often dominant themes. This book focuses on what appears to be a paradox: countries with low income differences, high faith in social institutions, and relatively high cultural homogeneity becoming fixated on the fear of polarization, disintegration, and diminished social trust. Unpacking the presentist discourse of "worry" and a sense of interregnum at the face of geopolitical tensions, digitalization, and globalization, as well as challenges to democracy, the chapters take steps back in time and explore the current conjecture through the eyes of historians and social scientists, addressing key aspects of and challenges to both the contemporary and future Nordic Model. In addition, the functioning and efficacy of the participatory democracy and current protocols of decision-making are debated. This work is essential reading for students and scholars of the welfare state, social reforms, and populism, as well as Nordic and Scandinavian studies.

In the last two decades, the quest for a widely accepted definition of social enterprise has been a central issue in a great number of publications.The main objective of the ICSEM Project on which this book is based was to show that the social enterprise field would benefit much more from linking conceptualisation efforts to the huge diversity of social enterprises than from an additional and ambitious attempt at providing an encompassing definition. Starting from a hypothesis that could be termed "the impossibility of a unified definition", the ICSEM research strategy relied on bottom-up approaches to capture the social enterprise phenomenon in its local and national contexts. This strategy made it possible to take into account and give legitimacy to locally embedded approaches, while simultaneously allowing for the identification of major social enterprise models to delineate the field on common grounds at the international level.Social Enterprise in Western Europe –the third volume in a series of four ICSEM-based books on social enterprise worldwide – will serve as a key reference and resource for teachers, researchers, students, experts, policy makers, journalists and others who want to acquire a broad understanding of the social enterprise and social entrepreneurship phenomena as they emerge and develop in this region.

Introduction This chapter aims to examine how both labour supply and demand characteristics may influence participation in adult education/training. Particular emphasis is placed on skill use at work as well as situations of skill match or ...

This study aims to evaluate the practice of selling and financing real-estate projects before completion in Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2019. The practice is called off-plan sales or financing, which is first regulated by resolution no. 73 of 2009, modified in 2012 resolution no. 47 and last resolution passed on 2016 resolution no. 536. The policy restricted and governed off-plan practice in the country and created new licensing requirements for off-plan development activities. The market implication with the implementation of the policy is the focus of the study. The policy regulated new requirements and stakeholders to implement the policy. The mechanism that Saudi Arabia has applied had progressed in the study period with several implications of the market performance. The role of public policy evolution is to understand the implication of the policy in the market. Saudi Arabia, with low ownership rates, thrives on increasing the affordability of real-estate. Off-plan, as a strategic solution for housing in Saudi Arabia, was used by regulators to promote off-plan activities by bridging the voids in the supply and demand, also enhance off-plan policy practice in the country. Managed by an off-plan policy committee named “Wafi” program in the Ministry of Housing, a set of requirements and development procedures were passed by the committee, which had its implication on the market and real-estate development practice in Saudi Arabia. The research was conducted using a descriptive methodology and a survey. Qualitative research was conducted using close-ended survey questions. Twelve participants were selected with four different groups of off-plan policy users. The first group of 8 buyers, 3 developers, 2 bankers and 2 regulators were recruited. The buyers were selected on different project statuses. The other groups were selected with experience with the off-plan policy covering the first period of the policy implementation and the last period of the policy implementation. The hypothesis was developed to evaluate four aspects regarding the policy, which are economic perspective, buyer perspective, development perspective, and market perspective. The questionnaire was developed to answer the research question of evaluating the implication of off-plan policy in Saudi Arabia between 2009 and 2019. The findings show that respondents believe that off-plan financing confirms the first hypothesis H1 off-plan Stimulating entrepreneurial market dynamics. The results show that Off-plan policy contributed in increasing investment in the market by local and foreign investors, which encouraged banks and developers to utilize Off-plan policy financing. The second hypothesis is confirmed by the H2 Off-plan policy alleviate development risk for developers. The finding shows an agreement on the role of the off-plan policy to govern the development practice in the country. Result show participants agree on the role of the policy helping developers complete on time and access to fund. On the third hypothesis H3 buyers’ rights were protected by the off-plan policy finding confirm the hypothesis. The participants view confirm the role of policy protecting buyers right, project specification and help buyers chose trusted developers. On the last hypothesis H4 Off-plan policy application reduced property price finding shows confirmation of participants view on the role of policy reducing property price. The result shows participants agreement on the role of the policy to increase affordability and reduce property price. The results confirm the literature on the role of public policy in the market. It is also an area of research that is not researched in academia widely. The literature confirms the importance of the results regarding the implication of the policy in the market. The literature also explains the results background on the policy implications in Saudi Arabia during the period 2009-2019. This study is the first focused research on off-plan policy in Saudi Arabia. With fewer attempts on off-plan policy from a legal perspective. The study answers the implication of off-plan policy on several dimensions related to the professional practice of off-plan property development in Saudi Arabia. The finding answers viewpoint of off-plan users, which policymakers can use to evaluate the policy implication and used as a reference for off-plan practice across the globe.

Motivation in Organisations: Searching for a Meaningful Work-Life Balance extends the current motivation models in business education to include motives of human behaviour that have been neglected for decades. It debunks some of the myths about human motivation (self-interest as the dominant factor, amorality and non-spirituality) and explains why this approach to teaching business is erroneous and leads to wrong and harmful practices in many organisations. In a very personal and engaging style, the author presents a "map of motivations", based on a humanistic approach to management. This includes the latest findings of Abraham H. Maslow supported by sound philosophical reflections and modern research. He also presents specific ways of putting the framework into practice, sharing stories from students and professionals of how this framework has helped them better understand their own motivations and look at their daily work in a much more meaningful way. The book is highly relevant to students and researchers in humanistic management, people management, organisational behaviour, business ethics, corporate social responsibility and sustainability. In short, this text will be truly inspiring to anyone who wants to reflect on motivations in organisations and how to achieve a better work-life balance.

Responsible Innovation encourages innovators to work together with stakeholders during the research and innovation process, to better align the outcomes of innovation with the values, needs and expectations of society. Assessing the benefits and costs of Responsible Innovation is crucial for furthering the responsible conduct of science, technology and innovation. However, there is until now only limited academic work on Responsible Innovation assessment. This book fills this lacuna. Assessment of Responsible Innovation: Methods and Practices presents tools for measuring, monitoring, and reporting upon the Responsible Innovation process and the social, environmental, scientific, and economic impacts of innovations. These tools help innovators to mitigate risk and to strengthen their strategic planning. This book aligns assessment tools and practices with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The prospects as well as the limitations of various Responsible Innovation assessment approaches and tools are discussed, as well as their applicability in various industry contexts. The book brings together leading scholars in the field to present the most comprehensive review of Responsible Innovation tools. It articulates the importance of assessment and value creation, the different metrics and monitoring systems that can be deployed and the reporting mechanisms, including the importance of effective communication.

Der Sammelband präsentiert Ergebnisse eines transdisziplinären Forschungsprojekts an der Universität Oldenburg, die in wissenschaftlichen Beiträgen sowie in Reflexionen aus Unternehmen, Politik und Verwaltung diskutiert werden. Im Projekt ""Zukunftsdiskurse: Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften zwischen Gesellschaft, Ökonomie und Bildung"" haben Vertreter:innen verschiedener wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen sowie Vertreter:innen aus Unternehmen, Politik und Verwaltung zentrale Fragen für die Etablierung und Stabilisierung einer nachhaltigen Wirtschaftsordnung diskutiert. Der Sammelband präsentiert das hieraus entstandene Zukunftsmodell für eine nachhaltige Wirtschaftsordnung und beschreibt die zentralen Akteure mit ihren Aufgaben sowie Wechselbeziehungen. In den Beiträgen wird das Modell aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive und aus Sicht von Praktiker:innen reflektiert. Die Beiträge liefern Impulse für die weitere Auseinandersetzung mit dem Topos nachhaltige Transformation für die Wissenschaft. Akteure aus Politik und Wirtschaft finden Anregungen und Fundierungen für Entscheidungen auf kommunaler, nationaler und internationaler Ebene.

Based on the industrial revolution model, the informational and service age’s main challenge, also falsely named the digital revolution, is to generate economic and social value and reinvent business models. Unfortunately, Solow’s paradox is still valid despite the work of Brynjolfsson, who has tried to prove the contrary generating a kind of Halo effect among the research community. The purpose of this integrative literature review was to understand better the arguments put forward and conceptualize the real stakes of this new revolution, which impacts almost every organization. The reasons why Solow’s paradox is still valid could be found among three primary syndromes: technology fantasy, IT engineering approaches instead of IS engineering, and a lack of executive governance, fueled by a poor understanding and mastering of the critical building blocks of this new Age. On one side, they are the raw material: data-information-knowledge, and on the other side, the tool and its usage. Therefore, clarifying the concepts of IT, digital, and information systems is vital. Compared to traditional IT budgets, assessing digital and IS budgets gives a brand-new perspective and provides three main levers to optimize and reinvent current organizations: information technologies, data, and new digital concepts. Based on different cases, we describe how to design the optimized digital company by distinguishing the machine (“M”) on the “producer side” from the “consumer side” with its different types of usage: Machine to Machine (“M2M”), Human to Machine (“H2M”) and Human to Human (“H2H”). The results are presented in both the form of conceptual reasoning and with practical exploratory cases and models. Finally, we introduced the theory of nanoeconomics, which, together with mesoeconomics fostered by GAFAM, could well marginalize traditional macro and microeconomics.

Wie kann das Verhältnis zwischen Familie und gemeinsamen Unternehmen langfristig konstruktiv gestaltet werden, sodass die Überlebensfähigkeit des Familienunternehmens über Generationen verbessert und damit der langfristige Fortbestand des Unternehmens gesichert ist? Mit einer Familienverfassung wird der Unternehmerfamilie ein Instrument an die Hand gegeben, das hilft, destruktive Konflikte zu vermeiden oder beherrschbar zu machen. Es herrscht überwiegend Einigkeit darüber, dass dieses Regelsystem keinen rechtsverbindlichen Charakter haben soll, sondern vielmehr als moralisch verbindlich gelten soll. Umso mehr stellen sich jedoch Unternehmerfamilien die Frage, von welchen Determinanten es abhängt, ob die in einer Familienverfassung festgelegten Spielregeln auch von allen Familienmitgliedern befolgt werden. Hier setzt Marco Henry V. Neumueller mit seiner Arbeit an. How can the relationship between a family and family businesses be designed in a long-lasting and effective manner, so that the survivability can be improved over generations and the long-term continuation of the company can be assured? A family constitution offers the business family an instrument both to prevent and master destructive family conflicts. It is widely accepted that that this regulation system need not have an official character but should be rather morally binding. However, entrepreneurial families question which factors guarantee that the rules, determined in a family constitution, are followed by all family members. This issue will be analysed in Marco Henry V. Neumueller’s work.

In current highly competitive business environment, having well performing and inspired employees are the main success factor for any organization. In realizing that, in one hand researchers argue well-designed reward strategy plays the major role through enhancing the performance of employees. In the other hand, other scholars claim that rewards have nothing to do with employees’ performance. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of reward management system on employee performance in the case of IE Network Solution PLC. in Addis Ababa. This study was conducted through a mixed research approach with in both a descriptive and explanatory research design. A total of 80 self administered questionnaires were distributed to the all staff members of the company. 77 questionnaires were returned which gave response rate 96.25%. It was valid to run the data analysis. Therefore the descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analysis were computed through SPSS version 23. The correlation analysis result shows that promotion and employee recognition positively and moderately associated with performance of employees. However work condition salary have a positive but weak relation with employee performance. The multiple regression analysis revealed promotion (β=0.313), employee recognition (β=0.319), work condition (β=0.256), and salary (β=0.189) has a significant effect on employee performance. However benefit packages have no significant effect on performance of employees. Additionally the regression analysis shows, (𝑅 2 = 0.579, p

Wie funktionieren Kooperationen in einem per se interdisziplinären Umfeld mit verschiedenen Herangehens- und Arbeitsweisen, Fragestellungen, Erwartungen und Zielvorgaben und welche Erfahrungen wurden damit im jeweiligen Projekt gesammelt? Der erste Band des Netzwerks für digitale Geisteswissenschaften und Citizen Science fragt nach der praktischen Ausgestaltung kooperativer Forschungsprozesse im Zusammenspiel von Geisteswissenschaft, Digital Humanities, Informatik und weiteren Akteuren. Ausgehend von einer konkreten Projekt- und/oder institutionellen Perspektive richtet sich der Blick auf den Aspekt der Kooperation als inhaltliche, organisatorische und forschungspraktische Klammer der beteiligten Wissenschaftskulturen. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf den Erfolgsfaktoren für eine Projektarbeit, in der es gelingt, sich auf die unterschiedlichen (fach-)spezifischen und methodischen Ansätze, Arbeits- und Denkweisen des Kooperationspartners einzulassen und in andere Sichtweisen auf das gleiche Projekt einzudenken. How do co-operations function in a per se interdisciplinary environment with different methods, approaches, questions, expectations and goals? What kind of experiences have been made in the respective projects? The first volume of the network for Digital Sciences and Citizen Science focuses on the practical design of co-operative research processes in connection with Human Sciences, Digital Humanities, Information Technology and other research fields. On the basis of an existing project and / or institutional perspective it concentrates on the aspect of co-operations as topical, organisational and research-practical frame of the parties involved. The volume also focuses on the success factors of a project, in which it is possible to adapt to various specific and methodical approaches of cooperation partners and to understand different perspectives within one project.

Purpose - There is plenty of existing literature on strategic performance measurement and management (SPMM). However, most of them concentrate on the private sector. This thesis trilogy explores the subject primarily from the rarely tackled lens of the public sector, and especially in fragile periphery countries. The first paper assesses conceptualisation and application of SPMM in the ‘New Public Management’ (NPM) context through pursuing four SPMM dimensions. The second paper explores strategic alignment as a sine qua non for successful SPMM systems as contained in gluts of literature by critically assessing architecture and institutionalisation of SPMM in the public sector of a fragile periphery country from NPM perspective. The third and final instalment further investigates application and evolution of SPMM practices in public entities (PEs) in a resource constricted, fragile and disruptive external environment. Design/Methodology/Approach – This thesis mixes two protocols for field research and also adopts a systemic literature review. The first paper is based on a systematic literature review protocol while the second and third papers utilised a comprehensive web-based survey to obtain and analyse quantitative and qualitative data from 21 public entities. This was complemented by a one-day post-survey workshop in which survey participants discussed the preliminary results and unanimously validated the research results. Findings – The first paper revealed that SPMM experienced phased parallel evolution starting with private sector around 3rd century, then the public sector around 1900 and finally third sector around 1960s. SPMM convergence in the three sectors then occurred around 1990s with implementation of contemporary multi-dimensional systems based on “adoption and adaptation” to the various sectoral, organisational and country nuances and in response to supervening environmental and contextual trends. The second paper established the existence of a strong SPMM architecture and concluded that public sectors have strong fundamentals for institutionalisation of SPMM systems. However, overall, the systems fall short of realising levels required for the classic high performance organisation due to some key attributes which have potential for improvement. The third paper further confirmed that public sector SPMM practices followed literature recommendations and are fairly aligned to international best practice. The study country’s fragile status, notwithstanding, implies that public service executives must review their SPMM systems more regularly and rigorously compared to their counterparts in “normal” countries to cope with both global external discontinuities and country-specific challenges of operating in a country facing severe developmental challenges due to unembellished socio-political turmoil and economic instability considered the most catastrophic economic collapse for any country outside a war zone in global history. Research Limitations – The study was confined to one jurisdiction (country) which, based on traditional criticisms of case study strategy, may constrain generalisation of results on SPMM practices in fragile periphery countries. Some dimensions such as culture and other behavioral aspects are not considered and may impact the SPMM and strategic objectives of the public sector and this could have hindered some anticipated study outcomes. Practical Implications – SPMM is a highly practitioner dependent field and this research attempts to provide a fair balance in bridging the gap between public sector SPMM theory and practice. Despite the country’s fragility, the study revealed that the public sector can use its current strong progress as a spring-board to the next level on the SPMM journey to build robust, more effective and adaptive systems once the country’s challenges are addressed. Originality/value – The first paper is, perhaps, one of the most comprehensive and unique papers covering progression of SPMM from the pre-industrial age through the modern digital age. The second and third papers constitute arguably the first and largest study on public sector SPMM practices in fragile periphery countries, if not the entire sub-Saharan Africa region, which adds to scant literature and advances the theory on public sector SPMM. Paper type(s) – Paper I is a theoretical paper and Paper II and III are empirical studies

The way we live and work has changed profoundly – and so has the set of skills we need to participate fully in and benefit from our hyper-connected societies ... Our new publication series, the OECD Skills Outlook, aims to provide that picture.

First Results of the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey OECD, Statistics Canada. 250250250250250 both their health and emotional status using the extreme positive categories, whereas the larger group reports their physical and mental well ...

Why is there a need to ‘innovate healthcare’? The basic reason stems from the sheer scale of the challenges now facing healthcare provision in the UK and across many other countries. The aim of this book is to interrogate past and current attempts to innovate in this arena and to draw-out the key lessons. Innovating Healthcare: The Role of Political, Managerial and Clinical Leadership presents the latest state of knowledge based on original data from a series of NIHR-funded research projects set in the context of a review of extensive secondary research. The book draws upon first-person verbatim accounts of change attempts made by doctors and other clinicians as well as upon research findings about the roles played by policy-makers and managers. The analysis draws upon theory and practice in leadership, innovation and institution-building. The mutually-reinforcing contributions of political, managerial and clinical leadership are at the core of the investigative narrative.This book will be of interest to students and researchers, clinicians and managers in the health and care sectors as well as policy-makers. While the focus in on healthcare, the book has wider relevance for students of management, leadership, innovation and organizational studies.

With its emergence as a global power, China aspires to transform from *made in China* to *created in China*. Mobilised as a crucial source for solid growth and *soft power*, creativity has become part of the new China Dream. Boredom, Shanzhai, and Digitisation in the Time of Creative China engages with the imperative of creativity by aligning it to three interrelated phenomena: boredom, shanzhai, and digitisation. How does creativity help mitigate boredom? Does boredom incubate creativity? How do shanzhai practices and the omnipresence of fake goods challenge notions of the original and the authentic? Which spaces for expressions and contestations has China’s fast-developing digital world of Weixin, Taobao, Youku, and Internet Plus Policy opened up? Are new technologies serving old interests? Essays, dialogues, audio-visual documents, and field notes, from thinkers, researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers, examine what is going on in China now, ultimately to tease out its implication to our understanding of *creativity*.

Richtig planen für den digitalen Markt - so einfach kann es seinDie Bedeutung digitaler Plattformen nimmt in allen Bereichen der Wirtschaft rapide zu. Nur wer es schafft, dazu passende Geschäftsmodelle zu entwickeln, wird aus dieser digitalen Transformation eine Erfolgsgeschichte machen können. Diese Herausforderung betrifft sowohl Start-ups als auch etablierte Unternehmen, insbesondere den Mittelstand.Klassische Ansätze der Geschäftsmodellentwicklung stoßen hierbei jedoch an ihre Grenzen. Deshalb wurden aus der Praxis heraus neue Tools und Methoden entwickelt und in diesem Toolbook gesammelt.Erstmalig stellen alle Entwicklerinnen und Entwickler ihre Tools und Methoden anwendungsbezogen vor. Somit werden ein schneller Einstieg und die individuelle Anwendung der aktuellen Ansätze zur Geschäftsmodellentwicklung von digitalen Plattformen ermöglicht.

"Steep socioeconomic hierarchy in post-industrial Western society threatens public health because of the physiological consequences of material and psychosocial insecurities and deprivations. Following on from their previous books, the authors continue their exploration of the geography of early mortality from age-related chronic conditions, of risk behaviors and their health outcomes, and of infant and child mortality, all due to rigid hierarchy. They divide the 50 states into those that gave their electoral college votes to Trump and those that gave theirs to Clinton in the 2016 presidential election and compare the two sets for socioeconomic and public health profiles. They deliberately apply only simple standard statistical methods in the public health analyses: t-test, Mann-Whitney test, bivariate regression, and backward stepwise multivariate regression. The book assumes familiarity with basic statistics. The authors argue that the unequal power relations that result in eroding public health in the nation and, in particular, in the Trump-voting states, largely cascade from the collapse of American industry, and they analyze the Cold War roots of that collapse. In two largely independent chapters on economics, they explore both the suppression of countervailing forces, such as organized labor, and the diversion of technical resources to the military as essential foundations to the population-level suffering that expressed itself in the 2016 presidential election. This interdisciplinary book has several primary audiences: creators of public policies, such as legislators and governmental staff, public health professionals and social epidemiologists, economists, labor union professionals, civil rights advocates, political scientists, historians, and students of these disciplines from public health through the social sciences. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license."

The growth of world trade has been stagnant in recent times; trade liberalisation now has been challenged. The recent rise of anti-globalisation calls for a better integration in East Asia. How should East Asia manage its openness? This book provides profound analyses on rules of origins, non-tariff measures, restrictiveness in services and investment. It gives insight into how East Asian countries should shape its trade, investment and industrial policies. This book helps to answer what kind of a better integration it should be, and how East Asia can realise it.

In many countries of the Global South, energy infrastructure is holey, unreliable or simply not existent. This leads to different kinds of severe problems. Just to name a few: Family members, mostly women, spend hours every day to collect firewood for cooking. In many cases, they suffer under pulmonary diseases, because they have no access to clean cooking facilities. And companies are less productive without access to electricity. Students of the Joint International Master on Sustainable Development worked on energy access scale-up projects during their third semester at Leipzig University. In this semester, students are requested to work on an ''integration project'': integrating various aspects of sustainable development in a particular case study. The class of 2017 approached energy access from the interdisciplinary perspective of sustainable development, anchored however in the field of Economics and Management Science to ensure feasibility of their work. This present edition of Studies in Infrastructure and Resources Management looks at their work in two different energy access scale-up projects in the sub-Saharan countries Nigeria and Senegal.

This nonexperimental correlational research examined the extent to which a relationship exists between Crowdfunding (CF) adoption amongst nations and national culture dimensions. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita was the moderating variable in the study. The goal of the research was attained by comparing the difference of CF adoption to nations’ national dimensions of culture. Datasets for four of Hofstede’s national culture dimensions, CF, and GDP per capita were tested for any predictive power. This study examined the relationship between each of Hofstede’s dimensions and the number of successful CF projects per capita in 69 nations. The results of this study suggest that the dimensions Individualism versus Collectivism (IDV) and Power Distance Index (PDI) correlated with CF adoption while the dimensions Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) and Long-term Orientation versus Short-term Normative (LTO) did not correlate with CF adoption. This study tested the moderating effect of economic wealth using GDP per capita and revealed a significant moderating effect on the relationship between PDI and LTO dimensions of culture and CF adoption.

The purpose of this qualitative multi-case study was to investigate the strategic planning phases, the strategic planning processes, and how implications of these processes enhance long-term sustainability and performance of non-profit Historically Black College and University (HBCU)-affiliated Community Development Corporations (CDC). More specifically, this multiple case study seeks to determine if a strategic planning tool, “HBCU Community Development Action Coalition (CDAC) Strategic Framework” has helped other non-profit HBCU-affiliated CDCs enhance long-term sustainability and performance during periods of funding difficulties. The research questions asked: 1) how are the planning, documentation and dissemination, implementation, and monitoring phases of the strategic planning process conducted at an HBCU CDC?; 2) what methods have been used to implement the HBCU – CDAC Strategic Framework’s Action Items or strategic plan?; 3) what methods have been most effective in implementing the HBCU – CDAC Strategic Framework’s Action Items or strategic plan?; 4) what are the biggest challenges an HBCU CDC must overcome to successfully implement the HBCU – CDAC Strategic Framework’s Action Items or strategic plan?; 5) how is strategic planning monitored? (What is the evidence of the impact in the organization’s activities?); and 6) how are the patterns of commonalities of strategic planning between each organization? A qualitative research in the form of a case study was used to gather the data. Selected participants were Executive Directors of HBCU-affiliated CDCs. Three participants were used for the study. Each of the participants were interviewed. The results suggest that each case successfully implemented the HBCU-CDAC Strategic Framework’s Action Items or strategic plan. Each case was able to identify how they incorporated the framework and its benefits. Each case found a way to sustain their operations during funding difficulties. Furthermore, the results indicate that the proposed HBCU CDAC Strategic Framework has led to the success and sustainability of the participating non-profit HBCU-affiliated CDCs. Implementing aspects of the HBCU CDAC Strategic Framework and its Action Items could help organizations articulate their case for funding support and collaboration, not only to the HBCU-centric community but non-profit organizations across the United States.

This book explores a century of business development in The South African Life Assurance Company, from a specific local focus to a national conglomerate expanding into global insurance markets. Established as a strategic vehicle to address Afrikaner economic marginalization and abject poverty at the beginning of the twentieth century, Sanlam has displayed both path dependence and a dynamic adaptability to complex changing contexts to become a global player. The strategic convergence of economic empowerment through the mobilization of savings into insurance products, as well as Afrikaner nationalism, assisted this growth. Sanlam has played an a-typical role in the economic empowerment of an ethnic entity through extensive investments into the industrializing South African economy. This strategic diversion created operational limitations that were only resolved early in the twenty-first century. As globalization, financial deregulation, and weakened Afrikaner political and social hegemony manifested, strategic change management relied on the path dependence of empowerment strategies to address new markets with similar needs to those of the early stakeholder market of 1918. The former mutual life office demutualized operations to become a diversified financial services group of companies operating across almost the entire African continent, as well as in India, Malaysia, and the UK. This volume presents a business history of strategic management of an insurance enterprise, and its transformation from a defined cultural context into an international empowerment strategy through innovation on all levels of business operation and organization.

This transdisciplinary volume investigates the ways in which people and organisations deal with the overflow of information, goods or choices. It explores two main themes: the emergence of overflows and the management of overflows, in the sense of either controlling or coping with them. Individual chapters show the management of overflows taking place in various social settings, periods and political contexts. This includes attempts by states to manage future consumption overflow in post-war Easter European, contemporary economies of sharing, managing overflow in health care administration, overflow problems in mass travel and migration, overflow in digital services and the overflow that scholars face in dealing with an abundance of publications.

This paper reflects on the experience of the 1999–2002 minority pipeline program (MPP) at the University of California, Riverside. With support from the American Economic Association, the MPP identifi ed students of color interested in economics, let them explore economic issues aff ecting minority communities, and encouraged them to consider postgraduate work in economics. The MPP’s successes and failures can be traced to the shifting balance in California’s racialized political economy, especially a state ballot initiative forbidding the use of applicant race or ethnicity in University of California admission decisions, and to the transformation of economics itself, especially at the level of doctoral training. The MPP experience may be of relevance for other eff orts to increase racial/ethnic diversity in social science disciplines.

The environment in which a company or organization operates today can be characterized by accelerating change, the globalization of markets, the emergence of new technologies and competitors, new regulatory requirements and ever more demanding users and citizens. In this environment, the ability to innovate becomes a key success factor for most organizations. They seek to continuously create and realize value by introducing new or changed products, services, processes, models, methods, etc. The reasons for an organization to innovate are many and can include to increase revenues, growth and profitability, reduce costs and waste, increase the satisfaction of users, customers and citizens, motivate employees and attract partners, collaborators and funding, and so on. Engaging in innovation activities is thus a way for an organization to be future focused and effectively deliver on its overall objectives to secure prosperity and longer-term relevance and survival. The ability to innovate and to make it a core organizational capability is increasingly becoming the most important differentiator and dominant success factor of organizations. Failing to capture new opportunities and to respond to innovation challenges may consequently lead to stagnation, irrelevance and ultimately to the demise of the organization.

The book examines sixteen industrialized countries in North America, Western Europe, and Scandinavia—each with different approaches to assisting the poor—to see how successful each has been in developing its economy and curbing ...

However, it also is written with an eye to readers with practical interests in international management or governments. This pioneering work will be discussed and analyzed for decades to come.

However, it also is written with an eye to readers with practical interests in international management or governments. This pioneering work will be discussed and analyzed for decades to come.