Search

The Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) is a good candidate for the inner tracking system of the Electron–Ion Collider in China (EicC). Hence, a MAPS with a pixel pitch of ∼30 µm is being designed. Two 130 nm CMOS processes have been proposed as candidates for this MAPS design. The first one is a commercial standard twin-well low-resistivity (−3) process, and the other one is a quadruple-well high-resistivity (>1 kΩ cm−3) process. A 3-dimensional TCAD model of the pixels has been established to evaluate the Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs) induced charge collection in these two processes. This paper will discuss the study of charge collection efficiency, charge collection time, and charge sharing among pixels.

Energetic electrons have been frequently observed during magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail. The acceleration process of the energetic electrons is not fully understood. In this paper, we select for a detailed study a case of energetic electron acceleration from the earlier reported interval of turbulent magnetic reconnection in Earth’s magnetotail observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. We use the first-order Taylor expansion method to reconstruct the magnetic topology of electron acceleration sites from the data. We find that the energetic electron fluxes increase inside the flux rope forming in front of the magnetic pileup region. We show that the energetic electrons are produced by a two-step process where two different acceleration mechanisms are successively operating outside and inside the flux rope. First, the thermal electrons are energized in the field-aligned direction inside the magnetic pileup region owing to the Fermi mechanism forming a cigar-like distribution. Second, those energized electrons are further accelerated predominately antiparallel to the magnetic field direction by a parallel electric field inside the flux rope. Our findings provide information for a better understanding of the generation of energetic electrons during turbulent reconnection process.

Magnetic flux ropes or magnetic islands are important structures responsible for electron acceleration and energy conversion during turbulent reconnection. However, the evolution of flux ropes and the corresponding electron acceleration process still remain open questions. In this paper, we present a comparative study of flux ropes observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission in the outflow region during an example of turbulent reconnection in Earth's magnetotail. Interestingly, we find the farther the flux rope is away from the X-line, the bigger the size of the flux rope and the slower it moves. We estimate the power density converted at the observed flux ropes via the three fundamental electron acceleration mechanisms: Fermi, betatron, and parallel electric field. The dominant acceleration mechanism at all three flux ropes is the betatron mechanism. The flux rope that is closest to the X-line, having the smallest size and the fastest moving velocity, is the most efficient in accelerating electrons. Significant energy also returns from particles to fields around the flux ropes, which may facilitate the turbulence in the reconnection outflow region.

Based on an integrated luminosity of 1.61 fb$^{-1}$ $e^+e^-$ collision data collected with the KLOE detector at DA$\Phi$NE, the Frascati $\phi$-factory, a search for the $P$- and $CP$-violating decay $\eta\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ has been performed. Radiative $\phi\to\eta\gamma$ decay is exploited to access the $\eta$ mesons. No signal is observed in the $\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ invariant mass spectrum, and the upper limit on the branching fraction at 90\% confidence level is determined to be ${\mathcal B}(\eta\to\pi^{+}\pi^{-}), Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures

Background: This work reports the results of the initial stage of the project aimed at detecting neuroactive substances in tropical plants that are widely used as food and/or drugs.Methods: The content of neuroactive biogenic amines, e.g, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), serotonin (5-HT), and others was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with amperometric detection in leaf samples from Plumeria rubra L. cv. acutifolia, Syzigium jambos (L.) Alston, Buxus megistophylla (or Euonymus japonicas cv. aureoma), and Cinnamomum bodinieri Levl.Results: The total fraction of disintegrated leaves contained (sub)micromolar concentrations of DA, NE, and 5-HT. They lacked E and the catecholamine precursor 2,3-dihydrophenylalanine (DOPA).Conclusions: From the data obtained, it is evident that heretofore unexplored tropical plants used in drug preparations (P. rubra and S. jambos) and as desserts (S. jambos) and spices (C. bodinieri) contain physiologically active concentrations of neurochemicals. The neurochemicals are expected to produce a significant effect on the people who consume preparations and food additives made from the aforementioned plants. Moreover, such plant preparations can potentially be used as psychoactive drugs for the purpose of intentionally manipulating human behavior.

The role of CXCL10 in progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been studied for years, yet results remain controversial. This study aims to explore the relationship between CXCL10 and CRC progression and prognosis. We evaluated plasma CXCL10 in CRC patients using ELISA. We also performed a meta-analysis of the associations between CXCL10 and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and clinicopathological features. Finally, correlations between CXCL10 and methylation or immune infiltration were performed using TCGA data. ELISA analysis showed that CXCL10 was associated with age, red blood cells, blood platelets, and blood urea nitrogen. A separate analysis of 3,763 patients from 24 studies revealed that there were significant associations between low CXCL10 expression and OS (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.53), DFS (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17–2.34), and RFS (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.20–1.71) in CRC. Additionally, downregulated CXCL10 expression was significantly correlated with age [odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.52], metastasis (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11–1.63), recurrence (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.16–1.83), tumor location (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.58–2.24), differentiation (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35–0.93), microsatellite instability (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.15–0.35), BRAF mutation (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.25–2.08), p53 mutation (OR 0.28, 95% CI 0.16–0.47), and CIMP (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17–0.43). Furthermore, significant associations were observed between CXCL10 and methylation and immune infiltration. The study suggests that CXCL10 might be a potential target for the treatment of CRC. NCT03189992. Registered 4 June 2017, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03189992?term=NCT03189992&rank=1 .

Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a common and highly prevalent disease in the population, which can develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in severe cases.A large variety of microorganisms can cause RTI, including bacteria, respiratory viruses, and fungi. The timely and accurate detection of these pathogens is the prerequisites of effective treatment of RTI. However, more than 50% of RTI patients failed to diagnosis of causative agents due to unavailability of qualified samples, antimicrobial treatment prior to sample collection, high variety of respiratory pathogens, and influence of the normal flora in respiratory tract. In recent years, progress on molecular diagnosis, especially the novel approaches such as clinical metagenomics and CRSIPR (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), has not only improved our capacity for RTI pathogen detection but also brought new challenges. In this review, we summed up the advances in RTI pathogen diagnosis in 2021 and discussed the clinical benefits and challenges from novel approaches, which provided a clinical perspective on the development and application of these diagnostic tools in the real world.呼吸道感染是人群的常见和高发疾病，严重时可发展为ARDS。各类病原微生物如细菌、真菌、病毒，均可引起呼吸道感染，快速准确的病原检测是实现呼吸道感染疾病有效诊治的关键，但超过50%的患者未能诊断出明确的致病微生物。近年来，以临床宏基因组学、CRISPR（成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列）为代表的新型检测技术在病原诊断领域取得了迅速发展，在提高病原检出率的同时，也带来了新的挑战。本文综述了过去1年来呼吸道感染病原诊断领域的进展和成果，为呼吸道感染的病原诊断提供临床视角的思考。.

Skeletally mature rodents are frequently used in studies of bone health and bone healing, some of them requiring longitudinal observations that span a significant portion of the animals' adulthood. However, changes in whole bone mechanics associated with the natural aging of adult rats have not been extensively characterized.Femurs from skeletally mature Wistar rats in three age groups of 24-week (young adult), 39-week (middle-age), and 54-week (late middle-age) were tested under three-point bending load in the anterior-posterior direction. Mechanical properties and geometric properties of the femurs from the two older groups were compared to the 24-week rats.Significantly greater strength, rigidity, and post-yield deformation were found in the 54-week group when compared to the 24-week group. The oldest group also demonstrated greater leg length, anteroposterior width, and cross-sectional moment of inertia over the youngest group. Of the intrinsic properties, the highest ultimate stress was found in the 39-week and was significantly higher than the 24-week group. The ultimate strain increased with age, and the difference between the youngest and the oldest group was statistically significant.The results suggest that femoral bending properties and geometric properties are continually modified from young adult to late-middle-aged animals. Knowing the baseline bone strength and rigidity throughout adulthood of a rodent breed helps guide animal selection in study design.

Although hyperhidrosis is a common symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), no study has yet examined it longitudinally.We conducted a 3-year prospective cohort study to investigate the development, evolution and correlates of hyperhidrosis in patients with PD.A total of 224 patients with early-stage PD were enrolled at baseline and followed up annually for three consecutive years. Hyperhidrosis was assessed using hyperhidrosis question (item 30) of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS). The generalized estimating equations model was applied to investigate the correlates of both presence and severity of hyperhidrosis.The frequency of hyperhidrosis in PD had an overall increasing tendency from 24.1% at baseline to 34.4% after 3 years, although hyperhidrosis was not always persistent in all patients over the 3-year study period. The presence of hyperhidrosis was found to be associated with dyskinesia (OR 2.27 [1.02-5.04], P = 0.045), the sexual function domain subscore of the NMSS (OR 1.04 [1.01-1.07], P = 0.016), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score (OR 1.08 [1.03-1.13], P = 0.001) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III score (OR 1.02 [1.00-1.04], P = 0.036). Only the HARS score was associated with the severity of hyperhidrosis (B 0.08 [0.03-0.12], P = 0.001).Hyperhidrosis is common in PD, and its frequency increases along with disease duration. Hyperhidrosis in PD is associated not only with motor severity and motor complication such as dyskinesia, but also with non-motor symptoms such as sexual dysfunction and anxiety.

With the motivation to study how non-magnetic ion site disorder affects the quantum magnetism of Ba3CoSb2O9, a spin-1/2 equilateral triangular lattice antiferromagnet, we performed DC and AC susceptibility, specific heat, elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements on single crystalline samples of Ba2.87Sr0.13CoSb2O9 with Sr doping on non-magnetic Ba2+ ion sites. The results show that Ba2.87Sr0.13CoSb2O9 exhibits (i) a two-step magnetic transition at 2.7 K and 3.3 K, respectively; (ii) a possible canted 120-degree spin structure at zero field with reduced ordered moment as 1.24{\mu}B/Co; (iii) a series of spin state transitions for both H // ab-plane and H // c-axis. For H // ab-plane, the magnetization plateau feature related to the up-up-down phase is significantly suppressed; (iv) an inelastic neutron scattering spectrum with only one gapped mode at zero field, which splits to one gapless and one gapped mode at 9 T. All these features are distinctly different from those observed for the parent compound Ba3CoSb2O9, which demonstrates that the non-magnetic ion site disorder (the Sr doping) plays a complex role on the magnetic properties beyond the conventionally expected randomization of the exchange interactions. We propose the additional effects including the enhancement of quantum spin fluctuations and introduction of a possible spatial anisotropy through the local structural distortions., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures

Diabetes can lead to a variety of complications, such as chronic wound (diabetic foot), which is one of the important causes of death for patients with diabetes. Unfavorable factors such as high blood glucose, high level of oxidative stress and inflammation, and susceptibility to infection lead to difficult healing and even worsening of diabetic chronic wounds. Due to the advantages of high water content, good biocompatibility, and tunable physicochemical properties, the hydrogels have become hot-spot materials in wound dressing research. Compared with the traditional dressings such as gauze, the hydrogel dressings can provide a moist environment that is beneficial for wound healing. By loading of bioactive components and modulation of compositions and structures of hydrogels, the hydrogel dressings can be endowed with excellent tissue adhesion, antibacterial ability, anti-oxidation, and inflammation regulation effect, etc., and thus show great prospects in wound dressing applications. Based on the characteristics of hydrogel materials and microenvironment of diabetic chronic wound, this review summarized the research advances on new multifunctional hydrogel dressings for the treatment of diabetic chronic wounds in recent years, and discussed the drawbacks of current hydrogel dressings with prospects proposed.糖尿病会导致多种并发症如慢性创面（糖尿病足），是导致糖尿病患者死亡的重要原因之一。高血糖、高氧化应激水平、高炎症水平以及易感染等不利因素使糖尿病致慢性创面难以愈合，甚至进一步恶化。水凝胶材料由于具有含水量高、生物相容性好和理化性能可调控等优点，已成为当前创面敷料研究中的热点材料。相较于纱布等传统敷料，水凝胶敷料可为创面提供有利于愈合的湿润环境。通过负载活性物质和改变水凝胶组成及结构，水凝胶敷料可被赋予优异的组织黏附、抗菌、抗氧化以及调控炎症因子表达等功能，因此其在创面敷料应用领域中具有广阔的前景。本文基于糖尿病致慢性创面微环境和水凝胶材料的特点，总结了近年来用于治疗糖尿病致慢性创面的新型多功能水凝胶敷料的研究进展，同时探讨了当前水凝胶敷料的不足并提出展望。.

LiMn

The configuration, local motions, and related physics processes of the terrestrial magnetotail have been well studied, playing a key role in magnetotail dynamics. But characteristics of electron pitch-angle distribution (PAD), and the formation mechanisms, at different regions in the flapping magnetotail were not pointed out. Here, we study a current sheet crossing event detected by the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission inside a magnetotail, and investigate the electron PAD of the event in detail. When the spacecraft are out of the current sheet, low-energy and high-energy electrons present field-aligned PAD and cigar-type PAD, respectively. This difference shows different motions of electrons. We proposed two possible explanation mechanisms: crossing a newly dipolarized magnetotail, or crossing the exhaust region of the reconnection region, and we discussed them in the paper adequately. Based on the dipolarized mechanism, for the first time, we point out that bouncing electrons could be the indicator of a newly dipolarized magnetotail. In addition, four other current sheet crossing cases with similar signatures are observed. Our study improves the understanding of current sheet dynamics and magnetotail configuration physics.

In this study, we apply a method for wave analyses in space plasmas, to better understand the nature of plasma waves and turbulence. Such a method is based on four-spacecraft measurements of magnetic fields or electric fields; it calculates the phase velocity of each single-frequency wave by using the timing analysis, then divides the wave frequency by the phase velocity to obtain the wavevector, and finally solves the dispersion relation (ω–k relation) by considering all frequency channels, and thus is termed Dispersion RelAtion From Timing (DRAFT). Quantitatively, we define three parameters, match of amplitude (MOA), ratio of half-wavelength to spacecraft separation (λ/2R sc), and correlation coefficient (CC), to judge the reliability of this method. We illustrate the usage of this method and validate the efficiency of the three parameters by analyzing the Magnetospheric Multiscale data. We find that the DRAFT results are generally accurate under conditions MOA > 0.5, λ/2R sc > 1, CC > 0.8. As a support, we compare our method with the previous methods such as Means and singular value decomposition (SVD). We find that if the three criteria (MOA, λ/2R sc, CC) are satisfied, the DRAFT, Means, and SVD are consistent in resolving the wave normal angle. Such a comparison robustly validates the reliability and rationality of the DRAFT method. Using DRAFT, we successfully solve the dispersion relation of an Alfvén wave in Earth’s magnetosheath and obtain its three-dimensional K -spectrum. Our method should be useful to study the low-frequency waves and weak turbulence in space plasmas.

International audience; Betatron cooling, a plasma process losing particle energy in the perpendicular direction but reserving particle energy in the field-aligned direction, is a consequence of magnetic depression under the conservation of magnetic moment. Such process has been widely studied in the Earth's magnetosphere but has never been reported in other planetary environment. Here, by utilizing the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) measurements, we report two events of betatron cooling in the Martian magnetotail. In one of the events, betatron cooling occurs in the suprathermal and energetic ranges of electrons, whereas in the other event, it occurs in the thermal-energy range. We quantitatively reproduce these two processes by using an analytical model. Gratifyingly, the cooling factor derived from the analytical model agrees well with the observation of magnetic depression. These results, for the first time demonstrating the betatron-cooling effect beyond the Earth, are useful to understand the electron dynamics in the planetary magnetosphere.

流行性感冒（简称流感）是冬春季最常见的呼吸道传染病之一。在新冠肺炎全球流行的形势下，做好流感等其他呼吸道感染的诊治对疫情防控十分重要。日前，国家卫生健康委办公厅正式发布了《流行性感冒诊疗方案（2020年版）》，本文将对诊疗方案的更新内容进行解读。.

Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate whether a molecular point-of-care test (POCT) for viral and atypical pathogens added to routine real-time PCR could reduce duration of intravenous antibiotics in hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) compared with routine real-time PCR. Methods In this single-centre, open-label, randomized controlled study, we enrolled hospitalized adults diagnosed with LRTI. Patients were randomized to an intervention group (POCT FilmArray Panel for 20 viruses, atypical pathogens and bacteria plus routine real-time PCR) or a control group (routine real-time PCR for ten pathogens). The primary outcome was duration of intravenous antibiotics during hospitalization. The secondary outcomes included length of stay, cost of hospitalization and de-escalation within 72 hours and between 72 hours and 7 days. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. Results Between October 2017 and July 2018, we enrolled 800 eligible patients (398 in the intervention group and 402 in the control group). Duration of intravenous antibiotics in the intervention group was shorter than in the control (7.0 days (interquartile range (IQR) 5.0–9.0) versus 8.0 days (IQR 6.0–11.0); p

Paratrichaptum accuratum is a large conspicuous polypore fungus growing on dead or living angiosperm trees in subtropical-boreal areas of China, Indonesia, Japan, and Taiwan. The present study places P. accuratum in the family Gloeophyllaceae that belongs to the order Gloeophyllales within Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota), based on evidence derived from morphological and ecological characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses of sequences of nuclear rDNA regions (5.8S, nuc 18S, nuc 28S) and protein-coding genes (rpb1, rpb2, and tef1). The analyses presented in this study also give strong support for including Jaapia in Gloeophyllaceae and Gloeophyllales. Thus, the names Jaapiaceae and Jaapiales are considered here as synonyms of Gloeophyllaceae and Gloeophyllales. Since Paratrichaptum represents the earliest diverging lineage in Gloeophyllales, pileate basidiocarps and brown rot appear to be ancestral states of Gloeophyllales. Paratrichaptum accuratum may represent a relic species, according to its phylogenetic position, peculiar distribution pattern and rare occurrence.

The raw materials of this study were oilfield sludge and the tailings extracted from the oil sands of Yumen. The mineral composition and particle size distribution were characterized by X-r...