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Light is one of the main factors that influences the greatest phenomenon of nature, namely photosynthesis. In modern society, excessive artificial light at night (ALAN) in the conditions of the urban environment can be considered as an external polluting factor as well. The purpose of this study carried out on Taxus baccata L. (1-year old leaves - PYL and the current year - CYL ones) grown as a hedge in urban conditions was to explore the effects of ALAN on leaves morphology, gas exchanges and associated indicators, as well as on assimilatory pigments content. The results showed that: (1) The leaves length (LL)(mm) of CYL, as well as surface area (cm²) and leaf length to width ratio (LL/LW) were significantly lower under ALAN, than in normal (day/night cycle) light (NL). For PYL, no significant differences were noticed in the case of LL, while significantly lower values have been registered in the case of LW and leaf area to leaf fresh weight (AFWR); (2) Net photosynthesis (A) had significantly higher values during the springtime for PYL in NL as against ALAN, but opposite data have been noticed in June. The quantum yield (φCO2), water use efficiency (WUE) as well as transpiration rate (T) and stomatal conductance (gs) proved to be affected by the light conditions. (3) The values for the content of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll (TC) and carotenoids (C) were generally as that known for plants in general, with a higher amount of Chl a for PYL-ALAN, as compared to those for CYL-ALAN, or CYL-NL. Further research should be applied by the scientific community to monitor the impact of different light systems during the night and counteract the ALAN impact on plants and ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The object of the study is to realize on and test organic apple powder in unconventional foods, in order to increase the nutritional and sensory quality. The innovative product is a macarons reformulated, with high nutritional value, with addition of husked hemp seeds and organic freeze dried apple powder. Organic freeze dried apple powder obtained from apples Gala variety and is characterized by a large amount of ascorbic acid and polyphenols, with high antioxidant potential. The purposes of this study were to study the novel recipe of macarons with hemp seeds husked and freeze dried apple powder, to study the consumer acceptance, the nutritional values of macaron and the production cost of the standard recipes. The results showed that the sensory quality evaluation of the recipe shows a very good appreciation of 3 attributes (appearance, flavour and smell, taste), which had average score of 4.43. The product is a sweet, fragrant and aerated dessert, which can be easily associated with different foams (mousse, creams, ice cream, etc.). The calculation of the nutritional value it was realised with a specialised soft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic agriculture is increasing in Romania, especially due to a better understanding of the effect of conventional agriculture on biodiversity. Being a relatively new implemented concept, there is a gap in the regulations regarding contaminants in organic inputs. Therefore, there are no available standard methods used to quantify contaminants such as pesticides from inputs (fertilisers) used for organic farming. This study aims to develop and to validate a quantification method to analyse the triazine contaminants (Hexazinone, Simazine, Simetryne, Atrazine, Ametryn, Propazine, Terbuthylazine, Prometryn) from organic foliar fertilizer using UPLC-PDA. Commercialy available types of fertilizer were used as complex matrix (Codamix). The quantification method was evaluated in terms of linearity, limit of detection and limit of quantification, BIAS, recovery, precision of repeatability and precision of reproducibility. Based on the acquired data, the standard uncertainty of the method was also evaluated. The developed and validated method can be successfully optimised for other type of organic fertilisers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant wastes are often burned, leading to air pollution and significant loss of potential soil nutrients. In order to mitigate these drawbacks, the waste can remain or be added to the soil, but this may increase crop diseases and also greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (e.g., CO2, CH4, N2O). Pyrolysis of vine waste is a promising and relevant technique, and the obtained biochar can be further used as a soil amender, can enhance soil C sequestration and water holding capacity, reduce GHG emissions and nutrient leaching, increase soil fertility, resulting in agronomic, environmental, and economic benefits. The aim of this study was to characterise vine waste from a physicochemical point of view in order to be used as raw material for producing biochar, which will be applied as soil amender. Plant waste material (grapevine prunings and marc) was received from Pietroasa-Istrita Research Station for Viticulture. The materials were characterised in terms of dry matter, loss on ignition, surface morphology, total carbon and nitrogen, bulk density, water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, and mineral content. The obtained results indicate that grapevine prunings and marc are suitable materials for obtaining biochar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The health effects of the active components in organic fruits and vegetables are well known. Our goal was to obtain a mixture of organic powders, from fruits and vegetables, to be enjoyed as tea for both personal satisfaction and health. The ecological powders were realized at the Research Centre for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, USAMV Bucharest. This study was conducted to identify the sensory characteristics of two kind of mixture teas containing organic ingredients and analyse sensorial attributes for the products based on consumer acceptance. The attributes were analysed by classifying them as appearance, colour and texture for dehydrated fruit and vegetable blended teas, infusion observation and tasting tea infusions from fruit and vegetable powder ecological by on appearance, flavoured, aroma, texture or mouthfeel, and any aftertaste. Principal component analysis results showed that the mixture teas analysed are generally tasty, with a discreet sweet taste, sour and aromatic sweetness due to the dehydrated apple and was well appreciated by the consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the entire world is facing major challenges related to agricultural practices and heavy metals contaminations of agricultural systems and food production. On the other hand, the structure, texture, and properties of the soil have deteriorated as a result of intensive conventional agriculture based on the addition of different inputs. Along with these, toxic metals affect agricultural soils, crops, food chain, becoming a major threat to living systems. Among these is chromium (Cr), an element naturally occurring in rocky soils and volcanic dust. The increased use of chromium in several multiple activities causes soil and water contamination. Differently from other heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and copper, chromium presents different degrees of toxicity depending on its chemical form. In the present review, we present data regarding chromium abundance in agricultural systems, factors favouring the absorption in the plant and bioaccumulation in different organs and tissues, bioaccumulation and translocation factors, its toxicity in plants, animals, and human through the food chain, and how it can be quantified using different types of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the composition of the essential oil extracted from Artemisia scoparia in different phenophases. The essential oil has been extracted by hydro distillation and analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained results emphasized the presence of some major chemical compounds in the maturity period, such as beta pinene (2.92%), methyl eugenol (18.63%), capillene (33.33%), spathulenol (8.45%) and ent-spathulenol (14.84%), while during the flowering phase beta-pinene (9.30%), limonene (2.58%), gamma-terpinene (3.05 %), capillene (66.20%). During the growing season, beta-pinene (9.74%), limonene (3.52%), gamma-terpinene (3.93%) and capillene (71.22%) were determined. In the three phenophases the main common chemicals were ß-pinene and capillene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the bulbs are produced in many countries, the Netherlands is the center of the world flower bulb industry. Bulbs are specialized underground organs that undergo a series of physiological and biochemical changes during the cold season. The main purpose of this paper was to to compare the correlations between physiological parameters and biochemical changes. The storage conditions for hyacinth bulbs were: T:1°C and RH: 90%, and the five cultivars of hyacinths chosen for analysis (Gipsy Queen, Jan Boss, Miss Saigon, Pink Pearl, White Pearl), these being analyzed at two different moments (before and after the storage period), and the analyzes performed were: respiration and transpiration rates, mass loss, glucose, fructose and soluble solids contents. From obtained results it was observed decreases of the mass loss between 6% (for Jan Boss and Pink Pearl cultivars) and 10% (for White Pearl cultivar), between the initial and the final moment of analyses. For respiration rate were observed increases between 4 times (for Jan Boss cv.) up to 6 times (for Pink Pearl cv), between the initial and final moments. The soluble solids content recorded an increase between 10% for Miss Saigon cv. up to 20% for Gipsy Queen cv., between the initial and final moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified atmosphere is intensively studied as a fruit storage method due to consumers growing demands regarding the fresh fruit quality. The aim of this study was to extend the organic plums shelf life, by packing them in biodegradable, eco-friendly trays, and to ensure that the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics are maintained throughout the storage period. The experiments were performed in 2019 and 2020 with organic 'Tita' plums harvested at the end of July, packed immediately and cold stored at 1 ± 0.5 °C and 85 ± 5 % RH. The modified atmosphere was realised in passive way through respiration and transpiration processes of organic plums. As control, unpacked plums were kept in same storage conditions. The results showed small decreases for physicochemical characteristics of organic 'Tita' plums stored in modified atmosphere, after more than 40 days, for both years of study. Based on the physicochemical and nutritional properties we can state that organic 'Tita' plums packed in biodegradable and compostable trays were better preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the C.A. storage conditions that can preserve better the organoleptic attributes of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller, Rosaceae family), depending on the level of CO2. The three quince cultivars studied were 'Ekmek', 'Bereczki' and 'Tinella', monitored for 350 days. The samples were stored in C.A. conditions with: T: 1°C, RH: 95%, O2-3% and different levels of CO2, in the Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, of the UASMV Bucharest. The following physiological and biochemical measurements: respiration and transpiration rate, maturity index, ascorbic acid content, were compared with organoleptic attributes. After 350 days of storage, from obtained results it was observed a decrease of the ascorbic acid content between 51,4% (for 'Tinella' cv. in 5% CO2) and 70% (for 'Ekmek' cv. in 5% CO2). For respiration rate were observed increases between 85% (for 'Ekmek' cv.in 2% CO2) up to almost 3 times (for 'Tinella' cv. in 0% CO2), between the initial and final moments. As expected, the CO2 content preserved better the quality of quinces compared with control (0% CO2), based on the results obtained from the sensory analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to carry out a literature review of the use of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) in the fruit production sector by analysing its evolution in the last twenty years period. Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was an economic evaluation technique valuable that enabled to estimate of the total cost of owning and operating over a given period. At the same time, it provided additional information to supplement LCA-based decision-making. Articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were selected and reviewed. They were refined according to references and organized in several groups. Specific topics were selected such as organic and conventional technologies. Cost-hot spots along product life cycle stages were identified and improvement actions were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One important tool for the evaluation of the environmental impacts of fruit production is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). More than 150 papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals were selected and reviewed to provide an integrated perspective. In-depth analyses of the methods used were presented according to the specific topics. Conventional and organic technologies were compared for different fruit species highlighting the environmental impacts of their components such as the carbon footprint. Specific topics were reserved for horticultural inputs (fertilizers, phytosanitary protection products) and also for seedlings respectively planting material. The Life Cycle Assessment proved to be a suitable tool to visualize the effects of a decision on the environmental system during the entire life cycle of a horticultural product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals have different behaviour on crop plants, depending on several factors such as metal type, the quantity and mixture of metals in soil and soil type. Both pedological and agrochemical soil characteristics can influence heavy metals mobility and bioavailability, with notable consequences on plant growth. This study follows the accumulation of heavy metals and growth of spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.) on three different soil types (chernozem, fluvisol, chromic luvisol- acc. WRB-SR, 1998), each soil type having six variants (1 untreated soil + 5 contaminated soils) with different concentrations of heavy metals. The contaminations were made with five mixtures of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Cu and Zn) in quantities ranging near reference values to values that exceeds intervention threshold for sensitive soils, according to Ord. 756/1997 (Cd from 3 to 20 ppm, Pb from 30 to 150 ppm, Ni from 25 to 200 ppm, Co from 20 to 100 ppm, Cu from 20 to 200 ppm and Zn from 100 to 700 ppm). Soil and plant analysis for heavy metals determination were made using ICP-MS technique. The experimental results showed a significant difference on growth parameters of spinach plant and on heavy metals bioaccumulation between untreated and high contaminated soils variants, and between soil types, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nutritionally enhanced pasta was developed by adding powders freeze dried by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. var. Coeur de Boeuf, wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) and basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). This study wants to development, testing and evaluation of novel natural food additives, and their application in different products, including quality and sensorial assessment of their preserving functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the addition of organic powders to the pasta formulation, improving with powders freeze-dried by Coeur de Bœuf tomato, wild garlic and basil. In addition, the effect of powders on the sensorial properties, and cooking quality of the pasta samples was also determined in this study. The organic powders were added to the pasta formulations of 1% of the total weight of the wheat flour. The results showed that the addition of different organic powders to the pasta formulation resulted in a significant enriched in the colour, swelling volume, and weight gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Asteraceae family (Compositae) contains a multitude of species, over 23,000, spreading all over the globe. The genus Dahlia includes about 42 species, falling into the category of ornamental plants, because the flowers are characterized by a multitude of shapes, sizes and colours. The floral qualities of the species of the Dahlia genus make these plants indispensable in gardens and the decoration of green spaces. In addition to their ornamental qualities, these plants are highly valued for their medicinal qualities and nutritional properties. Although Dahlia tubers have a low caloric value, it is still notable for its high fiber content, especially soluble fiber, such as inulin, but also considerable amounts of minerals (potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, iron). The paper presents studies and research conducted in recent years on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and nutritional properties of species from Dahlia genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon and nitrogen are two of the most important elements found in soil structure and the relationship between them has a special relevance on soil characterization. This relationship is known as carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) and indicates the rate of decomposition of organic matter. Degradation of organic matter will certainly modify the C/N ratio, and this modification is related to the existing microorganisms in soil. The present study follows the evolution of the C:N ratio in a calcaric alluvial soil from Buzau county used for organic tomato cultivation and subjected to a microbial treatment based on Beauveria bassiana inoculants. The experimental scheme includes three variants: (1) untreated soil, uncultivated (control); (2) untreated soil, cultivated with Florina 44 tomato variety; (3) soil treated with microbial inoculants, cultivated with Florina 44 tomato variety. Each variant was observed on two different lots and in two moments (autumn 2019 and autumn 2020). The soil samples were taken from topsoil, dried at room temperature, and analysed using the CHNS elemental analyser for C and N determinations. Regarding the C:N ratio, the results pointed out that there are some differences that correlate with the use of microbial inoculants in tested variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preliminary study was carried out in Hortinvest greenhouses on two varieties of cherry tomatoes, 'Flaviola' and 'Cheramy' F. The environmental factors in the greenhouse, temperature, atmospheric humidity, CO2 concentration inside the greenhouse during January-March were registered. Also, the obtained productions and the vegetative mass of the leaves were registered. We found that for the 'Flaviola' variety, the temperature had a greater influence on the production compared to the 'Cheramy' variety. We noticed that each variety reacted differently both in terms of temperature and CO2 values. The accumulated vegetative mass was higher in 'Cheramy F1' compared to 'Flaviola', this being a genetic characteristic of the variety. The percentage of fruits obtained per plant was 54.75% and only 45.25% of the vegetative mass in 'Cheramy F1'. For the 'Flaviola' variety, the percentage of fruit was 60.64% and 39.36% vegetative mass. The aim of the study was to analyse the behaviour of some varieties on total production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study on the evolution of high-performance technologies as well as the evolution of areas with greenhouses and solariums in Romania aimed, in particular, to identify farmers who have adopted high-performance technologies in order to increase tomato production. We identified the high-performance greenhouses in Romania, especially those that grow tomatoes in them. They also identified the areas occupied by greenhouses and high tunnels, cultivated in a soilless system, on substrates or on the ground in some areas of Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most fruit tree species cultivated in Romania, such as apple, pear, plum, peach, apricot, cherry, as well as some berry species such as blackberry, raspberry and strawberry belong to the Rosaceae family. As most of these species are woody perennials, the traditional methods of creating new varieties are taking much longer time than in the case of annual species. New methods and tools based on the recent discoveries in molecular genetics are being developed in order to shorten the time needed to create new commercial varieties. Molecular markers, specific DNA regions linked to genes responsible for various traits (color, shape, taste, resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, etc.) are some of the tools used in genotype-assisted breeding programs. This review sums up the main results of studies on molecular markers regarding cultivated fruit tree species of Rosaceae family with commercial importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of organic fertilizers is becoming more widespread, especially since an increasing number of farmers are reorienting to organic farming. However, on the market there is a relatively limited offer of these treatments compared to conventional fertilizers. Studying their efficiency is a domain still at early stages in our country. This study aims to determine the influence of a chelated complex fertilizer of micronutrients (Codamix) and an organic fertilizer based on proteins and seaweed (Ecoaminoalga), on the total nitrogen content of some crops. These foliar treatments were applied to wheat, maize, sunflower and soybean crops and the total nitrogen content of both leaves and seeds was determined. A control lot where no foliar fertilizers were used was also analysed. Both plant and fertilizer samples were analysed with CHNS Elemental Analyzer, after dehydration. Multiple differences were observed between the control group and the lots where foliar treatments were used, as well as correlations between the type of fertilizer and the nitrogen content for certain crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the cold season, it is known that the tulip bulbs (Tulipa gesneriana L.), which are specialized underground organ, go through a series of physiological (respiration and transpiration) and biochemical changes (mass loss and total soluble solids). The main purpose of this study is to compare the physiological parameters changes during storage in cold room conditions of ten tulip cultivars (Allegretto, Margarita, Menton Exotic, Lion King, Sensual Touch, Jaap Groot, Marilyn, Indiana, Atlantis, Washington), before and after storage period. The samples were stored in conditions like: T: 1°C and RH: 90%, in the Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, of the USAMV Bucharest. From obtained results it was observed decreases with 10% of the mass loss between the initial and the final moment of analyses for Allegretto, Menton Exotic, Sensual Touch cultivars. For respiration rate were observed increases with 25% (for Lion King cv.) up to 6.6 times more (for Menton Exotic cv.) between the initial and final moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the results of the morphological characteristics of Hosta leaves (leaves area, the perimeter, the length of the leaves, width of leaf, the surface of the dominant colour) and physiological studies (photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration and chlorophyll) got from 'T. Rex', 'American halo', 'White feather' and 'Christmas island' varieties of Hosta cultivated in "I. Todor" Botanical Garden within the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest. The intensity assessment of the photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration was determined with the LCPro+ device, directly into the experimental field. The intensity of photosynthesis varied between 2.33 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ('American halo') and 22.08 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ('Christmas island'), intensity of transpiration 2.54 mmol H2O m-2 sec-1 ('American halo') and 6.12 mmol H2O m-2 sec-1 ('Christmas island'), intensity respiration 2.81 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ('White feather') and 6.55 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ('Christmas island'). The intensity of physiological processes varied depending on the light intensity, temperature and species. The photosynthetic pigments content was determined using 80% acetone extraction and by spectophotometry at wavelengths of 470 nm, 663 nm and 646 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to present the influences of post-harvest technologies on organic 'Tita' plums during storage period, taking in consideration the variation of quality indicators, physiological parameters, and bioactive compounds. Organic 'Tita' plums were harvested in 2019, at the end of July and stored in three different condition, i.e.: 1) normal atmosphere (NA) with 1°C and 95% relative humidity (RH), 2) controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions with 1°C, 95% RH, 3% O2 and 5% CO2, and 3) CA conditions with 1°C, 95% RH, 1.5% O&#176, and 10% CO2. Organic plum samples were evaluated at 4 moments: initially (before storage), after 3, 5, and 7 weeks of storage. Obtained results showed that total phenolic content and antioxidant activity registered the same variation trend during storage period for all samples. Differences were observed during storage period, which was shorter with 2 weeks for plums stored in NA than for those stored in both controlled conditions. Taking into consideration these results, present work suggests that plums stored in both controlled atmosphere conditions were better preserved than those stored in NA, but further trials and studies are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apples are the most consumed climacteric fruits in the cold season, due their biochemical contribution to the health of the human body. In this study, the main purpose is to compare the organoleptic attributes, provided through trained evaluators, like: exterior appearance and color, smell, taste and texture (crispness) for four apples cultivars (Topaz, Redix, Florina and Rubinola) stored for 350 days, in three different controlled atmosphere conditions with the following parameters: T: 1°C, RH: 95%, O2: 3%, CO2: 0%, 2% and 5%, in two different years. Taste is the most important sensorial indicator and is high correlated with the total soluble solids/acidity ratio of the apples. The quality indicators variations present specific behavior when apples are stored in different concentrations of carbon dioxide. Evaluators noted lower, the exterior appearance, for Topaz (in first year), Florina and Rubinola (in both years) apples stored without CO2 compared to those stored in both CO2 concentrations. Moreover, apples stored in both CO2 concentrations, shown healthier appearance, without being affected by the specific storage diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the lifecycle of plants begins with the germination phase, evaluating this process under different environmental factors may reveal some parameters with great importance for the further development of plants. Also, it can represent a base for other studies. The purpose of this paper was the evaluation of germination and seedling growth of maize under different levels of heavy metal contaminations. The following heavy metals were used as mixtures: Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Co and Zn. Five mixtures with different concentrations of Cd (3 to 20 ppm), Cu (20 to 200 ppm), Ni (25 to 200 ppm), Pb (30 to 150 ppm), Co (20 to 100 ppm) and Zn (100 to 700 ppm) were used as variants, and distilled water as control variant. Seed germination percentage was determined in accordance to ISTA (International Seed Testing Association). A series of physiological indicators associated with germination and seedling growth were calculated. The germination was observed for ten days, until no changes occurred for three consecutive days. Several effects were observed at the end of the experiment regarding the seed germination and especially to seedling development. Although there were some differences on germination between control variant and high contaminated variants, the growth of seedlings showed a high variation as the concentration of heavy metals increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment was carried out in 2019, in the cold greenhouse, covered with polycarbonate, in the early culture, in the experimental field of the Faculty of Horticulture Bucharest, and the lettuce was stored in the Postharvest Technology Laboratory at the Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest. F1 lettuce hybrids were used: Centore, Analena, Alanis, Shangore and Tizian, fertilized at planting with Best starter 200 kg/ha, K-sol 80 kg/ha, Novatec classic 300 kg/ha and Orgevit 3000 kg/ha. For storage only 2 hybrids, Tizian and Shangore, were used with 2 fertilizers, respectively, Best starter and K-sol. The storage conditions were: in the normal atmosphere at 1°C, 95% humidity and 20% oxygen and in the controlled atmosphere at 1°C, 95% humidity and 2% oxygen for 14 days. There were used 3 packaging variants: unpacked, packaged in food foil and packaged in food foil on cardboard. Plant growth and production were influenced by the fertilizer used, the best results being obtained by fertilizing with Best starter and K-sol, which is why these hybrids were chosen for storage. During the storage period it was observed that the greatest weight loss was in the unpackaged lettuce both in the normal and controlled atmosphere, regardless of the hybrid and the fertilization product used. The content in vitamin C was higher in hybrids fertilized with K-sol, but during the storage period there was a strong decrease especially for the lettuce from stored in controlled atmosphere, for all packaging variants. The acidity of the lettuce did not show major differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to harness ingredients obtained from organic farming, in order to develop a new type of biscuits. Based on the original recipe, these were obtained from seeds and hemp flour and enriched with lyophilized organic apple (pieces and powder) and lyophilized organic basil powder. The organic powders were realized in the framework of the SusOrgPlus project at the Research Centre for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, and biscuits were obtained in the Bakery Pilot Station, both of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest. The consumer acceptance testing was performed on 33 consumers and consists of the evaluation of general appearance, colour, taste, aroma, and consistency (Hedonic 5-point scale). The obtained results showed that the new biscuits enriched with lyophilized apple and basil powders were easily accepted by the consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, soil health is a key element in achieving agriculture sustainability. Worldwide organic farming is being increasingly promoted as a sustainable alternative to conventional farming because it can solve the problems associated with the usage of agrochemicals by long-term use of soil resources. Soil enzymes have been suggested as bioindicators of soil health because they are a measure of soil microbial activity, strictly related to organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycles and easy to measure. The purpose of this study was to measure the enzymatic activity (alkaline and acid phosphatase, amylase, cellulase and catalase) from the rhizosphere of organic and conventional soils. These biological indicators were correlated with some physio-chemical parameters such as humidity, pH, total nitrogen and organic carbon. The results showed a significant difference between the two soils with different management systems regarding the enzymatic activity, long-termed pesticide application having a negative effect on the soil enzymes. The results were strongly correlated with pH, total nitrogen and organic carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is part of a comprehensive study dedicated to the cultivation of halophytes species on salt affected soils, aiming on new value chains development from obtained biomass. The work is conducted on the monitoring the degree of soil purification, the biomass production and seeds yield, and their chemical composition. In this context, the paper contains information related to the oil content of Portulaca sativa sp. seeds, in order to produce 2nd generation biofuels. Extraction of oil from seeds via traditional method (Soxhlet method) and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) were carried out. ASE method was applied because requires small quantities of solvent, sample and operating time. ASE appear to be the most suitable method and the optimal conditions were: pressure - 10.34 MPa, temperature - 105ºC, residence time - 10 min, solvent - petroleum ether, extraction ratio of 1:40, dynamic extraction time - 30 min, and 0.3 g diatomaceous earth. The highest oil recovery achieved was 33.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artemisia genus strong and aromatic smell is due mainly to high concentrations of volatile terpenes, constituents of their essential oils and extensive studies have been done on this issue. In this research, the analysis of the essential oil from the quantitative and qualitative point of view has been carried out for leaves, stems and flowers of Artemisia vulgaris L. species in Romania. The oil has been extracted during the flowering period, by hydro distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The obtained results emphasized the presence of some major chemical compounds in leaves, such as eucalyptol, germacrene D and β-pinene. Flowers contained higher amounts of eucalyptol and borneol, while in stems, especially beta-pinene and eucalyptol have been determined. The common chemical compounds in the three vegetative organs, were β-pinene and eucalyptol, for which different values have been recorded. The highest amount of β-pinene has been recorded in the volatile oil extracted from stems (11.9%), followed by leaves (4.49%) and flowers (3.02%), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solanaceae family comprises tens of genera and thousands of species, including numerous cultivated plants such as tomato, potato, eggplant, tobacco, deadly nightshade and petunia, used for human diet, ornamental and pharmaceutical purpose as well as biological model systems. Plants must continuously defend against attacks from pest, viruses, bacteria and fungi for improving biotic stress tolerance. Molecular markers linked to specific genes responsible for resistance / tolerance to pathogens or pests can be used to accelerate the breeding process in order to create new varieties that are not only desirable for the quality of the end product but are also resistant to biotic stress. This review brings together data referring to molecular markers linked to various phenotypic traits related to plant biotic stress resistance and the benefits of resistance versus chemical protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), one of the most important aromatic perennial herbs due to its essential oil composition, belongs to Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family. Basil is an economically important herb and it is considered one of the finest aromatic herbs, being widely used as flavor in food industry. Basil samples were characterized in terms of chlorophyll content, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and volatile oil content. The fresh harvested leaves and the processed powder from leaves were hydro-distilled for 3 h in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The volatile oil was measured and collected for further GC-MS analysis. As drying technology, freeze-drying was used until the samples reached a loss of 85% from the fresh weigh, with the final dry matter content of 95.86%. Variations for the main constituents of volatile oil: 1,8-cineole, linalool, methyl chavicol, eugenol, α-bergamotene, and α-epi-cadinol were observed after processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out in the period 2016-2018, in an experimental plantation established in 2015, with the Pinova variety in several graft combinations, directly on the B9, M9, MM 106 and Pi 80 rootstocks, and with B9 as intermediary on the A2 and MM106 rootstocks. The soil was maintained worked along the row for most variants, for 2 variants with grafting intermediary the soil was kept grassed, and for other 2 variants the intermediary was buried at planting. The rootstock influenced fruit production and fruit quality differently. The highest average production in the first years of fructification, of over 26 t/ha, were obtained for the rootstocks B9, M9 and combinations with intermediary of B9/MM106. The largest fruit were obtained from trees grafted with intermediary on A2 and worked soil, over 169 g and about 78 mm in diameter. A higher amount of soluble dry matter was recorded for the fruit obtained from grafted trees from variants V2, V5 and V8, while higher carbohydrate content was recorded for the variants V2, V8 and V1. The best firmness had the fruit of the V8 variant, while higher content in anthocyanins had the fruit of the V8 and V7 variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecological agriculture is nowadays considered a potential solution to obtain healthier and nutritious food products but also to minimize the environmental impact by using as inputs, natural resources without resorting synthetic chemicals. The inputs (organic and mineral fertilizers, soil amendments, plants protection products, etc.) accepted for ecological agriculture are regulated by Commission Regulation (EC) No 889/2008 and by Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The quality of inputs is very important and therefore it is mandatory to subject them to chemical analysis, from two perspectives: to characterize their nutritional value for crops and also to evaluate the level of contaminants. Having in view the above mentioned aspects, this paper presents a systematic review of the methods used for nutrient (macro-, oligo-/microelements) and contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides) quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Festuca arundinacea Schreb. is an important cool-season perennial grass, used in parks, home lawns, athletic fields, golf courses and soil conservation sites. Recent researches are directed towards a deeper understanding of its behaviour under different stress conditions and increasing the ability to counteract the effects of global climate change. This study was carried out with a view to evaluate the effects of saline and drought on some standard germination and early seedlings growth indicators, in laboratory conditions. Both types of stress had significant negative effects on physiological indicators, but the influence of saline stress have proven to be more prominent, especially as regard as mean germination time. The effect of seeds priming was also evaluated. Priming with ASFAC-BCO-4 (a Romanian agricultural biostimulator) stimulated the germination process, i.e. it hastened it, compared with the untreated control, and the effects were more noticeable at the beginning of germination. Also, it positively affected early seedling growth, as well as chlorophyll synthesis, even if the saline stress was present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of molecular markers, that allow to know the set of genes associated with a particular quantitative trait or QTL is widely extended, including: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), microsatellites, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In addition to classical methodology, new approaches based on the next generation sequencing (NGS) methodology that enables rapid sequencing of the base pairs in DNA or RNA samples, are proving to be fundamental. SNPs have become the focus of a large number of studies designed to identify critical differences in DNA sequence that contribute to phenotypic variation for specific traits. Methods for the analysis of SNPs comprise two distinct steps, one for allele discrimination and one for allele detection. This review article describes the methods available for allele discrimination based on hybridization, primer extension, ligation and enzymatic cleavage, as well as, RAPD and CAPS molecular markers analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastics are now found in all-natural environments, including soil, in a wide variety of sizes and shapes. Plastic products have brought benefits to society in terms of economic activity and quality of life. Unfortunately, it has also become one of the major toxic pollutants of present time. Being composed of toxic chemicals and most importantly nonbiodegradable substances, plastic pollutes soil, water and air. Due to various degradation processes plastic is broken down to particles smaller than 5 mm, also known as microplastics. Microplastics are emerging contaminants, composed of different type of plastic (polyethylene - PE, polypropylene - PP, polyethylene terephthalate - PET, polystyrene - PS, polyvinyl chloride - PVC, polyurethane - PE etc.) that enter in natural ecosystems from a variety of sources, including, but not limited to cosmetics, clothing, and industrial processes. The effects of microplastics in terrestrial systems remain largely unexplored. This paper aims to review the occurrence and characteristics of microplastic pollution in soil and especially agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production of tomatoes in the organic system is very important because these are not only the most vegetables widely consume (the second after potato) but also are classified as a functional food. Due to the high content in bioactive compounds, especially lycopene, tomatoes provide nutritional properties and also contribute to maintaining health. In this context, the aim of this study is to compare the nutritional quality parameters of two organic red tomato varieties, 'Coeur de Boeuf' and 'Cher Ami' grew under controlled conditions in a hi-tech glass greenhouse. The quality parameters analyzed were the titratable acidity, total soluble solids, dry matter, carotenoid and lycopene content. The highest total soluble solid content, lycopene and carotenoid content were obtained from 'Cher Ami' variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solanum melongena L. is a species originating in Southeast Asia which is cultivated in many regions of the globe. In recent years, for the areas cultivated with this species, an upward trend has also been observed in our country. This growing trend of cultivated areas requires a deepening of research into the use of higher quality fruit cultivars and the improvement of cultivation technologies for this species. The paper shows the behavior of four eggpant varieties MirvalF1, Bibo F1, Black Pearl F1, Rania F1 on new cultivation technologies applied in solar. The novelty in the cultivation technology is the use of the "Leguma" (Viano) fertilizer applied at a dose of 150 g/m² during planting and twice during vegetation in fertilized variants and the use of natural predators (Spidex and Swirskii mite) to limit the pests'. The first harvest determinations show clearly the efficacy of using fertilizer at planting. The best results in average fruit weight are recorded in the Bibo F1 hybrid (507.8 g/fruit). The biochemical analyzes reveal the qualities of this hybrid, the firmness of the fruits being 8.077 kg/cm2, the soluble dry substance the (total soluble solids) 4.16% and the titratable acidity of 0.226%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil is a major source of both macronutrients and micronutrients which are needed for plants to grow. The macronutrients are required in large quantities due to their importance in cellular components like proteins and nucleic acids. The micronutrients have essential and specific roles in molecules involved with energy transfer process and enzymes. On the other hand, in soils can be found toxic elements as well which have been added to soils due to the usage of fertilizers, pesticides and from atmospheric deposition. The purpose of the present paper is to determine the content of macronutrients (C, N, K, Mg, Ca), micronutrients (Fe, Na, Mn, Co, Mo, Zn, Cu and Ti) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, As) from soil samples using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma- mass spectrometry) technique. In this study where used three types of soil: conventional soil, ecological soil and soil in the second year of conversion. Different quantities of nutrients were observed between the three soil samples during the conversion from conventional to ecological. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to evaluate the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in the skin of three varieties of eggplant (''Mirval'' - dark purple, 'Bibo' F1 - white and ''Black Pearl'' - dark purple) grown under organic conditions. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the total anthocyanin content was performed by a spectrophotometric method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging test. The total phenolic content, as well as total anthocyanin content in ''Mirval'' and ''Black Pearl'' varieties, was higher than in 'Bibo' F1. The lower total anthocyanins in 'Bibo' F1 could result from their white color. Similar to TPC, among the three varieties, ''Mirval'' variety showed the highest antioxidant activity, followed by ''Black Pearl'' variety and 'Bibo' F1 variety. Results from this study indicated that skins of the organic eggplants are suitable for valorization as sources of natural phenolic compounds with significant quality attributes and antioxidant activity. It has been shown that these parameters are generally influenced by the eggplant variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to determine the quality indicators variation of three organic apple varieties during one year postharvest storage under controlled atmosphere conditions as following: O2 - 3%, CO2 - 5%, relative humidity (RH) (%) - 95%, temperature (T) (˚C) - 1˚C. Apple varieties like 'Golden Delicious', 'Red Prince' and 'Gala' were harvested from an organic orchard in Arad County, Romania. The quality indicators analyses were conducted in triplicates for each apple variety and consisted in determination of dry matter content, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and total anthocyanin content. The obtained results indicated that ascorbic acid and total anthocyanin content values decreased during one year postharvest storage for all three apple varieties. Indicators like dry matter content and total titratable acidity registered decreases between 19% and 52%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study the levels of peroxidase and catalase activity in ecological soil treated with two insecticides and two fungicides over a 28 days period were evaluated. Peroxidases are extracellular enzymes with an important role in the oxidation of lignin and the removal of toxic substances from the environment. Catalase activity can be related to the metabolic activity of aerobic organisms and gives information about the soil fertility. The soil samples were analysed once every 7 days after the pesticides application in soil. Soil enzymes activities were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Overall, peroxidase and catalase activity was affected, positively or negatively, depending on the number of treatments applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]