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This paper reports the successful application of ink-jet printing to the deposition of both continuous coatings and multi-filamentary structures of YBCO. Stable inks have been prepared using both the established TFA-MOD route and novel fluorine-free precursors with appropriate rheological properties for ink-jet printing. Continuous and well textured coatings with lengths exceeding 100 m and a thickness of 0.5 ͛m have been deposited by electromagnetic ink-jet printing from TFA precursors on LZO-buffered Ni-W substrates and samples have achieved a Jc around 1.5 MA cm-2 (self-field, 77 K). On single crystal substrates, continuous coatings and multi-filamentary structures have been deposited using piezoelectric ink-jet printing both from TFA- and water-based precursors, achieving Jc values up to 3 MA cm-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acupuncture is the most popular component of traditional Chinese medicine in Western countries. However, the mechanisms of its effects remain unclear. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture appears when a sensation of DeQi is achieved. We previously reported that repeated, but not single acupuncture treatment affected leukocyte circulation and blood pressure in healthy young humans. The objective of this study was to quantify DeQi sensation by using visual analog scales (VASs) and, to test whether DeQi induction is an important factor for the therapeutic effects of acupuncture in the same cohort. After either acupuncture or sham-acupuncture (placebo) treatment, a questionnaire containing five individual VASs was given to subjects to evaluate their DeQi sensation, including numbness, pressure, heaviness, warmth, and radiating paraesthesia, respectively. A separate VAS to measure their levels of anxiety during the treatment was also included. Our results showed that acupuncture significantly induced higher VAS values for numbness, pressure, warmth, and radiating paraesthesia, but not for heaviness than the placebo across three treatment sessions. Additionally, acupuncture did not induce higher anxiety levels than the placebo. These data confirm that VAS is an objective and reliable way to quantify DeQi sensation and, indicate that DeQi is unique to verum acupuncture treatment. Furthermore, either acupuncture-induced therapeutic effects or DeQi sensation should not be attributed to the stress-mediated effects. In summary, the induction of DeQi in each treatment session is an important factor for the physiological outcomes of repeated acupuncture treatment, and VASs offer objective, an easy and reliable way to assess it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to prove the possibility to produce single side buffered substrates for coated conductors. We report for the first time the production of highly textured NiW/La2Zr2O7/CeO2 system by all-chemical solution deposition means using an in-house built drop-on-demand ink-jet printer. Lanthanum zirconate precursor ink was produced using lanthanum acetate and zirconium n-propoxide modified with propionic and acetic acid, respectively, and diluted with methanol. Cerium oxide precursor ink was prepared using cerium acetylacetonate dissolved in acetylacetone and diluted in methanol. Optimized ink jet control parameters (inter-droplet distance, nozzle opening time and pressure in the chamber) allowed the deposition of homogeneous highly textured films with a thickness of approximately 150–200 nm at speeds as high as 27 cm/min. La2Zr2O7 film showed in plane and out of plane misalignment of 6.6° and 7.4°, respectively, whereas values obtained for CeO2 were 7.8° and 8.1°, respectively. This study represents a step forward in the production of reel-to-reel coated conductors in an efficient and economic way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to implement fasting therapy in an inpatient integrative medicine ward and to evaluate safety, acceptance, and effects on health-related outcomes and lifestyle adherence. Design: This was a prospective observational study with consecutive inpatients over 13 years. Inclusion and exclusion criteria for fasting therapy were checked by treating physicians and recommendations given. After receiving full information patients decided whether they would participate in fasting. Outcomes were assessed on admission, at discharge, and 3 and 6 months after discharge. Setting: The study took place in an integrative medicine department of an academic teaching hospital. Subjects: Subjects were newly admitted inpatients with chronic internal diseases and chronic pain syndromes, with lengths of hospital stay of >3 days. Interventions: All patients received intensive integrative treatments including Mind/Body Medicine, acupuncture, nutritional/lifestyle education, and hydrotherapy. Fasting patients participated in a 7-day juice fast (intake <350 kcal/day) with accompanying bowel cleansing, 2 prefasting relief days, and 3 days with stepwise reintroduction of food. Outcome measures: Outcomes were assessed based on rate of participation in fasting, severity of main complaint, quality of life (QOL, MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey), safety, lifestyle adherence to recommendations given (relaxation, diet, exercise). Results: Of 2121 patients with complete discharge questionnaires, 952 patients participated in fasting, 873 had a normocaloric vegetarian diet, and 296 patients had other diets and were excluded. Response rates were 71% and 56% at 3- and 6-month follow-up. The main disease-related complaint at discharge was significantly greater improved in fasters versus nonfasters (p < 0.01). Patient QOL increased significantly and comparably from baseline to discharge in both groups. Fasting was well tolerated and no serious fasting-related adverse effects were reported. In all, 743 (78%) of fasting patients reported improvement of their health through fasting. Descriptors of lifestyle adherence showed higher levels of related activities in the 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Fasting can safely and successfully be implemented in an inpatient integrative medicine concept and is perceived as a health-promoting method by the majority of patients. Potential effects on disease-related complaints and lifestyle adherence should be further evaluated in randomized trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over a decade high temperature superconducting (HTS) wires have seen a continuous performance increase and have arrived at the level of technical maturity. Among the manufacturers of such wires, Trithor is the only European company that specializes exclusively in HTS wires. To meet the increasing demand for HTS wires, Trithor completed a full-sized manufacturing plant with a design capacity of 2,500 km per year. This paper reports on the plant design. Performance, reliability, quality and cost are of equal importance to the wire user. This paper addresses these areas and presents wire data. Added value in form of high performance insulation, efficient current leads, and coil winding has become available. Performance attributes will be reported in this paper. HTS wire has industrial application throughout the power infrastructure. This paper also provides information on the various prototype applications of Trithor wire. Whereas BSCCO-2223 class multifilamentary composite wire is commercially available now, the YBCO coated conductor wire to be developed by a consortium led by Trithor enables similar or improved performance at further reduced cost. 2G wire will contribute to a widespread use of HTS from 2010 onwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives.—To evaluate the effect of repetitive somatosensory stimulation (acupuncture) on cerebrovascular response in migraineurs by functional transcranial Doppler. Methods.—Changes of cerebral blood flow velocity in the right posterior and left middle cerebral arteries were measured by functional transcranial Doppler during visual stimulation (flickering light over 57 seconds) in 10 migraineurs before and after 10 acupuncture sessions. The same stimulation paradigm was performed in 10 control subjects. Cerebral blood flow velocity data were analyzed with a previously validated technique based on automated stimulus-related averaging. To evaluate the clinical effect of the treatment, a headache diary monitored the frequency and intensity of the migraine attacks. A positive treatment effect was defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the attack frequency or the mean headache intensity (or both). Results.—Before treatment, migraineurs showed overshooting cerebral blood flow velocity changes at the beginning and at the end of the stimulation and a delayed decline to baseline compared with control subjects. After treatment, this response pattern was significantly diminished ( P≤ .05) in those who benefited from treatment (n = 6). Those who did not benefit from treatment (n = 4) showed a significantly ( P≤ .05) more marked alteration of the cerebral blood flow velocity pattern. Conclusions.—Data indicate that repetitive somatosensory stimulation (acupuncture) might positively influence the abnormal cerebrovascular response in migraineurs. In a subgroup of migraineurs, however, the dysfunction of the cerebrovascular system might deteriorate under the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Although the three vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) that have received emergency use authorization in the United States are highly effective, breakthrough infections are occurring. Data are needed on the serial use of homologous boosters (same as the primary vaccine) and heterologous boosters (different from the primary vaccine) in fully vaccinated recipients. METHODS In this phase 1-2, open-label clinical trial conducted at 10 sites in the United States, adults who had completed a Covid-19 vaccine regimen at least 12 weeks earlier and had no reported history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection received a booster injection with one of three vaccines: mRNA-1273 (Moderna) at a dose of 100 µg, Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson-Janssen) at a dose of 5x1010 virus particles, or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) at a dose of 30 µg. The primary end points were safety, reactogenicity, and humoral immunogenicity on trial days 15 and 29. RESULTS Of the 458 participants who were enrolled in the trial, 154 received mRNA-1273, 150 received Ad26.COV2.S, and 153 received BNT162b2 as booster vaccines; 1 participant did not receive the assigned vaccine. Reactogenicity was similar to that reported for the primary series. More than half the recipients reported having injection-site pain, malaise, headache, or myalgia. For all combinations, antibody neutralizing titers against a SARS-CoV-2 D614G pseudovirus increased by a factor of 4 to 73, and binding titers increased by a factor of 5 to 55. Homologous boosters increased neutralizing antibody titers by a factor of 4 to 20, whereas heterologous boosters increased titers by a factor of 6 to 73. Spike-specific T-cell responses increased in all but the homologous Ad26.COV2.S-boosted subgroup. CD8+ T-cell levels were more durable in the Ad26.COVZ.S-primed recipients, and heterologous boosting with the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine substantially increased spike-specific CD8+ T cells in the mRNA vaccine recipients. CONCLUSIONS Homologous and heterologous booster vaccines had an acceptable safety profile and were immunogenic in adults who had completed a primary Covid-19 vaccine regimen at least 12 weeks earlier. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; DMID 21-0012 ClinicaITrials.gov number, NCT04889209.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A capacitive field-effect EDIS (electrolyte–diamond–insulator–semiconductor) sensor with improved pH and penicillin sensitivity has been realised using a nanocrystalline-diamond (NCD) film as sensitive gate material. The NCD growth process on SiO2 as well as an additional surface treatment in oxidising medium have been optimised to provide high pH-sensitive, non-porous O-terminated films without damage of the underlying SiO2 layer. The surface morphology of O-terminated NCD thin films and the layer structure of EDIS sensors have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. To establish the relative coverage of the surface functional groups generated by the oxidation of NCD surfaces, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was carried out. The hydrophilicity of NCD thin films has been studied by water contact-angle measurements. A nearly Nernstian pH sensitivity of 54–57mV/pH has been observed for O-terminated NCD films treated in an oxidising boiling mixture for 80min and in oxygen plasma. The high pH-sensitive properties of O-terminated NCD have been used to develop an EDIS-based penicillin biosensor. A freshly prepared penicillin biosensor possesses a high sensitivity of 85mV/decade in the concentration range of 0.1–2.5mM penicillin G. The lower detection limit is 5μM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

For COVAIL recipients of a COVID-19 Sanofi booster vaccine, neutralizing antibody titers were assessed as a correlate of risk (CoR) of COVID-19. Peak and exposure-proximal titers were inverse CoRs with covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) 0.30 (0.11, 0.78) and 0.25 (0.07, 0.85) per 10-fold increase in weighted average titer., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

We compared the serologic responses of 1 dose versus 2 doses of a variant vaccine (Moderna mRNA-1273 Beta/Omicron BA.1 bivalent vaccine) in adults. A 2-dose boosting regimen with a variant vaccine did not increase the magnitude or the durability of the serological responses compared to a single variant vaccine boost., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. A. R. B. has received research support from NIH-NIAID, grants from Pfizer, Cyanvac, Moderna, Vaccine.co and Merck as well as consulting fees from Janssen and GSK. She serves as DSMB member for NIH, IDSA Public Health Committee. Honoraria as a speaker from Virology Education. L. R. B. has received grants from Wellcome Trust, Gates Foundation, NIH/Harvard Medical School through institution. Serves as member of DSMB for NIH and AMDAC for FDA. Dr Baden is involved in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials conducted in collaboration with the NIH, HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), Covid Vaccine Prevention Network (CoVPN), International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Crucell/Janssen, Moderna, Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), the Gates Foundation, and Harvard Medical School. D. J. D. has received a contract from Leidos Biomedical/NIH research to conduct the clinical trial through institution. A. R. F. has received grants from Janssen, Pfizer, Merck, BioFire Diagnostics, Moderna, Vaccine company and CyanVac through institution. Consultant fees from Arrow Pharmaceutical, ADMA biologics, GSK, and honoraria as a speaker from Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline. Serves as DSMB advisory boards for Novavax and received travel/meeting support from GlaxoSmithKline. S. E. F. has received funding from Leidos to Saint Louis University to conduct Protocol DMID 22-0004. Funding was also received to conduct the Moderna and Janssen trials phase 3 SARS-CoV-2 trials. Serves as DSMB for HVTN Safety Monitoring Board. D. N. F. has as a contract from CDC and is the site PI for DN Fusco study of COVID in Special Populations. D. N. F. served on an HBV Advisory board for Gilead related to hepatitis C & B viruses and Axcella related to Long COVID. P. A. G. has received funding from NIH. PAG has a patent for COVID-19 monoclonal not developed clinically and received consulting fees from International AIDS Society as speaker. L. C. I. has received support from NIH, Moderna, Pfizer, and Sanofi. L. C. I. has also received grants from GSK, Merck, Sharpe & Dohme Corp, CDC, Novavax, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Associates, and NIH/NLM/National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities as well as consulting fees from Moderna. L. C. I. has received honoraria as a speaker from American Academy of Pediatrics, Rockefeller University, Moderna, CDC and American Academy of Pediatrics- Georgia Chapter. L. C. I. Serves on Data Safety Monitoring for NIH-Phase 2 Vaccine Trial for Monkeypox, Moderna Scientific Advisory Board- North America, and CoVID-19 Task Force, Georgia. L. C. I. has a leadership role Break the Cycle of Health Disparities Inc, the Center for Spatial Analytics of the Georgia Institute of Technology, and the American Academy of Pediatrics (Executive Board for Section on Infectious Diseases). L. C. I. has received travel/meeting support from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Moderna. L. A. J. has received funding from NIH for support for this study, funding from Pfizer to support a clinical trial and contract funding for research support from the CDC and the NIH, all through institution. L. A. J. also reports unpaid participation on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for NIH funded clinical trials. S. K. has received research grants from NIH, Pfizer, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Meisa, Emergent BioSolutions. S. K. also received support from American Academy of Pediatrics as speaker. A. C. K. has received research support from COVID-19 Adaptive Variance Immunologic Landscape Trial # 28C15000NYUPG266894. S. J. L. has received NIH grants through institution. Consulting fees from Hookipa Pharma. A. F. L. has received grants from Merck, Gilead and, GSK through institution as well as consulting fees from Vir Biotechnology. A. F. L. has also received travel support from Merck to attend a required investigator meeting, testing kits and supplies to support research study from Hologic, Cepheid and medication donated by Mayne Pharma to support research study. M. M. has received funding from Emmes through NIH contract # HHSN272201500002C. L. J. M. has received funding from Emmes through NIH contract # HHSN272201500002C. D. C. M. has received funding from NIH/75N93019C00050-21A: CIVICS A- Option 21A-DMID Trials of COVID-19 Vaccines. J. M. has received funding from Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, contract # 75N93021C00012. A. N. has received support from NIH-NIAID, CEIRR (Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response) and Gates Cambridge Trust as well as grants from NIH-NIAID R01. R. M. N. has received grants from NIAID-DMID and travel/meeting support from Moderna. C. M. P. has received funding from NIAID UM1AI148684. R. M. P. has received funding from NIH DMID COVAIL as well as grants from Janssen, Moderna and NIH through institution. N. G. R. has received research grants from NIH, Pfizer, Merck, Sanofi, Quidel, Immorna, Vaccine Company and Lilly through her institution, consulting fees from Krog, honoraria as speaker for Virology education, and travel support from Sanofi and Moderna. N. G. R. serves as DSMB on safety committees for ICON, Micron and EMMES and is a member of the Moderna, Sanofi, Seqirus and Pfizer selected Advisory boards. Plays leadership advisory role for ARLG, TMRC, CDC-Pertussis challenge, Clinical Infectious Diseases. Equipment supports from Georgia Research Alliance. D. J. S. has received support from NIH-NIAID CEIRR, grants from NIH-NIAID R01, and travel support from NIH-NIAID CEIRR for NIH-related meetings. K. T. has received funding from Emmes through NIH contract # HHSN272201500002C. E. B. W. has received funding from Leidos Biomedical Research AGREEMENT NO. 22CTA-DM0009 as well as grants from Pfizer, Moderna, Sequiris, Clinetic, and Najit Technologies, with payments made to institution. E. B. W. has also received honoraria as a speaker from College of Diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry, consulting fees from Iliad Biotechnologies, and travel/meeting support from the American Academy of Pediatrics. E. B. W. serves as member of Vaxcyte Scientific Advisory board. P. L. W. has received subcontract funding from NIH for this study as well as NIH grant funding and contract funding from Pfizer through University of Iowa. P. L. W. has also received consulting fees from Pfizer and serves on DSMB advisory board for Emmes Corporation, Blue Lake. M. B. has received research grants from Leidos Biomedical Research and Pfizer through institution. J. A. W. has received funding from NIH-DMID 75N91019D00024. R. L. A., T. M. B., S. M. M., M. K. M., J. H. B., S. C., C. L., P. C. R., R. R. authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Vaccine protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection wanes over time, requiring updated boosters. In a phase 2, open-label, randomized clinical trial with sequentially enrolled stages at 22 US sites, we assessed safety and immunogenicity of a second boost with monovalent or bivalent variant vaccines from mRNA and protein-based platforms targeting wild-type, Beta, Delta and Omicron BA.1 spike antigens. The primary outcome was pseudovirus neutralization titers at 50% inhibitory dilution (ID 50 titers) with 95% confidence intervals against different SARS-CoV-2 strains. The secondary outcome assessed safety by solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs), unsolicited AEs, serious AEs and AEs of special interest. Boosting with prototype/wild-type vaccines produced numerically lower ID 50 titers than any variant-containing vaccine against all variants. Conversely, boosting with a variant vaccine excluding prototype was not associated with decreased neutralization against D614G. Omicron BA.1 or Beta monovalent vaccines were nearly equivalent to Omicron BA.1 + prototype or Beta + prototype bivalent vaccines for neutralization of Beta, Omicron BA.1 and Omicron BA.4/5, although they were lower for contemporaneous Omicron subvariants. Safety was similar across arms and stages and comparable to previous reports. Our study shows that updated vaccines targeting Beta or Omicron BA.1 provide broadly crossprotective neutralizing antibody responses against diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants without sacrificing immunity to the ancestral strain. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05289037 ., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

In a randomized clinical trial, we compare early neutralizing antibody responses after boosting with bivalent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines based on either BA.1 or BA.4/BA.5 Omicron spike protein combined with wild-type spike. Responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants exhibited the greatest reduction in titers against currently circulating Omicron subvariants for both bivalent vaccines., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. E. J. A. has received grants from Pfizer, Moderna, Janssen, GSK, Sanofi, Micron, and Regeneron through institution as well as consulting fees from Pfizer, Janssen, Moderna, and Sanofi. E. J. A. serves on safety/advisory boards for Sanofi, ACI Clinical/WCG and Kentucky Bioscience, Inc. A. R. B. has received research support from NIH-NIAID, grants from Pfizer, Cyanvac, and Merck as well as consulting fees from Janssen and GSK. L. R. B. has received grants from Wellcome Trust, Gates Foundation, NIH/Harvard Medical School through institution. Serves as member of DSMB for NIH and AMDAC for Food and Drug Administration (FDA). L. R. B. is involved in HIV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials conducted in collaboration with the NIH, HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN), COVID Vaccine Prevention Network (CoVPN), International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI), Crucell/Janssen, Moderna, Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), the Gates Foundation, and Harvard Medical School. D. J. D. has received a contract from Leidos Biomedical research to conduct the clinical trial through institution. A. R. F. has received grants from Janssen, Pfizer, Merck, BioFire Diagnostics, and CyanVac through institution, consultant fees from Arrowhead and Icosavax, and honoraria as a speaker from Moderna and GlaxoSmithKline. A. R. F. also serves on safety/advisory boards for Novavax and received travel/meeting support from GlaxoSmithKline. S. E. F. has received funding from Leidos to Saint Louis University to conduct Protocol DMID22-0004. D. N. F. has as a contract from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and is the site principal investigator (PI) for clinical trials from Gilead, Regeneron, and MetroBiotech, LLC. She is the PI on 1 investigator-initiated award from Gilead and the co-PI on another investigator-initiated award from Gilead. D. N. F. served on an HBV Advisory board for Gilead in 2021 and received payment for expert testimony not related to COVID in 2022. P. A. G. has received funding for COVAIL clinical trial. P. A. G. has also received consulting fees from Janssen Vaccines. L. C. I. has received support for the present manuscript from NIH-NIAID/DMID, Moderna, Pfizer, and Sanofi. L. C. I. has also received grants from GSK, Merck, Sharpe & Dohme Corp, CDC, Novavax, AHRQ, and NIH/NLM/NIMHD as well as consulting fees from Moderna, CDC, and Pediatric Emergency Medicine Associates, LLC. L. C. I. has received honoraria as a speaker from American Academy of Pediatrics, Rockefeller University, and American Academy of Pediatrics- Georgia Chapter. L. C. I. serves on Data Safety Monitoring for NIH-Phase 2 Vaccine Trial for Monkeypox, Moderna Scientific Advisory Board- North America, and COVID-19 Task Force, Georgia. L. C. I. has a leadership role in the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society, serves as board member on the Emory University- Pediatric and Reproductive Environmental Health Scholars-Southeastern, the Center for Spatial Analytics of the Georgia Institute of Technology, and the American Academy of Pediatrics (Executive Board for Section on Infectious Diseases). L. C. I. has received travel/meeting support from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Moderna. L. A. J. has received funding from NIH for support for this study, funding from Pfizer to support a clinical trial and contract funding for research support from the CDC and the NIH, all through institution. L. A. J. also reports unpaid participation on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for NIH funded clinical trials. S. J. L. has received NIH grants through institution. A. F. L. has received grants from Merck, Gilead, and ViiV through institution as well as consulting fees from Vir Biotechnology. A. F. L. has also received travel support from Merck to attend a required investigator meeting, testing kits and supplies to support research study from Hologic, and medication donated by Mayne Pharma to support research study. M. M. has received funding from Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases for contract number 75N93021C00012. D. C. M. has received funding from NIH/75N93019C00050-21A: CIVICS A- Option 21A-DMID Trials of COVID-19 Vaccines. J. M. has received funding from Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, contract number 75N93021C00012. A. N. has received support from NIH-NIAID, CEIRR (Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response) and Gates Cambridge Trust as well as grants from NIH-NIAID R01. R. M. N. has received grants from Moderna and Janssen and travel/meeting support from Moderna. C. M. P. has received funding from NIAID UM1AI148684. R. M. P. has received funding from NIH DMID COVAIL as well as grants from Janssen, Moderna, and NIH through institution. N. G. R. has received research grants from Pfizer, Merck, Sanofi, Quidel, and Lilly through institution, consulting fees from Krog, honoraria as speaker for Virology education, and travel support from Sanofi. N. G. R. serves on safety committees for ICON and EMMES and is a member of the Moderna Advisory board. D. J. S. has received support from NIH-NIAID CEIRR, grants from NIH-NIAID R01, and travel support from NIH-NIAID CEIRR for NIH-related meetings. K. T. has received funding from Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases contract number 75N93021C00012. E. B. W. has received funding from Leidos Biomedical Research agreement number. 22CTA-DM0009 as well as grants from Pfizer, Moderna, Sequiris, Clinetic, and Najit Technologies, with payments made to institution. E. B. W. has also received honoraria as a speaker from College of Diplomates of the American Board of Pediatric Dentistry, consulting fees from Iliad Biotechnologies, and travel/meeting support from the American Academy of Pediatrics. E. B. W. serves as member of Vaxcyte Scientific Advisory board. P. L. W. has received subcontract funding from NIH for this study as well as NIH grant funding and contract funding from Pfizer through University of Iowa. P. L. W. has also received consulting fees from Pfizer and serves on safety/advisory board for Emmes Corporation. All other authors report no potential conflicts. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. Conflicts that the editors consider relevant to the content of the manuscript have been disclosed., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

As part of a multicenter study evaluating homologous and heterologous COVID-19 booster vaccines, we assessed the magnitude, breadth, and short-term durability of binding and pseudovirus-neutralizing antibody (PsVNA) responses following a single booster dose of NVX-CoV2373 in adults primed with either Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2 vaccines. NVX-CoV2373 as a heterologous booster was immunogenic and associated with no safety concerns through Day 91. Fold-rises in PsVNA titers from baseline (Day 1) to Day 29 were highest for prototypic D614G variant and lowest for more recent Omicron sub-lineages BQ.1.1 and XBB.1. Peak humoral responses against all SARS-CoV-2 variants were lower in those primed with Ad26.COV2.S than with mRNA vaccines. Prior SARS CoV-2 infection was associated with substantially higher baseline PsVNA titers, which remained elevated relative to previously uninfected participants through Day 91. These data support the use of heterologous protein-based booster vaccines as an acceptable alternative to mRNA or adenoviral-based COVID-19 booster vaccines. This trial was conducted under ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04889209., (© 2023. The Author(s).)