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Laser is the most efficient and popular method in hair removal. The most common side effects of laser assisted hair removal are pain, erythema, edema, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, blistering, crusting, erosions, purpura, folliculitis, and scar formation ( 1 ). Herein, for the first time we describe a case of lichen sclerosus (LS) following hair removal with long pulsed 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser therapy.

In August 2016, an 11-year-old boy presented to the authors’ institution with a right orbital tumor that was located superotemporally (superolaterally) and adherent to the sclera. The patient’s past medical history revealed that he had undergone 2 previous craniotomies elsewhere in June 2008 and July 2010 for a superomedially located orbital lesion that had been histopathologically diagnosed as a neurothekeoma. After the second craniotomy, the patient underwent adjuvant intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) to the right medial orbit. At the authors’ institution, total excision of the orbital tumor was performed via an anterior conjunctival orbitotomy. Histopathological examination revealed a rhabdoid meningioma. Review of the histopathology obtained at the time of previous tumor excisions showed that the lesion was misdiagnosed as neurothekeoma and instead represented a meningioma from the beginning. The patient was started on a regimen of oral sunitinib and remained free of recurrence at 1.5 years of follow-up. Ectopic meningioma of the orbit is a rare entity. Rhabdoid meningioma is a rarely seen subtype of meningioma, accounting for 1%–3% of all intracranial meningiomas. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of an ectopic orbital rhabdoid meningioma reported in the literature. They suspect that tumor seeding during the previous surgeries might have played a role in the occurrence of the tumor in an orbital location not targeted by IMRT.

Malignant blue nevi (MBN) are extremely rare dermal melanocytic tumors that arise in association with atypical cellular blue nevi (ACBN), cellular blue nevi (CBN), common blue nevi (BN), or de novo. The frequency of BRAF, NRAS, and KIT mutations in malignant melanoma varies according to histological subtype and localization. These mutations are rarely observed in blue nevi, which have recently been shown to carry activating mutations in GNAQ/GNA11 genes. Only few small molecular studies of MBN have been published. The aim of the present study was to analyze in MBN and related blue lesions such as ACBN, CBN, and BN the prevalence of BRAF, NRAS, KIT, GNAQ, and GNA11 gene mutations and their association with clinicopathological features. We included in our study 12 MBN, 6 ACBN, 29 CBN, and 35 common BN diagnosed between 1996 and 2014. Sanger sequencing method was used for mutation analysis. Overall, GNAQ exon 5 mutation was the most frequent alteration (46 %), in 2 of 12 (17 %) MBN, 1 of 6 (17 %) ACBN, 22 of 29 (76 %) CBN, and 13 of 35 (37 %) common BN. BRAF V600E and GNA11 exon 5 mutations were respectively detected in 3 of 12 (25 %) and in 2 of 12 (17 %) MBN while none in ACBN, CBN, and common BN. None of the cases harbored NRAS exon 2/3, KIT exon 9/11/13/17/18, or GNAQ/GNA11 exon 4 mutations. GNAQ gene exon 5 mutations are rare in MBN and ACBN but frequent in CBN and common BN. Remarkably, BRAF V600E and GNA11 exon 5 mutations were only detected in MBN, whereas none were found in ACBN, CBN, or common BN. Our data contribute new elements to the limited data on molecular alterations in MBN.

H syndrome (OMIM 602782) is a very rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis with multisystem involvement. Hallmarks of this disorder are juvenile onset and progressive, hyperpigmented, hypertrichotic lesions with histiocytic infiltration. Associated systemic manifestations form a long list, and there is high variability between patients. In some patients, dysmorphic and other systemic features may be so subtle that the disorder may readily be mistaken as an acquired skin disease and treated as such. Herein, we report a novel homozygous c.1339GA (p.Glu447Lys) mutation in the SLC29A3 gene in a patient with skin-dominant presentation of H syndrome. Additionally, due to the present case, double superior vena cava can be added to the list of possible cardiovascular manifestations of H syndrome.

The etiology and pathophysiology of chronic venous disease is not fully understood. This study aimed to determine the variation of the extracellular matrix proteins in varicose vein wall according to clinical stage.Forty varicose and 10 control veins were sampled from the saphenofemoral junction. The Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathophysiologic (CEAP) classification was used in patients with varicose veins. Samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, EVG (Elastica-van Gieson) stain and with laminin, fibronectin, tenascin antibodies. Stained samples were examined immuno-histochemically. Changes in extracellular matrix were determined semi-quantitatively using light microscopy.It was observed that in the early stages (C2-C3) of chronic venous disease, fibrosis is increased in the intima and media layers, with fragmentation in lamina elastica interna, and increased tenascin expression in the intima layer. In advanced stages (C4-C6), the accumulation of tenascin in the intima continued along with fibrosis in the media layer, the thickness of the media layer increased and fibronectin deposition was observed.This study showed that changes first occur in the intima during the early stages of the disease with addition of alterations in the media layer at later stages.

Nevus comedonicus is a rare nevoid malformation, characterized by hyperkeratotic comedonal lesions scattered in several parts of the body. Skeletal abnormalities, central nervous system defects and ophtalmological pathologies can accompany the situation and in this condition, it is called nevus comedonicus syndrome. Herein, we present a twenty-eight-year old male patient diagnosed with nevus comedonicus with prepubertal segmentally located inflammatory nodules and comedones. The patient had a medical history of bone cyst and further investigation for nevus comedonicus syndrome revealed cerebral atrophy. Distinguishing property of our case was the accompanying nevus depigmentosus located on the same leg extending to the thigh.

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis was originally described by Gaugerot and Carteaud. This rare disorder is characterised by hyperkeratotic or verrucous papules that can increase in size and coalesce to form a reticular pattern peripherally and confluent plaques centrally. Lesions often manifests initially on inframammary or epigastric skin and then extends to the back, chest, upper and lower abdomen. Up to now, various antifungal agents, antibiotics, retinoids, keratolytics and calcipotriol have been used as treatment. A case of confluent and reticulated papillomatosis successfully treated with azithromycin is presented here.

Konfluan ve retikule papillomatoz ilk olarak Gaugerot ve Carteaud tarafindan tanimlanmistir. Bu nadir gorulen hastalik, merkezde birlesme egilimi gosteren, cevreye dogru retikuler paternde yayilabilen, hiperkeratotik veya verrukoz papul ve plaklarla karakterlidir. Lezyonlar genellikle meme alti veya epigastrik bolgeden baslayarak, sirta, goguse, karin ust ve alt bolgelerine yayilir. Hastaligin tedavisinde su ana kadar cesitli antifungal ilaclar, antibiyotikler, retinoidler, keratolitikler ve kalsipotriol kullanilmistir. Burada aiztromisin ile basariyla tedavi edilen bir konfluan ve retikule papillomatoz olgusu sunulmaktadir.

Blue naevi (BN) are rare benign pigmented lesions originating from the dermal melanocytes. BN and their variants are classified as cellular blue naevus (CBN), atypical cellular blue naevus (ACBN) a...

We present a case of nail apparatus melanoma in a 50-year-old woman presenting as new and changing longitudinal melanonychia of the right thumb. Very heavy melanin pigmentation involving both the epidermis and dermis interfered with dermatopathological assessment, which initially leads to a diagnosis of nail matrix blue nevus. After consultation with a specialist multidisciplinary clinic the diagnosis was revised to invasive melanoma, a diagnosis consistent with the clinical and dermatoscopic assessment.

Bowen's disease (BD) is an in situ form of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), often occurring in the chronically UV-damaged skin of elderly people. The risk of progression of BD to invasive SCC varies between 3% and 5%, and one-third of invasive tumors may metastasize. Herein we discuss the dermatoscopic findings of a case of giant Bowen's disease, which progressed to poorly differentiated invasive SCC.

OBJECTIVES We report three cases of corneal melanoma: two without conjunctival primary acquired melanosis or melanoma and one with a history of conjunctival melanoma. METHODS Report of 3 cases with corneal melanoma and literature review. RESULTS Medical records of three patients with the diagnosis of corneal melanoma were reviewed. Total excisional biopsy with corneal epitheliectomy using 20% ethanol was performed. Postoperative topical chemotherapy with 0.04% mitomycin-C was used for 4 weeks as adjunctive therapy. The follow-up ranged from 13 months to 7 years. Each of the two patients experienced two recurrences. One was treated in a fashion similar to that of the initial tumor, and the other was treated by enucleation. None of the patients developed regional or distant metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Malignant melanoma can rarely occur on the cornea with no contiguous conjunctival component. Eye-conserving treatment should be attempted first. Recurrences may occur, and a close follow-up is necessary.

Aim:Rosiglitazone, a peroksisome proliferator activated receptor-γ agonist, is an oral antidiabetic agent that decreases inflammation, free oxygen radical generation and lipid peroxidation. This study was planned to evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone on flap viability in diabetic and nondiabetic rats.Methods:32 rats (16 non-diabetic, 16 diabetic after alloxan injection) were included in the study and randomized as control and Rosiglitazone groups. 4 days before the operation, Rosiglitazone treatment were begun to rosiglitazone group and the treatment was continued until the 7 th postoperative day. Laser Doppler recordings were made from two points on the planned skin flap, before the flap elevation, just after the flap elevation and at the postoperative 7th day. Flaps were photographed and necrosis % was calculated. Full thickness biopsies were examined for leukocyte count determinations.Results and Conclusion:Blood glucose levels were not changed by rosiglitazone therapy. Necrosis percentages of diabetic and non-diabetic rats were significantly reduced by rosiglitazone therapy while necrosis % was similar between the diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In both diabetic and non-diabetic groups preoperative laser Doppler recordings were similar in rosiglitazone or control groups, whereas recordings were significantly higher in the rosiglitazone group at the postoperative 7th day. Non-diabetic rats on rosiglitazone had lower leukocyte counts than those on placebo, but this difference was not seen in the diabetic group. Rosiglitazone improved flap viability in both diabetic and non-diabetic rats. This effect of rosiglitazone was independent of its blood glucose lowering effect.

Amaç: Peroksizom proliferatör aktive reseptör-γ agonisti olan rosiglitazon, inflamasyonu, serbest oksijen radikali olușumunu ve lipid peroksidasyonunu azaltan bir oral antidiyabetiktir. Bu çalıșmada diyabetik olan ve olmayan sıçanlarda rosiglitazonun flep yașayabilirliğine etkisi araștırılmıștır. Gereç ve Yöntem: İntraperitoneal alloksan uygulaması ile diyabetik hale getirilen (n=16) ve diyabetik olmayan (n=16) toplam 32 adet sıçan çalıșmaya dahil edildi. Operasyondan 4 gün önce sıçanların yarısına plasebo, yarısına 3 mg/kg oral rosiglitazon bașlandı ve uygulamalara postoperatif 7 gün boyunca devam edildi. Sıçan dorsumunda 3 X 9 cm’lik kaudal tabanlı deri flebi planlandı. Flep kaldırılmadan önce iki noktadan lazer Doppler akım ölçer ile kan akım ölçümü yapıldı. Ölçümler, flep kaldırıldıktan hemen sonra ve postoperatif 7. gün tekrarlandı. Postoperatif 7. günkü ölçümlerden sonra flepler fotoğraflanıp, nekroz alanı/tüm flep alanı yüzdesi hesaplandı. Fleplerin nekrotik-yașayan bölge geçiș sınırından tam kat biyopsi alınarak ıșık mikroskopuyla histopatolojik olarak incelendi. Akım ölçüm sonuçları, flep nekroz yüzdeleri ve biyopsi materyallerinin mm2’sindeki lökosit sayıları karșılaștırıldı. Bulgular ve Sonuç: Rosiglitazon tedavisi ile sıçanların kan șekerlerinde bazale göre değișiklik izlenmedi. Hem diyabetik hem de diyabetik olmayan sıçanlarda rosiglitazon tedavisi ile % nekroz anlamlı olarak azaldı. Diyabetik olan ve olmayan sıçanların % nekrozları arasında fark saptanmadı. Tedavi ve kontrol gruplarında diyabet durumu ne olursa olsun lazer Doppler ile ölçülen preoperatif akımlar benzerken, postoperatif 7. günde rosiglitazon grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Diyabetik olmayan grupta rosiglitazon tedavisi alan sıçanların lökosit sayıları daha düșük bulunurken diyabetik sıçanlarda bu fark gözlenmedi. Diyabetik ve diyabetik olmayan sıçanlarda, rosiglitazon kullanımı flep yașayabilirliğini artırmıștır. Rosiglitazonun bu etkisi kan șekerini düșürücü etkiden bağımsızdır.

Inherited desmosomal cardiocutaneous syndromes are characterized by the quartet of woolly hair, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), skin fragility and cardiac abnormalities, which are caused by mutations in genes coding for desmosomal proteins. We describe a previously unrecognized autosomal recessive syndrome in a family with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy associated with alopecia and PPK (named CAPK). Genetic investigation of the family led us to find a homozygous disease-causing mutation, p.R265H, in JUP which encodes plakoglobin, a well-described member of the desmosome complex. This study expands the clinical spectrum of disorders associated with germline mutations affecting desmosomal proteins by describing a novel phenotype.

Black hairy tongue (BHT) is an unusual condition in adults characterized by marked accumulation of keratin on the dorsum of the tongue, resulting in a hair-like appearance. Herein, we have described 15 patients developing BHT after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). BHT was generally accompanied by other cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or a precursor of GVHD. Our experience in this series emphasized that histopathologic evaluation is required for seemingly harmless eruptions like BHT in the posttransplantation period. Given the important prognostic implications of GVHD, physicians should be careful when confronted with BHT.

Summary Background The similarity between clinical pictures of pigmented actinic keratosis (PAK) and lentigo maligna (LM) is well known. Objectives To investigate the frequency of dermatoscopic findings suggestive of LM/lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) in the other facial pigmented skin lesions (FPSL) and to assess the distinguishing dermoscopic criteria of PAK and LM. Methods Eighty-nine FPSL were evaluated with conventional dermatoscopy. The lesions showing one or more dermatoscopic features considered as specific patterns for the diagnosis of LM/LMM, mainly slate-grey to black dots and globules, slate-grey areas, annular-granular pattern, asymmetrical pigmented follicular openings, black blotches, rhomboidal structures, hyperpigmented rim of follicular openings, slate-grey streaks and dark streaks, were included in the study selectively. Results PAK was diagnosed in 67, LM or LMM in 20 and lichen planus-like keratosis in two lesions, histopathologically. Eleven essential dermatoscopic features were observed in facial PAK: slate-grey dots (70%); annular-granular pattern (39%); rhomboidal structures (36%); pseudonetwork (36%); black globules (34%); slate-grey globules (33%); black dots (30%); asymmetrical pigmented follicular openings (25%); hyperpigmented rim of follicular openings (21%); slate-grey areas (18%); and streaks (3%). Conclusions PAK has a striking similarity to LM/LMM in clinical and dermatoscopic features, thus representing a diagnostic challange. All dermatoscopic findings except black blotches were observed in PAK. As dermatoscopic diagnosis of a pigmented skin lesion cannot be based on the presence of a single criterion, we may conclude that histopathology still remains the gold standard for correct diagnosis.

Multiple myeloma, being a malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, has clinical spectrum varying from monoclonal gammopathy with unknown significance to plasma cell leukemia. The presenting symptoms have usually been bone pain, pathologic fractures or repeating infections. In patients with multiple myeloma, amyloid depositions may be seen in the skin. This form, defined as primary systemic amyloidosis, is characterized by light-chain amyloid fibril depositions. Our case applied with multiple, asymptomatic, yellowish papules localized on the face, trunk, oral and genital mucosa, gradually increasing during the last two years. He had no complaints, except for slight weight loss. In routine tests, the patient had no pathological laboratory findings, except high C-reactive protein levels. Further research revealed histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings consistent with amyloidosis. Upon these results, immunoglobulin G levels were measured and found high, and in protein electrophoresis, IgG monoclonal gammopathy was determined. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma is made by bone marrow biopsy. This patient is presented for being an asymptomatic case diagnosed by skin findings of amyloidosis.

To evaluate the efficiency of amniotic membrane in prevention of adhesion formation after strabismus surgery.A prospective, controlled study was conducted on 20 eyes of 10 pigmented rabbits. After disinsertion of the superior rectus muscle, under the muscle insertion area to induce adhesion formation, a partial-thickness 4 x 4 mm sclerectomy was performed in both eyes. In the right eyes, a piece of appropriate size human amniotic membrane was sutured on the sclerectomy site. As the control group, left eyes were operated with a similar procedure but without amniotic membrane transplantation. After 2 months, both eyes were enucleated to perform histopathologic examination.There was no adhesion between the sclera and muscle in the amniotic membrane group; however, there were various degrees of adhesions in the control group (p=0.004). Fibrosis in rectus muscle was present in 40% of the specimens in the amniotic membrane group and 90% in the control group with a higher grade (p=0.023). The mean number of inflammatory cells was significantly higher in the amniotic membrane group (p=0.005).According to our results, amniotic membrane has antifibrotic effect but no anti-inflammatory effect in rabbit eyes due to possible xenograft reaction to human tissues. It is effective in prevention of adhesion formation with possible physical barrier action.

A dermatofibroma of a patient with active psoriasis was evaluated dermatoscopically. Dermato-scopic examination of the lesion revealed dotted vessels with homogenous distribution through-out the lesion and brown dots and occasional hairpin-like vessels in the white scar-like center. The reported case is unique because of presentation of psoriasis and dermatofibroma simultaneously since both exhibit homogenous red dots dermatoscopically. In the dermatoscopic differential di-agnosis of pink lesions showing dotted vessels in a homogenous pattern dermatofibroma must be considered.

Functional and three-dimensional reconstruction of lost or deformed body parts is the main aim of plastic surgery. Many techniques can and have been used for this purpose. Prefabrication can be used to reduce donor site morbidity. Although prefabrication reduces donor site morbidity, it usually requires multistage operations especially for composite defects. We report the prefabrication of two different implants in one stage using high-density porous polyethylene and acellular dermal matrix in rats, since these materials do not require an immediate blood supply. Before surgery, a high-density porous polyethylene layer and a 2 × 1cm acellular dermal matrix were prepared and sutured to each other. The femoral artery, vein, and nerve were used as a pedicle. The pedicle was placed and anchored underneath the implants; in order to prevent neovascularization from another source, this complex was wrapped in a silicone sheet. A total of ten implants were prefabricated. Six weeks after the surgery, the implants were evaluated macroscopically and histologically. Macroscopic and histological examinations showed that two different implants could be prefabricated in one stage for composite defects.

A 55-year-old man presented with oral mucosal ulcers, blackening of both hands, and hyperpigmentation on axillary, anal, and inguinal regions for the last 3 months, which were all progressive. The patient was referred to the oncology department with the diagnosis of acanthosis nigricans for investigation of an underlying malignancy. He was a smoker. A computed tomography scan of thorax revealed enlarged mediastinal lymphadenopathies and a lesion on the left upper lobe. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the mediastinal lesion was consistent with squamous cell carcinoma, and biopsies of the skin and oral mucosal lesion also further confirmed the diagnosis of acanthosis nigricans. After docetaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy, a significant improvement in his skin and mucosal lesions was observed with almost complete resolution of the pulmonary lesion and the mediastinal lymph nodes.

Thymic carcinoma, which is a thymic epithelial neoplasm with obvious cytologic atypia, is a rare neoplasm. The authors report on a 10-year-old boy who presented with respiratory distress due to bulky anterior mediastinal mass. Histological and immunohistochemical studies confirmed a lymphoepithelioma-like pattern thymic carcinoma. In addition, evaluation of the specimen showed foci of caseation and multiple granulomas with extensive central necrosis within the thymic tissue. The child received chemotherapy, followed by surgery and radiotherapy. To rule out difficulties of tuberculosis he also received antituberculosis therapy. Two years after cessation of treatment, he is still in remission for thymic carcinoma.

Sweet syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) is a rare clinical entity characterized by skin lesions, neutrophilia, fever, and neutrophilic infiltration of the dermis. It may be a consequence of malignant disease, comorbidities, or drugs. We present a case of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis in a patient after autologous stem cell transplant.

A 46-year-old man presented with a painless firm mass in the eyelid margin of the left lower eyelid, which had been present for 9 years. Biopsy nine years previously had not established a diagnosis. We performed excisional biopsy of the lesion and lateral advancement skin flap for reconstruction of the skin defect. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings were consistent with atypical chondroid syringoma with eccrine differentiation. The systemic metastatic work-up was negative, and no recurrence or metastasis was present at 30-month follow-up. Chondroid syringoma is a rare skin tumor that occurs, very rarely, in the eyelids, especially the lower eyelid. Only 26 cases of chondroid syringoma in the periorbital area, including our case, have been reported, with various characteristics. Chondroid syringomas are classified as two types, the apocrine type characterized by tubular and cystic branching lumina lined by two layers of epithelial cells, and the eccrine type, which has small tubular lumina lined by a single layer of epithelial cells. The tumor can have benign, atypical, and malignant variants. Our patient had the atypical variant, which is characterized by benign cytological features, as well as the presence of infiltrative margins and/or satellite nodules. Even benign chondroid syringomas, if incompletely excised, can recur with malignant transformation; thus, complete excision and regular follow-up is recommended for all chondroid syringomas.

Colloid milium is a rare cutaneous deposition disorder that frequently occurs in areas of chronic sun exposure such as the face, neck and backs of the hands and is characterized by multiple small, discrete, usually amber-colored, dome-shaped papules that cluster to form large plaques. A 50-year-old white woman with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was referred to us with asymptomatic, slowly spreading lesions localized to the dorsa of her hands which had been present for 4 years. The condition was diagnosed histopathologically as pigmented colloid milium associated with exogenous ochronosis (EO). Colloid milium associated with EO is very rarely reported in the published work. We think that a possible interaction between sunlight and exposure to chemical fertilizers may have played a role in the pathogenesis of both of the disorders in our case.

Batioglu, Figen/0000-0002-5834-7512; Heper, Aylin Okcu/0000-0002-7807-0717 WOS: 000242997200005 PubMed: 17162415 The purpose of this study was to report recurrent optic disc and retinal vasculitis in a patient with drug-induced urticarial vasculitis. Complete ophthalmological examination including fluorescein angiography and visual field examination were done. A 53-year-old woman with recurrent painful urticarial skin lesions following trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole usage had the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of urticarial vasculitis. Two years after cutaneous manifestations, she began to notice visual disturbances in both eyes that recurred at 1-year intervals. Her ophthalmological findings were consistent with recurrent vasculitis of the optic nerve and retina. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and hydroxychloroquine resulted in the resolution of cutaneous and ocular manifestations. This patient demonstrates that recurrent occlusive vasculitis of the optic nerve and retina can occur in this rare disease. These patients should be examined periodically by ophthalmologists.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a "slow" bacterial pathogen, which induces several gastroduodenal diseases. Varying degrees of inflammation can be present in the gastric mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori. The case presented here is a male patient suffering from dyspepsia and nausea. His upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed pan gastritis. Histological examination of multiple gastric biopsies taken from the body and antrum showed a rare morphological expression of H. pylori gastritis characterized by diffuse plasma cell infiltration with extensive Russell body formation. Diffuse infiltration of plasma cells with Russell bodies in gastric mucosa can cause difficulties in differentiation from neoplastic processes. However, immunohistochemically, the infiltrating cells in the gastric mucosa stained negatively with cytokeratins while they expressed both kappa and lambda light chains showing their polyclonal nature. The presence of diffuse plasma cells with Russell bodies in the gastric mucosa may represent a different presentation of H. pylori gastritis. There are only two case reports of similar presentation and both have been called "Russell body gastritis".

Birt – Hogg - Dubé syndrome associated with benign tumors of the hair follicle (fibrofolliculoma, trichodiscoma), a large number of lung cysts and renal tumor is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis. In these patients, benign tumors of the hair follicle is often seen after the age of 20, lung cysts in 20-30 years, renal tumors in 40-70 years. Lung function is usually normal and cysts can cause recurrent pneumothorraces. Herein patient with Birt-Hogg - Dubé syndrome refered to outpatient clinic of dermatology, is presented.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is an uncommon locally aggressive mesenchymal tumor with a high local recurrence rate. Atrophic DFSP is a rare variant of DFSP characterized by a non-protuberant lesion. We report on a 23-year-old female, who presented with an atrophic, asymptomatic macule on the right side of her back 2 cm in diameter. Dermatoscopic examination revealed homogenous pigment network on a purplish erythematous background. The histopathological finding of the incisional biopsy material was consistent with DFSP. To our knowledge, this is the second case of atrophic DFSP discussing the dermatoscopic features of this relatively rare condition.

Immunogenicity and the restoration of blood supply to the donor graft remains a clinical challenge in tracheal allotransplantation. We conducted a study on 20 rabbits of a genetically similar strain to eliminate the risk of rejection caused by immunogenicity.We examined the histomorphological changes related to revascularization and the immunogenic reaction of the fresh allografts after tracheal transplantation. Histomorphological assessment was conducted by investigating the anastomotic sites, graft necrosis, and epithelization. Cellular changes, including the infiltration of granulocytes, histiocytes, and fibroblast proliferation related to a granulation tissue-like reaction, were also assessed, with lymphocyte infiltration which is an indicator of graft rejection. All of these characteristics, apart from epithelization, were graded semiquantitatively as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), and severe (3). Epithelization was graded as 0, indicating no epithelization; 1,or =20%; 2,or =40%; 3,or =60%; 4,or =80; 5, complete epithelization of the entire graft.Morphologic integrity of the trachea was completely retained in 16 (80%) animals. The overall rating score of epithelization was 3.6+/-1.0, while those of the granulation tissue-like reaction and lymphocyte infiltration were 4.8+/-0.6 and 1.5+/-0.7, respectively.These findings demonstrate that tracheal allotransplantation is possible with fresh allografts in genetically similar strains of rabbits.

Summary Postirradiation morphoea is an uncommon side-effect of radiotherapy. We report a 74-year-old woman who was treated with radiotherapy for endometrial carcinoma. About 3.5 years after the first dose of radiotherapy, the patient developed linear morphoea starting from the radiation port and affecting distant, nonirradiated skin. Lesions of radiation-induced morphoea are generally described as well-demarcated, indurated plaques with varying amounts of associated erythema; however, there is no previous publication of unilateral band-like distribution of morphoea associated with radiotherapy, to our knowledge.

Pityriasis rotunda is an uncommon cutaneous disorder consisting of perfectly round to oval, scaly, asymptomatic patches localized on the trunk and extremities. The aetiology of this disease is as yet unknovvn. Some authors believe it to be a form of acquired or congenital ichthyosis or a cu-taneous manifestation of a systemic disease including tuberculosis, malnutrition, hepatocellular carcinoma, lymphoma, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, stomach cancer, cardiacand pulmonary disease. Hovvever there is no previous publication of pityriasis rotunda arising during the treat-ment of mycosis fungoides as in this case.

Pitriazis rotunda govde ve ekstremitelerde yerlesen, keskin sinirli, yuvarlak veya oval sekilli, uzeri skuamli asemptomatik makullerle karakterize nadir gorulen bir deri hastaligidir. Etyolojisi henuz bilinmemektedir. Bazi otorler kazanilmis ya da konjenital iktiyozisin bir formu ya da tuberkuloz, malnutrisyon, hepatoselluler kanser, lenfoma, losemi, multipl myelom, mide kanseri, kardiak ve pulmoner hastaliklar gibi sistemik hastaliklarin deri belirtisi olabilecegine inanmaktadirlar. Mikozis fungoides tedavisi esnasinda ortaya cikan pitriazis rotunda daha once bildirilmemistir.

Pilomatrixoma was first described in 1880. Since then, approximately 73 carcinomas have been reported in the literature. A 57 year-old man was evaluated for a solitary nodule on the left temporoparietal scalp. Biopsy revealed pilomatrixoma. The lesion was treated by wide surgical resection. The patient was free of disease 6 months after surgery. We report another case of pilomatrix carcinoma arising from the scalp.

Glioblastoma is very rare in the pineal region. We report a case of glioblastoma in this region. This is the 18th case of primary glioblastoma in the pineal region and the second case that survived over two years according the literature. A 60-year-old man admitted with headache and ataxia that continued for the last 3 months. Physical examination was normal. Neurological examination revealed ataxia. There was no motor or sensory deficit. Computer tomography showed triventricular hydrocephalus and isodense rounded mass in the pineal region. Magnetic resonance images revealed a regular-edged heterogeneous contrast-enhanced tumor in pineal region. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt was inserted for hydrocephalus. After surgery, the ataxia and hydrocephalus were improved. Ten days later, serial stereotactic biopsies were performed. Histopathological specimens revealed glioblastoma. The patient was recommended to undergo radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The patient is still surviving without deficit two years after biopsy and shunt operation.

This paper presents a detailed incidence study on childhood solid tumors comprising a histopathology-based documentation of benign and malignant lesions.The Ankara Pediatric Pathology Working Group collected databases of pediatric solid tumors from six pediatric reference centers in order to analyze the incidence, distribution and some epidemiologic characteristics of the tumors and to establish a multicenter database for further studies. A five-year retrospective archive search was carried out. Excluding epithelial tumors of the skin, leukemia, lymphoreticular system neoplasias, metastatic tumors, and hamartomas, 1362 solid tumors in 1358 patients were classified according to age, sex, localization, histopathology and clinical behavior.The male/female ratio was 0.9; 14.8% (201) of the patients belonged to 0-1 year age group, 20.7% (281) to 2-4 years, 25.9% (352) to 5-10 years, 22.2% (301) to 11-14 years, and 16.4% (223) to 15-18 years. Among all tumors, 708 (52.0%) were malignant, 645 (47.4%) benign tumors, 2 (0.1%) borderline tumors, and 2 (0.1%) unknown behavioral tumors. Malignant tumors were found in 50.2% (357) of female patients and in 54.0% (349) of male patients. A balanced distribution between benign and malignant entities among children under 18 years was observed. Comparison between the age groups revealed malignant cases outnumbered benign cases under 4 years of age while benign tumor numbers increased after 10 years of age. The most common entities in the malignant group were of sympathetic nervous system origin, while soft tissue tumors far outnumbered the others in the benign group.We conclude that the cancer patterns of children in the Ankara region mostly resemble with those of the western population. This study provides useful information on the diagnosis of solid tumors in children and highlights variations in cancer incidence in different age groups.

Purpose: To evaluate the presentation patterns and results of management of retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center in Ankara, Turkey, with special emphasis on globe conservation rate in unilateral and bilateral intraocular retinoblastoma. Methods: Patients were grouped according to the International Classification of Retinoblastoma. For intraocular retinoblastoma, group E and some group D eyes underwent primary enucleation. Secondary enucleation was performed after failure of chemoreduction, focal treatments, external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), and intra-arterial chemotherapy used in various combinations. For extraocular retinoblastoma cases, treatment consisted of enucleation/exenteration or orbital biopsy, high-dose chemotherapy, and EBRT to the orbit and metastatic sites. Results: During the study period from October 1998 to May 2010, 165 of 192 (85.9%) patients had intraocular disease and 27 (14.1%) patients had extraocular disease. In total, primary or secondary enucleation was performed in 70 of 94 eyes with unilateral retinoblastoma (74.5%) and in 34 of 142 eyes with bilateral retinoblastoma (23.9%). The overall globe conservation rate was 69.6%. Only one patient in the intraocular retinoblastoma group died of metastatic retinoblastoma to the central nervous system. Twenty of 27 patients (74.1%) with extraocular retinoblastoma were found to have metastasis to the central nervous system, bone, bone marrow, and/or lymph nodes. At a mean follow-up of 28.0 months (median: 12 months; range: 1 to 120 months), survival was 33.3% despite intensive treatment. Conclusions: The overall risk of enucleation was 75% in eyes with unilateral retinoblastoma and 24% in eyes with bilateral retinoblastoma. Extraocular retinoblastoma carries a 75% risk of systemic metastasis and 67% risk of death. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(5):296–303.]

We present a patient who experienced pigmented purpura 10 days after initiating sildenafil. The eruption cleared several weeks after discontinuation of the medication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of pigmented purpuric dermatosis reported due to sildenafil. © 2012 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.