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In this experiment we followed the influence of growth system on the share of internal organs and viscera by the total body mass on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The importance of this study results from the need to reach as favourable slaughter yield. For this, were slaughtered 25 rainbow trout from the Fiad trout farm (conventional farm), Bistriţa-Năsăud County (control group – M), respectively 25 rainbow trout grown in a recirculating system arranged in Cluj-Napoca (experimental group – E). Body weight of the studied specimens was 228.96±1.21 g – M group, respectively 229.40±1.24 g – E group, the difference between the two groups being insignificant (p>0.05). The slaughter yield was favorable for E group – 90.55±0.03%, compared with M group – 89.23±0.05% (p

Slaughter yield is one of the most important indices of meat production, which in the current legislation, dealing with employment în quality classes and to establish the commercial value of fish or other animals. To make our research, were slaughtered by mechanical stunning, 25 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), from Fiad trout farm, BistriţaNăsăud County (M group), respectively 25 rainbow trout from an recirculating system arranged in Cluj-Napoca (E group). The average weight of the studied specimens was similar (228.96±1.21 g-M group, respectively 229.40±1.24 g-E group; d= -0.44 g, p>0.05). Slaughter yield obtained in the goup M was 89.23±0.05%, and in the group E 90.55±0.03%. Results showed that in gravimetric terms, the differences are insignificant between the two groups (d=3.43 g, p>0,05), but in percentage terms, the differences are negative and very significant (d=1.32%, p

Experiments were conducted throughout 2009 and 2010. At the beginning of experiments, both in 2009 and in 2010, were formed two groups (M-control group; E-experimental group), each group far 600 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Control group M has been exploited in the Fiad trout farm, Bistriţa-Năsăud County, and the experimental group E was operated in a recirculating system arranged in Cluj-Napoca. Experiments were conducted over 210 days, both in 2009 and in 2010. Initial body weight of the specimens was 22.70±0.40 g – group M, and 22.68±0.39 – group E, in 2009. In the second experimental series (2010), the initial body weight of the rainbow trout specimens was 22.69±0.28 g – group M, respectively 22.56±0.31 g – group E. As factors which influencing directly the growth dynamic of rainbow trout, were monitored the physico-chemical parameters of water from the two locations, and feed consumption. Production performances of the trout from the two experimental groups, were assessed using as indicators total weight gain (TWG) and specific growth rate (SGR). In 2009, TWG=370.92±4.37 g – group E vs. 79.59±1.09 g – group M (p

During a period of 6 months beginnings with October 2016 until March 2017, were analysed meat products such as: Haiducesc smoked chest, Premium jambon, as well as semi-smoked assortments: Pork salami, Pintea salami and Pancetta salami obtained at SC. “Ferma Zootehnică” SRL Baia Mare. The results are reported at 100 g of product and were as follow: Haiducesc smoked chest: 31.87% water, 3.2 g salt, 2.51 mg nitrites; Premium jambon: 32.16% water, 3.38 g salt, 2.78 mg nitrites; Pork salami: 53.2% water, 2.13 g salt, 2.32 mg nitrites; Pintea salami: 51.8% water, 2.21 g salt, 2.95 mg nitrites; Pancetta salami: 46.08% water, 2.21 g salt, 2.04 mg nitrites. The obtained values fit in the allowed limits of the European norms STAS 6352/1-88 and 6353-85, therefore the products obtained are very good quality.

The Romanian Buffalo Breed (RBB), established in 1987, originated from local river buffalo populations highly adapted to the low-input breeding condition. Cross-breeding with Asian breeds was recently used for genetic improvement in milk production. In the last 25 years the species has dramatically decreased. Over 90% of livestock has been sold and never replaced. The population is now mainly maintained in subsistence farms. This study aims to assess the genetic diversity within the remaining population and to verify links with improved breeds supposedly introgressed in RBB. To assess the genetic diversity of RBB and ascertain possible phylogenetic relations with other buffalo breeds, we sequenced the entire cytochrome B gene (MTCYB) in a sample population. Blood samples were collected from randomly selected 52 unrelated individuals from various locations in Transylvania. A DNA fragment containing the entire MTCYB gene (1140bp) was amplified by PCR directly from whole blood (1μl). The amplicons were sequenced using two pairs of primers. The sequences were subsequently used for genetic diversity assessments. Analysis of the sequences led to the identification of five novel MTCYB haplotypes, uploaded in GenBank with the following accession numbers: JQ241279; JQ241280; JQ241281; JQ241282; JQ241283. In the sample population, the most frequently identified haplotypes were haplotype 2 (EF409940.1) and haplotype 3 (EF409941.1), previously reported in other buffalo populations, mainly from Asia, confirming the Asiatic origins of RBB. Sequence comparisons have revealed that RBB is mainly related with Indian breeds. Despite the numerical decline of RBB, through correct breeding schemes the breed maintained a good level of genetic diversity. Our analysis confirms RBB’s Asiatic origins. Presence of new haplotypes may also reflect that this population is isolated from a geographical and reproductive point of view.

In the past decades buffalo milk has attracted growing interest in most countries, especially due to its nutrition characteristics. In Romania, buffalo milk and milk products are mainly considered local and traditional resources, and play an important role in enhancing livestock biodiversity. Currently, the overall availability of milk from all dairy animal species, as well as the possibility of obtaining new products must be analysed. Buffalo milk composition is influenced by season. Milk fat level in autumn is 7.95%, and in the summer it is 7.29%. The highest mean values for the cheese were recorded in the spring season, with a fat and protein content of 41.02% and 21.34%, respectively. In autumn, the fat content is at 36.92%, and protein is at 19.81% . Â

Spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) is an important element of the trophic chain of aquatic ecosystems in Romania’s hilly areas. To assess the conservation status of this species, 21 specimens were taken from the Letca area, SAƒlaj County. The specimens caught were weighed and analysed from the meristic (8 determinations) and morphometric (36 determinations) points of view. The obtained results reflect the homogeneity of the fish population in terms of morphology (their coefficients of variation showing lower values). This study will continue in the future with the analyses of the spirlin populations from several sectors of the SomeE™ River and its tributaries.

The Raman spectra of polycrystalline anhydrous orotic acid have been also recorded and compared to the SERS data. This form are found to chemisorb on Ag colloidal nanoparticles exhibiting different SERS spectral pattern. SERS of orotic acid analysis suggested a titled geometry orientation with respect to the surface. Different adsorption behavior of these molecular species is discussed in the present study based on the Raman and SERS vibrational analysis of the related species.

This paper presents a study on the interaction of children with special needs and horses, which attempts to demonstrate the effects of hipoterapy in helping children with disabilities. The research was conducted on a group of 20 children with disabilities who participated in this type of therapy for 8 months (January-August 2015) in Leorinţ Leisure Center and Riding Therapy, which owns 6 horses. This study was conducted by a psychologist pre- and post-evaluation and there were followed skills and cognitive function, motor skills, spatial-temporal orientation skills, sensory-perceptual organization, examining language and personality of children. In the first stage an initial assessment of children was made representing the starting point to see to what extent children are, what special needs they have and what gaps need to be recovered or what skills and qualities may be based in therapy. After 3 months of hippotherapy, in April 2015, there was made intermediar evaluation of beneficiaries to see if the intended results were achieved and where to optimise the therapy. The final evaluation was conducted in August 2015, after four months from the intermediar evaluation. Applying hippotherapy for children with various disabilities, it was found that children moving better, move better, speak more easily, communicate and become more careful. Besides outcomes of hippotherapy and results are measurable and easily to observe such as satisfaction to participate in hippotherapy sessions and getting into contact with the horses.

Consumption of meat and meat products is an essential component in the human diet (Banu C. 2007). Toassess the quality of meat products obtained from SC “Marele Alb” SRL Turda where carried out physical-chemicaland microbiological analyses, effected periodically and on lots.

In the context of increase the fish farms productivity and diversification of aquaculture products, have been evaluated the growth dynamics of three species of trout: rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ) and arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus ). All three species of trout were grown in TrecAƒtoarea Ursului trout farm, BraAŸov County and have benefited from the same environmental parameters and the same feeding conditions. The growth dynamics of rainbow trout was significantly higher, compared to the other two species. This is the result of artificialisation and improvement of rainbow trout, as well as its genetic characters. The lower growth dynamics of brook trout and arctic charr increase the production price, this aspect having directly implications on the selling price.

The investigation performed on a 31 hens effective (27 laying hens and 4 cocks) reared and maintained in traditional system during May - June 2014, concerning the anatomo - clinical, hystopathological, prophylactic and therapeutic picture in a cnemiodocopte scabie outbreak of legs, emphasizes an incidence of the parasitosis with different values function of production category, 14.8% in laying hens and 75.5% in cocks. The anatomo-clinical examination revealed poultry within different stages of disease evolution, from incipient forms, less expressive (3 cases – 43.0%) to serious foms, with productive dermatoses high prurigenous in the tarso - metatarso - phalangeal area (4 cases - 57.0%). The hystopathological sections performed from pathological material prelevated from the tarso - metatarsian area with serious cnemiodocopte scabie lesions in hen, emphasize at epidermis level lesions of acanthosis with hyperkeratosis, and spongiosis lesions in the cells of the spinous layer, and around parasites appears a limiting thick layer, keratinic. In deep derm is presented an infiltrate preponderantly perivascular, with mononucleates and hetherophils (lesions of perivascularite). According to applied therapeutic protocol (Ivermectin, 0.5 ml s.c. inoculation in axilar area) it was reported a progressive improvement of the anatomo - clinical picture, visble from the 7 th post - therapeutic day

Momordica charantia (bitter melon) belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae, a climbing vine which is commonly seen growing on walls and shrubs in the tropics.In this paper, because earlier claim shows that the plant used as stomachic, carminative, tonic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, in rheumatoid arthritis and gout, the present investigation was carried to characterized a principal components of plant using FT-IR technique

Cattle farming for meat is an activity specific for Romanian zootechnics. Generally, beef cattle farmers acquire claves from the local population. The condition and welfare of calves can be determined based on weight gain and hematological indices. The purpose of our research was to determine the growth dynamic of calves subjected to fattening and to determine the physiological status on growth stages, by hematological investigations. Our research was conducted at the SC ITL AGROCOMPLEX farm – LechinA£a, BistriA£a-NAƒsAƒud County. Growth indices (TG – total gain; ADG – average daily gain) were determined based on successive measurements and weightings. The physiological status was determined by hematological analyses (WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, leukocytic formula). The experiment lasted for 33 days, 10 calves being studied. The initial mean weight was 53.5±0.513 kg, and the final mean weight was 91.7±0.445 kg, resulting a total gain (TG) of 38.2 kg and an average daily gain (ADG) of 1.158 kg/day. Generally, the obtained hematological values showed a gradual improvement of the physiological status of the calves. Starting with somewhat higher leukocyte values (WBC initial =10.61±0.329 x 10 9 /L), their level slowly decreased towards the end of the experiment (WBC final =8.92±0.204 x 10 9 /L). Regarding other hematological indices, these presented relatively constant values: RBC initial =9.44±0.151 x 10 12 /L vs. RBC final =9.35±0.114 x 10 12 /L; HGB initial = 9.92±0.234 g/dl vs. HGB final =9.24±0.155 g/dl; HCT initial =30.5±0.604% vs. HCT final =30.15±0.389%. The obtained results show optimum values for growth dynamic. Also, the hematological indices indicate good maintenance, growth and feeding conditions existent in the farm, the indices improving during the experiment.

Background Colostrum has many beneficial effects on newborns due to its main compounds (proteins, fats, lactose, essential fatty acids, amino acids) as well as protective antibodies that confer to the body. The buffaloes are the second important species for milk production in the world after cows. The importance of the species is also conferred by a longer longevity, high dry content of milk and a strong organic resistance when compared with cows. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of buffalo colostrum compounds such as fatty acids, cholesterol and physicochemical parameters during the first seven days postpartum and under the impact of the season, summer on pasture and winter on dry diet (hay based). Results Fat from colostrum differs depending on the postpartum day showing mean values of 11.31-7.56% (summer season) and 11.22-7.51% (winter season). These values gradually decreased starting with first day postpartum until day seven. Dry substance and protein presented a similar evolution to fat reaching the lowest values at the end of the colostral period. Lactose, ash and pH showed a gradually increase reaching the maximum on day seven postpartum. The highest titres of fatty acids from colostrum are: butyric acid (C4:0), myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and the lowest values showed up in myristoleic acid (C14:1), cis-10-pentadecanoic acid (C15:1), pentadecylic acid (C15:0) and margaric acid (C17:0) for both seasons. Higher concentrations have been recorded for the summer season in general. Cholesterol concentration decreased from 12.93 and 12.68 mg/100 mL (summer and winter season) to 9.02 and 7.88 mg/100 mL in the end of the colostral period. Conclusions Physicochemical compounds of buffalo colostrum were influenced by season and postpartum day of milking. Excepting lactose all other parameters gradually decreased during colostral period. Fatty acids and cholesterol showed the same evolution, presenting higher values for the summer season. Specific feeding in the summer season (on pasture) did lead in more concentrated colostrum in dry substance, fatty acids and cholesterol.

Production of freshwater fish evolved constantly over the past decades in parallel with increasing the amount of ingredients conventionally used to feed these fish. From the main ingredients, those protein based are the most expensive and increasingly difficult to obtain. Fishmeal demands valuable alternative ingredients to replace it and yeasts seem to offer new protein sources, but not only, acting as probiotics in fish feed. We tested productive and physiological benefits of brewer yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) added 1.5% in standard rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) nutrition with Coppens fodder (2 mm granulation) with 45% crude protein (CP) over a period of 45 days, starting at an average live weight of 56.86 gramsin a classical system of breeding. Production parameters as average daily gain (ADG), total live gain (TLG) and feed conversion rate (FCR) but also hematologic and biochemical blood parameters have been evaluated. Yeast fed batch presented higher productive indices but not statistically represented. Significant differences were observed in hematological parameters for hemoglobin, very significant response of yeast fed batch regarding gamma globulins (GGL) level and significant changes were also recorded for total proteins (TP). Significantly lower values for amylase were revealed, while enzymatic profile shown significant differences in alkaline phosphatase (PAL) and creatinine phosphokinase (CPK). Overall, 1.5% of dried brewer yeast added to standard fodder in rainbow trout das led to a better use of feed and a strengthening of immunity.