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54. A reactive flow model for the 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan based plastic bonded explosive (PBX 9701).

Author

Price, Matthew A., Leiding, Jeffery A., Aslam, Tariq D., Coe, Joshua D., Ramos, Kyle J., Bolme, Cynthia A., Francois, Elizabeth G., Lichthardt, Joseph P., Bowden, Pat P., Thompson, Darla G., and Ticknor, Christopher

Subjects
REACTIVE flow, PLASTICS, MODEL validation, CALIBRATION, BIOCHEMICAL substrates, EQUATIONS of state
Abstract

This paper describes the calibration of the Arrhenius Wescott–Stewart–Davis (AWSD) reactive flow model for the recently developed high explosive PBX 9701, which consists of 97% 3, 3 ′ -diamino-4, 4 ′ -azoxyfurazan (DAAF) and 3% FK-800 binder by weight. DAAF-based explosive formulations have several desirable qualities as they are relatively insensitive to non-shock insults but have higher performance than triaminotrinitrobenzene based formulations. Equations of state for the explosive reactants and products are calibrated using a combination of existing and new experimental data and theoretical calculations. The AWSD rate law calibration utilizes both one-dimensional shock-to-detonation and multidimensional rate stick experiments to capture the shock initiation and propagating detonation regimes. Validation of the calibrated model is demonstrated through comparison with recent gas-gun experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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55. Retinal Microvasculature Image Analysis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.

Author

Noor, Maha, McGrath, Orlaith, Drira, Ines, and Aslam, Tariq

Subjects
OPTICAL coherence tomography, IMAGE analysis, RETINAL imaging, COVID-19 pandemic, ANGIOGRAPHY, SYNDROMES
Abstract

Several optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) studies have demonstrated retinal microvascular changes in patients post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, reflecting retinal-systemic microvasculature homology. Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) entails persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we investigated the retinal microvasculature in PCS patients using OCT-angiography and analysed the macular retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness via spectral domain-OCT (SD-OCT). Conducted at the Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, UK, this cross-sectional study compared 40 PCS participants with 40 healthy controls, who underwent ophthalmic assessments, SD-OCT, and OCT-A imaging. OCT-A images from the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) were analysed using an in-house specialised software, OCT-A vascular image analysis (OCTAVIA), measuring the mean large vessel and capillary intensity, vessel density, ischaemia areas, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and circularity. RNFL and GCL thickness was measured using the OCT machine's software. Retinal evaluations occurred at an average of 15.2 ± 6.9 months post SARS-CoV-2 infection in PCS participants. Our findings revealed no significant differences between the PCS and control groups in the OCT-A parameters or RNFL and GCL thicknesses, indicating that no long-term damage ensued in the vascular bed or retinal layers within our cohort, providing a degree of reassurance for PCS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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56. Dynamic small resolved heat release model for programmed burn calculations.

Author

Lozano, Eduardo, Aslam, Tariq D., Culp, David B., and Price, Matthew A.

Subjects
*DETONATION waves, *EVOLUTION equations, *EQUATIONS of state, *CHEMICAL energy, *CURVATURE
Abstract

The disparity between the reaction and the engineering length scales in high-explosive (HE) systems motivates the use of programmed burn methods where the detonation wave is replaced with a surface and an evolution equation. When the normal detonation velocity differs from the nominal Chapman–Jouguet value (non-zero curvature), the local expansion isentrope of the HE detonation products must be mathematically consistent with the post-flow state to yield the correct detonation energy. The hydrodynamic step associated with the HE energy release is typically treated using a velocity-adjusted equation of state or a pseudo-reaction zone model. This paper describes a model where the bulk of the chemical energy is released instantaneously at the shock and the remainder is released at the finite rate dictated by a base reactive burn model. The implementation steps rely on existing code infrastructure and use the same parameter calibration as the base burn model. Two one-dimensional test cases are presented for a spherically diverging and a spherically converging detonation. The results show that the proposed methodology is able to capture the main flow features at coarse resolutions while retaining a strong hydrodynamic coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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57. Examination of thermodynamic space for classes of experiments.

Author

Aslam, Tariq D. and Hill, Larry G.

Subjects
*REACTIVE flow, *ISOTHERMAL compression, *DETONATION waves, *ISENTROPIC compression, *DYNAMIC simulation, *BIOCHEMICAL substrates
Abstract

Understanding the path through thermodynamic space that a high explosive experiences during shock to detonation transition (SDT), detonation propagation and failure are important for understanding the roles of these experiments for reactive flow model calibration. SDT, steady detonation propagation, corner turning (ECOT), multi-shock, isothermal and isentropic compression, shock release and re-shock, GapStick and other experiments may "overlap" with respect to the thermodynamic states attained. The focus of this study is to explore a methodology to examine where the reactants equation of state are taken by experiments. To that end, clearly a complete reactive flow model is needed to faithfully ascertain the dynamics of each experiment. For this exploration, an Arrhenius-Wescott-Stewart-Davis (AWSD) model is utilized for dynamic simulations of the tri-amino-tri-nitro-benzene (TATB) based plastic bonded explosive PBX 9502. Here, only an example of SDT will be given, as it serves as a validation of the more general methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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58. Uncertainty quantified reactant and product equation of state for Composition B.

Author

Jadrich, Ryan B., Lindquist, Beth A., Leiding, Jeffery A., and Aslam, Tariq D.

Subjects
BIOCHEMICAL substrates, PHYSICS
Abstract

Capturing the entirety of possible high explosive performance outcomes given limited calibration data necessitates a full uncertainty quantification study. This is in contrast to the historical approach of fitting or calibrating a single deterministic physics model–which can be very loosely interpreted as the most likely outcome. As a step in the direction for providing high explosive equations of state with rigorous uncertainty modeling, we demonstrate an uncertainty quantification framework in the context of the high explosive Composition B. Our focus in this study is on the combined reactant and product equation of state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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59. Experimental and modelling study of the effect of pre-shock duration on the double shock initiation response of PBX 9501.

Author

Whitworth, Nicholas, Lang, John, Aslam, Tariq, Price, Matthew, and Henrick, Andrew

Subjects
EXPLOSIVES, VELOCITY
Abstract

A series of double shock initiation gas-gun experiments have been performed on PBX 9501 (95% weight HMX, 5% binder) in which the input conditions were nominally the same, but the time delay between the two shocks was explicitly varied. The impact conditions generated pre- and main shock pressures of 2.9 and 6.2 GPa respectively, with time delays between them ranging from 0.56 to 1.10 µs. This resulted in different levels of reaction behind the pre-shock prior to the main shock traversing the explosive samples, with the growth of reaction monitored using embedded particle velocity and shock tracker gauges. Simulated results from three reactive burn models (CREST, AWSD and SURF) are compared with the measured data to assess their ability to predict the response of PBX 9501 under such double shock conditions. The described experiments add to the body of evidence to help improve our understanding of the double shock initiation response of explosives, and the data obtained provide an excellent test for reactive burn models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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60. Connecting details of heterogeneous explosive reactive wave profiles to the hydrodynamic reaction rate.

Author

Perry, W. Lee, Burns, Malcolm, and Aslam, Tariq

Subjects
SHOCK waves, CURIOSITY, MOTIVATION (Psychology), SURFACE waves (Seismic waves), EXPLOSIVES
Abstract

The future of high-performance high explosives development demands new efficient and cost-effective methods to understand new materials when only limited quantities are available. We also need efficient methods to understand the effects of manufacturing variability, service environment, and aging effects. Here, we explore the relationship between reactive wave profiles and the hydrodynamic reaction rate for use in model-based assessments. The acceleration of the lead shock wave directly reflects the reaction rate. With this knowledge, and equations-of-state information, relatively sparse data allows us to estimate the reaction rate for use in large-scale simulations. We deem the approach useful for efficient evaluation of new explosive formulations and variations in existing formulations. Our study of this topic is ongoing – the intent of this paper is to motivate curiosity and thought about how we interpret shock initiation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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61. A semi formal graphical approach to protocol design

Author

Aslam, Tariq

Subjects
621.382
Abstract

Communication protocols play a central role in modern telecommunication systems. Protocols are developed to assure that a given service by a system can be provided to an end user in a reliable and efficient manner. The ever-growing influence of telecommunication and distributed systems over daily life require the protocols developed to be free from design errors. One can easily imagine the consequences of protocol failure in the automatic teller machines (ATM), the failure of protocols while making phone calls or failure of protocols in safety critical system such as nuclear power plants and aeroplanes. Any subtle design errors in these protocols can lead to expensive and dangerous consequences. The traditional methodologies such as simulation and design by intuition of protocols are already showing weaknesses and can no longer be relied upon in order to develop modern large complex communication and distribution systems. The formal methods are being deployed in the industry and research institute to develop protocols that are highly reliable and ideally do not contain any errors. Generally, speaking these formal methods can be divided into two categories namely analytic versus synthetic. The analytical methods to design protocols are relatively simple but by no mean guarantee the generation of protocols that are free from design errors. The methods used can only detect errors after the protocol has been designed by means of simulation and validation using automated tools. The synthetic methods allow the generation of protocols that are free from design errors using advanced discrete mathematical concepts and state theory. The complexity of the methods proposed makes it extremely difficult to use them for the protocol of even simplistic natures. The methods proposed so far as shown their usability to the protocol of academic nature only. A semi formal graphical method proposed by this study to design protocol suggest a synthesis method that uses formal graphical language to synthesis the protocols. It overcomes a number of difficulties that are present in formal synthetical methods and early results show that the method can be applied to the protocol of realistic nature. This method also has some weaknesses but it is hoped that future research in this area will overcome some of these.

Published
2001

62. Publisher's Note: "An analytic and complete equation of state for condensed phase materials" [J. Appl. Phys. 134, 125102 (2023)].

Author

Lozano, Eduardo, Cawkwell, Marc J., and Aslam, Tariq D.

Subjects
CONDENSED matter, EQUATIONS of state, BERYLLIUM, NITROMETHANE, INTERNET publishing
Abstract

This article, titled "An analytic and complete equation of state for condensed phase materials," was originally published online on September 22, 2023, with incorrect captions for Figures 7-10. However, the figures and captions have been corrected and are now accurate. The article discusses thermal and cold calibration for various materials, including single-crystal PETN, liquid nitromethane, and HCP beryllium. It also presents the Grüneisen parameter calibration for HCP beryllium and includes graphs illustrating the Grüneisen parameter surface and non-dimensional thermodynamic space. The online versions of the article were corrected on October 23, 2023. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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63. Shock to detonation transition of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) initially pressed to 1.65 g/cm3.

Author

Aslam, Tariq D., Bolme, Cynthia A., Ramos, Kyle J., Cawkwell, Marc J., Ticknor, Christopher, Price, Matthew A., Leiding, Jeffery A., Sanchez, Nathaniel J., and Andrews, Stephen A.

Subjects
*PENTAERYTHRITOL tetranitrate, *REACTIVE flow, *EQUATIONS of state, *BIOCHEMICAL substrates
Abstract

A novel set of experiments and reactive flow modeling of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is presented. Here, the specific phenomenon of shock to detonation transition is examined, where an initial, relatively weak shock is propagated into pressed PETN powder at 1.65 g/cm 3 and the subsequent buildup to detonation is observed experimentally. These experiments, in conjunction with reactant and products' equations of state, are utilized for building reactive flow models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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68. Diabetic Macular Edema and Diode Subthreshold Micropulse Laser

Author

Lois, Noemi, primary, Campbell, Christina, additional, Waugh, Norman, additional, Azuara-Blanco, Augusto, additional, Maredza, Mandy, additional, Mistry, Hema, additional, McAuley, Danny, additional, Acharya, Nachiketa, additional, Aslam, Tariq M., additional, Bailey, Clare, additional, Chong, Victor, additional, Downey, Louise, additional, Eleftheriadis, Haralabos, additional, Fatum, Samia, additional, George, Sheena, additional, Ghanchi, Faruque, additional, Groppe, Markus, additional, Hamilton, Robin, additional, Menon, Geeta, additional, Saad, Ahmed, additional, Sivaprasad, Sobha, additional, Shiew, Marianne, additional, Steel, David H., additional, Talks, James Stephen, additional, Doherty, Paul, additional, McDowell, Cliona, additional, and Clarke, Mike, additional

Published
2023
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69. Evaluation of Objective Vitritis Grading Method Using Optical Coherence Tomography: Influence of Phakic Status and Previous Vitrectomy

Author

Adán, Alfredo, Aslam, Tariq, Denniston, Alastair K., Dick, Andrew D., Karampelas, Michael, Keane, Pearse A., Lee, Richard W., Murray, Philip I., Nussenblatt, Robert B., Pavesio, Carlos E., Sadda, Srinivas R., Sen, H. Nida, Sim, Dawn A., Tufail, Adnan, Zarranz-Ventura, Javier, Llorens, Victor, Pavesio, Carlos, and Adan, Alfredo

Published
2016
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70. Diabetic macular edema and diode subthreshold micropulse laser: A randomized double-masked noninferiority clinical trial

Author

Lois, Noemi, Campbell, Christina, Waugh, Norman, Azuara-Blanco, Augusto, Maredza, Mandy, Mistry, Hema, McAuley, Danny, Acharya, Nachiketa, Aslam, Tariq M., Bailey, Clare, Chong, Victor, Downey, Louise, Eleftheriadis, Haralabos, Fatum, Samia, George, Sheena, Ghanchi, Faruque, Groppe, Markus, Hamilton, Robin, Menon, Geeta, Saad, Ahmed, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Shiew, Marianne, Steel, David H., Talks, James Stephen, Doherty, Paul, McDowell, Cliona, and Clarke, Mike

Subjects
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Abstract

PurposeTo determine clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML), compared with standard laser (SL), for diabetic macular edema (DME) with central retinal thickness (CRT) < 400 μm.DesignPragmatic, multicenter, allocation-concealed, double-masked, randomized, noninferiority trial.ParticipantsAdults with center-involved DME < 400 μm and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of > 24 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters in one/both eyes.MethodsRandomization 1:1 to 577 nm SML or SL treatment. Retreatments were allowed. Rescue with intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapies or steroids was permitted if 10 or more ETDRS letter loss occurred, CRT increased > 400 μm, or both.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary outcome was mean change in BCVA in the study eye at 24 months (noninferiority margin 5 ETDRS letters). Secondary outcomes were mean change from baseline to month 24 in binocular BCVA; CRT and mean deviation of Humphrey 10-2 visual field in the study eye; percentage meeting driving standards; EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L, 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), and Vision and Quality of Life Index (VisQoL) scores; cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained; adverse effects; and number of laser and rescue treatments.ResultsThe study recruited fully (n = 266); 87% of SML-treated and 86% of SL-treated patients had primary outcome data. Mean ± standard deviation BCVA change from baseline to month 24 was –2.43 ± 8.20 letters and –0.45 ± 6.72 letters in the SML and SL groups, respectively. Subthreshold micropulse laser therapy was deemed not only noninferior but also equivalent to SL therapy because the 95% confidence interval (CI; –3.9 to –0.04 letters) lay wholly within both upper and lower margins of the permitted maximum difference (5 ETDRS letters). No statistically significant difference was found in binocular BCVA (0.32 ETDRS letters; 95% CI, –0.99 to 1.64 ETDRS letters; P = 0.63); CRT (–0.64 μm; 95% CI, –14.25 to 12.98 μm; P = 0.93); mean deviation of the visual field (0.39 decibels (dB); 95% CI, –0.23 to 1.02 dB; P = 0.21); meeting driving standards (percentage point difference, 1.6%; 95% CI, –25.3% to 28.5%; P = 0.91); adverse effects (risk ratio, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.06–1.34; P = 0.11); rescue treatments (percentage point difference, –2.8%; 95% CI, –13.1% to 7.5%; P = 0.59); or EQ-5D, NEI-VFQ-25, or VisQoL scores. Number of laser treatments was higher in the SML group (0.48; 95% CI, 0.18–0.79; P = 0.002). Base-case analysis indicated no differences in costs or QALYs.ConclusionsSubthreshold micropulse laser therapy was equivalent to SL therapy, requiring slightly higher laser treatments.

Published
2023

71. Additional file 1 of Biomarkers of macular neovascularisation activity using optical coherence tomography angiography in treated stable neovascular age related macular degeneration

Author

Hanumunthadu, Daren, Saleh, Azahir, Florea, Daniela, Balaskas, Konstantinos, Keane, Pearse A, Aslam, Tariq, and Patel, Praveen J.

Abstract

Additional file 1: DANA Study OCT-A Grading Protocol (Moorfields Ophthalmic Reading Centre). Study Reading Protocol for analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging of eyes including detection of artefacts (projection, motion, segmentation), analysis of neovascularization blood flow and total lesion size, and description of morphology (maturity, phenotype and vascular branching).

Published
2023
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73. Verification and Validation of High Explosive Reactive Burn Models Implemented in LANL's EAP and LAP Code Base

Author

Andrews, Stephen, primary, Aslam, Tariq, additional, Coleman, Adam, additional, Ferguson, Jim, additional, Gibbs, John, additional, Grove, John, additional, Hickmann, Kyle, additional, Holland, Troy, additional, Koskelo, Aaron, additional, Menikoff, Ralph, additional, Price, Matthew, additional, Srinivasan, Gowri, additional, Steinkamp, Michael, additional, Thrussell, Jessica, additional, Van Buren, Kendra, additional, and Vandenkieboom, John, additional

Published
2020
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74. Verification and Validation of High Explosive Reactive Burn Models Implemented in LANL's EAP and LAP Code Base (FY2020 L2 Milestone MRT 7129) [Slides]

Author

Andrews, Stephen, primary, Aslam, Tariq, additional, Coleman, Adam, additional, Ferguson, Jim, additional, Gibbs, John, additional, Grove, John, additional, Hickmann, Kyle, additional, Holland, Troy, additional, Koskelo, Aaron, additional, Menikoff, Ralph, additional, Price, Matthew, additional, Srinivasan, Gowri, additional, Steinkamp, Michael, additional, Thrussell, Jessica, additional, Van Buren, Kendra, additional, and Vandenkieboom, John, additional

Published
2020
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77. Diabetic macular oedema and diode subthreshold micropulse laser (DIAMONDS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Author

Lois, Noemi, Gardner, Evie, Waugh, Norman, Azuara-Blanco, Augusto, Mistry, Hema, McAuley, Danny, Acharya, Nachiketa, Aslam, Tariq M., Bailey, Clare, Chong, Victor, Downey, Louise, Eleftheriadis, Haralabos, Fatum, Samia, George, Sheena, Ghanchi, Faruque, Groppe, Markus, Hamilton, Robin, Menon, Geeta, Saad, Ahmed, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Shiew, Marianne, Steel, David H., Talks, James Stephen, Adams, Catherine, Campbell, Christina, Mills, Matthew, Clarke, Mike, and On behalf of the DIAMONDS Study Group

Published
2019
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78. Current status and practical considerations of artificial intelligence use in screening and diagnosing retinal diseases: Vision Academy retinal expert consensus.

Author

Yu-Bai Chou, Kale, Aditya U., Lanzetta, Paolo, Aslam, Tariq, Barratt, Jane, Danese, Carla, Eldem, Bora, Eter, Nicole, Gale, Richard, Korobelnik, Jean-François, Kozak, Igor, Xiaorong Li, Xiaoxin Li, Loewenstein, Anat, Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan, Taiji Sakamoto, Ting, Daniel S. W., van Wijngaarden, Peter, Waldstein, Sebastian M., and Wong, David

Published
2023
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82. Standard threshold laser versus subthreshold micropulse laser for adults with diabetic macular oedema: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT

Author

Lois, Noemi, primary, Campbell, Christina, additional, Waugh, Norman, additional, Azuara-Blanco, Augusto, additional, Maredza, Mandy, additional, Mistry, Hema, additional, McAuley, Danny, additional, Acharya, Nachiketa, additional, Aslam, Tariq M, additional, Bailey, Clare, additional, Chong, Victor, additional, Downey, Louise, additional, Eleftheriadis, Haralabos, additional, Fatum, Samia, additional, George, Sheena, additional, Ghanchi, Faruque, additional, Groppe, Markus, additional, Hamilton, Robin, additional, Menon, Geeta, additional, Saad, Ahmed, additional, Sivaprasad, Sobha, additional, Shiew, Marianne, additional, Steel, David H, additional, Talks, James Stephen, additional, Doherty, Paul, additional, McDowell, Clíona, additional, and Clarke, Mike, additional

Published
2022
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83. The Association of Alcohol Consumption with Glaucoma and Related Traits

Author

Stuart, Kelsey V., primary, Luben, Robert N., additional, Warwick, Alasdair N., additional, Madjedi, Kian M., additional, Patel, Praveen J., additional, Biradar, Mahantesh I., additional, Sun, Zihan, additional, Chia, Mark A., additional, Pasquale, Louis R., additional, Wiggs, Janey L., additional, Kang, Jae H., additional, Kim, Jihye, additional, Aschard, Hugues, additional, Tran, Jessica H., additional, Lentjes, Marleen A.H., additional, Foster, Paul J., additional, Khawaja, Anthony P., additional, Chia, Mark, additional, Chua, Sharon, additional, Do, Ron, additional, Foster, Paul, additional, Kang, Jae, additional, Kastner, Alan, additional, Khawaja, Anthony, additional, Lentjes, Marleen, additional, Luben, Robert, additional, Madjedi, Kian, additional, Montesano, Giovanni, additional, Pasquale, Louis, additional, Stuart, Kelsey, additional, Warwick, Alasdair, additional, Wiggs, Janey, additional, Allen, Naomi, additional, Aslam, Tariq, additional, Atan, Denize, additional, Barman, Sarah, additional, Barrett, Jenny, additional, Bishop, Paul, additional, Black, Graeme, additional, Braithwaite, Tasanee, additional, Carare, Roxana, additional, Chakravarthy, Usha, additional, Chan, Michelle, additional, Day, Alexander, additional, Desai, Parul, additional, Dhillon, Bal, additional, Dick, Andrew, additional, Doney, Alexander, additional, Egan, Cathy, additional, Ennis, Sarah, additional, Fruttiger, Marcus, additional, Gallacher, John, additional, Garway-Heath, David (Ted), additional, Gibson, Jane, additional, Guggenheim, Jeremy, additional, Hammond, Chris, additional, Hardcastle, Alison, additional, Harding, Simon, additional, Hogg, Ruth, additional, Hysi, Pirro, additional, Keane, Pearse, additional, Khaw, Peng Tee, additional, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, additional, Littlejohns, Thomas, additional, Lotery, Andrew, additional, Luthert, Phil, additional, MacGillivray, Tom, additional, Mackie, Sarah, additional, McGuinness, Bernadette, additional, McKay, Gareth, additional, McKibbin, Martin, additional, Moore, Tony, additional, Morgan, James, additional, O'Sullivan, Eoin, additional, Oram, Richard, additional, Owen, Chris, additional, Patel, Praveen, additional, Paterson, Euan, additional, Peto, Tunde, additional, Petzold, Axel, additional, Pontikos, Nikolas, additional, Rahi, Jugnoo, additional, Rudnicka, Alicja, additional, Sattar, Naveed, additional, Self, Jay, additional, Sergouniotis, Panagiotis, additional, Sivaprasad, Sobha, additional, Steel, David, additional, Stratton, Irene, additional, Strouthidis, Nicholas, additional, Sudlow, Cathie, additional, Tapp, Robyn, additional, Thomas, Dhanes, additional, Trucco, Emanuele, additional, Tufail, Adnan, additional, Viswanathan, Ananth, additional, Vitart, Veronique, additional, Weedon, Mike, additional, Williams, Katie, additional, Williams, Cathy, additional, Woodside, Jayne, additional, Yates, Max, additional, Yip, Jennifer, additional, Zheng, Yalin, additional, Aung, Tin, additional, Burdon, Kathryn, additional, Chen, Li, additional, Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional, Craig, Jamie, additional, Cree, Angela, additional, de Vries, Victor, additional, Driessen, Sjoerd, additional, Fingert, John, additional, Gharahkhani, Puya, additional, Hammond, Christopher, additional, Hayward, Caroline, additional, Hewitt, Alex, additional, Jansonius, Nomdo, additional, Jonansson, Fridbert, additional, Jonas, Jost, additional, Kass, Michael, additional, Khor, Chiea, additional, Klaver, Caroline, additional, Koh, Jacyline, additional, MacGregor, Stuart, additional, Mackey, David, additional, Mitchell, Paul, additional, Pang, Calvin, additional, Pasutto, Francesca, additional, Pfeiffer, Norbert, additional, Polašek, Ozren, additional, Ramdas, Wishal, additional, Schuster, Alexander, additional, Segrè, Ayellet, additional, Stefansson, Einer, additional, Stefánsson, Kári, additional, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, additional, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, additional, van Duijn, Cornelia, additional, Vergroesen, Joëlle, additional, Vithana, Eranga, additional, Wilson, James, additional, Wojciechowski, Robert, additional, Wong, Tien, additional, and Young, Terri, additional

Published
2022
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86. The association of alcohol consumption with glaucoma and related traits: Findings from the UK Biobank

Author

Stuart, Kelsey, Luben, Robert N., Warwick, Alasdair N., Madjedi, Kian, Patel, Praveen J., Biradar, Mahantesh I., Sun, Zihan, Chia, Mark, Pasquale, Louis, Wiggs, Janey, Kang, Jae H., Kim, Jihye, Aschard, Hugues, Tran, Jessica H., Lentjes, Marleen, Foster, Paul J., Khawaja, Anthony, Chua, Sharon, Do, Ron, Foster, Paul, Kang, Jae, Kastner, Alan, Luben, Robert, Montesano, Giovanni, Warwick, Alasdair, Allen, Naomi, Aslam, Tariq, Atan, Denize, Barman, Sarah, Barrett, Jenny, Bishop, Paul, Black, Graeme, Carare, Roxana, Ennis, Sarah, Gibson, Jane, Lotery, Andrew, Morgan, James, Self, Jay, Stratton, Irene, Chen, Li, Cheng, Ching Yu, Cree, Angela, and Wilson, James

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the associations of alcohol consumption with glaucoma and related traits, to assess whether a genetic predisposition to glaucoma modified these associations, and to perform Mendelian randomization (MR) experiments to probe causal effects. Design: Cross-sectional observational and gene–environment interaction analyses in the UK Biobank. Two-sample MR experiments using summary statistics from large genetic consortia. Participants: UK Biobank participants with data on intraocular pressure (IOP) (n = 109 097), OCT-derived macular inner retinal layer thickness measures (n = 46 236) and glaucoma status (n = 173 407). Methods: Participants were categorized according to self-reported drinking behaviors. Quantitative estimates of alcohol intake were derived from touchscreen questionnaires and food composition tables. We performed a 2-step analysis, first comparing categories of alcohol consumption (never, infrequent, regular, and former drinkers) before assessing for a dose-response effect in regular drinkers only. Multivariable linear, logistic, and restricted cubic spline regression, adjusted for key sociodemographic, medical, anthropometric, and lifestyle factors, were used to examine associations. We assessed whether any association was modified by a multitrait glaucoma polygenic risk score. The inverse-variance weighted method was used for the main MR analyses. Main Outcome Measures: Intraocular pressure, macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) thickness, and prevalent glaucoma. Results: Compared with infrequent drinkers, regular drinkers had higher IOP (+0.17 mmHg; P < 0.001) and thinner mGCIPL (-0.17 μm; P = 0.049), whereas former drinkers had a higher prevalence of glaucoma (odds ratio, 1.53; P = 0.002). In regular drinkers, alcohol intake was adversely associated with all outcomes in a dose-dependent manner (all P < 0.001). Restricted cubic spline regression analyses suggested nonlinear associations, with apparent threshold effects at approximately 50 g (∼6 UK or 4 US alcoholic units)/week for mRNFL and mGCIPL thickness. Significantly stronger alcohol–IOP associations were observed in participants at higher genetic susceptibility to glaucoma (Pinteraction < 0.001). Mendelian randomization analyses provided evidence for a causal association with mGCIPL thickness. Conclusions: Alcohol intake was consistently and adversely associated with glaucoma and related traits, and at levels below current United Kingdom (< 112 g/week) and United States (women, < 98 g/week; men, < 196 g/week) guidelines. Although we cannot infer causality definitively, these results will be of interest to people with or at risk of glaucoma and their advising physicians. Financial Disclosure(s): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

Published
2022

87. Standard threshold laser versus subthreshold micropulse laser for adults with diabetic macular oedema: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT: the DIAMONDS non-inferiority RCT

Author

Lois, Noemi, Campbell, Christina, Waugh, Norman, Azuara-Blanco, Augusto, Maredza, Mandy, Mistry, Hema, McAuley, Danny, Acharya, Nachiketa, Aslam, Tariq M, Bailey, Clare, Chong, Victor, Downey, Louise, Eleftheriadis, Haralabos, Fatum, Samia, George, Sheena, Ghanchi, Faruque, Groppe, Markus, Hamilton, Robin, Menon, Geeta, Saad, Ahmed, Sivaprasad, Sobha, Shiew, Marianne, Steel, David H, Talks, James Stephen, Doherty, Paul, McDowell, Clíona, and Clarke, Mike

Subjects
Adult, Macular Edema/surgery, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Lasers, Quality of Life, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Laser Coagulation/adverse effects, Diabetic Retinopathy/surgery, Ranibizumab/adverse effects, Endothelial Growth Factors/therapeutic use, Bevacizumab/adverse effects
Abstract

BackgroundThe National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends macular laser to treat diabetic macular oedema with a central retinal subfield thickness of ObjectivesDetermining the clinical effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of subthreshold micropulse laser compared with standard threshold macular laser to treat diabetic macular oedema with a central retinal subfield thickness of DesignA pragmatic, multicentre, allocation-concealed, double-masked, randomised, non-inferiority, clinical trial.SettingHospital eye services in the UK.ParticipantsAdults with diabetes and centre-involving diabetic macular oedema with a central retinal subfield thickness of 24 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters (Snellen equivalent > 20/320) in one/both eyes.InterventionsParticipants were randomised 1 : 1 to receive 577 nm subthreshold micropulse laser or standard threshold macular laser (e.g. argon laser, frequency-doubled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet 532 nm laser); laser treatments could be repeated as needed. Rescue therapy with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies or steroids was allowed if a loss of ≥ 10 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters between visits occurred and/or central retinal subfield thickness increased to > 400 µm.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity in the study eye at 24 months (non-inferiority margin 5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters). Secondary outcomes included the mean change from baseline to 24 months in the following: binocular best-corrected visual acuity; central retinal subfield thickness; the mean deviation of the Humphrey 10–2 visual field in the study eye; the percentage of people meeting driving standards; and the EuroQol-5 Dimensions, five-level version, National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire – 25 and Vision and Quality of Life Index scores. Other secondary outcomes were the cost per quality-adjusted life-years gained, adverse effects, number of laser treatments and additional rescue treatments.ResultsThe DIAMONDS trial recruited fully (n = 266); 87% of participants in the subthreshold micropulse laser group and 86% of participants in the standard threshold macular laser group had primary outcome data. Groups were balanced regarding baseline characteristics. Mean best-corrected visual acuity change in the study eye from baseline to month 24 was –2.43 letters (standard deviation 8.20 letters) in the subthreshold micropulse laser group and –0.45 letters (standard deviation 6.72 letters) in the standard threshold macular laser group. Subthreshold micropulse laser was deemed to be not only non-inferior but also equivalent to standard threshold macular laser as the 95% confidence interval (–3.9 to –0.04 letters) lay wholly within both the upper and lower margins of the permitted maximum difference (5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in any of the secondary outcomes investigated with the exception of the number of laser treatments performed, which was slightly higher in the subthreshold micropulse laser group (mean difference 0.48, 95% confidence interval 0.18 to 0.79; p = 0.002). Base-case analysis indicated no significant difference in the cost per quality-adjusted life-years between groups.Future workA trial in people with ≥ 400 µm diabetic macular oedema comparing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy alone with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and macular laser applied at the time when central retinal subfield thickness has decreased to LimitationsThe majority of participants enrolled had poorly controlled diabetes.ConclusionsSubthreshold micropulse laser was equivalent to standard threshold macular laser but required a slightly higher number of laser treatments.

Published
2022

90. The Association between Serum Lipids and Intraocular Pressure in 2 Large United Kingdom Cohorts

Author

Madjedi, Kian M., primary, Stuart, Kelsey V., additional, Chua, Sharon Y.L., additional, Luben, Robert N., additional, Warwick, Alasdair, additional, Pasquale, Louis R., additional, Kang, Jae H., additional, Wiggs, Janey L., additional, Lentjes, Marleen A.H., additional, Aschard, Hugues, additional, Sattar, Naveed, additional, Foster, Paul J., additional, Khawaja, Anthony P., additional, Chia, Mark, additional, Do, Ron, additional, Kastner, Alan, additional, Kim, Jihye, additional, Montesano, Giovanni, additional, Atan, Denize, additional, Aslam, Tariq, additional, Barman, Sarah A., additional, Barrett, Jenny H., additional, Bishop, Paul, additional, Blows, Peter, additional, Bunce, Catey, additional, Carare, Roxana O., additional, Chakravarthy, Usha, additional, Chan, Michelle, additional, Crabb, David P., additional, Cumberland, Philippa M., additional, Day, Alexander, additional, Desai, Parul, additional, Dhillon, Bal, additional, Dick, Andrew D., additional, Egan, Cathy, additional, Ennis, Sarah, additional, Foster, Paul, additional, Fruttiger, Marcus, additional, Gallacher, John E.J., additional, Garway-Heath, David F., additional, Gibson, Jane, additional, Gore, Dan, additional, Guggenheim, Jeremy A., additional, Hammond, Chris J., additional, Hardcastle, Alison, additional, Harding, Simon P., additional, Hogg, Ruth E., additional, Hysi, Pirro, additional, Keane, Pearse A., additional, Khaw, Sir Peng T., additional, Lascaratos, Gerassimos, additional, Lotery, Andrew J., additional, Macgillivray, Tom, additional, Mackie, Sarah, additional, Martin, Keith, additional, McGaughey, Michelle, additional, McGuinness, Bernadette, additional, McKay, Gareth J., additional, McKibbin, Martin, additional, Mitry, Danny, additional, Moore, Tony, additional, Morgan, James E., additional, Muthy, Zaynah A., additional, O’Sullivan, Eoin, additional, Owen, Chris G., additional, Patel, Praveen, additional, Paterson, Euan, additional, Peto, Tunde, additional, Petzold, Axel, additional, Rahi, Jugnoo S., additional, Rudnikca, Alicja R., additional, Self, Jay, additional, Sivaprasad, Sobha, additional, Steel, David, additional, Stratton, Irene, additional, Strouthidis, Nicholas, additional, Sudlow, Cathie, additional, Thomas, Dhanes, additional, Trucco, Emanuele, additional, Tufail, Adnan, additional, Vitart, Veronique, additional, Vernon, Stephen A., additional, Viswanathan, Ananth C., additional, Williams, Cathy, additional, Williams, Katie, additional, Woodside, Jayne V., additional, Yates, MaxM., additional, Yip, Jennifer, additional, and Zheng, Yalin, additional

Published
2022
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94. The management of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration: A systematic literature review of patient‐reported outcomes, patient mental health and caregiver burden

Author

Gale, Richard P., primary, Finger, Robert P., additional, Eldem, Bora, additional, Aslam, Tariq, additional, Barratt, Jane, additional, Daien, Vincent, additional, Kodjikian, Laurent, additional, Loewenstein, Anat, additional, Okada, Mali, additional, Wong, Tien Yin, additional, Sylvanowicz, Michelle, additional, and Rodríguez, Francisco J., additional

Published
2022
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99. A Screening Tool for Self-Evaluation of Risk for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Validation in a Spanish Population

Author

García-Layana, Alfredo, primary, López-Gálvez, Maribel, additional, García-Arumí, José, additional, Arias, Luis, additional, Gea-Sánchez, Alfredo, additional, Marín-Méndez, Juan J., additional, Sayar-Beristain, Onintza, additional, Sedano-Gil, Germán, additional, Aslam, Tariq M., additional, Minnella, Angelo M., additional, Ibáñez, Isabel López, additional, de Dios Hernández, José M., additional, and Seddon, Johanna M., additional

Published
2022
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100. The management of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration: A systematic literature review of patient‐reported outcomes, patient mental health and caregiver burden.

Author

Gale, Richard P., Finger, Robert P., Eldem, Bora, Aslam, Tariq, Barratt, Jane, Daien, Vincent, Kodjikian, Laurent, Loewenstein, Anat, Okada, Mali, Wong, Tien Yin, Sylvanowicz, Michelle, and Rodríguez, Francisco J.

Subjects
MACULAR degeneration, BURDEN of care, PATIENT reported outcome measures, MENTAL health, ENDOTHELIAL growth factors, SERVICES for caregivers, MAYER-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome, POLYPOIDAL choroidal vasculopathy
Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this systematic literature review was to describe patient‐reported outcomes, mental health and caregiver burden in patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents in routine clinical practice. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in Embase and MEDLINE according to pre‐defined criteria. Results: Of 856 records identified, 63 met inclusion criteria. Depression or depressive symptoms were reported in up to 42% of patients with nAMD. Of 25/63 (40%) studies evaluating quality of life (QoL) and using various tools, eight studies reported composite National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire scores following anti‐VEGF treatment. Of these, seven reported a statistically significant improvement at the earliest time point measured (Month 3–12) and approximately 50% reported sustained QoL benefits at 12 months. In studies comparing the attributed or different regimens, the most important factor from the patient's perspective was the likelihood that a particular regimen would maintain vision. There was a preference towards treat and extend, which was associated with a perceived reduction in patient and caregiver burden, compared to fixed dosing. Conclusions: A coordinated holistic approach to patient care is key to optimizing patient well‐being as well as visual outcomes. Further research regarding the patient‐reported impact of nAMD management outside the trial setting (particularly international longitudinal studies) is warranted. Standardization of QoL studies would assist in establishing whether sustained QoL improvement, rather than prevention of QoL decline, should be a realistic expectation of treatment of nAMD in the longer term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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