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51. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines on end of life and palliative care in the intensive care unit

Author

Kesecioglu, Jozef, Rusinova, Katerina, Alampi, Daniela, Arabi, Yaseen M., Benbenishty, Julie, Benoit, Dominique, Boulanger, Carole, Cecconi, Maurizio, Cox, Christopher, van Dam, Marjel, van Dijk, Diederik, Downar, James, Efstathiou, Nikolas, Endacott, Ruth, Galazzi, Alessandro, van Gelder, Fiona, Gerritsen, Rik T., Girbes, Armand, Hawyrluck, Laura, Herridge, Margaret, Hudec, Jan, Kentish-Barnes, Nancy, Kerckhoffs, Monika, Latour, Jos M., Malaska, Jan, Marra, Annachiara, Meddick-Dyson, Stephanie, Mentzelopoulos, Spyridon, Mer, Mervyn, Metaxa, Victoria, Michalsen, Andrej, Mishra, Rajesh, Mistraletti, Giovanni, van Mol, Margo, Moreno, Rui, Nelson, Judith, Suñer, Andrea Ortiz, Pattison, Natalie, Prokopova, Tereza, Puntillo, Kathleen, Puxty, Kathryn, Qahtani, Samah Al, Radbruch, Lukas, Rodriguez-Ruiz, Emilio, Sabar, Ron, Schaller, Stefan J., Siddiqui, Shahla, Sprung, Charles L., Umbrello, Michele, Vergano, Marco, Zambon, Massimo, Zegers, Marieke, Darmon, Michael, and Azoulay, Elie

Published
2024
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52. The impact of the massive open online course C19_SPACE during the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical knowledge enhancement: a study among medical doctors and nurses

Author

Cecconi, Maurizio, Barth, Anita, Szőllősi, Gergő József, Istrate, Gizella Melania, Alexandre, Joel, Duska, Frantisek, Schaller, Stefan J., Boulanger, Carole, Mellinghoff, Johannes, Waldauf, Peter, Girbes, Armand R. J., Derde, Lennie, De Waele, Jan J., Azoulay, Elie, and Kesecioglu, Jozef

Published
2024
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58. Patients with complex and very-early-onset ATL1-related spastic paraplegia offer insights on genotype/phenotype correlations and support for autosomal recessive forms of SPG3A

Author

Hamamie-Chaar, Angélique, Renaud, Mathilde, Gençpinar, Pinar, Bruel, Ange-Line, Philippe, Christophe, Maraval, Julien, Racine, Caroline, Hadouiri, Nawale, Lambert, Laetitia, Schmitt, Emmanuelle, Banneau, Guillaume, Hocquel, Armand, Thauvin-Robinet, Christel, Faivre, Laurence, and Thomas, Quentin

Published
2024
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59. Untargeted accurate identification of highly pathogenic bacteria directly from blood culture flasks

Author

Erwin M. Berendsen, Evgeni Levin, René Braakman, Andrei Prodan, Hans C. van Leeuwen, and Armand Paauw

Subjects
Blood stream infection, Identification, Pathogens, Mass spectrometry, Proteome, Proteomics, Microbiology, QR1-502, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

To improve the preparedness against exposure to highly pathogenic bacteria and to anticipate the wide variety of bacteria that can cause bloodstream infections (BSIs), a safe, unbiased and highly accurate identification method was developed. Our liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS)-based method can identify highly pathogenic bacteria, their near-neighbors and bacteria that are common causes of BSIs directly from positive blood culture flasks. The developed Peptide-Based Microbe Detection Engine (http://proteome2pathogen.com) relies on a two-step workflow: a genus-level search followed by a species-level search. This strategy enables the rapid identification of microorganisms based on the analyzed proteome. This method was successfully used to identify strains of Bacillus anthracis, Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei, Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis and closely related species from simulated blood culture flasks. This newly developed LC–MS/MS method is a safe and rapid method for accurately identifying bacteria directly from positive blood culture flasks.

Published
2020
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61. Isotopic Evidence for Disrupted Copper Metabolism in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Author

Lucie Sauzéat, Emilien Bernard, Armand Perret-Liaudet, Isabelle Quadrio, Alain Vighetto, Pierre Krolak-Salmon, Emmanuel Broussolle, Pascal Leblanc, and Vincent Balter

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Summary: Redox-active metals are thought to be implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To address this point, we measured the concentrations of 12 elements and, for the first time, the stable isotope compositions of copper (redox-active) and zinc (redox-inactive) in human cerebrospinal fluids of 31 patients with ALS, 11 age-matched controls (CTRL), and 14 patients with Alzheimer disease. We first show that metal concentrations weakly discriminate patients with ALS from the two other groups. We then report that zinc isotopic compositions are similar in the three groups, but that patients with ALS have significantly 65copper-enriched isotopic compositions relative to CTRL and patients with AD. This result unambiguously demonstrates that copper is implicated in ALS. We suggest that this copper isotopic signature may result from abnormal protein aggregation in the brain parenchyma, and propose that isotopic analysis is a potential tool that may help unraveling the molecular mechanisms at work in ALS. : Nuclear Medicine; Isotope Chemistry; Neuroscience; Clinical Neuroscience Subject Areas: Nuclear Medicine, Isotope Chemistry, Neuroscience, Clinical Neuroscience

Published
2018
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62. White paper by the Society for CSF Analysis and Clinical Neurochemistry: Overcoming barriers in biomarker development and clinical translation

Author

Charlotte E. Teunissen, Markus Otto, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Sanna-Kaisa Herukka, Sylvain Lehmann, Piotr Lewczuk, Alberto Lleó, Armand Perret-Liaudet, Hayrettin Tumani, Martin R. Turner, Marcel M. Verbeek, Jens Wiltfang, Henrik Zetterberg, Lucilla Parnetti, and Kaj Blennow

Subjects
Society, Education Biomarkers, Neurology, Cerebrospinal fluid, Body fluids, Biomarker discovery, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Body fluid biomarkers have great potential for different clinical purposes, including diagnosis, prognosis, patient stratification and treatment effect monitoring. This is exemplified by current use of several excellent biomarkers, such as the Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, anti-neuromyelitis optica antibodies and blood neurofilament light. We still, however, have a strong need for additional biomarkers and several gaps in their development and implementation should be filled. Examples of such gaps are i) limited knowledge of the causes of neurological diseases, and thus hypotheses about the best biomarkers to detect subclinical stages of these diseases; ii) the limited success translating discoveries obtained by e.g. initial mass spectrometry proteomic low-throughput studies into immunoassays for widespread clinical implementation; iii) lack of interaction among all stakeholders to optimise and adapt study designs throughout the biomarker development process to medical needs, which may change during the long period needed for biomarker development. The Society for CSF Analysis and Clinical Neurochemistry (established in 2015) has been founded as a concerted follow-up of large standardisation projects, including BIOMARKAPD and SOPHIA, and the BioMS-consortium. The main aims of the CSF society are to exchange high level international scientific experience, to facilitate the incorporation of CSF diagnostics into clinical practice and to give advice on inclusion of CSF analysis into clinical guidelines. The society has a broad scope, as its vision is that the gaps in development and implementation of biomarkers are shared among almost all neurological diseases and thus they can benefit from the activities of the society.

Published
2018
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63. The effect of feeding restriction with cassava flour on carcass composition of broilers

Author

Youssouf Toukourou, Dassouki Sidi Issifou, Ibrahim Traore Alkoiret, Armand Paraïso, and Guy Appolinaire Mensah

Subjects
broiler, cassava flour, carcass productivity, compensatory growth, Agriculture
Abstract

In order to promote poultry farming in resource-limited rural areas, the effects of feeding restriction with cassava flour on the carcass composition of broilers was studied. After three weeks on a restrictive diet (step 1), the broilers were re-fed during four weeks according to their physiological needs (step 2). In total, 75 four-weeks old chicks were randomly divided into three lots of 25 subjects. Lot I (control) is fed without cassava flour. The lots II and III are fed with diets containing respectively 10 and 30 % of cassava flour, with energetic and protein density of 85 and 70 % of the control. Eight broilers of each lot have been randomly selected and slaughtered at the end of each step. At the end of the restrictive step, the carcass yields and the weights of the digestive tracts are 67.1, 66.3, and 64.7 % and 178.5, 170.0, and 113.3 g respectively for the lots I, II, and III with a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between lot I and III and then between lots II and III. After 4 weeks of re-feeding, the lots I, II, and III had respectively 69.9, 73.2, and 67.7 % of carcass yield as well as digestive tract weights of 178.3, 180.8, and 156.0 g. The carcass yield had been entirely made up (p ≥ 0.05) to the broilers previously submitted on a restrictive diet. However, the weight of the empty cold carcass was not fully compensated (p ≤ 0.05).

Published
2017

64. Chitchat as Interference: Adding User Backstories to Task-Oriented Dialogues

Author

Stricker, Armand and Paroubek, Patrick

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

During task-oriented dialogues (TODs), human users naturally introduce chitchat that is beyond the immediate scope of the task, interfering with the flow of the conversation. To address this issue without the need for expensive manual data creation, we use few-shot prompting with Llama-2-70B to enhance the MultiWOZ dataset with user backstories, a typical example of chitchat interference in TODs. We assess the impact of this addition by testing two models: one trained solely on TODs and another trained on TODs with a preliminary chitchat interaction. Our analysis demonstrates that our enhanced dataset poses a challenge for these systems. Moreover, we demonstrate that our dataset can be effectively used for training purposes, enabling a system to consistently acknowledge the user's backstory while also successfully moving the task forward in the same turn, as confirmed by human evaluation. These findings highlight the benefits of generating novel chitchat-TOD scenarios to test TOD systems more thoroughly and improve their resilience to natural user interferences, Comment: Accepted @ LREC-COLING 2024

Published
2024

65. On the irreducibility and convergence of a class of nonsmooth nonlinear state-space models on manifolds

Author

Gissler, Armand, Durmus, Alain, and Auger, Anne

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics - Probability
Abstract

In this paper, we analyze a large class of general nonlinear state-space models on a state-space X, defined by the recursion $\phi_{k+1} = F(\phi_k,\alpha(\phi_k,U_{k+1}))$, $k \in\bN$, where $F,\alpha$ are some functions and $\{U_{k+1}\}_{k\in\bN}$ is a sequence of i.i.d. random variables. More precisely, we extend conditions under which this class of Markov chains is irreducible, aperiodic and satisfies important continuity properties, relaxing two key assumptions from prior works. First, the state-space X is supposed to be a smooth manifold instead of an open subset of a Euclidean space. Second, we only suppose that $F is locally Lipschitz continuous. We demonstrate the significance of our results through their application to Markov chains underlying optimization algorithms. These schemes belong to the class of evolution strategies with covariance matrix adaptation and step-size adaptation.

Published
2024

66. DeepTraderX: Challenging Conventional Trading Strategies with Deep Learning in Multi-Threaded Market Simulations

Author

Cismaru, Armand Mihai

Subjects
Quantitative Finance - Trading and Market Microstructure, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, I.2.6, J.1
Abstract

In this paper, we introduce DeepTraderX (DTX), a simple Deep Learning-based trader, and present results that demonstrate its performance in a multi-threaded market simulation. In a total of about 500 simulated market days, DTX has learned solely by watching the prices that other strategies produce. By doing this, it has successfully created a mapping from market data to quotes, either bid or ask orders, to place for an asset. Trained on historical Level-2 market data, i.e., the Limit Order Book (LOB) for specific tradable assets, DTX processes the market state $S$ at each timestep $T$ to determine a price $P$ for market orders. The market data used in both training and testing was generated from unique market schedules based on real historic stock market data. DTX was tested extensively against the best strategies in the literature, with its results validated by statistical analysis. Our findings underscore DTX's capability to rival, and in many instances, surpass, the performance of public-domain traders, including those that outclass human traders, emphasising the efficiency of simple models, as this is required to succeed in intricate multi-threaded simulations. This highlights the potential of leveraging "black-box" Deep Learning systems to create more efficient financial markets., Comment: 11 pages, 9 png figures, uses apalike.sty and SCITEPRESS.sty, to be published in the proceedings of ICAART 2024

Published
2024
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67. Quantized Approximately Orthogonal Recurrent Neural Networks

Author

Foucault, Armand, Mamalet, Franck, and Malgouyres, François

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Mathematics - Statistics Theory
Abstract

In recent years, Orthogonal Recurrent Neural Networks (ORNNs) have gained popularity due to their ability to manage tasks involving long-term dependencies, such as the copy-task, and their linear complexity. However, existing ORNNs utilize full precision weights and activations, which prevents their deployment on compact devices.In this paper, we explore the quantization of the weight matrices in ORNNs, leading to Quantized approximately Orthogonal RNNs (QORNNs). The construction of such networks remained an open problem, acknowledged for its inherent instability. We propose and investigate two strategies to learn QORNN by combining quantization-aware training (QAT) and orthogonal projections. We also study post-training quantization of the activations for pure integer computation of the recurrent loop. The most efficient models achieve results similar to state-of-the-art full-precision ORNN, LSTM and FastRNN on a variety of standard benchmarks, even with 4-bits quantization.

Published
2024

68. Effects of non-condensable gas on laser-induced cavitation bubbles

Author

Preso, Davide Bernardo, Fuster, Daniel, Sieber, Armand Baptiste, and Farhat, Mohamed

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

This study presents experimental observations of single laser-induced cavitation bubbles collapsing in water with different levels of air saturation. The average trends of the bubble size reveal a clear yet little dependence of the energy dissipation at collapse on the water gas content. Similarly, the observed trend of luminescence energy at collapse varies within the investigated range of air saturation levels, in agreement with findings in similar works. We argue that perturbations in bubble shape may amplify with decreasing air saturation, consequently affecting light emission.

Published
2024

69. Vapor compression and energy dissipation in a collapsing laser-induced bubble

Author

Preso, Davide Bernardo, Fuster, Daniel, Sieber, Armand Baptiste, Obreschkow, Danail, and Farhat, Mohamed

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

The composition of the gaseous phase of cavitation bubbles and its role on the collapse remains to date poorly understood. In this work, experiments of single cavitation bubbles in aqueous ammonia serve as a novel approach to investigate the effect of the vapor contained in a bubble on its collapse. We find that the higher vapor pressure of more concentrated aqueous ammonia acts as a resistance to the collapse, reducing the total energy dissipation. In line with visual observation, acoustic measurements, and luminescence recordings, it is also observed that higher vapor pressures contribute to a more spherical collapse, likely hindering the growth of interface instabilities by decreasing the collapse velocities and accelerations. Remarkably, we evidence a strong difference between the effective damping and the energy of the shock emission, suggesting that the latter is not the dominant dissipation mechanism at collapse as predicted from classical correction models accounting for slightly compressible liquids. Furthermore, our results suggest that the vapor inside collapsing bubbles gets compressed, consistently with previous studies performed in the context of single bubble sonoluminescence, addressing the question about the ability of vapors to readily condense during a bubble collapse in similar regimes. These findings provide insights into the identification of the influence of the bubble content and the energy exchanges of the bubble with its surrounding media, eventually paving the way to a more efficient use of cavitation in engineering and biomedical applications.

Published
2024
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70. A Unified Approach to Emotion Detection and Task-Oriented Dialogue Modeling

Author

Stricker, Armand and Paroubek, Patrick

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

In current text-based task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems, user emotion detection (ED) is often overlooked or is typically treated as a separate and independent task, requiring additional training. In contrast, our work demonstrates that seamlessly unifying ED and TOD modeling brings about mutual benefits, and is therefore an alternative to be considered. Our method consists in augmenting SimpleToD, an end-to-end TOD system, by extending belief state tracking to include ED, relying on a single language model. We evaluate our approach using GPT-2 and Llama-2 on the EmoWOZ benchmark, a version of MultiWOZ annotated with emotions. Our results reveal a general increase in performance for ED and task results. Our findings also indicate that user emotions provide useful contextual conditioning for system responses, and can be leveraged to further refine responses in terms of empathy., Comment: Accepted @ IWSDS 2024

Published
2024

71. Testing Hadronic-Model Predictions of Depth of Maximum of Air-Shower Profiles and Ground-Particle Signals using Hybrid Data of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Campuzano, F., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Sedoski, A., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We test the predictions of hadronic interaction models regarding the depth of maximum of air-shower profiles, $X_{max}$, and ground-particle signals in water-Cherenkov detectors at 1000 m from the shower core, $S(1000)$, using the data from the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The test consists in fitting the measured two-dimensional ($S(1000)$, $X_{max}$) distributions using templates for simulated air showers produced with hadronic interaction models EPOS-LHC, QGSJet II-04, Sibyll 2.3d and leaving the scales of predicted $X_{max}$ and the signals from hadronic component at ground as free fit parameters. The method relies on the assumption that the mass composition remains the same at all zenith angles, while the longitudinal shower development and attenuation of ground signal depend on the mass composition in a correlated way. The analysis was applied to 2239 events detected by both the fluorescence and surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory with energies between $10^{18.5}$ to $10^{19.0}$ eV and zenith angles below $60^\circ$. We found, that within the assumptions of the method, the best description of the data is achieved if the predictions of the hadronic interaction models are shifted to deeper $X_{max}$ values and larger hadronic signals at all zenith angles. Given the magnitude of the shifts and the data sample size, the statistical significance of the improvement of data description using the modifications considered in the paper is larger than $5\sigma$ even for any linear combination of experimental systematic uncertainties., Comment: Published version

Published
2024
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72. Asymptotic estimations of a perturbed symmetric eigenproblem

Author

Gissler, Armand, Auger, Anne, and Hansen, Nikolaus

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 15A42, 15B57
Abstract

We study ill-conditioned positive definite matrices that are disturbed by the sum of $m$ rank-one matrices of a specific form. We provide estimates for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. When the condition number of the initial matrix tends to infinity, we bound the values of the coordinates of the eigenvectors of the perturbed matrix. Equivalently, in the coordinate system where the initial matrix is diagonal, we bound the rate of convergence of coordinates that tend to zero.

Published
2024
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73. Metatranscriptomics sheds light on the links between the functional traits of fungal guilds and ecological processes in forest soil ecosystems

Author

Auer, Lucas, Buée, Marc, Fauchery, Laure, Lombard, Vincent, Barry, Kerry W, Clum, Alicia, Copeland, Alex, Daum, Chris, Foster, Brian, LaButti, Kurt, Singan, Vasanth, Yoshinaga, Yuko, Martineau, Christine, Alfaro, Manuel, Castillo, Federico J, Imbert, J Bosco, Ramírez, Lucia, Castanera, Raúl, Pisabarro, Antonio G, Finlay, Roger, Lindahl, Björn, Olson, Ake, Séguin, Armand, Kohler, Annegret, Henrissat, Bernard, Grigoriev, Igor V, and Martin, Francis M

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Genetics, Life on Land, Forests, Fungi, Soil Microbiology, Transcriptome, Mycorrhizae, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Nitrogen, Soil, Ecosystem, RNA, Messenger, forest soil, functional traits, fungal guilds, metatranscriptomics, organic matter degradation, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Plant Biology & Botany, Plant biology, Climate change impacts and adaptation, Ecological applications
Abstract

Soil fungi belonging to different functional guilds, such as saprotrophs, pathogens, and mycorrhizal symbionts, play key roles in forest ecosystems. To date, no study has compared the actual gene expression of these guilds in different forest soils. We used metatranscriptomics to study the competition for organic resources by these fungal groups in boreal, temperate, and Mediterranean forest soils. Using a dedicated mRNA annotation pipeline combined with the JGI MycoCosm database, we compared the transcripts of these three fungal guilds, targeting enzymes involved in C- and N mobilization from plant and microbial cell walls. Genes encoding enzymes involved in the degradation of plant cell walls were expressed at a higher level in saprotrophic fungi than in ectomycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi. However, ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi showed similarly high expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in fungal cell wall degradation. Transcripts for N-related transporters were more highly expressed in ectomycorrhizal fungi than in other groups. We showed that ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi compete for N in soil organic matter, suggesting that their interactions could decelerate C cycling. Metatranscriptomics provides a unique tool to test controversial ecological hypotheses and to better understand the underlying ecological processes involved in soil functioning and carbon stabilization.

Published
2024

74. Hangry Sea Anemones Takeover the Rocky Intertidal

Author

Tang, Ryan, Kaplan, Sophia, Vinas, Nicolas, Gupta, Simren, Ramamurthy, Sriram, and Kuris, Armand

Subjects
Sea anemones, rocky intertidal, spatial distribution, spatial competition, behavioral ecology, aggression, energetics, diet
Abstract

The rocky intertidal zone is a paradigmatic ecosystem found along the coastline where the land meets the sea. It holds a plethora of unique animals that fill various niches, creating an atmosphere of constant interactions among both biotic and abiotic factors. The intertidal sea anemone, Anthopleura sola, (A. sola) is dispersed throughout our coastline, making it a widely abundant animal with — surprisingly — limited research done on the species. Our research proposes to examine the ecology of intraspecific aggression among A. sola and how their behaviors influence biological organization at both the individual and population levels. To further understand how habitat-specific factors influence spatial distribution, we will investigate agonistic behaviors that are likely to occur across two different habitats: cobble and bench. We define a cobble habitat as being of loose cobblestone and a bench habitat as a flat, continuous rock substrate. Previous analysis of these habitats from Coal Oil Point, Santa Barbara County, California, suggests that the spatial distribution is influenced by environmental factors and other population-specific characteristics (e.g. density) which may contextualize behavioral traits. A comparative analysis of agonistic behaviors and dietary components will be conducted to better understand how resource availability influences spatial competition. With this information, our study can provide ways to better mitigate the intertidal ecosystems as we experience an increase in environmental changes. This poster was presented at UCSB's 2024 undergraduate research symposium for the department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, and received a best poster award.

Published
2024

75. Safety profile of pembrolizumab monotherapy based on an aggregate safety evaluation of 8937 patients.

Author

Brahmer, Julie, Long, Georgina, Hamid, Omid, Garon, Edward, Herbst, Roy, Andre, Thierry, Armand, Philippe, Bajorin, Dean, Bellmunt, Joaquim, Burtness, Barbara, Choueiri, Toni, Cohen, Ezra, Diaz, Luis, Shitara, Kohei, Kulkarni, Girish, McDermott, David, Shah, Manish, Tabernero, Josep, Vogel, Arndt, Zinzani, Pier, Jafari, Niusha, Bird, Steven, Snyder, Ellen, Gause, Christine, Bracco, Oswaldo, Pietanza, M, Gruber, Todd, and Ribas, Antoni

Subjects
Neoplasms, Pembrolizumab, Programmed cell death 1 receptor, Safety, Humans, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Lung Neoplasms, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Melanoma
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab has a manageable safety profile as described in its label, which was primarily based on 2799 patients who participated in clinical trials for melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer. Here, we evaluated the safety of pembrolizumab in a broader population of patients from 31 advanced cancer clinical trials across 19 cancer types. METHODS: Safety was analyzed in patients who received at least one dose of pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks [Q3W], 10 mg/kg Q2W or Q3W, or 2 mg/kg Q3W). Adverse events (AEs) and immune-mediated AEs and infusion reactions were evaluated. RESULTS: Safety data from 8937 patients in 31 trials of pembrolizumab monotherapy were pooled (median, seven administrations; range, 1-59). Median duration on treatment was 4.1 months (range, 0.03-40.1). AEs occurred in 96.6% of patients. Grade 3-5 AEs occurred in 50.6% of patients. AEs led to pembrolizumab discontinuation in 12.7% of patients and death in 5.9%. Immune-mediated AEs and infusion reactions occurred in 23.7% of patients (4.6% experienced multiple immune-mediated AEs/infusion reactions) and led to pembrolizumab discontinuation in 3.6% and death in 0.2%. Grade 3-5 immune-mediated AEs occurred in 6.3% of patients. Serious immune-mediated AEs and infusion reactions occurred in 6.0% of patients. Median time to immune-mediated AE onset was 85 days (range, 13-163). Of 2657 immune-mediated AEs, 22.3% were initially treated with prednisone ≥ 40 mg/day or equivalent, and 8.3% were initially treated with lower steroid doses. CONCLUSIONS: This pooled analysis of 31 clinical trials showed that pembrolizumab has a consistent safety profile across indications.

Published
2024

76. Distribution and diversity of emergent Banana bunchy top virus infecting banana and plantain in Cameroon, Central Africa

Author

Ngatat, Sergine, Hanna, Rachid, Fotio, Armand RP Doumtsop, Lienou, Jules A, Nanga, Samuel Nanga, Kuate, Apollin Fotso, Osundahunsi, Bolaji, Fiaboe, Komi KM, Ndemba, Bertrand, Dossa, Gerbert S, Alabi, Tunrayo, and Kumar, P Lava

Subjects
Microbiology, Plant Biology, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Babuvirus, BBTD, Musa, Pentalonia nigronervosa, surveillance, virus incidence, Crop and Pasture Production, Plant Biology & Botany, Plant biology
Abstract

Abstract: Invasions of arthropod vectors and viruses are the main factors associated with emerging plant viral diseases. The presence of the Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV, genus Babuvirus), an aphid‐transmitted virus responsible for the banana bunchy top disease (BBTD), was first confirmed in 2008 in the South region of Cameroon. This study reports on surveys over 14 years to determine the status of BBTV spread and virus diversity in Cameroon. A total of 544 fields extending through 81 districts in 7 regions were surveyed in 5 phases: (1) 2009–10, (2) 2012, (3) 2013–14, (4) 2016–17, and (5) 2022. BBTV was detected in 36 sites, all located in the Ambam district in the South region, with an incidence in the virus‐affected fields ranging from 5% to 40%, with an average incidence of 14.8%. The findings indicate BBTV expansion from the location of first detection in 2008 to about 4–25 km in all directions, with the virus spread range of about 700 km2, as of the last survey in 2022. Phylogenetic analysis using complete nucleotide sequences of the BBTV‐R and BBTV‐S gene aligned Cameroon isolates with the sub‐Saharan Africa subgroup of the Pacific‐Indian Oceans (PIO) group of BBTV isolates, suggesting a likely virus invasion from neighbouring central African countries where BBTV presence had been reported in the 1980s. Knowledge of BBTV distribution provided through the detection and delimiting surveys has contributed to the efficient targeting of interventions to limit the expansion of an emerging virus threat to banana production in Cameroon.

Published
2024

77. Learning Distributions on Manifolds with Free-form Flows

Author

Sorrenson, Peter, Draxler, Felix, Rousselot, Armand, Hummerich, Sander, and Köthe, Ullrich

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

We propose Manifold Free-Form Flows (M-FFF), a simple new generative model for data on manifolds. The existing approaches to learning a distribution on arbitrary manifolds are expensive at inference time, since sampling requires solving a differential equation. Our method overcomes this limitation by sampling in a single function evaluation. The key innovation is to optimize a neural network via maximum likelihood on the manifold, possible by adapting the free-form flow framework to Riemannian manifolds. M-FFF is straightforwardly adapted to any manifold with a known projection. It consistently matches or outperforms previous single-step methods specialized to specific manifolds, and is competitive with multi-step methods with typically two orders of magnitude faster inference speed. We make our code public at https://github.com/vislearn/FFF., Comment: Preprint, under review

Published
2023

78. Updated Results from the Retrospective CREST Study on the Safety and Effectiveness of 8-Week Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in HCV-Infected Treatment-Naïve Patients with Compensated Cirrhosis

Author

Cornberg, Markus, Hüppe, Dietrich, Sarrazin, Christoph, Ahumada, Adriana, Jorquera Plaza, Francisco, Mariño, Zoe, Otano, Juan Isidro Uriz, Conway, Brian, Myles, Lindsay, Ramji, Alnoor, Abergel, Armand, Asselah, Tarik, Larrey, Dominique, Aghemo, Alessio, Andreoni, Massimo, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Lampertico, Pietro, Persico, Marcello, Villa, Erica, Carmiel, Michal, Chodick, Gabriel, Weil, Clara, Bhagat, Abhi, Bondin, Mark, Butrymowicz, Isabel, Song, Yanna, Semizarov, Dimitri, Sonparote, Sadhana, and Llamas, Cynthia

Published
2024
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79. Experimental transfusion of variant CJD-infected blood reveals previously uncharacterised prion disorder in mice and macaque

Author

Emmanuel E. Comoy, Jacqueline Mikol, Nina Jaffré, Vincent Lebon, Etienne Levavasseur, Nathalie Streichenberger, Chryslain Sumian, Armand Perret-Liaudet, Marc Eloit, Olivier Andreoletti, Stéphane Haïk, Philippe Hantraye, and Jean-Philippe Deslys

Subjects
Science
Abstract

It is hypothesised that exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy through contaminated food could have resulted in a large proportion of latent variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease cases in humans. Here the authors demonstrate that inoculation with blood from non-symptomatic, vCJD infected humans, results in a unique prion-like disorder in mice and macaques.

Published
2017
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81. One hundred years of EEG for brain and behaviour research

Author

Mushtaq, Faisal, Welke, Dominik, Gallagher, Anne, Pavlov, Yuri G., Kouara, Layla, Bosch-Bayard, Jorge, van den Bosch, Jasper J. F., Arvaneh, Mahnaz, Bland, Amy R., Chaumon, Maximilien, Borck, Cornelius, He, Xun, Luck, Steven J., Machizawa, Maro G., Pernet, Cyril, Puce, Aina, Segalowitz, Sidney J., Rogers, Christine, Awais, Muhammad, Babiloni, Claudio, Bailey, Neil W., Baillet, Sylvain, Bendall, Robert C. A., Brady, Daniel, Bringas-Vega, Maria L., Busch, Niko A., Calzada-Reyes, Ana, Chatard, Armand, Clayson, Peter E., Cohen, Michael X., Cole, Jonathan, Constant, Martin, Corneyllie, Alexandra, Coyle, Damien, Cruse, Damian, Delis, Ioannis, Delorme, Arnaud, Fair, Damien, Falk, Tiago H., Gamer, Matthias, Ganis, Giorgio, Gloy, Kilian, Gregory, Samantha, Hassall, Cameron D., Hiley, Katherine E., Ivry, Richard B., Jerbi, Karim, Jenkins, Michael, Kaiser, Jakob, Keil, Andreas, Knight, Robert T., Kochen, Silvia, Kotchoubey, Boris, Krigolson, Olave E., Langer, Nicolas, Liesefeld, Heinrich R., Lippé, Sarah, London, Raquel E., MacNamara, Annmarie, Makeig, Scott, Marinovic, Welber, Martínez-Montes, Eduardo, Marzuki, Aleya A., Mathew, Ryan K., Michel, Christoph, Millán, José d. R., Mon-Williams, Mark, Morales-Chacón, Lilia, Naar, Richard, Nilsonne, Gustav, Niso, Guiomar, Nyhus, Erika, Oostenveld, Robert, Paul, Katharina, Paulus, Walter, Pfabigan, Daniela M., Pourtois, Gilles, Rampp, Stefan, Rausch, Manuel, Robbins, Kay, Rossini, Paolo M., Ruzzoli, Manuela, Schmidt, Barbara, Senderecka, Magdalena, Srinivasan, Narayanan, Stegmann, Yannik, Thompson, Paul M., Valdes-Sosa, Mitchell, van der Molen, Melle J. W., Veniero, Domenica, Verona, Edelyn, Voytek, Bradley, Yao, Dezhong, Evans, Alan C., and Valdes-Sosa, Pedro

Published
2024
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91. Data-Driven Shape Sensing in Continuum Manipulators via Sliding Resistive Flex Sensors

Author

Zhang, Chenhan, Jiang, Shaopeng, Wang, Heyun, Liu, Joshua, Jain, Amit, and Armand, Mehran

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

We introduce a novel shape-sensing method using Resistive Flex Sensors (RFS) embedded in cable-driven Continuum Dexterous Manipulators (CDMs). The RFS is predominantly sensitive to deformation rather than direct forces, making it a distinctive tool for shape sensing. The RFS unit we designed is a considerably less expensive and robust alternative, offering comparable accuracy and real-time performance to existing shape sensing methods used for the CDMs proposed for minimally-invasive surgery. Our design allows the RFS to move along and inside the CDM conforming to its curvature, offering the ability to capture resistance metrics from various bending positions without the need for elaborate sensor setups. The RFS unit is calibrated using an overhead camera and a ResNet machine learning framework. Experiments using a 3D printed prototype of the CDM achieved an average shape estimation error of 0.968 mm with a standard error of 0.275 mm. The response time of the model was approximately 1.16 ms, making real-time shape sensing feasible. While this preliminary study successfully showed the feasibility of our approach for C-shape CDM deformations with non-constant curvatures, we are currently extending the results to show the feasibility for adapting to more complex CDM configurations such as S-shape created in obstructed environments or in presence of the external forces.

Published
2023

92. Constraints on metastable superheavy dark matter coupled to sterile neutrinos with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Campuzano, F., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Sedoski, A., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Dark matter particles could be superheavy, provided their lifetime is much longer than the age of the universe. Using the sensitivity of the Pierre Auger Observatory to ultra-high energy neutrinos and photons, we constrain a specific extension of the Standard Model of particle physics that meets the lifetime requirement for a superheavy particle by coupling it to a sector of ultra-light sterile neutrinos. Our results show that, for a typical dark coupling constant of 0.1, the mixing angle $\theta_m$ between active and sterile neutrinos must satisfy, roughly, $\theta_m \lesssim 1.5\times 10^{-6}(M_X/10^9~\mathrm{GeV})^{-2}$ for a mass $M_X$ of the dark-matter particle between $10^8$ and $10^{11}~$GeV., Comment: Version accepted for publication in PRD Letters, including Supplemental Material

Published
2023
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93. Mitigating Shortcut Learning with Diffusion Counterfactuals and Diverse Ensembles

Author

Scimeca, Luca, Rubinstein, Alexander, Teney, Damien, Oh, Seong Joon, Nicolicioiu, Armand Mihai, and Bengio, Yoshua

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Spurious correlations in the data, where multiple cues are predictive of the target labels, often lead to a phenomenon known as shortcut learning, where a model relies on erroneous, easy-to-learn cues while ignoring reliable ones. In this work, we propose DiffDiv an ensemble diversification framework exploiting Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs) to mitigate this form of bias. We show that at particular training intervals, DPMs can generate images with novel feature combinations, even when trained on samples displaying correlated input features. We leverage this crucial property to generate synthetic counterfactuals to increase model diversity via ensemble disagreement. We show that DPM-guided diversification is sufficient to remove dependence on shortcut cues, without a need for additional supervised signals. We further empirically quantify its efficacy on several diversification objectives, and finally show improved generalization and diversification on par with prior work that relies on auxiliary data collection., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2310.02230

Published
2023

94. Question Answering in Natural Language: the Special Case of Temporal Expressions

Author

Stricker, Armand

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Although general question answering has been well explored in recent years, temporal question answering is a task which has not received as much focus. Our work aims to leverage a popular approach used for general question answering, answer extraction, in order to find answers to temporal questions within a paragraph. To train our model, we propose a new dataset, inspired by SQuAD, specifically tailored to provide rich temporal information. We chose to adapt the corpus WikiWars, which contains several documents on history's greatest conflicts. Our evaluation shows that a deep learning model trained to perform pattern matching, often used in general question answering, can be adapted to temporal question answering, if we accept to ask questions whose answers must be directly present within a text., Comment: Accepted at Student Research Workshop associated with RANLP-2021

Published
2023
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95. Searching for Snippets of Open-Domain Dialogue in Task-Oriented Dialogue Datasets

Author

Stricker, Armand and Paroubek, Patrick

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Most existing dialogue corpora and models have been designed to fit into 2 predominant categories : task-oriented dialogues portray functional goals, such as making a restaurant reservation or booking a plane ticket, while chit-chat/open-domain dialogues focus on holding a socially engaging talk with a user. However, humans tend to seamlessly switch between modes and even use chitchat to enhance task-oriented conversations. To bridge this gap, new datasets have recently been created, blending both communication modes into conversation examples. The approaches used tend to rely on adding chit-chat snippets to pre-existing, human-generated task-oriented datasets. Given the tendencies observed in humans, we wonder however if the latter do not \textit{already} hold chit-chat sequences. By using topic modeling and searching for topics which are most similar to a set of keywords related to social talk, we explore the training sets of Schema-Guided Dialogues and MultiWOZ. Our study shows that sequences related to social talk are indeed naturally present, motivating further research on ways chitchat is combined into task-oriented dialogues.

Published
2023

96. Enhancing Task-Oriented Dialogues with Chitchat: a Comparative Study Based on Lexical Diversity and Divergence

Author

Stricker, Armand and Paroubek, Patrick

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

As a recent development, task-oriented dialogues (TODs) have been enriched with chitchat in an effort to make dialogues more diverse and engaging. This enhancement is particularly valuable as TODs are often confined to narrow domains, making the mitigation of repetitive and predictable responses a significant challenge. This paper presents a comparative analysis of three chitchat enhancements, aiming to identify the most effective approach in terms of diversity. Additionally, we quantify the divergence between the added chitchat, the original task-oriented language, and chitchat typically found in chitchat datasets, highlighting the top 20 divergent keywords for each comparison. Our findings drive a discussion on future enhancements for augmenting TODs, emphasizing the importance of grounding dialogues beyond the task to achieve more diverse and natural exchanges., Comment: Accepted @ ASRU 2023 Code: https://github.com/armandstrickernlp/Task-Chitchat-Entropy

Published
2023
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97. PaSS: Parallel Speculative Sampling

Author

Monea, Giovanni, Joulin, Armand, and Grave, Edouard

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Scaling the size of language models to tens of billions of parameters has led to impressive performance on a wide range of tasks. At generation, these models are used auto-regressively, requiring a forward pass for each generated token, and thus reading the full set of parameters from memory. This memory access forms the primary bottleneck for generation and it worsens as the model size increases. Moreover, executing a forward pass for multiple tokens in parallel often takes nearly the same time as it does for just one token. These two observations lead to the development of speculative sampling, where a second smaller model is used to draft a few tokens, that are then validated or rejected using a single forward pass of the large model. Unfortunately, this method requires two models that share the same tokenizer and thus limits its adoption. As an alternative, we propose to use parallel decoding as a way to draft multiple tokens from a single model with no computational cost, nor the need for a second model. Our approach only requires an additional input token that marks the words that will be generated simultaneously. We show promising performance (up to $30\%$ speed-up) while requiring only as few as $O(d_{emb})$ additional parameters., Comment: Accepted at the 3rd workshop on Efficient Natural Language and Speech Processing (ENLSP, NeurIPS 2023)

Published
2023

98. The Exceptional Ring of buoyancy instability in stars

Author

Leclerc, Armand, Jezequel, Lucien, Perez, Nicolas, Bhandare, Asmita, Laibe, Guillaume, and Delplace, Pierre

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

We reveal properties of global modes of linear buoyancy instability in stars, characterised by the celebrated Schwarzschild criterion, using non-Hermitian topology. We identify a ring of Exceptional Points of order 4 that originates from the pseudo-Hermitian and pseudo-chiral symmetries of the system. The ring results from the merging of a dipole of degeneracy points in the Hermitian stablystratified counterpart of the problem. Its existence is related to spherically symmetric unstable modes. We obtain the conditions for which convection grows over such radial modes. Those are met at early stages of low-mass stars formation. We finally show that a topological wave is robust to the presence of convective regions by reporting the presence of a mode transiting between the wavebands in the non-Hermitian problem, strengthening their relevance for asteroseismology., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, + appendices, accepted for publication in Physical Review Research

Published
2023

99. Radio Measurements of the Depth of Air-Shower Maximum at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Anukriti, Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA), part of the Pierre Auger Observatory, is currently the largest array of radio antenna stations deployed for the detection of cosmic rays, spanning an area of $17$ km$^2$ with 153 radio stations. It detects the radio emission of extensive air showers produced by cosmic rays in the $30-80$ MHz band. Here, we report the AERA measurements of the depth of the shower maximum ($X_\text{max}$), a probe for mass composition, at cosmic-ray energies between $10^{17.5}$ to $10^{18.8}$ eV, which show agreement with earlier measurements with the fluorescence technique at the Pierre Auger Observatory. We show advancements in the method for radio $X_\text{max}$ reconstruction by comparison to dedicated sets of CORSIKA/CoREAS air-shower simulations, including steps of reconstruction-bias identification and correction, which is of particular importance for irregular or sparse radio arrays. Using the largest set of radio air-shower measurements to date, we show the radio $X_\text{max}$ resolution as a function of energy, reaching a resolution better than $15$ g cm$^{-2}$ at the highest energies, demonstrating that radio $X_\text{max}$ measurements are competitive with the established high-precision fluorescence technique. In addition, we developed a procedure for performing an extensive data-driven study of systematic uncertainties, including the effects of acceptance bias, reconstruction bias, and the investigation of possible residual biases. These results have been cross-checked with air showers measured independently with both the radio and fluorescence techniques, a setup unique to the Pierre Auger Observatory., Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. D

Published
2023

100. Demonstrating Agreement between Radio and Fluorescence Measurements of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Halim, A. Abdul, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Aloisio, R., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Anukriti, Apollonio, L., Aramo, C., Ferreira, P. R. Araújo, Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Bakalova, A., Barbato, F., Mocellin, A. Bartz, Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Bianciotto, M., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Bwembya, A., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Cabana-Freire, S., Caccianiga, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Cermenati, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cerutti, A. C. Cobos, Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Conte, M., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia dos, Costa, P. J., Covault, C. E., Cristinziani, M., Sanchez, C. S. Cruz, Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jesús, J., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., Franco, D. de Oliveira, de Palma, F., de Souza, V., de Errico, B. P. de Souza, De Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Deligny, O., Denner, N., Deval, L., di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dorosti, Q., Anjos, J. C. dos, Anjos, R. C. dos, Ebr, J., Ellwanger, F., Emam, M., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Etchegoyen, A., Evoli, C., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fernandes, A., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Flaggs, B., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Gaudu, C., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Gülzow, L., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Jilek, V., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kampert, K. -H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Covilakam, V. V. Kizakke, Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Knapp, F., Köhler, J., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lema-Capeans, Y., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopes, L., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Payeras, A. Machado, Majercakova, M., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martins, M. A., Mathes, H. -J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Meinert, J., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Merx, C., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Namasaka, W. M., Negi, S., Nellen, L., Nguyen, K., Nicora, G., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Panja, S., Parente, G., Paulsen, T., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pereira, L. A. S., Martins, E. E. Pereira, Armand, J. Perez, Bertolli, C. Pérez, Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Shahvar, M. Pourmohammad, Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Akim, J. V. Reginatto, Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, E., Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shivashankara, S. U., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Simkova, K., Simon, F., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Strähnz, S., Straub, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Svozilikova, Z., Szadkowski, Z., Tairli, F., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Quispe, I. D. Vergara, Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yue, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., and Zavrtanik, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We show, for the first time, radio measurements of the depth of shower maximum ($X_\text{max}$) of air showers induced by cosmic rays that are compared to measurements of the established fluorescence method at the same location. Using measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory we show full compatibility between our radio and the previously published fluorescence data set, and between a subset of air showers observed simultaneously with both radio and fluorescence techniques, a measurement setup unique to the Pierre Auger Observatory. Furthermore, we show radio $X_\text{max}$ resolution as a function of energy and demonstrate the ability to make competitive high-resolution $X_\text{max}$ measurements with even a sparse radio array. With this, we show that the radio technique is capable of cosmic-ray mass composition studies, both at Auger and at other experiments., Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2023

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