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Purpose: The paper aims to access the impact of financial transparency and disclosure on stock market capitalization. The financial transparency and disclosure measure the extent to which the firms have open firm-specific information for the investors. More transparency leads to strong investor protection. Design/methodology: The study has been conducted on the Pakistan Stock Exchange from period 2008 to 2017. Descriptive Statistics, Correlation, and Regression Analysis have been used to find out the impact of the above-mentioned variables on the Stock market Capitalization. Findings: The results support our hypothesis that information disclosure and strength of investor protection has a positive significant impact on market capitalization. Research Limitation: While our study focuses on the significance of information disclosure and transparency, it does not measure the quality and accuracy of the information disclosed. Practical Implication: The results might be of interest to potential investors who will be able to diversify their investment in a way that minimizes risks based on the disclosure practices of the firms. Originality/value: The research contributes to the finance literature by finding out the impact of information disclosure on stock market capitalization in the Pakistan Stock Exchange on recent data.

Introduction Occupational therapists around the world increasingly seek to support the participation of children with disabilities and special educational needs in mainstream education. Contemporary school-based occupational therapy practice is progressing from an individual, impairment focus towards collaborative, universal interventions at the whole class and whole school level. Participation-focused practice and collaboration is particularly important, but uncommon, in low-resource contexts such as Pakistan. Methods This article reports on collaborative action research that developed the role of occupational therapy in inclusive education in Karachi, Pakistan. A research team consisting of occupational therapists and teachers worked with five local primary schools, using the action research cycles of plan–implement–observe–reflect to develop practical strategies, materials and inclusive lesson plans to facilitate the participation of all children in all school-based occupations. Findings Support from school management and interdisciplinary collaboration were crucial for implementing change. In addition, strategies like inclusive lesson planning were found to benefit all children in class. Collaborative action research led to increased professional confidence in the teachers and occupational therapists, and skill development through developing a resource guide, running workshops and presenting at (inter)national conferences. Conclusion Collaborative action research was an effective means to develop the occupational therapy role in inclusive education practices in Pakistan, develop culturally appropriate educational resources, and upskill local therapists and teachers.

This research paper investigates the mediatory effect of Individually Perceived Stress in the direct relationship of high accomplishment work practices and financial performance of Firm. This research narrates different mechanisms and procedure through which work practices enhances firm performance. Cross Sectional research design is opted for data collection purpose. Data is collected from 500 employees of banking industry and analysis of data is done through Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis. The analysis of collected data shows that Individually Perceived Stress significantly affects the direct relationship of High-Performance Work Practices and Firm Financial Performance. Stress changes the direction of implemented practices in opposite direction due to which resultant results doesn’t match with the desired results. This paper contributes to literature by responding to the long waiting call for explaining importance of stress in high performance work practices and firm performance linkage. This paper also strengthens the literature by adding individual effect of four constructs of High Performance Work Practices. Current research also holds important and valuable implications for governing bodies or managing authorities of institutions.

Desired Objective: Aspire of this study is to uncover the evidences of the usefulness of antiviral medicine typically Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir for the treatment of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection in children. Study Design: Descriptive and Cross Sectional Duration and Setting: Duration for this study was nine months starting from April, 2018 to March, 2019 and study was conducted in Pediatrics department of the Mayo Hospital Lahore. Methodology: We enrolled patients, who were with diagnostics of positive Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) PCR and were the age of six to fifteen years after conducting and considering the histopathology and some examinations. The strength of the patients was 44 children having mean age of 10.52 years. Male patients were dominating with total of 28 boys and female were 16 girls. Made the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotyping according to the affordability of the patients. Kept all the patients on the one dose of Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir on daily bases. For the cases of cirrhosis established or INF-experienced, ribavirin added additionally. After four weeks of treatment, LFT and RFT of every patient were taken and after twelve weeks PCR was performed. Treatment was comprised on total 12 weeks and with the extension of 24 weeks for cirrhosis established. For analyzing the collected data, the software used was SPSS v-20. Results: Among all genotypes, genotype-1 was the leading type having 75 percent. 44 patients attained sustained virological response SVR-12 having 90.9 percent and rest four patients got partial virological response having 9.1 percent. Associated Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) was detected in ten patients and these patients were treated Entecavir for the whole period of treatment. All the patients attained sustained virological response SVR-12 with decrease in little of HBV while cases of INF-experienced were responsive with sustained virological response SVR-12 that were 14 patients with 31.8 percent. Conclusion: Oral antiviral (90 Sofosbuvir 400 mg or Ledipasvir 90mg) is effectively useful for the management of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection in children. Keyword: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Sofosbuvir or Ledipasvir, Pediatrics, Genotype, Antiviral.

Objective: To determine the frequency and severity of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Study Design: An Experimental Study. Place and Duration: In the Physiology Department of Services Institute of Medical Sciences in collaboration with Medicine Unit II of Services Hospital Lahore for Six months duration from September 2018 to February 2019. Methods: Forty-two subjects with type 2 diabetes at the beginning were randomly selected into the experimental group. Twenty-five patients with age and sex matched were included as controls. Electromyography showed nerve conduction velocities of 2 sensory nerves and 2 motor nerves of upper and lower extremities. Glycemic control was assessed by the presence of fasting plasma glucose and glycosine Hb with the help of a kit. Conclusion: Peripheral neuropathy was 33.33% higher in diabetic men and 16.6% higher in women. Fasting plasma glucose levels showed a significant inverse correlation with sensory conduction of speeds (r = -0.365), sural (r = -0.366) and motor conduction speeds (r = -0.365) (P Conclusion: Nerve conduction rates should be performed regularly. In addition, glycosylated Hb levels should be monitored and controlled regularly so that peripheral neuropathy and disability in these patients can be prevented by appropriate and timely diagnosis and treatment. Key words: Distal peripheral neuropathy, diabetes, glycemic control.

Objective - The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the financial resilience perspective in banks, with an aim to distinguish empirically between Islamic and Conventional Commercial Banks with respect to short-term and long-term financial resilience. Methodology/Technique - Panel data analysis of the banks by calculating diagnostics and ratios. Findings - Islamic banks are less resilient with respect to liquidity in the short term, but significantly more resilient in long term than Conventional commercial banks. Novelty - This research paper is an original work of the authors and is unique with respect to the resilience dimension applied to segregate the Islamic banks from Conventional commercial banks. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Islamic bank, Conventional Bank, Financial resilience.

Background: Chikungunya an arbovirus, is transmitted to humans by the bite of Aedes mosquito. The virus occurrences have been reported in Southeast Asian countries including Pakistan. Its symptoms include typical febrile illness and arthralgic syndrome. The virus has not decisively proved to be life-threatening. Methods: The attempt was to design T-cell and B-cell epitope-based vaccine for Chikungunya. The proteome of chikungunya was retrieved, antigenic proteins were identified and T-cell epitopes and B-cell epitopes were predicted. Interacting HLA alleles were also identified. The final analysis was done to confirm that predicted T-cell epitopes and B-cell epitopes can be used as a vaccine. Results: About 32 T-cell epitopes and a 10mer B-cell epitope were identified. Both T-cell and Bcell epitopes demonstrated strong interactions with HLA alleles. The predicted T-cell and B-cell epitopes were docked with respective HLA alleles. The docking analysis showed that the predicted respective epitopes best fit into the binding pockets of the alleles. Conclusion: On the basis of this computational analysis, it is suggested that these predicted epitopes can be used as a remedy against Alphavirus strain of chikungunya. Further laboratory experiments can be conducted to determine the efficacy and stability of this work.

The study is an endeavor to calculate the mobility of wealth across generations. The study is aimed to provide useful insights in the determinants of wealth linked in a manner that enables the calculation of wealth at single point in time (i.e. at the age of the eighteen and at the age of thirty). Pakistan is a developing country with high unemployment rate, slow economic growth, inefficient Zakat system, and increasing poverty rate. Pakistan is facing different problem to achieve the sustainable development goals. The 21th century goals are to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, insure environmental sustainability, reduce corruption rate, inclusive economy, concentration of wealth, equal distribution of wealth. The proposed framework of intergenerational wealth mobility will help to minimize the poverty, evasion of taxation system, effective and efficient Zakat system as well as reduces the level of money laundering and corruption rates in Pakistan. In a while examine by (Shehzadi, Mohammad and Shah 2012). The significance of the study relates to development of the framework that measures the intergenerational wealth mobility in Pakistan.

The purpose of this paper is to systematically synchronise the development of Shari'ah governance in light of the Islamic epistemology. The paper explores governance from the Islamic point of view by referring to various verses from the Holy Qur'an. Also, the paper enumerates the Ps of Islamic governance through shedding light on the teachings of the Holy Qur'an. An in-depth literature review is done to identify the enablers of Shari'ah corporate governance model. Furthermore, interpretative structure modelling (ISM) is applied to propose a Shari'ah governance model for all Islamic countries and countries that follow Islamic banking system. The key variables are identified with the help of MICMAC analysis. The results reveal that there are various conflicting issues that exist among business operations of Islamic financial industry. One of the issues is lacking uniformity regarding considerations related to Halal/Haram transactions. The paper suggests a suitable model for implementing Shari'ah governance and making it globally acceptable.

Griether’s disease, also known as, Transgrediens et Progrediens Palmoplantar Keratoderma, is an autosomal dominant disorder, clinically characterized by diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma associated with hyperhidrosis and progressive extension of keratoderma to the dorsum of hands and feet, knees, elbows with characteristic involvement of Tendo-Achilles. We report a case of a 9 year old male with typical features of Greither’s disease.

Non-epidermolytic variety of hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma with autosomal dominant inheritance characterised by uniform, thick, yellow hyperkeratosis over palms and soles was first described separately by Thost and Unna and named as Unna-Thost Keratoderma. We present a case of Unna-Thost keratoderma in a 9 year old male child who presented with waxy, thick, yellow palms and soles with fissures and contractures in hands.

Disseminated Superficial Actinic Porokeratosis (DSAP) is a type of porokeratosis observed in parts of the skin exposed to intense sunlight and usually appears in the third or fourth decade of life. We are presenting a case report of a 30 year old male patient presenting with multiple lesions over the face and limbs.

Leprosy reactions are rare expression of immunological perturbations that interrupt the usual chronic course and the clinical stability of patients with leprosy. They generally occur during anti-mycobacterial treatment and are characterized by the appearance of crops of brightly erythematous tender nodules or plaques. Erythema Necroticans (ENe) is an uncommon manifestation of Type 2 Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) reaction, encountered in lepromatous and borderline lepromatous cases of leprosy. Severe ENL can become vesicular or bullous and break-down and is termed Erythema Necroticans.

Acral peeling skin syndrome is a rare, congenital subtype of peeling skin syndrome affecting the dorsal and volar aspects of hands and feet. The cutaneous manifestations consist of lifelong, episodic or continuous, painless, non-inflammatory peeling of dorsal and volar aspects of hands and feet. A biopsy specimen shows hyperkeratosis and splitting of the epidermis between the granular layer and the stratum corneum. This chronic disease has no known effective established treatment.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS) is a rare, autosomal dominant disorder responsible for mucocutaneous pigmentation and gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyps. We present a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in a 12 year old male child who presented with abdominal pain, vomiting and malena. The patient had pigmented lesions on the malar area, nose, lower lip and buccal mucosa. The imaging studies revealed multiple polyps in small intestine.

Andrographis paniculata (family Acanthaceae), also known as “King of Bitters” or Kalmegh, is an important medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases. It has antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties (1). During June 2014, while performing a routine survey of the commercial trial fields of Kalmegh at Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow, India, typical phytoplasma disease symptoms such as virescence, proliferation, and witches' broom along with little leaf and stunted growth were observed. The disease incidence was estimated to be approximately 7 to 10%. To ascertain the presence of phytoplasma, 16 samples of leaves were collected from nine different field sites, and total genomic DNA was extracted from the symptomatic and symptomless Kalmegh plants by the CTAB method. Direct and nested PCR assays were performed targeting the 16S rDNA using generic phytoplasma primer pairs P1/P6 followed by R16F2n/R16R2 (2). Resulting bands of the expected size (1.5 kb and 1.2 kb, respectively) were amplified from symptomatic plants. No amplification was observed with DNA from asymptomatic plant samples. The purified nested PCR products were cloned into E. coli DH5α, using the pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, United States) and sequenced with primers M13For/M13Rev using an automatic sequencer (ABI Prism, Perkin Elmer) at CIMAP. The sequence was analyzed by BLASTn and found to share 99% similarity with Echinacea witches'-broom phytoplasma and Sesame phyllody phytoplasma strain (GenBank Accession Nos. JF340080 and KF612966, respectively), which belong to the 16SrII-D group. The sequence was deposited in NCBI as GenBank Accession No. KM359410. A phylogenetic tree using MEGA v5.0 (4) was constructed with 16S rDNA; consensus sequences of phytoplasmas belonging to distinct groups revealed that the present phytoplasma clustered with the 16SrII group. iPhyClassifier software was used to perform sequence comparison and generate a virtual restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profile (5). On the basis of iPhyClassifier, the 16S rDNA sequence analysis of our isolate showed 99.2% similarity with that of the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiae’ reference strain (GenBank Accession No. Y10097), which belongs to 16Sr group II. The virtual RFLP pattern of F2n/R2 fragment was most similar to the 16SrII-D subgroup (similarity coefficient of 0.91) but showed a difference in profile with HpaI, HhaI, and MseI enzymes. Several bacterial/fungal and viral diseases have been reported on A. paniculata (3); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report of witches' broom disease in India and the first record of a 16SrII-D group phytoplasma on Kalmegh. Its presence in Kalmegh is of great significance due to its commercial interest. References: (1) S. Akbar. Altern. Med. Rev. 16:1, 2011. (2) D. E. Gundersen and M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) A. Khan and A. Samad. Plant Dis. 98:698, 2014. (4) K. Tamura et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 28:2731, 2011. (5) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.

Geminiviruses are ssDNA viruses that infect a wide range of plant species. Andrographis paniculata (family Acanthaceae), an herb commonly known as Kalmegh, is famous for its medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antimalarial, anticancerous, antidiabetic, antihepatotoxic, antioxidant, and is helpful in curing various diseases (1). Surveys of kalmegh fields carried out in September and October 2010 in Lucknow, India, revealed symptomatic plants that initially showed yellow veins on younger leaves and later upward leaf curling, vein clearing, chlorosis, reduced leaf size, poor inflorescence, and stunted growth leading to drastic reduction in herb yield. The disease incidence was estimated at 25 to 40%. Aphids (Myzus persicae and Aphis crassivora) failed to transmit the disease; however, similar disease symptoms developed on healthy plants after transmission by viruliferous whiteflies (Bemesia tabaci). Healthy whiteflies were used for acquisition feeding on the naturally infected twig of A. paniculata and then transferred to healthy seedlings for an overnight inoculation feeding. After inoculation feeding, whiteflies were killed by insecticide. Four out of six plants were positive after whitefly transmission. Total nucleic acids were extracted from the leaves of symptomatic and symptomless plants by modified CTAB method. PCR amplification of a 771-bp fragment of DNA, with begomovirus CP gene-specific primers (forward 5′-ATGGCGAAGCGACCAG-3′ and reverse 5′-TTAATTTGTGACCGAATCAT-3′) from symptomatic samples only, supported the presence of a begomovirus. The amplified DNA fragment was revealed in 13 out of 17 symptomatic samples. The full length DNA-A was amplified using two sets of overlapping primer pairs (F1For/F1Rev and F2For/F2Rev), generating the amplicons of ~1,200 bp and ~1,700 bp in size, respectively (3). Nine PCR positive samples were eluted from agarose gel by QIAquick gel extraction kit (Qiagen), cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega), and 16 clones were sequenced. The complete DNA-A sequence (2,739 nt) was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC476655). Sequence analysis showed 96% nucleotide identity with Eclipta yellow vein virus (EYVV, GQ478343) and more distant affinities (≤89%) with other begomoviruses. No DNA-B was detected in any of the samples with the universal primer pair PBL1v2040/PCRc1 (4). However, a betasatellite was identified by PCR amplification of a 1,379-bp fragment using universal primers β01 and β02 (2). Sequence analysis of this betasatellite (KC967282) associated with the present disease showed 83% to 89% identity with sequences of other betasatellites, like Ageratum yellow vein betasatellite (AJ542498), available in GenBank. There was no evidence of the presence of alphasatellites. The presence of a begomovirus and an associated betasatellite was also validated using rolling circle amplification with TempliPhi 100 Amplification system (GE Healthcare), which generated two fragments of 2.7 kb and 1.3 kb, respectively, after digestion with enzymes EcoRI, EcoRV, and HincII. EYVV (family Geminiviridae; genus Begomovirus) was reported for the first time from Pakistan in 2006 on Eclipta prostrata (GQ478343.1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a new isolate of EYVV infecting A. paniculata in India. Kalmegh is cultivated as a mixed crop in some areas and it could potentially be a reservoir of inoculum to other hosts susceptible to begomoviruses. References: (1) S. Akbar. Altern Med Rev. 16:1, 2011. (2) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol Biotechnol. 20:315, 2002. (3) A. Kumar et al. New Dis. Rep. 24:18, 2011. (4) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

Papillon–Lefevre syndrome is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe periodontal disease with hyperkeratosis and fissuring of the palms and soles. Periodontitis is severe and destructive affecting both deciduous and permanent dentitions associated with palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis. These manifestations usually appear in childhood between 1 and 4 years of age and deciduous teeth exfoliate within or at the age of six. Permanent teeth erupt normally but soon get affected by periodontal disease. Individual becomes edentulous within teenage. Hyperkeratotic lesions extend to knees and elbows. Some cases have shown inconsistent manifestations such as calcification of falx cerebri and choroid plexus, calcification of the dura, attachment of the tentorium, thumb nail dystrophy and hyperhidrosis.

This purpose of this study was to examine the impact of microfinance on women empowerment and social mobility of women in the under privileged region of Bahawalpur located in south Punjab. The study uses a sample of 772 female clients of two active microfinance institutions, NRSP and Apna bank. A comprehensive questionnaire was used for the survey and results were analyzed through smart PLS. Findings of results suggested that Microfinance is an efficient tool in facilitating social mobility and financial empowerment in women belonging to the region of Bahawalpur. The value and originality of the paper rests with its use of social mobility as a determinant of well being and enhancement in standard of living.