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57. Thermal Magnetoelectrics in all Inorganic Quasi-Two-Dimensional Halide Perovskites

Author

Zhu, Tong, Lu, Xuezeng, Aoyama, Takuya, Fujita, Koji, Nambu, Yusuke, Saito, Takashi, Takatsu, Hiroshi, Kawasaki, Tatsushi, Terauchi, Takumi, Kurosawa, Shunsuke, Yamaji, Akihiro, Li, Hao-Bo, Tassel, Cedric, Ohgushi, Kenya, Rondinelli, James M., and Kageyama, Hiroshi

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

From lithium-ion batteries to high-temperature superconductors, oxide materials have been widely used in electronic devices. However, demands of future technologies require materials beyond oxides, as anion chemistries distinct from oxygen can expand the palette of mechanisms and phenomena, to achieve superior functionalities. Examples include nitride-based wide bandgap semiconductors and halide perovskite solar cells, with MAPbBr3 being a representation revolutionizing photovoltaics research. Here, we demonstrate magnetoelectric behaviour in quasi-two-dimensional halides (K,Rb)3Mn2Cl7 through simultaneous thermal control of electric and magnetic polarizations by exploiting a polar-to-antipolar displacive transition. Additionally, our calculations indicate a possible polarization switching path including a strong magnetoelectric coupling, indicating halides can be excellent platforms to design future multiferroic and ferroelectric devices. We expect our findings to broaden the exploration of multiferroics to non-oxide materials and open access to novel mechanisms, beyond conventional electric/magnetic control, for coupling ferroic orders., Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

58. Stripe order and diode effect in two-dimensional Rashba superconductors

Author

Aoyama, Kazushi

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

In two-dimensional superconductors with a Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling, it is known that an in-plane magnetic field can induce a helical superconducting (SC) state with a phase modulation $e^{i {\bf q}\cdot {\bf r}}$. Here, we theoretically investigate the stability of a stripe order, a weight-biased superposition state composed of $+{\bf q}$ and $-{\bf q}$ modes taking the form of $\Delta_+ e^{i{\bf q}\cdot{\bf r}}+\Delta_- e^{-i{\bf q}\cdot{\bf r}}$ with $|\Delta_+|\neq|\Delta_-|\neq 0$, assuming that the spin-singlet pairing channel is dominant. Based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory, we show that for both s-wave and d-wave pairing symmetries, the stripe order can appear in the high-field and low-temperature region inside the helical phase and that the transition between the helical and stripe phases is of second order. It is noteworthy that for the d-wave pairing, the stability region of the stripe phase shrinks when the in-plane field is rotated from the nodal direction to the anti-nodal direction. It is also found that the nonreciprocity of the critical current, the so-called SC diode effect, emerges not only in the helical phase but also in the stripe phase, with no clear nonreciprocity anomaly at the helical-stripe transition due to its second-order nature., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
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60. Altered genomic methylation promotes Staphylococcus aureus persistence in hospital environment

Author

Yamazaki, Yuriko, Ito, Tomoka, Nakagawa, Seitaro, Sugihira, Takashi, Kurita-Tachibana, Chinami, Villaruz, Amer E., Ishiguro, Kensuke, Salcman, Barbora, Li, Shuo, Takada, Sanami, Inohara, Naohiro, Kusuya, Yoko, Shibata, Aki, Tamai, Masakazu, Aoyama, Reika, Inoue, Kanako, Murata, Shota, Matsushita, Kazuyuki, Miyabe, Akiko, Taniguchi, Toshibumi, Igari, Hidetoshi, Ishiwada, Naruhiko, Taniguchi, Masateru, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Matsue, Hiroyuki, Fujimoto, Manabu, Hishiki, Haruka, Osone, Yoshiteru, Hamada, Hiromichi, Shimojo, Naoki, Suzuki, Tsutomu, Otto, Michael, Núñez, Gabriel, Takahashi, Hiroki, Takaya, Akiko, and Nakamura, Yuumi

Published
2024
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65. Inhibition of TOPORS ubiquitin ligase augments the efficacy of DNA hypomethylating agents through DNMT1 stabilization

Author

Kaito, Satoshi, Aoyama, Kazumasa, Oshima, Motohiko, Tsuchiya, Akiho, Miyota, Makiko, Yamashita, Masayuki, Koide, Shuhei, Nakajima-Takagi, Yaeko, Kozuka-Hata, Hiroko, Oyama, Masaaki, Yogo, Takao, Yabushita, Tomohiro, Ito, Ryoji, Ueno, Masaya, Hirao, Atsushi, Tohyama, Kaoru, Li, Chao, Kawabata, Kimihito Cojin, Yamaguchi, Kiyoshi, Furukawa, Yoichi, Kosako, Hidetaka, Yoshimi, Akihide, Goyama, Susumu, Nannya, Yasuhito, Ogawa, Seishi, Agger, Karl, Helin, Kristian, Yamazaki, Satoshi, Koseki, Haruhiko, Doki, Noriko, Harada, Yuka, Harada, Hironori, Nishiyama, Atsuya, Nakanishi, Makoto, and Iwama, Atsushi

Published
2024
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70. Long-term surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the school community from Campo Grande, Brazil

Author

Alcantara, Daniel Maximo Correa, dos Santos, Camila Maria, Torres, Jaire Marinho, Stutz, Claudia, Vieira, Camila Aoyama, Moreira, Raissa Mariele dos Santos, Rodrigues, Rudielle, Marcon, Glaucia Elisete Barbosa, Ferreira, Eduardo de Castro, Mendes, Flavia Maria Lins, Sarti, Elaine Cristina Fernandes Baez, de Oliveira, Thiago Fernandes, Lemos, Everton Ferreira, Andrade, Ursulla Vilella, Lichs, Gislene Garcia de Castro, Demarchi, Luiz Henrique Ferraz, Zardin, Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki, Gonçalves, Crhistinne Cavalheiro Maymone, Guilhermino, Jislaine de Fátima, and Fernandez, Zoraida del Carmen

Published
2024
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71. Bereaved family members’ perspectives on quality of death in deceased acute cardiovascular disease patients compared with cancer patients – a comparison of the J-HOPE3 study and the quality of palliative care in heart disease (Q-PACH) study

Author

Suzuki, Takahiro, Miyashita, Mitsunori, Kohno, Takashi, Rewley, Jeffrey, Igarashi, Naoko, Aoyama, Maho, Higashitani, Michiaki, Kawamatsu, Naoto, Kitai, Takeshi, Shibata, Tatsuhiro, Takei, Makoto, Nochioka, Kotaro, Nakazawa, Gaku, Shiomi, Hiroki, Tateno, Shigeru, Anzai, Toshihisa, and Mizuno, Atsushi

Published
2024
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73. Association of blood group O with a recurrent risk for acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding from a multicenter cohort study

Author

Suzuki, Sho, Tominaga, Naoyuki, Aoki, Tomonori, Sadashima, Eiji, Miike, Tadashi, Kawakami, Hiroshi, Kobayashi, Katsumasa, Yamauchi, Atsushi, Yamada, Atsuo, Omori, Jun, Ikeya, Takashi, Aoyama, Taiki, Sato, Yoshinori, Kishino, Takaaki, Ishii, Naoki, Sawada, Tsunaki, Murata, Masaki, Takao, Akinari, Mizukami, Kazuhiro, Kinjo, Ken, Fujimori, Shunji, Uotani, Takahiro, Fujita, Minoru, Sato, Hiroki, Narasaka, Toshiaki, Hayasaka, Junnosuke, Funabiki, Tomohiro, Kinjo, Yuzuru, Mizuki, Akira, Kiyotoki, Shu, Mikami, Tatsuya, Gushima, Ryosuke, Fujii, Hiroyuki, Fuyuno, Yuta, Hikichi, Takuto, Toya, Yosuke, Narimatsu, Kazuyuki, Manabe, Noriaki, Nagaike, Koji, Kinjo, Tetsu, Sumida, Yorinobu, Funakoshi, Sadahiro, Kobayashi, Kiyonori, Matsuhashi, Tamotsu, Komaki, Yuga, Kaise, Mitsuru, and Nagata, Naoyoshi

Published
2024
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78. Curative resection via right hemicolectomy and regional lymph node dissection for colonic adenomatous polyposis of unknown etiology with adenocarcinomas localized in the right side of the colon: a case report

Author

Aoyama, Shu, Inoue, Akira, Kagawa, Yoshinori, Komori, Takamichi, Ozato, Yuki, Nishizawa, Yujiro, Sugimoto, Tomoki, Komatsu, Hisateru, Hirota, Masashi, Miyazaki, Yasuhiro, Tomokuni, Akira, Motoori, Masaaki, Fushimi, Hiroaki, Yamamoto, Gou, Akagi, Kiwamu, Iwase, Kazuhiro, and Fujitani, Kazumasa

Published
2024
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81. A novel prediction tool for mortality in patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding requiring emergency hospitalization: a large multicenter study

Author

Tominaga, Naoyuki, Sadashima, Eiji, Aoki, Tomonori, Fujita, Minoru, Kobayashi, Katsumasa, Yamauchi, Atsushi, Yamada, Atsuo, Omori, Jun, Ikeya, Takashi, Aoyama, Taiki, Sato, Yoshinori, Kishino, Takaaki, Ishii, Naoki, Sawada, Tsunaki, Murata, Masaki, Takao, Akinari, Mizukami, Kazuhiro, Kinjo, Ken, Fujimori, Shunji, Uotani, Takahiro, Sato, Hiroki, Suzuki, Sho, Narasaka, Toshiaki, Hayasaka, Junnosuke, Funabiki, Tomohiro, Kinjo, Yuzuru, Mizuki, Akira, Kiyotoki, Shu, Mikami, Tatsuya, Gushima, Ryosuke, Fujii, Hiroyuki, Fuyuno, Yuta, Hikichi, Takuto, Toya, Yosuke, Narimatsu, Kazuyuki, Manabe, Noriaki, Nagaike, Koji, Kinjo, Tetsu, Sumida, Yorinobu, Funakoshi, Sadahiro, Kobayashi, Kiyonori, Matsuhashi, Tamotsu, Komaki, Yuga, Miki, Kuniko, Watanabe, Kazuhiro, Kaise, Mitsuru, and Nagata, Naoyoshi

Published
2024
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82. Cardiac tamponade complicating esophagectomy and retrosternal gastric tube reconstitution in a patient with an abnormal ascending aorta position: a case report

Author

Aoyama, Shu, Miyazaki, Yasuhiro, Motoori, Masaaki, Hirota, Masashi, Itami, Takefumi, Matsumoto, Sayaka, Hirano, Masataka, Aomatsu, Michihiro, Goto, Takasumi, Kitahara, Mutsunori, Ozato, Yuki, Nishizawa, Yujiro, Komatsu, Hisateru, Inoue, Akira, Kagawa, Yoshinori, Tomokuni, Akira, Iwase, Kazuhiro, Nishi, Hiroyuki, and Fujitani, Kazumasa

Published
2024
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83. Non-invasive intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasm forming a protruding lesion toward the duodenum from the accessory papilla: a case report

Author

Kawahara, Shinnosuke, Yamamoto, Naoto, Washimi, Kota, Kanemoto, Rei, Takahashi, Daishi, Kamioka, Yuto, Hashimoto, Itaru, Kamiya, Mariko, Kato, Aya, Maezawa, Yukio, Kazama, Keisuke, Murakawa, Masaaki, Sawazaki, Sho, Aoyama, Toru, Tamagawa, Hiroshi, Oshima, Takashi, Yukawa, Norio, Rino, Yasushi, Yokose, Tomoyuki, Saito, Aya, and Morinaga, Soichiro

Published
2024
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90. The effect of playing Onigokko on children’s executive function and cardiovascular endurance in the early elementary school grades

Author

Sho Aoyama

Subjects
Cognitive flexibility, Physical fitness, Tag, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract This study investigated whether continuously playing Onigokko, a game similar to tag, could enhance children’s cognitive flexibility, a component of executive function, and improve cardiovascular endurance. The intervention group comprised 34 students enrolled in the second-grade A class of H elementary school in Y prefecture. The control group comprised 34 students enrolled in the second-grade B class at the same school. Cognitive flexibility was assessed using the Trail Making Test Task B (TMT-B), while cardiovascular endurance was measured using a 20-meter shuttle run. These measurements were taken for both groups before and after four weeks playing Onigokko with the intervention group. A two-way ANOVA was applied for each measurement item, considering the group (intervention and control groups) and measurement period (pre and post). A significant interaction was found between cognitive flexibility (TMT-B response time) and cardiovascular endurance (20-meter shuttle run count and maximal oxygen consumption [VO2Max]); thereafter, a simple main effect test (Bonferroni method) was conducted. The results revealed that the intervention group’s cognitive flexibility (TMT-B response time) and cardiovascular endurance (20-meter shuttle run count and VO2Max) significantly improved post-intervention compared to the control group. These findings suggest that continuously playing Onigokko can significantly enhance both cognitive flexibility and cardiovascular endurance among early elementary school students.

Published
2024
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91. Protocol of a nation-wide post-bereavement survey on quality of hospice and palliative care: J-HOPE 5 study

Author

Maho Aoyama, Masanori Mori, Tatsuya Morita, Satoru Tsuneto, and Mitsunori Miyashita

Subjects
Palliative care, Bereavement, Evaluation, J-HOPE study, Japan, Special situations and conditions, RC952-1245
Abstract

Abstract Background Maintaining quality of care and improving the quality of life (QOL) of patients and their families are important issues in palliative care. Therefore, there is a need to continuously evaluate the quality and outcomes of the care provided. In Japan, the Japan hospice and palliative evaluation (J-HOPE) study series has been conducted every three to four years since 2010, and we will conduct the fifth J-HOPE study (J-HOPE5). In the present paper, we describe the protocol of the J-HOPE5 study. The main objectives are: (1) to evaluate the processes, structures and outcomes of care at hospices or palliative care units; (2) to examine bereaved family members’ self-reported psychosocial condition, such as grief and depression as bereavement outcomes; (3) to provide data to ensure and improve the quality of care provided by participating institutions via feedback based on the results from each institution; and (4) to provide clinical and academic information regarding the implications of various issues in palliative care by conducting specific research. Methods We will conduct a cross-sectional, anonymous, self-reported questionnaire survey. In total, 153 institutions have agreed to participate in this study, meaning that approximately 12,240 bereaved family members (n = 80/institution) will be sent a questionnaire. Discussion This is one of the largest cross-sectional bereavement surveys to evaluate the quality of specialized palliative care for patients with cancer, both in Japan and worldwide. The large sample size of this study will enable wide analyses of specific targets and topics.

Published
2024
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92. Prognostic nutritional index is an independent risk factor for continuing S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection

Author

Shinnosuke Kawahara, Toru Aoyama, Masaaki Murakawa, Rei Kanemoto, Daishi Takahashi, Yuto Kamioka, Itaru Hashimoto, Yukio Maezawa, Satoshi Kobayashi, Makoto Ueno, Naoto Yamamoto, Takashi Oshima, Norio Yukawa, Yasushi Rino, Aya Saito, and Soichiro Morinaga

Subjects
Pancreatic cancer, Prognostic nutritional index, Adjuvant chemotherapy, S-1, Risk factor, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Purpose Reports on the association of perioperative nutritional and inflammatory status with the clinical course of adjuvant chemotherapy did not include neoadjuvant chemotherapy. We aimed to clarify the mechanism by which perioperative nutritional and inflammatory status affect the clinical course of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods We enrolled 123 patients with pancreatic cancer retrospectively who underwent surgical resection with neoadjuvant and S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy between January 2013 and December 2022. The duration of continuing S-1 treatment and the continuation rates at 3 and 6 months after initiating adjuvant chemotherapy were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. The log-rank test was used to evaluate statistical differences between the high and low prognostic nutritional index (PNI) groups. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for continuing S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy. Results The optimal cut-off value for preoperative PNI was 45. Preoperative PNI was an independent risk factor for continuing S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy in patients who underwent perioperative adjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection (hazard ratio = 2.435, 95% confidence interval = 1.229 − 4.824, p = 0.011). Low PNI was associated with lower S-1completion (p = 0.02) and higher S-1 withdrawal (p = 0.031). Additionally, the preoperative PNI status affected ≥ grade 2 adverse events caused by adjuvant chemotherapy (p

Published
2024
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93. Altered genomic methylation promotes Staphylococcus aureus persistence in hospital environment

Author

Yuriko Yamazaki, Tomoka Ito, Seitaro Nakagawa, Takashi Sugihira, Chinami Kurita-Tachibana, Amer E. Villaruz, Kensuke Ishiguro, Barbora Salcman, Shuo Li, Sanami Takada, Naohiro Inohara, Yoko Kusuya, Aki Shibata, Masakazu Tamai, Reika Aoyama, Kanako Inoue, Shota Murata, Kazuyuki Matsushita, Akiko Miyabe, Toshibumi Taniguchi, Hidetoshi Igari, Naruhiko Ishiwada, Masateru Taniguchi, Taka-Aki Nakada, Hiroyuki Matsue, Manabu Fujimoto, Haruka Hishiki, Yoshiteru Osone, Hiromichi Hamada, Naoki Shimojo, Tsutomu Suzuki, Michael Otto, Gabriel Núñez, Hiroki Takahashi, Akiko Takaya, and Yuumi Nakamura

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus can cause outbreaks and becomes multi-drug resistant through gene mutations and acquiring resistance genes. However, why S. aureus easily adapts to hospital environments, promoting resistance and recurrent infections, remains unknown. Here we show that a specific S. aureus lineage evolved from a clone that expresses the accessory gene regulator (Agr) system to subclones that reversibly suppressed Agr and caused an outbreak in the hospital setting. S. aureus with flexible Agr regulation shows increased ability to acquire antibiotic-resistant plasmids, escape host immunity, and colonize mice. Bacteria with flexible Agr regulation shows altered cytosine genomic methylation, including the decreased 5mC methylation in transcriptional regulator genes (pcrA and rpsD), compared to strains with normal Agr expression patterns. In this work, we discover how altered genomic methylation promotes flexible Agr regulation which is associated with persistent pathogen colonization in the hospital environment.

Published
2024
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94. Effects of Radio-Taiso on Health-related Quality of Life in Older Adults With Frailty: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Yosuke Osuka, Narumi Kojima, Kaori Daimaru, Risa Ono, Masamitsu Sugie, Takuya Omura, Keiko Motokawa, Takuya Ueda, Kazushi Maruo, Toshihiko Aoyama, Shigeru Inoue, and Hiroyuki Sasai

Subjects
exercise, patient-reported outcome, randomized controlled trial, multi-component physical activity, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: Radio-Taiso, a long-standing exercise program in Japan, could be a sustainable public health strategy for maintaining quality of life (QoL) in older adults with frailty. This study aimed to investigate whether Radio-Taiso provided greater benefits for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and to identify the mechanisms underlying the effectiveness in this population. Methods: A 12-week randomized controlled trial enrolled 226 older Japanese adults with pre-frailty or frailty, assessed using the modified frailty phenotype. Participants were randomly allocated to the intervention (Radio-Taiso + nutrition program) or control (nutrition program) groups. The Radio-Taiso program comprised five 60-min group sessions and daily practice at the participants’ homes. The primary outcome was the change in the mental domain of HRQoL, assessed using the SF-36®. The secondary outcomes included six physical fitness items and exercise self-efficacy. Results: Overall, 104 and 105 participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively, were analyzed based on the intention-to-treat principle. The median daily practice rate of Radio-Taiso was 94.1% (interquartile range, 73.2–98.8%). Although general linear models adjusted for baseline values and allocation stratification factors showed that the intervention group obtained greater benefits (adjusted mean differences) in the up-and-go (0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1 to 0.6 s), 2-min step-in-place (−3.2; 95% CI, −6.2 to −0.2 steps) tests, and exercise self-efficacy scale (−1.4; 95% CI, −2.6 to −0.1 points) than the control group, there were no group differences in changes in the mental domain score of HRQoL. Conclusion: Radio-Taiso provided greater benefits for agility/dynamic balance, aerobic endurance, and exercise self-efficacy in older adults with frailty; however, these changes do not improve HRQoL.

Published
2024
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95. Discovery of novel protective agents for infection-related delirium through bispectral electroencephalography

Author

Tsuyoshi Nishiguchi, Kyosuke Yamanishi, Shivani Patel, Johnny R. Malicoat, Nathan James Phuong, Tomoteru Seki, Takaya Ishii, Bun Aoyama, Akiyoshi Shimura, Nipun Gorantla, Takehiko Yamanashi, Masaaki Iwata, Andrew A. Pieper, and Gen Shinozaki

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Abstract Delirium is a multifactorial medical condition of waxing and waning impairment across various domains of mental functioning over time. Importantly, delirium is also one of the greatest risk factors for prolonged hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Studying this important condition is challenging due to the difficulty in both objective diagnosis in patients and validation of laboratory models. As a result, there is a lack of protective treatments for delirium. Our recent studies report the efficacy of bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG) in diagnosing delirium in patients and predicting patient outcomes, advancing the concept that this simple measure could represent an additional vital sign for patients. Here, we applied BSEEG to characterize and validate a novel lipopolysaccharide (LPS) mouse model of infection-related delirium. We then applied this model to evaluate the protective efficacy of three putative therapeutic agents: the conventional antipsychotic medication haloperidol, the neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20, and the antibiotic minocycline. Aged mice were more susceptible than young mice to LPS-induced aberration in BSEEG, reminiscent of the greater vulnerability of older adults to delirium. In both young and old mice, P7C3-A20 and minocycline administration prevented LPS-induced BSEEG abnormality. By contrast, haloperidol did not. P7C3-A20 and minocycline have been shown to limit different aspects of LPS toxicity, and our data offers proof of principle that these agents might help protect patients from developing infection-related delirium. Thus, utilization of BSEEG in a mouse model for infection-related delirium can identify putative therapeutic agents for applications in patient clinical trials.

Published
2024
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96. The Comprehensive Archive of Substellar and Planetary Accretion Rates

Author

Betti, S. K., Follette, K. B., Ward-Duong, K., Peck, A. E., Aoyama, Y., Bary, J., Dacus, B., Edwards, S., Marleau, G. -D., Mohamed, K., Palmo, J., Plunkett, C., Robinson, C., and Wang, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Accretion rates ($\dot{M}$) of young stars show a strong correlation with object mass ($M$); however, extension of the $\dot{M}-M$ relation into the substellar regime is less certain. Here, we present the Comprehensive Archive of Substellar and Planetary Accretion Rates (CASPAR), the largest to-date compilation of substellar accretion diagnostics. CASPAR includes: 658 stars, 130 brown dwarfs, and 10 bound planetary mass companions. In this work, we investigate the contribution of methodological systematics to scatter in the $\dot{M}-M$ relation, and compare brown dwarfs to stars. In our analysis, we rederive all quantities using self-consistent models, distances, and empirical line flux to accretion luminosity scaling relations to reduce methodological systematics. This treatment decreases the original $1\sigma$ scatter in the $\log \dot{M}-\log M$ relation by $\sim17$%, suggesting that it makes only a small contribution to the dispersion. CASPAR rederived values are best fit by $\dot{M}\propto M^{2.02\pm0.06}$ from 10~$M_\mathrm{J}$ to 2~$M_\odot$, confirming previous results. However, we argue that the brown dwarf and stellar populations are better described separately and by accounting for both mass and age. Therefore, we derive separate age-dependent $\dot{M}-M$ relations for these regions, and find a steepening in the brown dwarf $\dot{M}-M$ slope with age. Within this mass regime, the scatter decreases from 1.36 dex to 0.94 dex, a change of $\sim$44%. This result highlights the significant role that evolution plays in the overall spread of accretion rates, and suggests that brown dwarfs evolve faster than stars, potentially as a result of different accretion mechanisms., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ. 38 pages, 21 figures, 11 tables. The database can be found online at Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8393054

Published
2023

97. What's Hard in English RST Parsing? Predictive Models for Error Analysis

Author

Liu, Yang Janet, Aoyama, Tatsuya, and Zeldes, Amir

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language
Abstract

Despite recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP), hierarchical discourse parsing in the framework of Rhetorical Structure Theory remains challenging, and our understanding of the reasons for this are as yet limited. In this paper, we examine and model some of the factors associated with parsing difficulties in previous work: the existence of implicit discourse relations, challenges in identifying long-distance relations, out-of-vocabulary items, and more. In order to assess the relative importance of these variables, we also release two annotated English test-sets with explicit correct and distracting discourse markers associated with gold standard RST relations. Our results show that as in shallow discourse parsing, the explicit/implicit distinction plays a role, but that long-distance dependencies are the main challenge, while lack of lexical overlap is less of a problem, at least for in-domain parsing. Our final model is able to predict where errors will occur with an accuracy of 76.3% for the bottom-up parser and 76.6% for the top-down parser., Comment: SIGDIAL 2023 camera-ready; 12 pages

Published
2023

98. Configuration sampling in multi-component multi-sublattice systems enabled by ab Initio Configuration Sampling Toolkit (abICS)

Author

Kasamatsu, Shusuke, Motoyama, Yuichi, Yoshimi, Kazuyoshi, and Aoyama, Tatsumi

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

Simulation of the intermediate levels of disorder found in multi-component multi-sublattice systems in various functional materials is a challenging issue, even for state-of-the-art methodologies based on first-principles calculation. Here, we introduce our open-source package ab Initio Configuration Sampling Toolkit (abICS), which combines high-throughput first-principles calculations, machine learning, and parallel extended ensemble sampling in an active learning setting to enable such simulations. The theoretical background is reviewed in some detail followed by brief notes on usage of the software. In addition, our recent applications of abICS to multi-component ionic systems and their interfaces for energy applications are reviewed as demonstration of the power of this approach., Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023

99. Few-Shot Learning of Force-Based Motions From Demonstration Through Pre-training of Haptic Representation

Author

Aoyama, Marina Y., Moura, João, Saito, Namiko, and Vijayakumar, Sethu

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

In many contact-rich tasks, force sensing plays an essential role in adapting the motion to the physical properties of the manipulated object. To enable robots to capture the underlying distribution of object properties necessary for generalising learnt manipulation tasks to unseen objects, existing Learning from Demonstration (LfD) approaches require a large number of costly human demonstrations. Our proposed semi-supervised LfD approach decouples the learnt model into an haptic representation encoder and a motion generation decoder. This enables us to pre-train the first using large amount of unsupervised data, easily accessible, while using few-shot LfD to train the second, leveraging the benefits of learning skills from humans. We validate the approach on the wiping task using sponges with different stiffness and surface friction. Our results demonstrate that pre-training significantly improves the ability of the LfD model to recognise physical properties and generate desired wiping motions for unseen sponges, outperforming the LfD method without pre-training. We validate the motion generated by our semi-supervised LfD model on the physical robot hardware using the KUKA iiwa robot arm. We also validate that the haptic representation encoder, pre-trained in simulation, captures the properties of real objects, explaining its contribution to improving the generalisation of the downstream task.

Published
2023

100. Intranasal Chemosensory Lateralization Through the Multi-electrode Transcutaneous Electrical Nasal Bridge Stimulation

Author

Matsui, Ayari, Amemiya, Tomohiro, Narumi, Takuji, and Aoyama, Kazuma

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Numerous studies have been conducted on display techniques for intranasal chemosensory perception. However, a limited number of studies have focused on the presentation of sensory spatial information. To artificially produce intranasal chemosensory spatial perception, we focused on a technique to induce intranasal chemosensation by transcutaneous electrical stimulation between the nasal bridge and the back of the neck. Whether this technique stimulates the trigeminal nerve or the olfactory nerve remains debatable; if this method stimulates the trigeminal nerve, the differences in the amount of stimulation to the left and right trigeminal branches would evoke lateralization of intranasal chemosensory perception. Therefore, we propose a novel method to lateralize intranasal chemosensation by selectively stimulating the left or right trigeminal nerve branches through the shifting of an electrode on the nasal bridge to the left or right. Finite element simulations reveal that electrical stimulation applied between the electrodes on the left/right nasal bridge and the back of the neck results in the construction of a high current density area on the left/right branch of the trigeminal nerve. The results of two psychophysical experiments reveal that intranasal chemosensation can be lateralized by using the proposed method. The results of our experiment also suggest that lateralization is not the result of electrically induced tactile sensation of the skin surface but rather due to the distribution of stimuli to the trigeminal nerves. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first successful lateralization of intranasal chemosensation that utilizes an easy-to-apply method without involving nostril blocking.

Published
2023

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