301 results on '"Antonio Preti"'
Search Results
52. Neurodevelopmental Antecedents and Sensory Phenomena in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review Supporting a Phenomenological-Developmental Model
- Author
-
Michele Poletti, Eva Gebhardt, Lorenzo Pelizza, Antonio Preti, and Andrea Raballo
- Subjects
Corollary discharge ,Intrusive thoughts ,Neurodevelopment ,Obsessive compulsive disorder ,Phenomenology ,Schizophrenia spectrum disorders ,Sense of agency ,Sensory phenomena ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology - Abstract
Background: The majority of models on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) endorse a top-down perspective on the cognitive mechanisms underlying OCD functioning and maintenance, whereas a bottom-up perspective is rarely pursued. Objectives: The aim of the study was to review the empirical literature on sensory phenomena (SP) and neurodevelopmental antecedents of OCD, which could support the conceptualization of an alternative, bottom-up perspective integrating neurodevelopmental and phenomenological levels of analysis on OCD. Methods: A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Library, and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and focused on SP and “neurodevelopmental antecedents” (operationalized in early risk factors, neuroimaging signs, neurological soft signs, and sensory responsivity). The time interval was from inception up to March 31, 2022. Results: From the search in electronic databases, 48 studies were retained and reviewed. SP are highly prevalent in OCD patients and overrepresented in comparison with healthy controls. Similarly, OCD patients also present a higher prevalence of early environmental adversities and sensorimotor alterations in terms of neurological soft signs and sensory over-responsivity in the tactile and acoustic domains; additional findings included hypogyrification signs at neuroimaging. Both sensorimotor alterations and SP are associated with tic-related manifestations and poorer insight in OCD patients. Conclusions: On the ground of established common subjective experience of SP and premorbid neurodevelopmental features, we hypothesized an explanatory model for OCD, which considers the possible pathophysiological role for altered corollary discharge and enhanced error detection in the neurodevelopment of SP and obsessions. SP may represent the subjective experiential resonance of an individual history of persistently inaccurate sensory predictions, whereas accompanying manifestations, such as the obsessive need for order and symmetry, may represent a compensatory attempt to mitigate SP. This neurodevelopmental-phenomenological bottom-up model, describing a dimensional gradient of sensorimotor alterations and related subjective experiences, may contribute to explain the dimensional affinity between OCD and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, this model could be useful for the early detection of subjects at higher risk of OCD.
- Published
- 2022
53. Affective cognition in eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance on the 'Reading the Mind in the Eyes' Test
- Author
-
Antonio Preti, Sara Siddi, Enrica Marzola, and Giovanni Abbate Daga
- Subjects
Theory of Mind ,Anorexia nervosa ,Social cognition ,Feeding and Eating Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Meta-analysis ,Cognition ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Binge eating disorder ,Bulimia nervosa ,Humans ,Obesity - Abstract
Background The Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) is listed in the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria as a tool apt to measure the understanding of others’ mental states. People diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN) showed poorer performances on the RMET than healthy controls. Less data are available concerning other eating disorders. Methods Systematic review of four major databases from inception to July 15, 2021 following the PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional observational studies comparing the scores of the RMET between patients with eating disorders and age- and-gender matched control groups. Results Out of 21 studies, we retrieved 29 independent samples of patients diagnosed with an eating disorder. Patients with active AN (n = 580) showed worse performances on the RMET than controls (n = 1019). Year of publication accounted for 61% of the (substantial: I2 = 81%) heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Earlier studies were more likely to find worse performances on the RMET of patients with active AN than later studies. Patients with bulimia nervosa (n = 185) performed poorly as compared to controls (n = 249), but the results were not statistically significant on the random-effect model. Obese patients with binge-eating disorder (n = 54) did not differ on the RMET from obese controls (n = 52). Patients with eating disorder not otherwise specified (n = 57) showed minimal differences compared to controls (n = 96). Study quality was good in six studies only. Conclusions Patients with eating disorders do not suffer from an impaired understanding of others’ mental states, except for a still-to-be-identified subgroup of patients with active AN. Level of evidence I, systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Published
- 2022
54. Cognitive insight in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis compared to patients with first-episode psychosis and non-psychotic help-seeking youths
- Author
-
Antonio, Preti, Simona, Barbera, Lara, Malvini, Linda, Confalonieri, Alberto, Parabiaghi, Nadia, Magnani, Antonio, Lora, Emanuela, Butteri, Katia, Prato, Marco, Vaggi, and Mauro, Percudani
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Ultra-high risk ,Cognitive insight ,Adolescent ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Psychosis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Young Adult ,Cognition ,Psychotic Disorders ,Schizophrenia ,Humans ,Female ,Insight ,General Psychology - Abstract
Defective insight is a hallmark of schizophrenia. Less is known about insight in emerging psychosis. In this study a widely used measure of cognitive insight, the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS), has been applied to a sample including patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis, and help-seeking youths without psychotic symptoms.The Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental State (CAARMS) interview was used to classify patients. Enrolled patients were assessed with the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), the Prodromal Questionnaire-16 (PQ-16), the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), and the BCIS.The sample included 212 participants (58%) with non-psychotic mental distress, 131 participants (36%) were UHR, and 22 (6%) were with FEP. Males and females were in equal proportion, mean age was 19.2 ± 2.6 years old (range: 15-25 years). Reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was good for clinical scales (0.7) and acceptable (around 0.6) for the two BCIS subscales. The self-certainty subscale of the BCIS was more reproducible in factor analysis than the self-reflectiveness scale. Youths devoid of psychotic symptoms scored lower than UHR and FEP participants on the GHQ-12 and the PQ-16 and had better psychosocial functioning as measured by the SOFAS. Levels of cognitive insight did not differ between groups.People in the early stages of psychosis may be still accessible to self-reflectiveness and more hesitant about the certainty of their beliefs than patients at more advanced stages of the illness, as those with fully displayed schizophrenia.
- Published
- 2022
55. Adjunctive treatment with psychostimulants and stimulant-like drugs for resistant bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Michael D Mintzas, Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Evangelia M. Tsapakis, and Antonio Preti
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Modafinil ,Placebo ,law.invention ,Armodafinil ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lisdexamphetamine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Bipolar disorder ,Adverse effect ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Meta-analysis ,Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Depression ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,chemistry ,Adjunctive treatment ,Number needed to treat ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
BackgroundDepression is considered to be the most difficult to treat phase of bipolar disorder as patients experience residual symptoms causing long-term disability. This work aims to explore the role of add-on stimulant and stimulant-like medication in resistant bipolar depression patients.MethodsSystematic review of add-on stimulants and stimulant-like drugs in resistant bipolar depression by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Analysis was performed using the random-effects models. Heterogeneity was evaluated with Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics.ResultsSix randomized controlled trials of add-on modafinil, armodafinil, and lisdexamphetamine (LDX) (n = 813) vs placebo (n = 815) in the treatment of resistant bipolar depression were included. These drugs were more likely to induce remission from an episode of resistant bipolar depression (relative risk [RR] = 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.77; number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome = 16). Moreover, they did not induce more dropouts than placebo (RR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.91-1.18), nor did they increase the risk of adverse effects (53/772 vs 41/771) at the end of treatment (RR = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.81-2.10; number needed to treat for an additional harmful outcome = 62). Suicidality and manic switch were not affected by active treatment. Heterogeneity was low (Cochran’s Q: P > .05), but sometimes with a large CI.ConclusionsLDX, modafinil, and armodafinil seem to offer a reasonably well-tolerated and safe treatment in resistant bipolar depression. Treatment guidelines should, therefore, be revised to include these medications earlier in the therapeutic algorithm for resistant acute bipolar depression. Further research is, however, necessary for the elucidation of the clinical usefulness of these and other similar compounds.
- Published
- 2020
56. In Memory of Hagop Akiskal
- Author
-
Antonio Preti, Andreas Erfurth, Heinz Grunze, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Elie Karam, Michele Fornaro, Francesc Colom, Elie Hantouche, Mauro Giovanni Carta, and Eduard Vieta
- Subjects
Wisdom ,Integrity ,Information retrieval ,Trastorn bipolar ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Saviesa ,Integritat ,MEDLINE ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Text mining ,Clinical Practice Epidemiology in Mental Health ,Manic-depressive illness ,Homenatges ,Festschriften ,business ,Psychology ,Temperament - Abstract
The death of Hagop Akiskal left a great void in all who knew him, and many of us knew him, indeed, all over the world. Hagop was an attentive clinician and innovative researcher as well as a mentor who accompanied the growth of many young psychiatrists, a researcher sometimes controversial, never predictable, whose reflections have changed the way of seeing and conceiving mental illness in recent decades. And, above all, a gifted visionary that changed the field of bipolar disorders for better and forever. He rawarded of several international prizes, including the Jean Delay Prize of the World Psychiatric Association in 2002 (perhaps the most prestigious award in the field of psychiatry).
- Published
- 2021
57. Could an Innovative Training Program Including Contact Sports and Counseling Help Young People With Traits of Psychopathy and A History of School Dropout?
- Author
-
Federica Sancassiani, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Luigi Minerba, Quirico Mela, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Maria Efisia Lecca, Ernesto D'Aloja, Sergio Machado, Maria Francesca Moro, Roberto Caria, Antonio Preti, and Elisa Pintus
- Subjects
Psychological counseling ,Quality of life ,Psychopathic personality ,050103 clinical psychology ,Epidemiology ,Psychopathy ,(PCL-R) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychopathic traits ,PCL-R ,Psychopathy Checklist ,School dropout ,05 social sciences ,medicine.disease ,Contact sports ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Diagnostic psychiatric interview ,Mentalization ,Clinical Practice Epidemiology in Mental Health ,Training program ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background: The aim was to assess the effects of a training program inclusive of contact sports and counseling on school dropout, quality of life (QoL) and psychopathologic symptoms in the youth with a history of school dropout and psychopathic personality traits. Methods: The Experimental Group (EG) consisted of 32 subjects (male 90.6%; age 19.6±4.3 years); the Control Group (CG) consisted of an equal number matched for gender and age with the same psychological features. At the beginning of the experimental Training Program (T0), both cohorts were assessed by a diagnostic psychiatric interview (SCID ANTAS), the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to evaluate QoL, the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R) for the assessment of psychopathic traits, the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) to measure general psychopathology. At the end of the program (T1), the coorths were evaluated by SF-12 and SRQ. Results: Twenty-seven subjects in the EG (84.4%) completed the course and underwent the evaluation at T1. The SF-12 score significantly increased from T0 to T1 in both groups, albeit this was more evident in the EG than in the CG, owing to an interaction between time and group. SRQ score significantly decreased in the EG from T0 to T1, while in the CG it did not, although the interaction between time and group was not significant. Conclusion: The experimental training program was effective in improving QoL and countering school dropout in young citizens with psychopathic traits. Further studies are needed to clarify if such results are due to a relationship between the practical tasks approach including contact sports and an improvement in mentalization processes.
- Published
- 2019
58. Depression, auditory-verbal hallucinations, and delusions in patients with schizophrenia: Different patterns of association with prefrontal gray and white matter volume
- Author
-
Sara Siddi, Gildas Brébion, Christian Stephan-Otto, Christian Núñez, Susana Ochoa, Antonio Preti, Jorge Cuevas-Esteban, and Carl Senior
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Elementary cognitive task ,Hallucinations ,Alogia ,Auditory-verbal hallucinations ,Neuroscience (miscellaneous) ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Delusions ,Prefrontal cortex ,Audiology ,Corpus callosum ,White matter ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,In patient ,Depressive symptoms ,Gray Matter ,Depression ,business.industry ,Anhedonia ,Organ Size ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,White Matter ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Schizophrenia ,Anxiety ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Structural brain abnormalities, including decreased gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume, have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. These decrements were found to be associated with positive and negative symptoms, but affective symptoms (depression and anxiety) were poorly explored. We hypothesized that abnormalities in GM and WM volume might also be related to affective symptoms. GM and WM volumes were calculated from high-resolution T1 structural images acquired from 24 patients with schizophrenia and 26 healthy controls, and the associations of positive, negative, and affective symptoms with the brain volumes that showed significant reduction in patients were investigated. Patients demonstrated GM volume reductions in the bilateral prefrontal cortex, and WM volume reductions in the right frontal and left corpus callosum. Prefrontal cortex volume was significantly and inversely associated with both auditory-verbal hallucinations and depression severity. WM volume alterations, in contrast, were related to alogia, anhedonia, and delusions. The combined impact of auditory-verbal hallucinations and depression on similar sub-regions of the prefrontal cortex suggests that depression is involved in hearing voices. Further, this adverse impact of depression on prefrontal GM volume may underlie the impairment demonstrated by these patients in cognitive tasks that rely on executive processes.
- Published
- 2019
59. Through the prism of comorbidity: A strategic rethinking of early intervention in obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Author
-
Antonio Preti, Anna Meneghelli, Michele Poletti, and Andrea Raballo
- Subjects
Bipolar disorder ,Early intervention ,Obsessive-compulsive disorder ,Prevention ,Psychosis ,Schizophrenia ,Staging ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,Bipolar Disorder ,Comorbidity ,Anxiety Disorders ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Humans ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
The diagnostic criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have undergone minor changes in DSM-5 yet a major turnaround intervened in the overarching categorical allocation. OCD indeed has been separated from the anxiety disorders and included in an autonomous class of OCD-related disorders. Converging factors, i.e., the specificity of the clinical phenotype, the robust evidence for familial aggregation, the availability of effective treatments, and the increasing awareness of the role of environmental factors in its onset and course make OCD a suited target for tailored early intervention programs. However, studies on the topic are still scarce and OCD remains marginally conceptualized within an overdue early detection/intervention framework. Starting from the consolidated clinical evidence of OCD extensive comorbidity with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders, we articulate a strategic proposal for a more integral incorporation of OCD within early detection and intervention paradigm.
- Published
- 2021
60. Active elderly and health—can moderate exercise improve health and wellbeing in older adults? Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
- Author
-
Paolo Contu, Roberto Demontis, Alessandra Scano, Giuliana Conti, Andrea Loviselli, Elena Massa, Maria Petronilla Penna, Maria Valeria Massidda, Gianmario Migliaccio, Marco Monticone, Gabriele Finco, Federico Cabras, Dario Fortin, Elisa Pintus, Valeria Ruggiero, Eleonora Cocco, Enrico Cacace, Quirico Mela, Laura Atzori, Omar Callia, Matthias C. Angermeyer, Sofia Cosentino, Claudia Sardu, Franco Rongioletti, Rosanna Zoccheddu, Mirra Pintus, Fernanda Velluzzi, Antonio Preti, Gioia Mura, Massimiliano Pau, Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez, Giulia Cossu, Mario Musu, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Antonio Crisafulli, Germano Orrù, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Alberto Cauli, Stefano Lorrai, Goce Kalcev, Luigi Minerba, Carta, M. G., Cossu, G., Pintus, E., Zoccheddu, R., Callia, O., Conti, G., Pintus, M., Gonzalez, C. I. A., Massidda, M. V., Mura, G., Sardu, C., Contu, P., Minerba, L., Demontis, R., Pau, M., Finco, G., Cocco, E., Penna, M. P., Orru, G., Kalcev, G., Cabras, F., Lorrai, S., Loviselli, A., Velluzzi, F., Monticone, M., Cacace, E., Musu, M., Rongioletti, F., Cauli, A., Ruggiero, V., Scano, A., Crisafulli, A., Cosentino, S., Atzori, L., Massa, E., Mela, Q., Fortin, D., Migliaccio, G., Nardi, A. E., Angermeyer, M., and Preti, A.
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Quality of life ,Male ,Medicine (General) ,Aging ,Cognition ,Depression ,Physical activity ,RCT ,Accidental Falls ,Aged ,Exercise Therapy ,Female ,Humans ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Exercise ,Quality of Life ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Physical exercise ,law.invention ,Study Protocol ,03 medical and health sciences ,R5-920 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Health care ,Medicine ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cognitive skill ,aging ,physical activity ,quality of life ,cognition ,depression ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,business.industry ,Preferred walking speed ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Aging is marked by a progressive rise in chronic diseases with an impact on social and healthcare costs. Physical activity (PA) may soothe the inconveniences related to chronic diseases, has positive effects on the quality of life and biological rhythms, and can prevent the decline in motor functions and the consequent falls, which are associated with early death and disability in older adults. Methods We randomized 120 over-65 males and females into groups of similar size and timing and will give each either moderate physical activity or cultural and recreational activities. Being younger than 65 years, inability to participate in physical activity for any medical reason, and involvement in a massive program of physical exercise are the exclusion criteria. The primary outcome measures are: quality of life, walking speed, and postural sway. Participants are tested at baseline, post-treatment, and 6-month (24 weeks) and 12-month (48 weeks) follow-ups. Discussion This study aims at improving the quality of life, wellness, and cognitive functioning in the elderly through a low-cost affordable program of moderate physical activity. Given the growing aging of the world population and the social and economic burden of disability in the elderly, our results might have a major impact on future practices. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03858114. Registered on 28 February 2019.
- Published
- 2021
61. The Self in the Spectrum:A Meta-analysis of the Evidence Linking Basic Self-Disorders and Schizophrenia
- Author
-
Antonio Preti, Josef Parnas, Andrea Raballo, and Michele Poletti
- Subjects
Self-Assessment ,Psychosis ,AcademicSubjects/MED00810 ,diagnosis ,Schizotypy ,schizophrenia spectrum ,Self-disorder ,phenomenology ,self-disorder ,subjectivity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,Self ,medicine.disease ,Mental illness ,Schizotypal personality disorder ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Schizophrenia ,Meta-analysis ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Regular Articles ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Disturbed self-experience has been reported as a characteristic feature of schizophrenia since the first formulation of its diagnostic concept; however, only in the last 2 decades an explicit notion of basic Self-disturbance, or Self-Disorders (SD), has emerged as target for a systematic research program. We conducted systematic searches in bibliographical databases to identify cross-sectional studies that explored SD across different diagnostic groups and explored diagnostic ascription within or outside schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) as main outcome. Data were pooled using fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis models. Heterogeneity was assessed using stratified meta-analyses and meta-regression. Of 218 identified studies, 32 were included in the systematic review and 27 in the meta-analysis. Patients diagnosed with SSD scored higher on measures of SD than healthy controls (HC) (Hedges’ g = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.5 to 2.0), individuals diagnosed with other mental illness (OMI) (1.9; 1.6 to 2.2), bipolar or affective disorders (1.8; 1.4 to 2.2), and clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) (1.6; 0.9 to 2.4). Patients with schizotypy or schizotypal personality disorder scored higher on measures of SD than OMI (1.5; 1.3 to 1.8) and HC (1.4; 1.1 to 1.7). Patients with first-episode psychosis scored higher on measures of SD than HC (2.5; 2.1 to 2.9) and OMI (1.6; 1.2 to 2.1). Subjects at CHR scored higher on measures of SD than HC (2.0; 1.7 to 2.2) and OMI (19; 1.6 to 2.2). Overall, heterogeneity ranged from negligible to high, especially in comparisons of the target group with OMI, probably as a reflection of the immanent diagnostic heterogeneity of this group. The findings suggest that SD selectively aggregate within schizophrenia spectrum disorders as compared to other mental disorders and that they could be a central phenotypic marker of vulnerability to schizophrenia across the different shades of severity of its spectrum of disorders.
- Published
- 2021
62. Time-course of clinical symptoms in young people at ultra-high risk for transition to psychosis
- Author
-
Lara Malvini, Mauro Percudani, Antonio Preti, Emiliano Monzani, Simona Barbera, Maria Meliante, Anna Meneghelli, and Angelo Cocchi
- Subjects
Psychosis ,Adolescent ,early intervention ,growth mixed model ,heterogeneity ,psychosis ,ultra-high risk ,Ultra high risk ,Affect (psychology) ,Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ,medicine ,Humans ,Biological Psychiatry ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,Psychopathology ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,Homogeneous ,Schizophrenia ,Time course ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultra-high risk (UHR) people are a heterogeneous group with variable outcomes. This study aimed at (a) estimating trajectories of response to treatment to identify homogeneous subgroups; (b) establishing the impact on these trajectories of known predictors of outcome in UHR subjects. METHODS Mixed models of growth curves and latent class growth analysis (LCGA) were applied to the 24-item brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS) to measure the response to treatment over 2 years in 125 UHR participants. Group differences were tested on sociodemographic variables and clinical indicators that are known to affect the outcome in UHR people. RESULTS BPRS scores decreased across all tested models, with a greater decrease for affective and positive symptoms than for all other dimensions of BPRS. Past admissions to the hospital for psychiatric reasons other than psychosis and the presence of a decline in premorbid functioning before the episode were associated with a slower decrease of BPRS score. LCGA identified three classes, one (82% of participants) with a progressive decrease in the BPRS scores, a second class with a moderate improvement (10%), and a third with no improvement (8%). Those in the 'no improvement' class had a higher chance of receiving a diagnosis of psychosis within the spectrum of schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Most UHR individuals that are treated within a specialized service undergo substantial improvement in their psychopathology, but some seem resistant to the protocol of treatment and need close reevaluation within the first 12 months of treatment.
- Published
- 2021
63. Editorial Perspective: Psychosis risk in adolescence – outcomes, comorbidity, and antipsychotics
- Author
-
Andrea Raballo, Michele Poletti, and Antonio Preti
- Subjects
Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychosis ,clinical high-risk state for psychosis ,Adolescent ,Psychosis risk ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Comorbidity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,prevention ,Intervention (counseling) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,first-episode ,Antipsychotic ,Psychiatry ,adolescence ,childhood ,evidence ,prediction ,psychosis risk ,schizophrenia ,First episode ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Early Diagnosis ,Psychotic Disorders ,Schizophrenia ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
Research on Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) has led to a vigorous change in the field of early detection in psychiatry and is gradually expanding its focus toward early development. The Annual Research Review on psychosis risk in adolescents (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62, 2020 and 657) offers a wide-angle meta-analytical picture of such emerging trends in all areas relevant to CHR-P Research, that is, detection, prognosis, and intervention. This editorial perspective is meant to expand the clinical and conceptual reach of these meta-analytic findings in relation to (a) the influence of age on transition rate and scalability of the early detection model across the child-adolescent vs adult periods; (b) potential latent heterogeneity of the pathogenetic trajectories leading to CHR-P as suggested by comorbid psychopathologies; (c) controversial (or at least problematic) prognostic significance of antipsychotic exposure in CHR-P subjects, especially in children and adolescents.
- Published
- 2021
64. Antipsychotic treatment in clinical high risk for psychosis: Protective, iatrogenic or further risk flag?
- Author
-
Michele Poletti, Antonio Preti, and Andrea Raballo
- Subjects
Psychosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Iatrogenic Disease ,MEDLINE ,General Medicine ,Antipsychotic treatment ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,business ,Flag (geometry) ,Antipsychotic Agents - Published
- 2021
65. International application of standards for health care quality, access and evaluation of services for early intervention in psychotic disorders
- Author
-
Chiachen Cheng Cheng, Donald Addington, Jo Smith, Merete Nordentoft, Antonio Preti, Anna Meneghelli, Ilana Nossel, Eoin Killackey, Paul French, and Marianne Melau
- Subjects
Canada ,media_common.quotation_subject ,community mental health services ,early intervention ,health care ,health services accessibility ,implementation science ,psychotic disorders ,quality indicators ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Excellence ,Health care ,Early Intervention, Educational ,Humans ,Quality (business) ,Biological Psychiatry ,Quality of Health Care ,media_common ,business.industry ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Early intervention in psychosis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Accountability ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Psychology ,business ,Quality assurance ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Health care quality - Abstract
Aim: Standards for health care quality, access and evaluation of early intervention in psychosis services are required to assess implementation, provide accountability to service users and funders and support quality assurance. The aim of this article is to review the application of standards in Europe and North America. Methods: Descriptive methods will be used to illustrate the organizational context in which standards are being applied and used, specific measures being applied and results so far. Results: Both fidelity scales and quality indicators of health care are being used. Fidelity scales are being applied in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Italy and United States. In England, quality indicators derived from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance are being used. Conclusion: In the last 4 years, significant progress has been made in the development and application of measures that assess quality and access to evidence-based practices for early intervention in psychosis services. This represents an important step towards providing accountability, improving outcomes and service user experience. The methods used allow for comparison between the services that are assessed with the same methods, but there is a need to compare the different methods. Further research is also required to explore links between quality of care and outcomes for community mental health services that deliver early intervention in psychotic disorders.
- Published
- 2021
66. Applying Transgenerational Scientific Evidence to the Next Wave of Early Identification Strategies for Psychopathological Risk - Transdiagnostic, Developmental, and Personalized
- Author
-
Antonio Preti, Michele Poletti, and Andrea Raballo
- Subjects
Adult ,Risk ,Psychotherapist ,Adolescent ,business.industry ,Mental Disorders ,Scientific evidence ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Transgenerational epigenetics ,Child of Impaired Parents ,Medicine ,Humans ,Identification (biology) ,Family ,Disease Susceptibility ,business ,Child ,Psychopathology - Published
- 2021
67. Living With Bipolar Disorder in the Time of Covid-19: Biorhythms During the Severe Lockdown in Cagliari, Italy, and the Moderate Lockdown in Tunis, Tunisia
- Author
-
Mauro Giovanni Carta, Uta Ouali, Alessandra Perra, Azza Ben Cheikh Ahmed, Laura Boe, Amina Aissa, Stefano Lorrai, Giulia Cossu, Alessandro Aresti, Antonio Preti, and Fethi Nacef
- Subjects
Psychiatry ,bipolar disorder ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Chronobiology ,Future studies ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,biorhythms ,COVID-19 ,depressive episodes ,lockdown ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,business.industry ,Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ,Dysfunctional family ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,medicine ,Observational study ,Circadian rhythm ,Bipolar disorder ,business ,Original Research - Abstract
Background: Restrictions during Covid-19 pandemic lockdown, in which rhythms of life have been compromised, can influence the course of bipolar disorder (BD). This study follows patients with bipolar disorder living in two geographically close cities (Cagliari and Tunis), but with different lockdown conditions: less severe in Tunis.Methods: Two cohorts were evaluated during lockdown (April 2020, t0) and 2 months later with lockdown lifted for a month (t1). Individuals were: over 18 years old without gender exclusion, BD I or II, in care for at least 1 year, received a clinical interview in the month before the start of the lockdown, stable clinically before the lockdown. The assessment was conducted by telephone by a psychiatrist or psychologist with good knowledge of patients. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-5 criteria. Depressive symptoms were collected through the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; cut-off 14 indicative of depressive episode. Circadian rhythms were measured using the BRIAN scale.Results: Forty individuals in Cagliari (70%female, age 48.57 ± 11.64) and 30 in Tunis (53.3% Female, age 41.8 ± 13.22) were recruited. In Cagliari at t0 45% had depressive episodes against none in Tunis, a similar difference appeared at t1. At t0 and t1 the Cagliari sample had more dysfunctional scores in the overall BRIAN scale and in the areas of sleep, activities and social rhythms; no differences were found in nutrition, both samples had predominantly nocturnal rhythm. In Cagliari at t0 and t1, the depressive sub-group showed more dysfunctional scores in the BRIAN areas sleep, activity, and nutrition. However, the differences in biological rhythms resulted, through ANCOVA analysis, independent of the co-presence of depressive symptoms.Discussion: A rigid lockdown could expose people with BD to depressive relapse through dysregulation of biological rhythms. The return to more functional rhythms did not appear 1 month after lockdown. The rekindling of the pandemic and the restoration of new restrictive measures will prevent, at least in the short term, the beneficial effect of a return to normality of the two cohorts.This was a limited exploratory study; future studies with larger samples and longer observational time are needed to verify the hypothesis.
- Published
- 2020
68. Dietary Habits and Psychological States during COVID-19 Home Isolation in Italian College Students: The Role of Physical Exercise
- Author
-
Sabrina Zeppa, Fabio Ferrini, Marco Gervasi, Vilberto Stocchi, Stefano Amatori, Antonio Preti, Davide Sisti, Fabrizio Perroni, Carlo Baldari, Piero Sestili, Erica Gobbi, Marco B. L. Rocchi, and Giovanni Piccoli
- Subjects
Male ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Diet ,Exercise ,Lifestyle ,Mood ,Quarantine ,Young adults ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Social isolation ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,exercise ,Depression ,quarantine ,Mental Health ,Italy ,Social Isolation ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Adult ,young adults ,Mediation (statistics) ,lifestyle ,Adolescent ,Universities ,mood ,Physical exercise ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,Students ,Life Style ,Pandemics ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Feeding Behavior ,Mental health ,Affect ,diet ,Quality of Life ,Observational study ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Food Science - Abstract
Social isolation has adverse effects on mental health, physical exercise, and dietary habits. This longitudinal observational study aimed to investigate the effects of mood states and exercise on nutritional choices, on 176 college students (92 males, 84 females, 23 ±, 4 years old) during the COVID-19 lockdown. During 21 days, nutrition and exercise were daily monitored, and the mood states assessed. A factor analysis was used to reduce the number of nutritional variables collected. The relationships between exercise, mood and nutrition were investigated using a multivariate general linear model and a mediation model. Seven factors were found, reflecting different nutritional choices. Exercise was positively associated with fruit, vegetables and fish consumption (p = 0.004). Depression and quality of life were, directly and inversely, associated with cereals, legumes (p = 0.005, p = 0.004) and low-fat meat intake (p = 0.040, p = 0.004). Exercise mediated the effect of mood states on fruit, vegetables and fish consumption, respectively, accounting for 4.2% and 1.8% of the total variance. Poorer mood states possibly led to unhealthy dietary habits, which can themselves be linked to negative mood levels. Exercise led to healthier nutritional choices, and mediating the effects of mood states, it might represent a key measure in uncommon situations, such as home-confinement.
- Published
- 2020
69. Addressing psychological distress in people bereaved through suicide: From care to cure
- Author
-
Paolo Scocco, Stefano Totaro, Antonio Preti, and Carlo Idotta
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Psychological Distress ,Suicide prevention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,Meditation ,Survivors ,Psychiatry ,education ,Child ,Biological Psychiatry ,media_common ,Emotion ,education.field_of_study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,humanities ,Complicated grief ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Suicide ,Postvention ,Grief ,Female ,Survivor ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Bereavement - Abstract
To illustrate the main characteristics of the request for and choice of support by a population accessing a dedicated service for people bereaved through suicide.The participants were divided first according to their reason for requesting support and based on their choice of intervention, which were "caring" services (improve knowledge about suicide prevention, postvention and grief support) and "curing" services (psychotherapy, chat groups, and meditation retreats).The study was based on 539 participants, chiefly middle-aged women. Most had lost kin and the time since suicide ranged from 1day to 45 years. The main reasons for contacting the service were: seeking help for symptoms (42%), connecting with other suicide survivors (19%); 15% reported not knowing what to ask for. Among the participants, 30% participated in the "curing" interventions; they were slightly older and had more grief symptoms, some above the threshold for complicated grief. These participants had more often survived a child or partner and more frequently sought contact with other survivors or were more likely to be seeking help for symptoms.The presence on the web of a project specialized in the care of suicide survivors can provide a resource bringing them closer to curing their emotional pain.
- Published
- 2020
70. Perinatal Mental Health: One of the Biggest Challenges in Coronavirus Disease-19 Crisis
- Author
-
Mauro Giovanni Carta, Goce Kalcev, Germano Orrù, and Antonio Preti
- Subjects
Breastfeeding ,Mothers ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Disease ,Perinatal ,Mental ,law.invention ,Coronavirus disease-19 ,03 medical and health sciences ,stress ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Environmental health ,Quarantine ,Pandemic ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Risk factor ,business.industry ,Transmission (medicine) ,Health ,Stress ,General Medicine ,Mental health ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 epidemic is currently conceived as one of the major factors for stress and anxiety for pregnant women around the world. Stress, especially in early pregnancy, is a risk factor for preterm birth. The negative impact of quarantine on mental health in pregnant women should also be taken into account. A large number of benefits of breastfeeding for the mental and physical well-being of both mother and newborn outweigh the potential risks of COVID-19-related transmission and disease. Prenatal and postnatal mental health should be prioritized in facing the current ongoing pandemic.
- Published
- 2020
71. Aberrant salience in adolescents is related to indicators of psychopathology that are relevant in the prodromal phases of psychosis
- Author
-
Cinzia Niolu, Alberto Siracusano, Giulia Lisi, Michele Ribolsi, Antonio Preti, and Andrea Raballo
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychosis ,Adolescent ,Population ,Prodromal Symptoms ,aberrant salience ,Anxiety ,prodrome ,psychosis ,schizophrenia ,screening ,Prodrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Biological Psychiatry ,education.field_of_study ,Salience (language) ,Psychopathology ,Thought disorder ,medicine.disease ,Latent class model ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Settore MED/25 ,Italy ,Psychotic Disorders ,Schizophrenia ,Female ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Aim Aberrant salience has been considered as a predisposing factor during prodromal phases of psychosis and in ultra high-risk subjects. Most studies investigated the presence of aberrant salience in general population as a measure of vulnerability to psychosis. This study aimed atinvestigating the level of aberrant salience in a sample of Italian high-school students. Methods Aberrant salience was measured with the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) and its association with measures of general psychopathology (Youth Self Report [YSR]) was tested. A sample of 312 high school students (115 boys, 197 girls; age range: 14 to 19) was recruited. Results Within the ASI and the YSR, the subscales did associate with each other at medium to large effect size, while the associations of the ASI subscales to the YRS scales had small effect sizes, indicating that the two tools measure different constructs. Latent Class Analysis revealed a distribution of aberrant salience across three classes with the intermediate class corresponding to more than half of the sample (58.3%). The class with the highest endorsement of the ASI items included 101 subjects (32.4%). Greater differences by classes were found in the "increased significance" and the "impending understanding" subscales. Higher aberrant salience was found on the anxious/depressed, the somatic complaints, and the thought problems scales of the YSR. Conclusions Aberrant salience represents a common experience in the adolescent population and is associated with various psychopathological disorders, in particular, thought disorder. Aberrant salience might be involved in proneness to psychosis.
- Published
- 2020
72. Cognitive remediation for inpatients with psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Antonio Preti, Matteo Cella, Juliana Onwumere, Thomas S. Price, Sukhi Shergill, and Holly Corboy
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Aftercare ,inpatient ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,systematic review ,law ,Memory ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,psychosis ,Psychiatry ,Applied Psychology ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Inpatients ,Inpatient care ,Cognitive remediation ,schizophrenia ,business.industry ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Cognitive Remediation ,Patient Discharge ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,Schizophrenia ,Cognitive remediation therapy ,Meta-analysis ,Female ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Cognitive difficulties are common in people with psychosis and associated with considerable disability. Cognitive remediation (CR) can reduce the burden of cognitive difficulties and improve functioning. While mental health care has predominantly shifted to the community, people with greater illness severity and complexity, and those with poor response to treatment and concomitant greater cognitive difficulties, continue to receive inpatient care. The aim of this study is to review and evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of CR for inpatients with psychosis. A systematic search was used to identify randomized controlled trials of CR for inpatients with psychosis. Demographic and clinical information was extracted by independent raters together with therapy outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Assessment tool. Standardized mean change for cognitive and functional outcomes was calculated using Hedges's g and used to infer therapy effects with meta-analysis. Twenty studies were identified considering 1509 participants. Results from random-effect models suggested that CR was effective in improving processing speed (g = 0.48), memory (g = 0.48) and working memory (g = 0.56). While there was an indication of improvements in the levels of vocational, social and global functioning, these were less reliable. On average, 7% of participants dropped-out of treatment. Studies methodological quality was moderate. CR is an acceptable intervention for inpatients with psychosis and can lead to significant cognitive improvements. Evidence for improvement in functioning requires more robust and converging evidence. Future research should extend the evaluation of inpatient CR to subsequent post-discharge community functioning and further need for care.
- Published
- 2020
73. Assessing aberrant salience in young community help-seekers with early psychosis: The approved Italian version of the Aberrant Salience Inventory
- Author
-
Andrea Raballo, Federica Paterlini, Sara Garlassi, Ilaria Scazza, Silvia Azzali, David C. Cicero, Lorenzo Pelizza, Michele Poletti, Luigi Rocco Chiri, Simona Pupo, and Antonio Preti
- Subjects
early psychosis ,Mental Health Services ,050103 clinical psychology ,Psychosis ,Psychometrics ,Early detection ,aberrant salience ,early detection ,first episode psychosis ,prodrome ,psychosis proneness ,ultrahigh risk ,Prodrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Seekers ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Reliability (statistics) ,Salience (language) ,Early psychosis ,05 social sciences ,Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Clinical Psychology ,Italy ,Psychotic Disorders ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Objectives Aberrant salience (AS) has a crucial role in the onset of psychosis. The Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) is the only self-report instrument specifically developed for the assessment of AS. Aim of this study was to examine the reliability and the validity of the approved Italian version of the ASI in a clinical sample of young help-seekers. Methods The ASI was completed by 204 individuals, aged 13-35 years. Reliability was assessed examining internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Concordant validity was established with CAARMS ("Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States"). Results The ASI showed high test-retest reliability and excellent internal consistency. The ASI total score had significant positive correlations with CAARMS "Positive Symptoms" subscores. Conclusions The ASI showed satisfactory psychometric properties and seems to be a suitable instrument for early detection of psychosis in Italian mental health services.
- Published
- 2020
74. Investigating subjective cognitive complaints in psychosis: Introducing the brief scale to Investigate cognition in schizophrenia (SSTICS-Brief)
- Author
-
Martin Lepage, Ridha Joober, Srividya N. Iyer, Matteo Cella, Ashok Malla, Antonio Preti, Til Wykes, and Michael Bodnar
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychosis ,Canada ,Self-Assessment ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,assessment ,Neuropsychological Tests ,03 medical and health sciences ,Diagnostic Self Evaluation ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cognition ,medicine ,Humans ,psychosis ,Neuropsychology ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United Kingdom ,030227 psychiatry ,schizophrenia ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,Schizophrenia ,Scale (social sciences) ,Female ,Schizophrenic Psychology ,Self Report ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,subjective ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background: Cognitive difficulties are a core deficit for people with schizophrenia and are generally assessed with neuropsychological tests. Self-report assessments are also useful in understanding difficulties from the service user’s perspective. This study aims to introduce and test the shorter version of the Subjective Scale to Investigate Cognition in Schizophrenia (SSTICS) to improve its acceptability and comprehensibility. Methods: In consultation with service users and clinicians, we identified items from the original 21-item SSTICS that were found difficult and these were excluded. The reduced scale was explored with Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in two independent samples in the UK and Canada. Convergent validity with symptoms and IQ was assessed and compared between the original and the reduced scale. Results: Six-hundred and seven people with schizophrenia and first-episode psychosis took part in this study. Seven items were removed to produce the SSTICS-Brief. This had good reliability and the CFA confirmed a unidimensional structure. Convergent validity with symptoms and IQ were optimal between the long and short versions. Conclusions: The SSTICS-B has better acceptability than its longer form and could be administered in less time. The resulting measure is likely to be a valuable short self-assessment of cognitive complaints for people with schizophrenia.
- Published
- 2020
75. The factor structure of the mood disorder questionnaire in Tunisian patients
- Author
-
R. Jomli, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Uta Ouali, Lamia Jouini, Antonio Preti, Fethi Nacef, Adel Omrani, and Yosra Zgueb
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Bipolar disorder ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cronbach's alpha ,Hypomania/mania ,medicine ,Early detection ,Factorial validity ,Mood Disorder Questionnaire ,Major depressive episode ,Factor analysis ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Practice Epidemiology in Mental Health ,Major depressive disorder ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background:The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) is a frequently used screening tool for the early detection of Bipolar Disorder (BD), which is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed at its onset. In this study, data from Tunisia has been used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic MDQ.Methods:The sample included 151 patients with a current major depressive episode. The Arabic adapted version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR was used to formulate a diagnosis, yielding 62 patients with BD and 89 with unipolar Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Principal component analysis with parallel analysis was used to establish the spontaneous distribution of the 13 core items of the MDQ. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to check the available factor models. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the capacity of the MDQ to distinguish patients with BD from those with MDD.Results:Cronbach’s α in the sample was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.75 to 0.85). Ordinal α was 0.88. Parallel analysis suggested two main components, which explained 59% of variance in the data. CFA found a good fit for the existing unidimensional, the two-factor, and the three-factor models. ROC analysis showed that at a threshold of 7, the MDQ was able to distinguish patients with BD from those with MDD with extraordinary negative predictive value (0.92) and a positive diagnostic likelihood ratio of 3.8.Conclusion:The Arabic version of the MDQ showed good measurement properties in terms of reliability, factorial validity and discriminative properties.
- Published
- 2020
76. Comparison of the touch-screen and traditional versions of the Corsi block-tapping test in patients with psychosis and healthy controls
- Author
-
Anna Butjosa, Jorge Cuevas-Esteban, Raquel López-Carrilero, Antonio Preti, Regina Vila, Elvira Lara, Maria Iglesias, Josep Maria Haro, Sara Siddi, and Gildas Brébion
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychosis ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Psychotic disorder ,Psicosi ,Mnemonics ,Corsi task ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,Working memory ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,In patient ,Attention ,Neuropsychological assessment ,Prefrontal cortex ,Mnemotècnia ,Cognitive deficit ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,05 social sciences ,Psychoses ,medicine.disease ,Test (assessment) ,Corsi block-tapping test ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Memory, Short-Term ,Psychotic Disorders ,Case-Control Studies ,Corsi task, Psychotic disorder, Working memory ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Article - Abstract
BackgroundWorking memory (WM) refers to the capacity system for temporary storage and processing of information, which is known to depend on the integrity of the prefrontal cortex. Impairment in working memory is a core cognitive deficit among individuals with psychotic disorders. The Corsi block-tapping test is a widely-used instrument to assess visuospatial working memory. The traditional version is composed of 9 square blocks positioned on a physical board. In recent years, the number of digital instruments has increased significantly; several advantages might derive from the use of a digital version of the Corsi test.MethodsThis study aimed to compare the digital and traditional versions of the Corsi test in 45 patients with psychotic disorders and 45 healthy controls. Both groups completed a neuropsychological assessment involving attention and working memory divided into the two conditions.ResultsResults were consistent between the traditional and digital versions of the Corsi test. The digital version, as well as the traditional version, can discriminate between patients with psychosis and healthy controls. Overall, patients performed worse with respect to the healthy comparison group. The traditional Corsi test was positively related to intelligence and verbal working memory, probably due to a more significant effort to execute the test.ConclusionsThe digital Corsi might be used to enhance clinical practice diagnosis and treatment.The digital version can be administered in a natural environment in real-time. Further, it is easy to administer while ensuring a standard procedure.
- Published
- 2020
77. Meta-Analyzing the prevalence and prognostic effect of antipsychotic exposure in clinical high-risk (CHR): When things are not what they seem
- Author
-
Michele Poletti, Antonio Preti, and Andrea Raballo
- Subjects
Variance method ,Psychosis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Prodromal Symptoms ,Antipsychotic ,clinical high-risk ,prevention ,prognosis ,psychosis ,treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Theoretical ,Models ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Applied Psychology ,Clinical risk management ,Risk Management ,Binary outcome ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Models, Theoretical ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,Sample size determination ,Relative risk ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
BackgroundThe clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis paradigm is changing psychiatric practice. However, a widespread confounder, i.e. baseline exposure to antipsychotics (AP) in CHR samples, is systematically overlooked. Such exposure might mitigate the initial clinical presentation, increase the heterogeneity within CHR populations, and confound the evaluation of transition to psychosis at follow-up. This is the first meta-analysis examining the prevalence and the prognostic impact on transition to psychosis of ongoing AP treatment at baseline in CHR cohorts.MethodsMajor databases were searched for articles published until 20 April 2020. The variance-stabilizing Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was used to estimate prevalence. The binary outcome of transition to psychosis by group was estimated with risk ratio (RR) and the inverse variance method was used for pooling.ResultsFourteen studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, including 1588 CHR individuals. Out of the pooled CHR sample, 370 individuals (i.e. 23.3%) were already exposed to AP at the time of CHR status ascription. Transition toward full-blown psychosis at follow-up intervened in 112 (29%; 95% CI 24–34%) of the AP-exposed CHR as compared to 235 (16%; 14–19%) of the AP-naïve CHR participants. AP-exposed CHR had higher RR of transition to psychosis (RR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.18–1.83; z = 3.48; p = 0.0005), without influence by age, gender ratio, overall sample size, duration of the follow-up, or quality of the studies.ConclusionsBaseline AP exposure in CHR samples is substantial and is associated with a higher imminent risk of transition to psychosis. Therefore, such exposure should be regarded as a non-negligible red flag for clinical risk management.
- Published
- 2020
78. Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome or Pharmacologically Attenuated First-Episode Psychosis?: An Undesirably Widespread Confounder
- Author
-
Andrea Raballo, Antonio Preti, and Michele Poletti
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychosis ,Psychotic Disorders ,business.industry ,First episode psychosis ,Confounding ,medicine ,Humans ,Syndrome ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2020
79. Validation of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale among Indian Healthy Adults
- Author
-
Deepak Malik, Triptish Bhatia, Vikas Sharma, Siddharth Singhania, S K Sahu, Smita N. Deshpande, Sara Siddi, and Antonio Preti
- Subjects
Adult ,Hallucinations ,Psychometrics ,Population ,India ,Factor structure ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cronbach's alpha ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Structured model ,education ,General Psychology ,Hindi ,Hallucination ,Health ,Hindi LSHS-E ,education.field_of_study ,Mental Disorders ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Latent class model ,language.human_language ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Scale (social sciences) ,language ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Psychotic Like Experiences (PLEs) have been reported in several cultures. The 16 item Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale-Extended (LSHS-E) measures hallucination like experiences (HLEs) in the general population. This study investigated the psychometric properties and the factor structure of LSHS-E Hindi among healthy adults of Delhi. LSHS-E was translated from English to Hindi and then back to English. It was administered as a paper pencil questionnaire to 182 adults from the general population. Reliability of LSHS-E Hindi was measured using Cronbach's alpha and factor structure was established using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). It was tested against the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-42) for convergent and divergent validity. Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups with different endorsement of HLEs. Among 182, 18 participants reporting mental and neurological disorders were excluded. LSHS-E Hindi had good reliability (0.85; 95% CI: 0.82 to 0.88). CFA of Hindi LSHS-E revealed the a priori four-factor solution to be best, namely: 'intrusive thoughts', 'vivid daydreams', 'multisensory HLEs', 'auditory and visual HLEs'. LSHS-E Hindi showed stronger correlation with positive domain of CAPE than with negative and depression domains. LCA revealed three classes: low, intermediate and high endorsement of HLEs. Participants with highest endorsement of HLEs were less educated and had highest endorsement on all CAPE dimensions. LSHS-E Hindi has good psychometric properties and can be used to study HLEs in Indians. The four-factor structure model depicts the multidimensionality of HLEs, with 'intrusive thoughts' being the most commonly reported HLE in the sample. LCA supports the continuum hypothesis of HLEs.
- Published
- 2020
80. Staff perception of respect for human rights of users and organizational well-being: A study in four different countries of the mediterranean area
- Author
-
Iskren Kirolov, Viviane Kovess, Giorgia Testa, Uta Ouali, Goce Kalcev, Giorgio Tamburini, Antonio Preti, Alessandra Perra, Ferdinando Romano, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez, Yosra Zgueb, Martina Piras, and Sofián El-Astal
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,Context (language use) ,Mediterranean area ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Perception ,Cultural diversity ,Human rights ,030212 general & internal medicine ,media_common ,Psychiatry ,Wellbeing ,Mental health ,Multicenter study ,030227 psychiatry ,Test (assessment) ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Job satisfaction ,Clinical Practice Epidemiology in Mental Health ,Observational study ,Psychology - Abstract
Background:The perception by mental health service staff of respect for users' rights is a fundamental component of organizational well-being. The objective of this work is to examine how cultural differences and the working context can influence the perception of respect for users' rights in mental health professionals in the Mediterranean area.Methods:An observational survey carried out in four different mental health networks in four countries of the Mediterranean area (Tunisia, North-Macedonia, Italy, Palestine). Each invited participant fulfilled a format on socio-demographic information and coded the Well-Being at Work and Respect Right Questionnaire (WWRR). All data were encrypted and analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The Games-Howell post-hoc test was used to assess differences between countries. The Games-Howell test does not assume equal variances and sample sizes. Eta-squared (η2) was used as a measure of effect size in the ANOVA (η2around 0.01, 0.06, and 0.14 are considered small, medium, and large, respectively).Results:The sample included 590 professionals working in the mental health field. The four countries showed statistically significant differences with regards to the quality rights assessment tool. Participants from Italy reported, on average, the highest scores across the questions. There were also differences across the countries about the perception of the impact of available resources on the effectiveness of care (η2 = 0.106).Conclusion:Our findings offer a useful insight into the perception of the quality of mental health services, especially from a users’ rights point of view.
- Published
- 2020
81. Principal Component Analysis of the Well-Being at Work and Respect for Human Rights Questionnaire (WWRRR) in the Mediterranean Region
- Author
-
A Montisci, Samih Nujedat, Giorgia Testa, Goce Kalcev, Cesar Ivan Aviles Gonzalez, Alfredo Mulas, Martina Piras, Iskren Teodorov, Yosra Zgueb, Matthias C. Angermeyer, Uta Ouali, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Antonio Preti, Alberto Maleci, Mathilde M. Husky, Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Varimax rotation ,Applied psychology ,Mediterranean area ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health care ,Human rights ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Principal component ,Dimension (data warehouse) ,Job satisfaction ,Mental health ,Questionnaire ,Wellbeing ,media_common ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,3. Good health ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Work (electrical) ,Clinical Practice Epidemiology in Mental Health ,Well-being ,[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie ,business ,Psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
Background: The Well-Being at Work and Respect for human Rights Questionnaire (WWRR) was conceived based on the hypothesis that the perception of respect for users' rights is an essential element of well-being in the workplace in healthcare. The objective of the study is to examine the principal components of the WWRR. Methods: A random sample representative of a set of professionals working in three different healthcare networks in Tunisia, North-Macedonia, and Italy was enrolled (n=426). Each professional completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic data and the WWRR. The WWRR consists of six items on beliefs about: satisfaction at work, users’ satisfaction, organization at work, respect of users’ and staff human rights, adequacy of resources. A seventh item assesses the perceived needs of personnel. Correlation between the items was evaluated by analysing the principal components with Varimax rotation and Kaiser normalization (which included all components with an Eigen value> 1). Results: A single factor covered over 50% of the variance, all the items of the questionnaire were closely related and compose a single factor. Tunisia presented some differences regarding the item about the human rights of staff. Conclusion: Satisfaction with the respect for the rights of users is strongly correlated with the other factors that are part of the concept of the organizational well-being of health care providers. The WWRR provides a means of measuring this important and often neglected dimension.
- Published
- 2020
82. Clinical high risk for psychosis in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of transition prevalences
- Author
-
Patrick D. McGorry, Andrea Raballo, Antonio Preti, and Michele Poletti
- Subjects
Adult ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychosis ,Adolescent ,Childhood-adolescence ,Development ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Child ,Biological Psychiatry ,business.industry ,Mean age ,medicine.disease ,Clinical high risk ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Meta-analysis ,Psychotic Disorders ,Stepping stone ,Transition ,Preventive intervention ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The strategic value of early, preventive intervention in psychosis has been a catalytic stepping stone to promoting early intervention in Mental Health. Central to such momentum is the construct of clinical high risk states for psychosis (CHR). While CHR emerge in developmental years, the meta-analytical risk of psychosis among children and adolescents (age 9-18 years) at CHR is still unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines including all studies that assessed CHR in children and adolescents (age ≤ 18 years) with validated instruments and provided follow-data on transition to psychosis up to December 31, 2018. We identified 11 eligible studies. Mean age was 15.8 ± 0.8 years, range: 13.8 to 16.8. Transition to psychosis occurred in 93 CHR subjects out of 533 that were enrolled at inception, over a follow-up period ranging from 6 to 72 months. Conversion prevalence was 17.5% (95% CI: 9.9% to 26.5%) in the random-effects model (Q = 30.9; p
- Published
- 2019
83. The factor structure of the short form of the Wisconsin schizotypy scales
- Author
-
Tamara Muratore, Andrea Cao, Carlotta Cadoni, Antonio Manca, Antonio Preti, Rossana Scerman, Giustino Claudetti, Augusto Contu, Rosanna Scanu, Marta Carrus, Giovanni D'Errico, and Donatella Rita Petretto
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Psychometrics ,Schizotypy ,Population ,Wisconsin schizotypy scales ,Factor structure ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Schizotypal Personality Disorder ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychosis proneness ,medicine ,Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale ,Humans ,education ,Biological Psychiatry ,education.field_of_study ,Schizophrenia ,Healthy subjects ,Reproducibility of Results ,Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Italy ,Female ,Biological psychiatry ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,General Summary - Abstract
The Chapman psychosis-proneness scales—also known as Wisconsin schizotypy scales (WSS)—are among the most used tools to measure schizotypy. The factor structure of the short-form WSS was investigated in a mixed sample of patients with chronic mental disorders and of healthy subjects from the general population. One hundred patients with a chronic mental disorder were enrolled over a 6-month period. For each patient, two controls of same sex and similar age (±5 years) were enrolled; 131 accepted to take part in the study. The unidimensional, the correlated four-factor, the second-order two-factor models, and the bifactor model with two or four orthogonally independent factors of the short-form WSS were tested with confirmatory factor analysis. Good reliability of the short-form WSS was confirmed, as its capacity of differentiating people with and without schizotypy. The bifactor models were superior to other models. However, in both bifactor models the explained common variance (ECV) attributable to the general factor and the percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC) were too low to use a general summary score as a measure of a single latent schizotypy variable. Symptoms scores derived from the short-form WSS can be better appreciated within a multidimensional model of schizotypy.
- Published
- 2018
84. Prevalence and treatment of panic disorder in bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
- Author
-
Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Antonio Preti, Odysseas Kyriazis, Tania B. Huedo-Medina, Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, and J. Vrublevska
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Bipolar Disorder ,Population ,Prevalence ,Comorbidity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Bipolar disorder ,education ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Panic disorder ,medicine.disease ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Meta-analysis ,Panic Disorder ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
QuestionRecent data suggest that anxiety disorders are as often comorbid with bipolar disorder (BD) as with unipolar depression. The literature on panic disorder (PD) comorbid with BD has been systematically reviewed and subject to meta-analysis.Study selection and analysisThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were thoroughly followed for literature search, selection and reporting of available evidence. The variance-stabilising Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was used in the meta-analysis of prevalence estimates. Both fixed-effect and random-effects models with inverse variance method were applied to estimate summary effects for all combined studies. Heterogeneity was assessed and measured with Cochran’s Q and I2 statistics.FindingsOverall, 15 studies (n=3391) on cross-sectional prevalence and 25 independent lifetime studies (n=8226) were used to calculate pooled estimates. The overall random-effects point prevalence of PD in patients with BD, after exclusion of one potential outlier study, was 13.0% (95% CI 7.0% to 20.3%), and the overall random-effects lifetime estimate, after exclusion of one potential outlier study, was 15.5% (95% CI 11.6% to 19.9%). There were no differences in rates between BD-I and BD-II. Significant heterogeneity (I2 >95%) was found in both estimates.ConclusionsEstimates that can be drawn from published studies indicate that the prevalence of PD in patients with BD is higher than the prevalence in the general population. Comorbid PD is reportedly associated with increased risk of suicidal acts and a more severe course. There is no clear indication on how to treat comorbid PD in BD. Findings from the current meta-analysis confirm the highly prevalent comorbidity of PD with BD, implicating that in patients with BD, PD might run a more chronic course.
- Published
- 2018
85. Cost-effectiveness of treating first-episode psychosis: five-year follow-up results from an Italian early intervention programme
- Author
-
Angelo, Cocchi, Vittorio, Mapelli, Anna, Meneghelli, and Antonio, Preti
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
86. Tracking salience in young people: A psychometric field test of the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI)
- Author
-
Mauro Giovanni Carta, Andrea Raballo, John G. Kerns, Irene Corrias, Antonio Preti, Mirra Pintus, Elisa Pintus, Donatella Rita Petretto, Veronica Lai, Sara Sanna, Ingrid Agartz, and David C. Cicero
- Subjects
Psychometrics ,Salience (language) ,Schizotypy ,Concurrent validity ,medicine.disease ,Schizotypal personality disorder ,Latent class model ,030227 psychiatry ,Developmental psychology ,Prodrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,General Health Questionnaire ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
AIM To explore the prevalence of Aberrant Salience (AS, an alleged experiential feature of psychosis-proneness) in Italian young people and corroborate the transcultural validity of the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI). METHODS Young adults attending an Italian university (n = 649) underwent serial evaluations with the ASI together with psychometric proxies for help seeking General Health Questionnaire and attenuated positive and negative symptoms Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). The distribution of ASI scores was explored with latent class analysis (LCA). RESULTS Reliability of the Italian version of the ASI (I-ASI) was acceptable for all subscales (ordinal alpha >.70). Concurrent validity was in the expected direction, with higher correlations with measures of attenuated positive symptoms vs negative symptoms of psychosis (Steigers' z test, P < .005 in all comparisons). LCA identified three classes, with 217 (33.4%) participants in the "high aberrant salience" class. Gender and age were not related to class membership. Compared to the baseline class, SPQ scores in the schizotypy range were more likely in the "high aberrant salience" class (OR = 39.1; 95%confidence interval: 5.30-288.1). CONCLUSION AS is a relatively common experience among Italian young people. The study also confirmed the validity of field-testing ASI as a tool for the real-world characterization of people with vulnerability to psychosis, such as symptomatic help seekers with clinical high-risk states.
- Published
- 2017
87. The structure of schizotypal personality traits: a cross-national study
- Author
-
Michael Chmielewski, Mohamed Aymen Lahmar, David C. Cicero, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, Stella G. Giakoumaki, Viviana M. Wuthrich, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Richard J. Linscott, Ioannis Tsaousis, Julien Laloyaux, Julie A. Suhr, Lihong Zhang, Ascensión Fumero, José Muñiz, Erin B. Tone, Thomas R. Kwapil, Adrian Raine, Alex S. Cohen, Anwar Mechri, Martin Debbané, Frank Larøi, Antonio Preti, Javier Ortuño-Sierra, Emma Barkus, Colleen A. Brenner, Raymond C.K. Chan, Johanna C. Badcock, Assen Jablensky, and Michael T. Compton
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Factorial validity ,psychosis ,Psychosis risk ,schizotypal personality ,schizotypy ,SPQ ,Internationality ,Adolescent ,Personality Inventory ,Psychometrics ,Intraclass correlation ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Schizotypy ,Population ,Schizotypal Personality Disorder ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Goodness of fit ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Personality ,Big Five personality traits ,education ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Multilevel model ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Female ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
BackgroundSchizotypal traits are considered a phenotypic-indicator of schizotypy, a latent personality organization reflecting a putative liability for psychosis. To date, no previous study has examined the comparability of factorial structures across samples originating from different countries and cultures. The main goal was to evaluate the factorial structure and reliability of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) scores by amalgamating data from studies conducted in 12 countries and across 21 sites.MethodThe overall sample consisted of 27 001 participants (37.5% males,n= 4251 drawn from the general population). The mean age was 22.12 years (s.d.= 6.28, range 16–55 years). The SPQ was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Multilevel CFA (ML-CFA) were used to evaluate the factor structure underlying the SPQ scores.ResultsAt the SPQ item level, the nine factor and second-order factor models showed adequate goodness-of-fit. At the SPQ subscale level, three- and four-factor models displayed better goodness-of-fit indices than other CFA models. ML-CFA showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients values were lower than 0.106. The three-factor model showed adequate goodness of fit indices in multilevel analysis. The ordinalαcoefficients were high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 across individual samples, and from 0.84 to 0.91 for the combined sample.ConclusionsThe results are consistent with the conceptual notion that schizotypal personality is a multifaceted construct and support the validity and utility of SPQ in cross-cultural research. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of our results for diagnostic systems, psychosis models and cross-national mental health strategies.
- Published
- 2017
88. Stigma and psychological distress in suicide survivors
- Author
-
Stefano Totaro, Paolo Scocco, Alessandro Ferrari, Elena Toffol, and Antonio Preti
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Social Stigma ,Psychological intervention ,Surviving ,Stigma (botany) ,Suicide, Attempted ,Age and gender ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sensitivity ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Survivors ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,Aged ,Distress ,Stigma ,Suicide ,Survivor ,Suicide attempt ,Psychological distress ,Middle Aged ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Marital status ,Female ,Grief ,Psychology ,human activities ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Background Suicide bereavement is frequently related to clinically significant psychological distress and affected by stigma. This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between psychological distress by psychopathological domains and stigma, in a sample of individuals bereaved by suicide (suicide survivors). Methods The data were collected between January 2012 and December 2014 and included information on sociodemographic variables (gender, age, marital status and education level) and responses to the Stigma of Suicide Survivor scale (STOSSS) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). One hundred and fifty-five suicide survivors completed the evaluation and were included in the study. Results Levels of psychological distress in suicide survivors, as measured by BSI, were positively related to levels of perceived stigma toward suicide survivors, as measured by STOSSS. The association was not affected by age and gender, or by marital status, education level, days from suicide or a personal history of suicide attempt. Participants with higher scores on almost all subscales of the BSI, particularly the interpersonal sensitivity and paranoid ideation subscales, reported the highest levels of perceived stigma toward suicide survivors. Conclusion Levels of distress in subjects bereaved by the suicide of a relative or friend were positively associated with levels of perceived stigma toward suicide survivors. Specific interventions dedicated to the bereavement of suicide survivors might help to alleviate not only psychological distress but also stigma towards loss by suicide.
- Published
- 2017
89. How promising is neuroactive steroid drug discovery?
- Author
-
Pasquale Paribello, Antonio Preti, and Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Subjects
Neuroactive steroid ,Pharmacology ,NMDA receptors ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Drug Development ,Drug Discovery ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Bipolar disorder ,Pharmaceutical sciences ,bipolar disorder ,business.industry ,Drug discovery ,Mental Disorders ,GABAA receptors ,medicine.disease ,neurosteroids ,Schizophrenia ,serotonin ,NMDA receptor ,Steroids ,Serotonin ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Published
- 2018
90. Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar spectrum disorders: Systematic review and meta-analysis of its prevalence
- Author
-
Antonis T. Theofilidis, Konstantinos G. Pitsalidis, Antonio Preti, Anastasia Antoniou, Konstantinos N. Fountoulakis, Areti Angeliki Veroniki, and Panagiotis Ferentinos
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ,Bipolar Disorder ,Population ,Prevalence ,MEDLINE ,Comorbidity ,mental disorders ,Epidemiology ,Bipolar disorder ,comorbidity ,meta-analysis ,obsessive-compulsive disorder ,Medicine ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Meta-analysis ,Major depressive disorder ,business - Abstract
Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often comorbid with Bipolar Disorder (BD), complicating its presentation and management. OCD prevalence rates in BD vary widely across studies and recent meta-analyses. Objective We performed a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting cross-sectional or lifetime OCD prevalence in BD, assessed by meta-regression various determinants of estimated prevalence and compared it with major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and general population subjects included in extracted studies. Methods Relevant articles published up to January 2019 in PubMed/MEDLINE were retrieved. Prevalence rates underwent Freeman–Tukey double arcsine transformation before meta-analysis. Results We included 29 studies reporting cross-sectional prevalence (N = 6109) and 39 studies reporting lifetime prevalence (N = 8205); eight studies reported both. The pooled lifetime and cross-sectional prevalence of comorbid OCD in BD was estimated at 10.9% (95% CI: 7.8–14.4%) and 11.2% (7.6–15.3%), respectively, in the random-effects model. Respective estimates in the general population were 2.5% and 1.6%. Study setting (epidemiological or clinical), diagnostic criteria and procedures, gender, BD subtype and remission status could not explain heterogeneity of prevalence estimates in meta-regressions. Age had a small yet significant negative correlation with lifetime prevalence. OCD prevalence in BD was not significantly different than in MDD. Limitations Search was limited to English-language literature. Conclusions Lifetime OCD prevalence in BD was 4.4 times higher than in the general population. Cross-sectional prevalence was as high as lifetime, suggesting that OCD in BD is more chronic/ persistent than in the general population, where cross-sectional stands at about two thirds the lifetime prevalence.
- Published
- 2019
91. BEEP—Bodily and Emotional Perception of Pain. A Questionnaire to Measure Reaction to Pain in Chronic Pain Disorders
- Author
-
Serena Stocchino, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Gabriele Finco, Mario Musu, Ferdinando Romano, Sergio Machado, Federica Sancassiani, Francesca Pinna, Antonio Preti, and Maria Cristina Deidda
- Subjects
psychometrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychometrics ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,psychological factors ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Fibromyalgia ,medicine ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Bipolar disorder ,General Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Original Research ,05 social sciences ,Chronic pain ,Mood Disorder Questionnaire ,medicine.disease ,Low back pain ,lcsh:Psychology ,pain management ,psychiatric comorbidity ,Pain management ,Psychiatric comorbidity ,Psychological factors ,Physical therapy ,fibromyalgia ,medicine.symptom ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background: The assessment of pain and its impact on quality of life is central to the evaluation of chronic pain syndromes. However, most available tools focus on the nociceptive experience of pain, and at best only consider the occurrence of anxious, depressive, or cognitive problems. Here is a new questionnaire aimed at measuring the multifaceted impact of pain in chronic pain syndromes, the Bodily and Emotional pErception of Pain (BEEP). Methods: All consecutive patients who accessed a center for the treatment of pain were invited to take part in the study. The sample included 222 participants (51 with fibromyalgia, 84 with low back pain; 87 with other chronic pain syndromes). Women were 77% of the sample, the mean age was 61 ± 15. Participants completed the BEEP, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Results: Reliability was good for all questionnaires. The expected three dimensions of the BEEP were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, and a bifactor model with three orthogonal factors showed a good fit as well. Participants diagnosed with fibromyalgia showed higher scores on the BEEP than the participants who had been diagnosed with low back pain or other chronic pain syndromes. The prevalence of probable cases of major depression and bipolar disorder in the sample was higher than expected for non-clinical samples. Levels of depression, as measured by the PHQ-9, were associated with the three dimensions of the BEEP and with the intensity of pain. Conclusions: The BEEP is a promising measure of the impact of pain in daily life and differentiates fibromyalgia from other chronic pain syndromes. The BEEP may be helpful to evaluate the patient's response to the treatment over time and may favor the identification of unmet needs in patients' personal, social, and daily functioning.
- Published
- 2019
92. The prevalence of specific phobia by age in an italian nationwide survey: How much does it affect the quality of life?
- Author
-
Carlo Faravelli, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Filippo Drago, Martina Piras, Guido Di Sciascio, Maria Francesca Moro, Ferdinando Romano, Liliana Dell'Osso, Matteo Balestrieri, Antonio Preti, Maria Carolina Hardoy, Federica Sancassiani, Rita Roncone, and Filippo Caraci
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,community survey ,specific phobia (sp) ,nationwide ,Specific phobia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Psychiatry and Mental Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,business.industry ,Panic disorder ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Eating disorders ,Clinical Practice Epidemiology in Mental Health ,Major depressive disorder ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Anxiety disorder ,Clinical psychology ,Agoraphobia - Abstract
Introduction: The study aimed to see if a community survey conducted by clinical interviewers with semi-structured psychiatric interviews shows lifetime prevalence rates of Specific Phobia (SP) similar to those found by surveys carried out by lay interviewers and if the high level of impairment found in SP may be confirmed. Methods: This is a community survey on an Italian nationwide sample randomly selected from registers of municipalities. Tools: semi-structured ANTAS psychiatric interview derived from the SCID-DSM-IV, carried out by clinicians (psychologists or physicians); Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) as a measure of Quality of Life (QoL). Analyses: means of the χ2 test odds ratios were adopted to test several associations regarding SP prevalence. One-way ANOVA was used to compare different groups on attributable burden due to SP and/or other disorders in worsening QoL. Results: The lifetime prevalence of SP was 2.3%. No difference was found by age class. Females showed more than twice the frequency of males (pp p = 0.809). Conclusion: An epidemiological study conducted by clinical interviewers through semi-structured interviews appears to re-dimension the impact of SP, at least from the public health perspective. Future prospective studies will better clarify the role of SP in the context of anxiety disorders.
- Published
- 2019
93. Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches for dysthymic disorder and persistent depressive disorder
- Author
-
Antonio Egidio Nardi, Pasquale Paribello, Antonio Preti, and Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,non-major persistent depressive disorder ,Population ,Chronic major depressive disorder ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,dysthymia ,major depressive disorder ,persistent depressive disorder ,psychopharmacology ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Bipolar disorder ,Amisulpride ,Psychiatry ,education ,Disease burden ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Pharmacology ,education.field_of_study ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Dysthymic Disorder ,business.industry ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Antidepressive Agents ,Psychotherapy ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Quality of Life ,Major depressive disorder ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
Introduction: Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD) is a nosological entity introduced with DSM-5, encompassing numerous different conditions including Dysthymia, recurrent Major Depressive Disorder, Double Depression and Chronic Major Depression. PDD is a particularly significant cause of disease burden in the general population. Areas covered: In the present paper, the authors explore the controversies surrounding the definition of PDD, the current approach to its treatment endorsed by the major scientific bodies, along with the available evidence on the efficacy of said treatments. Expert opinion: Clinicians need to be particularly vigilant and always gather a thorough history. In this diagnostic group, there is a relevant risk of having an undiagnosed Bipolar Disorder as affected individuals typically fail to recognize the pathological components of hypomanic episodes. In this setting, it is crucial to reconsider the diagnosis and to frequently verify compliance with the treatment plan. Numerous technological advances, particularly in the neuroimaging field, offer new insight and new challenges in defining the pathophysiological mechanisms of depressive syndromes. In the future, these advances may offer guidance towards an improved treatment approach and diagnostic process.
- Published
- 2019
94. A Cross-National Investigation of Hallucination-Like Experiences in 10 Countries: The E-CLECTIC Study
- Author
-
Tania M. Lincoln, Susana Ochoa, Nuno Rocha, Julien Laloyaux, Evangelos Ntouros, Yanet Quijada, Demián Rodante, Vasileios P. Bozikas, Björn Schlier, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Sara Siddi, Smita N. Deshpande, Frank Larøi, Sergio Machado, Andrea Raballo, Łukasz Gawęda, Antonio Preti, Matteo Cella, Sandra Saldivia, Josep Maria Haro, and Repositório Científico do Instituto Politécnico do Porto
- Subjects
Male ,Hallucinations ,Cross-sectional study ,Supplement Articles ,cross-national ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Hallucination proneness ,Global Health ,Factor structure ,Pathological psychology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Crossnational ,Measurement invariance ,media_common ,Statistical ,Middle Aged ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,measurement invariance ,Europe ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Female ,Humans ,India ,Reproducibility of Results ,South America ,Young Adult ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,hallucination proneness ,Psychology ,Factor Analysis ,Clinical psychology ,Cross national ,Clinical variables ,media_common.quotation_subject ,03 medical and health sciences ,Perception ,Escala multidimensional ,030227 psychiatry ,Psicopatologia ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Multidimensional scaling - Abstract
Hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) are typically defined as sensory perceptions in the absence of external stimuli. Multidimensional tools, able to assess different facets of HLEs, are helpful for a better characterization of hallucination proneness and to investigate the cross-national variation in the frequencies of HLEs. The current study set out to establish the validity, factor structure, and measurement invariance of the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale-Extended (LSHS-E), a tool to assess HLEs. A total of 4419 respondents from 10 countries were enrolled. Network analyses between the LSHS-E and the 3 dimensions of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) were performed to assess convergent and divergent validity of the LSHS-E. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test its measurement invariance. The best fit was a 4-factor model, which proved invariant by country and clinical status, indicating cross-national stability of the hallucination-proneness construct. Among the different components of hallucination-proneness, auditory-visual HLEs had the strongest association with the positive dimension of the CAPE, compared with the depression and negative dimensions. Participants who reported a diagnosis of a mental disorder scored higher on the 4 LSHS-E factors. Small effect size differences by country were found in the scores of the 4 LSHS-E factors even after taking into account the role of socio-demographic and clinical variables. Due to its good psychometric properties, the LSHS-E is a strong candidate tool for large investigations of HLEs. Keywords: hallucination proneness, cross-national, measurement invariance Issue Section: supplement articles © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Published
- 2019
95. The relevance of the research on the psychosocial dimensions of aging is really the same in europe and USA?
- Author
-
Federica Sancassiani, Ferdinando Romano, and Antonio Preti
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,Epidemiology ,Clinical Practice Epidemiology in Mental Health ,active aging ,elderly’s quality of life ,impact on literature ,Applied psychology ,Relevance (information retrieval) ,Psychology ,Psychosocial - Published
- 2019
96. Impairment of Quality of Life Associated With Lifetime Diagnosis of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Women - A National Survey in Italy
- Author
-
Claudia Carmassi, Maria Carolina Hardoy, Rita Roncone, Filippo Drago, Carlo Faravelli, Ferdinando Romano, Maria Francesca Moro, Matteo Balestrieri, Antonio Preti, Filippo Caraci, Liliana Dell'Osso, Federica Sancassiani, and Guido Di Sciascio
- Subjects
Quality of life ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Mood disorder ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychiatric comorlridity ,Community survey ,PTSD ,Women health ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Psychiatry ,business.industry ,Traumatic stress ,Mood Disorder Questionnaire ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,030227 psychiatry ,Eating disorders ,Mood ,Psychiatry and Mental Health ,Clinical Practice Epidemiology in Mental Health ,Major depressive disorder ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Quality of life, PTSD, Psychiatric comorlridity, Women health, Community survey, Mood disorder - Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to measure the lifetime prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among women of an Italian community sample, the comorbidity of PTSD with mood and anxiety disorders and the burden attributable to PTSD in worsening the Quality of Life (QoL). Methods: Community survey on a sample of 1961 adult women randomly selected. Tools: psychiatric clinical interview ANTAS partially derived from the SCID-DSM-IV, administered by psychologists or medical doctors; Short Form Health Survey (SF-12); Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). Results: Lifetime prevalence of PTSD in women was 1.3%, (1.4% in44 years aged; p=0.8). In order of risk of comorbidity, PTSD was associated with: Bipolar Spectrum Disorders (MDQ+), Panic Disorders (PD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). People with PTSD showed an SF-12 mean score lower than women of the same sample without PTSD (standardized by gender and age), with a mean difference (attributable burden) of 3.9±0.9 similarly to MDD and Eating Disorders and higher than PD. Among the analyzed nonpsychiatric diseases, Multiple Sclerosis and Carotid Atherosclerosis showed a higher burden in impairing QoL than PTSD; Wilson’s Disease showed a similar burden and Celiac Disease was found less impairing on QoL than PTSD. Conclusion: The attributable burden in worsening women’ perceived QoL due to a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD was found comparable to those caused by MDD, Eating Disorders or by neurological condition such as Wilson’s Disease. The comorbidity of PTSD with Bipolar Spectrum Disorders was remarkable, even further studies are needed to clarify the direction of causality.
- Published
- 2018
97. Tako Tsubo and Treatment of Comorbid Depression: A Reflection is Needed - Author's reply
- Author
-
Federica Sancassiani and Antonio Preti
- Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health ,Reflection (physics) ,Medicine ,Tako tsubo ,business ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Published
- 2018
98. The Network Structure of Schizotypal Personality Traits
- Author
-
Javier Ortuño, Martin Debbané, Sacha Epskamp, Axit Fumero, Johanna C. Badcock, Adela M Isvoranu, Michael T. Compton, Lisa C. Zhang, Erin B. Tone, Viviana M. Wuthrich, Richard J. Linscott, Ioannis Tsaousis, Assen Jablensky, Julien Laloyaux, Raymond C.K. Chan, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, Antonio Preti, Stella G. Giakoumaki, Julie A. Suhr, Adrian Raine, Emma Barkus, Mohamed Aymen Lahmar, Julio Bobes, Eiko I. Fried, Michael Chmielewski, David C. Cicero, Colleen A. Brenner, Alex S. Cohen, Anwar Mechri, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Thomas R. Kwapil, Frank Larøi, Felix Inchausti, Psychologische Methodenleer (Psychologie, FMG), and FMG
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,China ,Adolescent ,Schizotypy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,schizotypy ,Affect (psychology) ,SPQ ,schizotypal personality ,Schizotypal Personality Disorder ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Personality ,psychosis ,Big Five personality traits ,media_common ,Conditional dependence ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,Models, Theoretical ,Explained variation ,mental disorders ,Invited Theme Articles ,030227 psychiatry ,network ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,North America ,Female ,Centrality ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Elucidating schizotypal traits is important if we are to understand the various manifestations of psychosis spectrum liability and to reliably identify individuals at high risk for psychosis. The present study examined the network structures of (1) 9 schizotypal personality domains and (2) 74 individual schizotypal items, and (3) explored whether networks differed across gender and culture (North America vs China). The study was conducted in a sample of 27001 participants from 12 countries and 21 sites (M age = 22.12; SD = 6.28; 37.5% males). The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) was used to assess 74 self-report items aggregated in 9 domains. We used network models to estimate conditional dependence relations among variables. In the domain-level network, schizotypal traits were strongly interconnected. Predictability (explained variance of each node) ranged from 31% (odd/magical beliefs) to 55% (constricted affect), with a mean of 43.7%. In the item-level network, variables showed relations both within and across domains, although within-domain associations were generally stronger. The average predictability of SPQ items was 27.8%. The network structures of men and women were similar (r = .74), node centrality was similar across networks (r = .90), as was connectivity (195.59 and 199.70, respectively). North American and Chinese participants networks showed lower similarity in terms of structure (r = 0.44), node centrality (r = 0.56), and connectivity (180.35 and 153.97, respectively). In sum, the present article points to the value of conceptualizing schizotypal personality as a complex system of interacting cognitive, emotional, and affective characteristics.
- Published
- 2018
99. The Effects of 'VelaMente?!' Project on Social Functioning of People With Severe Psychosocial Disabilities
- Author
-
Federica Sancassiani, Elisabetta Pascolo Fabrici, Giuseppina Trincas, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Gisa Mellino, Sergio Machado, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Francesca Floris, Stefano Lorrai, Giulia Cossu, Alessio Cocco, Antonio Preti, Federica, Sancassiani, Stefano, Lorrai, Giulia, Cossu, Alessio, Cocco, Giuseppina, Trinca, Francesca, Flori, Gisa, Mellino, Sergio, Machado, Antonio Egidio Nardi, PASCOLO-FABRICI, Elisabetta, Antonio, Preti, and Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,Epidemiology ,Physical activity ,Crew ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Personal recovery ,Psychosocial rehabilitation ,Sailing ,Social functioning ,Sport ,Stigma ,medicine ,Psychiatry ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Psychopathology - Abstract
Introduction:Physical activity helps to improve several clinical outcomes of people with severe psychosocial disabilities. The aims of this study were; 1) to assess the efficacy of a psychosocial rehabilitative intervention focused on sailing in a crew on: a) social functioning; b) severity of the psychosocial disability; c) general functioning; d) dysregulation of biorhythms of people with severe psychosocial disabilities, and 2) to evaluate the attenders’ satisfaction about the project.Methods:A randomized waitlist controlled trial with parallel groups was carried out involving 51 people with severe psychosocial disabilities. The intervention was a 3 months-lasting course to learn sailing in a crew. Just after the randomization, a group began the sailing course and the other group (wait list) attended the sailing course after 3 months of treatments as usual. Before and after the sailing course, as well as the waiting list period, all attenders were assessed by HoNOS, GAF, CGI-S and BRIAN. At the end of the sailing course, they completed also a self-report satisfaction questionnaire.Results:Social functioning significantly improved after the sailing course (HoNOS total score “time X group”: p=0.011), mainly because of the improvement of psychopathological symptoms (HoNOS symptoms score “time X group”: p=0.003). Furthermore, participants greatly appreciated the rehabilitative program based on sailing in a crew.Conclusions:When compared to more traditional rehabilitative activities that are usually carried out in mental health services, a psychosocial rehabilitative intervention based on sailing in a crew significantly improve the social functioning of people with severe psychosocial disabilities.
- Published
- 2017
100. Secondary school teachers and mental health competence: Italy-United Kingdom comparison
- Author
-
Elena Monducci, Nicoletta Pafumi, Antonio Romano, Paolo Fiori Nastro, Giulia De Angelis, Sonia Cavenaghi, Antonio Preti, Ludovica Telesforo, Ilaria Molteni, Alessandra Carlotto, Sara Solbiati, Annachiara Piccinini, Alice Masillo, Anna Meneghelli, Andrea Alpi, Francesca Fagioli, Gioia Piazzi, Alberto Forte, Amanda Collins Eade, Claudia Battaglia, Paolo Girardi, Noelia Moreno Granados, Angelo Cocchi, Stefano Benzoni, Martina Patanè, Rosalba Di Lauro, Lavinia Salvadori, Janet Holmshaw, Antonella Costantino, and Francesca Masolo
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Early signs ,Case vignette ,Early detection ,Logistic regression ,Mental health ,030227 psychiatry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,School teachers ,0302 clinical medicine ,Family medicine ,medicine ,Social emotional learning ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Psychology ,Psychiatry ,Competence (human resources) ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Biological Psychiatry - Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between teachers' knowledge about early psychosis among three different Italian cities and a UK sample. Methods: The sample consisted of 556 secondary school teachers from three different cities in Italy (Milan, Rome and Lamezia Terme) and London (UK). The research was based on the Knowledge and Experience of Social Emotional Difficulties Among Young People Questionnaire. The Italian version of the questionnaire was used in Italy. Results: Overall, 67.6% of English teachers, 58.5% of Milan's teachers, 41.8% of Rome’s teachers and 33.3% of Lamezia Terme’s teachers were able to recognise psychotic symptoms from a case vignette. Logistic regression analysis showed that 'city' was the only independent variable significantly related to the correct/wrong answer about diagnosis. Conclusions: We found statistically significant differences between the three Italian samples and the UK sample regarding teachers' knowledge about first signs of psychosis. English teachers showed a better knowledge than Italian teachers in general. Teachers from Milan, where a specific early detection program was established in 2000, seemed to be more familiar with early signs of psychosis than teachers in the other two Italian towns.
- Published
- 2016
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.