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The studies were performed on milk samples collected from 178 Carpathian females belonging to a farm from southeastern Romania. The females were grazed daily, benefiting from natural pasture, specific to the Dobrogea area. Before each milking, 100 g of special granules for goat's milk were administered. After weaning (April), the goats were milked twice a day for 5 months. Milk production control was carried out monthly, after the weaning of the kids, for three consecutive months, starting with May. For this, the amount of milk milked in the morning and in the evening was weighed individually. The computation of the total individual production was calculated by applying the Fleischmann formula in the case of milking the goat after a period of lactation, when the first milking is done after the flat-rate date of the end of lactation. For primiparous, the total individual milk production was between 124.35 kg and 199.76 kg with an average of 164.93 kg/head/day. At multiparous, the average total individual milk production was 168.32Kg. Biochemical parameters (fat, protein, lactose) were analyzed by ultrasonic method in a standardized analyzer for goat's milk. At primiparous, the fat concentration reaches a maximum of 3.12 g% in July, and at multiparous 3.36g% in June. The protein concentration had values between 2.87g and 3.08g% at primiparous and between 2.90g% and 3.22g% at multiparous. The results of our analyzes recorded a maximum of 4.36% for lactose in June for primiparous and 4.58g% for multiparous. The percentage of mineral substances varies between 0.65 g% and 0.67 g% at primiparous and between 0.64 and 0.65 g% at multiparous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to present the superiority of the hybrid lambs for meat regarding the slaughtering output, the tissue structure and the quality of the carcasses, comparatively to their with contemporaries from the parental breeds. The research was made on lambs fattened until the living weight 40 kg/head from the breeds of Palas Merino, Palas Meat Breed and F1 hybrids of Palas Meat Breed x Palas Merino and F1 Suffolk x Palas Merino. The highest slaughtering output was that of the F1 hybrids Suffolk x Palas Merino, out of them R1 having the value of 51,21 % and R2 of 55,94 % besides 44,25 % and respectively 49,54 % at the contemporaries of Palas Merino. Also, these hybrids had also the best carcasses, being categorized by conformation in U class (very good carcasses) and by fattening degree in the 3rd class 3 (medium fat carcasses). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossbreeding of three French meat breeds rams and one R1 German Blackface (75%) x Tsigai (25%) ram with R1 crossbreed ewes German Blackface (75%) x Tsigai (25%) was carried out to determine the ram breed effects on productivity of ewes and growth performances of the lambs. A total of 151 crossbreed ewes R1 German Blackface x Tsigai were divided into four groups for mating with 4 rams from Berrichon du Cher (BC) - group 1, Blanche du Massif Central (BMC) - group 2, Mouton Vendèen (MV) - group 3, and R1 German Blackface (BF) - group 4, resulting in total 147 lambs. Ram breed had a significant influence on growth performances of the lambs. The lambs obtained from the R1 German Blackface ram were heavier than the lambs from groups 1 and 3 (P< 0.001) at birth, 28 day and 56 day. Significant differences were recorded between group 2 and 4 with regard at weight at 28 day (P< 0.01) and 56 day (P< 0.05). Body weight at 5 months in group 1 of crossbred lambs was significantly higher than to the crossbreed lambs obtained from the group 2 (P< 0.01), 3 (P< 0.05) and 4 (P< 0.01). The number of lambs born per ewe, number of lambs weaned per ewe, and lamb survival rate at weaning were similar among the four groups, while the lambs survival rate at 5 months at the lambs obtained from ewes mated to Blanche du Massif Central ram was higher compared to the others, the differences being significant (P< 0.05) compared to the lambs obtained from ewes mated to Mouton Vendèen ram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acceleration of genetic gain for some valuable traits represents for some local animal breeds an upmost necessity, especially when unimproved breeds are in competition with more productive ones. The progress in DNA and assisted reproduction technologies could represent a valuable tool to overcome these limitations. In many cases, valuable DNA mutations can have a low frequency, making the breeding process costly and time consuming. Therefore, artificial insemination can contribute to increase the frequency of these mutations in a population. We tested the viability of this combined approach on a Carpathian goat population. In this respect, the potential Carpathian goat males, candidates for semen collection needed for the artificial insemination experiments, were first selected from the herd book based on their known origin and phenotype. To confirm their parentage, we used a panel of 22 microsatellites markers. On the other hand we genotyped the remained candidate males for the alpha s1 casein gene, which is significantly associated with milk casein content and cheese yield. Only four males, with AA, BB and AB genotypes (positively associated with these traits) were retained for semen collection. A number of 450 Carpathian goat females were prepared for insemination using hormonal induction and synchronization of oestrus with fluorogestone acetate impregnated sponges (Chronogest sponges, with FGA 20 mg). In the 9th day after the sponges insertion, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin PMSG (Folligon) was injected in a dosage of 400 UI. The semen was collected from the selected males using an artificial vagina and was subsequentlyanalysed and processed for insemination. The goats were artificial inseminated in fixed point, 45 ± 2 hours after the sponges removal, with freshly diluted semen that was collected and diluted 2-3 h before insemination. Fecundity calculated after the end of parturition was 84.65%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislation enforce allows the use of food additives that have adverse effects on the human body, such as: asthma, contact hives, allergies, digestive disorders, ADHD, cancer. The toxic effect is particularly enhanced when more than one additive is associated in a food. In this context, we propose to study the effect of benzoate ± sorbate on some food colorants (E129 red allura and E133 bluish blue) from 8 fruit juice samples. Sodium benzoate was dosed by the spectrophotometric method using a standard solution Cs = 0.1 mg/mL. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of these juice additives was followed using the BLSA (Brine shrimp lethality assay) test. For all analyzed samples, the maximum admissible value for benzoate (200mg/L) is observed to be followed. The fastest cytotoxic effects were recorded in the first 24 hours, but at low concentrations of 50 μL/mL and 100 μL/mL. Processes such as cytoplasmic accumulation of inclusion vesicles, disruption of membrane activity, as well as phenomena associated with cell division and differentiation are identified. In conclusion, although all products contain benzoate levels within acceptable limits, there is a risk of accumulation of larger quantities in the body, by consuming products with this preservative. The combination of these preservatives with dangerous dyes increases the toxic potential, which was also confirmed by the BSLA test. Proper product labeling would inform and guide the consumer / patient to balanced consumption with fewer synthetic additives, with the option of choosing an alternative that does not harm the health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphogenesis and cellular differentiation present a remarkable interest in studies of cellular regeneration, cellular responses to xenobiotics or the evaluation of tumorigeneses and cytotoxicity induced by substances with therapeutic potential. The study of the process of cellular differentiation and its modifications under the influence of natural extracts was made on the larvae (naupliar stages) of Artemia salina. As a result of high sensitivity and accessibility in laboratory manipulation, the larvae of Artemia are used as animal models in the aquaculture, the assessment of acute cytotoxicity and brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). The larvae in the growth period pass through a lot of moulting processes which are associated with epithelium cell divisions and the rearrangement of these in tissues structures within a period of several hours. The assessment of cellular differentiation was followed after the exposure of freshly hatched larvae to natural extracts. The effects of the compounds were measured by determining the survival rate of larvae and microscopically observing visible changes. Natural extracts from Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg, Chelidonium majus L., Tragopogon dubius Scop, Usnea barbata L., Galanthus elwesii Hook. were analyzed. A cytological study performed on these biotesters indicates a significant correlation between cell differentiation and metabolism. Some potentially cytotoxic compounds induce changes in organogenesis. The results highlight shape changes of the epithelial cells, alteration at intercellular connections, rearranging and reorganizing the primordium appendices cells and altering membrane and blocking cellular differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biotechnologies of reproduction, that also involves the artificial insemination at goats, have been rapidly developed after the optimization of producing and preserving the semen methods and of those of synchronizing the females' estrum. In order to obtain an acceptable fertility is necessary that optimum methods of preserving the semen in refrigerated form to be developed, which can be easily and fast integrated into insemination methodologies. The aim of the study was to test a new medium of dilution which contains a diglucide trehalose as cryoprotectant substance, for the purpose of replacing (to replace) the usual glycerol that has been used until present, which was proved to have negative effects upon spermatic cell during preservation. Also the extender contains a low concentration of egg yolk of 5%, in order to eliminate a processing-centrifugation step, which leads to an additional mechanical stress with negative effects on fecundity. Our experiments demonstrated that the trehalose added in the dilution medium maintains the structural and functional stability of the plasmatic membrane of the spermatic cell during liquid conservation at 4 degrees C, similar results being obtained also in other experiments done on buck semen. At 48 hours from collection, the semen diluted in the control extender registered a motility of 64.1% while the semen diluted in the experimental extender registered a motility of 67.4%. At 48 hours from collection, the semen in the control extender registered a viability of 66.4% while the semen in the experimental extender registered a viability of 69.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare disease. There is no current consensus on how to treat it. The bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) regimen is effective for the treatment of follicular and other indolent lymphomas, but its efficacy in NMZL is not known. We analyzed the outcome of 14 patients diagnosed with NMZL (median age 67 years) who were treated with 375 mg/m2 of rituximab on day 1 and 90 mg/m2 of bendamustine on days 1 and 2. The overall and complete response rates were 93% and 71%, respectively. Major toxicity (grade 3/4 neutropenia) occurred in 5% of treatment courses. After a median follow-up of 22 months (range: 18-55), the overall survival and the free survival rates were 100% and 93%, respectively. None of the patients showing a complete or partial response developed secondary myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia. Bendamustine plus rituximab was found to be an active and well-tolerated regimen leading to the rapid control of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of milk production, biochemical composition and milk fatty acid profile according to the lactation stage, on 60 multiparous goats of the Carpathian breed, grown in an extensive system (Dobrogea, southern Romania). The goats were milked twice a day for 8 months, (February to September). Milk yield was recorded monthly and milk samples representative of the two daily milking were analysed for: protein, fat and lactose contents. In addition, fatty acid methyl esters were quantified using a gas chromatograph. The maximum amount of milking milk was recorded at the end of April (1635.23 ± 0.048 g milk/ animal / day) and the smallest milk production was recorded in September (823.14 ± 0.191 g milk / goat / day). The biochemical composition of milk has varied considerably during lactation: in the first and last part of the lactation there was an insignificant increased concentration of its components (fat, protein, lactose, minerals). Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated acids levels increased during the summer months compared to spring months and the saturated fatty acid level decreased during the summer months. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids recorded the highest value in August (6.16 mean gFAME / 100g Total FAME), and the lowest value was at the beginning of lactation (4.51 mean gFAME / 100g Total FAME). The data recorded in our study show an increase in CLA (conjugated linolenic acid ) concentration by April (0.85 mean gFAME / 100g Total FAME), when it reaches a maximum, it remains at an increased value until July, followed by an insignificant decrease (0.54 mean gFAME / 100g Total FAME) towards the end of the lactation. A ratio of ω6 / ω3 fatty acids decreased in April under 4, the decrease of this ratio being significant compared to the first 2 months of lactation (p <0 ,05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was that to evaluate the differences regarding the milk quantity and the biochemical composition of milk between primiparous goats of Carpathian breed and F1 hybrids of Alpin x Carpathian and Saanen x Carpathian, bred and exploited in the same conditions. The F1 hybrid females of Alpine x Carpathian and Saanen x Carpathian were obtained by artificial insemination of a lot of females of Carpathian breed with seminal material provided from he-goats of Alpine and Saanen pure breed. After weaning, the goats were milked 2 times a day, for 5 months. The control of milk production was done monthly. It was individually weighed the quantity of milked milk in the morning and in the evening. Also, there were taken individual samples of milk for the qualitative analysis. The bio-chemical parameters (fat, protein, lactose) were analysed by ultrasonic method at a Lactoscan analyser standardized for milk. The results shows that the average amount of milked milk of hybrids is significantly increased (p<0.05) compared to the Carpathian breed (2031g, 2033g, vs 1145g). The proportion of fat is significantly higher (p<0.05) at both categories of half-bred besides Carpathians (3.74%, 3.84%, vs 3.69%). In conclusion, the crossbreeding of the Carpathian breed with specialized breeds for the milk production leads to an increase of the productive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient use of the feed resources from a particular geographic area by conversion into animal productions presumes running three essential actions: the exact evaluation, as much as possible, of the feeding value of the forage crops, accurate estimation of the feeding requirements and diet formulation optimization. These elements are mandatory for the development of a software which to formulate and optimise the diet formulations for milk goats. Because the cos of feeding accounts for some 60% of the production costs per unit of product (kg milk), the knowledge of the real bioproductive potential of the forage crops used in goat farming is the factor which determines its profitability. The knowledge of the real feeding characteristics of the different categories of forages available, at a particular moment, in the farm, in terms of energy, protein, vitamins and mineral contents, is the key to the optimal and balanced feeding of the dairy goats. Several samples of forage crops used by goat farmers from different areas of Romania have been analysed: pasture and meadow hays, silages and haylages, straws, cereal crops (corn, wheat, barley, oats and triticale) and several by-products (meals, bran, distiller's grains). The chemical analyses performed on samples of these forages have shown that the IDPN and IDPE values show significant differences compared to the table values for similar forages. Thus, the alfalfa hay had 73.8% - 1234% IDPN, compared to the reference value of 107%, while IDPE ranged between 79.41% - 107.4%, compared to the reference value of 68%; in the ear corn, IDPN was 53.1% - 77.1%, compared to 96%, the reference value, and IDPE was 95.7% - 107.8%, compared to 116%, the reference value. The variation was lower for the NEm (net energy for milk production): 84.2% - 100.0%, compared to 0.76, the reference value, while in corn, the values were 93.0%-102.8%, compared to 1.43, the reference value. Differences in these values were noticed both between the feeding categories and between the surveyed farms. The variations are most probably due to the different cultivars, moment of harvesting, storage conditions, soil and climate, and their origin (the imported feeds have different compositions). Under these circumstances, the formulation of a balanced diet which to meet the requirements of goats with different physiological and developmental states, using merely the table values (multiannual, average reference values), without using the actual values determined by current laboratory assays, leads mostly to underestimation, rarely to overestimation of the total feeding value of the diets, which has adverse effects on animal response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semen was collected from two Merino rams Palas-meat line, in normal season of reproduction. After assessment of spermatic indexes sperm (motility and concentration) was collected and diluted in tris extender with and without antioxidants (vitamin E and cysteine). Fine straws were used for frozen semen by rapid method. Straws with good motility after thawing were kept till artificial insemination of the 600 ewes on induced oestrus. Both antioxidants have a protective effect in higher concentrations, respectively, 1 mmol for vitamin E and 10 mmol for cysteine. Fertility rates obtained after artificial insemination of sheep with induced oestrus was variable depending on season and type of antioxidant used. The best results were obtained with frozen sperm diluted in media with cysteine. After thawing semen the spermatic indexes were 56% -78% of motility, Fertility rate was 56%, 79% and 80% in normal season and 56%, 67% and 61% in extra season. The results were demonstrated that, the addition of antioxidants in semen enhances sperm indexes and fertility on sheep inseminated artificially with frozen semen in normal and extra season of reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different energy doses of helium-neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation on the functions and functional quality of sheep spermatozoa during in vitro liquid storage. In the study of the quality of stored turkey semen was found to be improved significantly following He-Ne laser irradiation and irradiation with He-Ne laser prevented their in vitro liquid storage-dependent damage. It was found also in another study, that irradiation increased the sperm motility index, viability, and cell energy charge. Frozen ram sperm samples in the present study, were thawed in a water bath at 37°C for 30 seconds. Samples pool was divided into three aliquots: one represented the control and the others two was irradiated with He-Ne laser at two different energy dose (3.96 and 6.12 J/cm²). Motility, viability, osmotic-resistance, acrosomial and DNA intactness were evaluated. The lower dose of laser energy resulted to be ineffective (P<0.05) than other irradiated samples and control. No significant difference between the control and the irradiated samples for viability and osmotic resistance, acrosome integrity and DNA integrity was found. However, the semen samples irradiated with 6.12 J/cm² showed a slight increase in sperm progressive motility, viability, osmotic resistance, acrosome and DNA integrity, respect to the semen samples irradiated at low energy doses and control semen samples. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of higher doses of He-Ne laser irradiation on the improvement of the quality ram semen after freezing-thawing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial insemination (AI) in livestock is used to optimize reproduction efficiency. Compared to other semen preservation methods, cryopreservation is an established industry used worldwide for performing AI. Adequate protocols for semen collection and freezing and then for the use in the AI are set up for all the animal species. In sheep, AI with frozen-thawed semen resulted low fertility rate, which limits the practical application of this technique. Progressive sperm motility, sperm viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity and NAR were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for BIOX, MILK, and TEY extenders. Progressive motility increased significantly (p < 0.01) using licorice extract 10, 50 and 100 g/ml. Diluter type had a significant effect (p < 0.01) on sperm motility. The percentage of progressive motility in all extenders media containing LDL was also higher compared with 20% EY (control) during dilution and equilibration stages. All extenders containing LDL reduced the percentages of abnormalities after dilution as compared to control 20% egg yolk. The percentages of intact Acrosome in all other extenders containing LDL were significantly higher than 20% egg yolk extender. The highest percentage of post-thaw progressive motility was recorded in extender containing 20mm glutamine. After dilution and equilibration, supplementation of glutamine at concentration of 40 and 60mm caused a significant increase in plasma membrane intact compared with control and all other concentrations tested. No significant difference between the control and the irradiated samples for viability However, the semen samples irradiated with 6.12 J/cm² showed a slight increase in sperm progressive motility, viability, osmotic resistance, Acrosome and DNA integrity, respect to the semen samples irradiated at low energy doses and control semen samples. Cysteine effected on the ultra-structure of the ram sperm cell within the freezing- thawing dynamics. The positive effect of Cysteine could be a result of its interraction with membranes phospholipids during the freezing, giving it a better Cryopreservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoperiod is the primary environmental used to regulate reproduction on bucks. The objective of scientifically research was to observe the variations of testosterone concentration in correlation with testicular volume for a period during 2 years, at White of Banat bucks. The studies were conducted at the experimental farm of ANCC Caprirom and the biochemical determinations of testosterone concentrations were realized at the Ovidius University - Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology by ELISA method. Plasma testosterone was analyzed in blood samples collected once a week. Blood samples were collected always at the same time of the day to avoid circadian variations. The testosterone concentrations on White of Banat between January and February for the first and second year of experiment were over than basal level and in March the testosterone level decreases down to the basal level. On the end of spring, in both years of experiment, we observed a slight augmentation of the testosterone level. The testosterone concentrations were increased at the beginning of summer and after than followed by a slight decline of this concentration in July and increase in August. In September, the concentration of testosterone was highest comparative with values of the testosterone level for the entire year. In the last two months of autumn, the testosterone concentrations decreased comparative with results obtained in September. On December the testosterone level on experimentally bucks begins to increase for the first year of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of an adequate manner of breeding and exploiting small ruminants which will lead to the increased reproduction efficiency and also to the increased number and quality of these animals depends on the determination of an early diagnosis of gestation. This study was carried out to determine caprine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (cPAG) and progesterone (P4) levels in the plasma of Carpathian goats throughout gestation. The cPAG levels were determined with a heterologous RIA. The P4 levels were measured by RIA. The statistical analysis of the PAG concentration values in goats with known reproduction grouped females into 4 groups, namely: pregnant RIA-clinically pregnant (positive diagnosis), non-pregnant RIA-clinically non-pregnant (positive diagnosis), non-pregnant RIA-clinically pregnant (incorrect diagnosis) and embryonic mortality. The results obtained demonstrated that the precision of the correct diagnosis for pregnancy and non-pregnancy on days 14-35 from mating was 92.85%, while the RIA-PAG error was 7.15%. Embryonic mortality was highlighted in 8.11% of the females and occurred in the interval of 25-35 days. On days 14- 25 of pregnancy, the values of the serum progesterone were close (12.18-13.33 ng/ml), which confirms that the unique source of progesterone is the gestation corpus luteum. The results obtained led to the conclusion that the quantitative assessment of proteins associated to gestation (PAG) by the RIA technique can be used as a sure method to establish early gestation in goats. The presence of a large quantity of gestation proteins in Romanian goat breed confirms gestation on day 14 after mating in goats, while the sudden drop of PAG values on day 30 after mating confirms the occurrence of embryonic mortality. In what regards the progesterone concentration, the precision of the gestation diagnosis is at its maximum on days 14-35 of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the addition of antioxidants (bovine serum albumin, vitamin E, cysteine) to freezing media on the cytological parameters of cryopreserved sperm cells. Ejaculate samples were collected with artificial vagina from Merinos of Palas rams, on normal season of reproduction and were cryopreserved according to the technology developed in our laboratory. Semen samples from the 2 animals were frozen and analyzed separately to account for the freezing adaptability of each animal. Semen parameters including motility, the membrane structural integrity (viability by eosin-nigrosin stain), morphological abnormalities and functional membrane integrity (hipoosmotic test) were investigated after thawing. In general, the variation is repeated for both animals. The best results on the protection of plasma membranes were obtained from cysteine addition to the two concentrations tested (5 mm and 10mM). A significant increase (p<0.05) of the sperm characteristics (between 7% and 14%) was obtained. Also, bovine serum albumin (BSA) in 5mg/ml and the concentration of vitamin E in both tested concentrations (0.1 mM and 1.0 mM) offer protection against membrane oxidative stress. For BSA in concentration of 10mg/ml these parameters decreased, a fact attributed the excessive growth of freezer osmolarity. The results bring new knowledge in the field of ram semen cryopreservation, helping to improve the quality of freezing-thawed semen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiments that have been done so far regarding the incidence of micotoxicoses have shown that all animal species are susceptible to being intoxicated with DON. Still, the degree of susceptibility varies according to each species, the differences being tracked down to differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination to the respective micotoxin. Our experiments were based on creating a micotoxicological profile which resided in investigating the degree of contamination with deoxinivalenol of the foddered given to animals and its transition into the animal serum. The determination of the levels of deoxinivalenol, both in the fodder and the serum, was done through the method of chromatography of liquids at high pressures (HPLC - UV detection (PDA detector), with the purification of the immuno-affinity column. The concentration of deoxinivalenol determined in food was 41.54 μg/Kg, the maximum limit suggested by the EU Commission (The Codex Alimentarius Commission) being 1.25 mg/kg of unprocessed cereal, which means that the degree of contamination of feed does not exceed the stated legal limit. The analysis of the serum samples bore negative results in each of the tested animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past decades, more and more governments have admitted the importance of tourism as catalyst of economic and social development. Therefore tourism has been praised for its rapid and sustained development, although not even its' most optimistic advocates couldn't foresee such growth and resistance during global economic recession periods, when tourism has maintained or even strengthened its position. After a period during which has had a fluctuating evolution, influenced by the general economic, social and political situation, Romanian tourism seems to have taken an ascendant trajectory during the past years. Supporting this statement is the WTTC report "Romania - The impact of travel and tourism on jobs and the economy" which presents optimistic forecasts regarding Romanian tourism. Moreover, the growth of some new, modern types of tourism in our country such as business tourism, rural tourism, urban tourism, etc., sustain the idea of a positive trend in the evolution of Romanian tourism. These new types of tourism have recorded real growth during the past few years and the premises for their development strengthen the idea of tourism becoming an important sector of the national economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photoperiod is a major environmental factor of regulation of testosterone secretion testicular volume and sperm production. The studies were conducted on the experimental farm of Caprirom and the biochemical determinations of testosterone were realized at Ovidius University-Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Constanta, Romania. The experiment started on 15/12/2010 to 26/05/2011. The bucks of the control group (n=10) remained in a open shed under natural daylength and ambient temperature throughout the experiment. Experimental groups (n=10) were placed in light-proof sheds and were exposed to alternations of 3 months of long days (LD: 16 h of light/day; lights-on: 06:00 h, lights-off: (22:00 h) and 3 months of natural photoperiod. The photoperiodic treatment started on December 15th 2010 to March 15th 2011 for experimental groups. In room, light was provided by 4 fluorescent tubes giving a light intensity of 300 lx measured laterally to the eyes of the animals. Changes in sexual activity of males were studied on the experiment in order to evaluate the efficiency of photoperiodic treatments. In light-treated groups, the photoperiodic changes by long days inhibited the testosterone secretion. Testicular volume was higher during normal days than long days although the amplitude of the variations was reduced compared to control groups. In photoperiod treated groups, testosterone secretion increased after 2 weeks of exposure to normal days and decreased within a 4 weeks after the beginning of exposure to long days. During the long day treatment (February to March), the sperm production decreased on experimental animals. After stopped the photoperiodic treatments and the bucks remained on natural photoperiod from mid-March, was observed an increase of sperm production from March to May. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethanol is a widely applied solvent used in industry, for consumption, and as a disinfectant agent. Chronic administration of ethanol to experimental animals leads to neurological disorders and organ dysfunctions concerning the alimentary tract, liver, kidneys, heart, and pancreas, accelerates atheromatous changes, and causes alcoholic damage of the foetus. The scientifically research were realized on the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy of Ovidius University and the laboratories and the biobases of Cell and Molecular Biology and Animal Physiology Disciplines on the Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Sciences during April 2009. The objective of scientifically research was to establish the hepatic tissue ultrastructure after acute intoxication with ethanol 50% on Wistar rats. The scientifically research were realized on the female Wistar rats (n=8) and the animals was separated into lot of martor animals and another with experimentally animals. At experimentally rats was administrated a 2 ml of ethanol 50% for 5 days for each animals (5g/kg bw). The slaughtered of animals was been after 6 days after ethanol administrate and was recovery hepatic tissue for histological and electron microscopy examinations. In hepatocytes from experimentally rats were observed a moderate accumulation of lipids. The hepatic tissue had an adipocitar aspect and the hyperchromic nucleus with peripheric chromatine had a central position. General analysis realized on the hepatic tissue recovery from experimentally animals shown more important structural aspects:hyperplasia of rough endoplasmic reticulum and hyperplasia of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, degeneration of Golgi apparatus, degeneration of mitochondria and numerous lipids accumulations into cytoplasmic matrice. The lipids accumulation was presented into membrane vesicles with different size, between 100 - 900 nm or bigger and disseminated in cell matrices. The number of mitochondria was small and had an moderate optical density and the crests are very dificult to observed. Were observed an irregular inclusions but strong osmophile not included into membranes. The origin is probable to be deed mitochondria, not degreed and not eliminate by intern lysosomes system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research objective was observation about influence of race at serum biochemical profile recovered from sheep into Laboratory of Sheep's and Goats Reproduction and Biotechnologies from ICDCOC Palas Constanta. The research experiments was realized at 3 sheep lots of Australian Merinos (experimental lot no. 1), prolifically type (experimental lot no. 2) and Merinos of Palas (experimental lot no. 3) (N=60). Blood samples were recovered from jugular vein of experimental sheep's at November 2007- January 2008 and biochemical analyses were realized with Balmed kits. For stabilized the biochemical profile was observed next sanguine parameters: total proteins (g/l), alkaline phosphatase (U/L), acid phosphatase (U/L), TGP (U/L), TGO (U/L), creatine - kinase (U/L), uric acid (mg/dl), creatine (mg/dl), urea (mg/dl), triglycerides (mg/dl), calcium (mg/dl), HDL- cholesterol (mg/dl) and LDL- cholesterol (mg/dl) with a SP 830 Plus spectrophotometer. Comparative with literature references the biochemical values from experimental sheep was increased for total proteins (experimental lot no. 1- Australian Merinos - 107,29± 1,24 g/l vs experimental lot no. 2- prolifically type - 99,69± 1,44g/l vs experimental lot no. 3- Merinos of Palas - 96,71±1,33 g/l, p<0,05). Other biochemical determinations of sheep's were included in normal limits but existent a significant variation in function of race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoperiod is the primary environmental used to regulate reproduction. On the basis of this knowledge, we studied the bucks maintained under ambient photoperiod and normally fed diet. The bucks groups are maintained in an intensive breeding system in closed and semi-opened shelters which respect the farm norms (space/animal 1,5-2m/goat, normal temperature conditions, 18- 30 0C in summer and 6 0C in winter, < 75% humidity). The scientifically research were realized on the Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology on the Faculty of Natural and Agriculture Sciences during January - March 2010. The objective of scientifically research was to observe the variations of testosterone concentration in correlation with testicular volume at Carpathian bucks. The means of testosterone concentration for all 10 bucks were increased in January and February (3,27±0,94 ng/ml vs 2,33± 0,64 ng/ml) and down immediately in March (1,06±1,14 ng/ml). Testicular volume was influenced by diet and photoperiod with significant interaction between these effects. Testicular volume on bucks was higher for January comparative with February (274 ±1,34 g vs 242,5±0,83 g). The monthly mean of testicular volume was lowest into early spring (March 199 ±0,45 g) comparative with winter months (January -February). However, changes in testicular volume (and therefore sperm production) appeared to be driven primarily by changes in the voluntary intake of feed and in growth, often independently of changes in gonadotrophin concentration. Enhanced nutrition is thus able to induce rapid testicular growth, but not increased testosterone production, during winter and spring when photoperiodic inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis is maximal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]