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Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive human cancers. Invasion of cells is the first step in metastasis, resulting in cell migration through tissue compartments. We aimed to evaluate genomic alterations specifically associated with the invasive characteristics of melanoma cells. Matrigel invasion assays were used to determine the invasive properties of cell lines that originated from primary melanomas. Array comparative genomic hybridization analyses were carried out to define the chromosome copy number alterations (CNAs). Several recurrent CNAs were identified by array comparative genomic hybridization that affected melanoma-related genes. Invasive primary cell lines showed high frequencies of CNAs, including the loss of 7q and gain of 12q chromosomal regions targeting PTPN12, ADAM22, FZD1, TFPI2, GNG11, COL1A2, SMURF1, VGF, RELN and GLIPR1 genes. Gain of the GDNF (5p13.1), GPAA1, PLEC and SHARPIN (8q24.3) genes was significantly more frequent in invasive cell lines compared with the noninvasive ones. Importantly, copy number gains of these genes were also found in cell lines that originated from metastases, suggesting their role in melanoma metastasis formation. The present study describes genomic differences between invasive and noninvasive melanoma cell lines that may contribute toward the aggressive phenotype of human melanoma cells.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) on the basis of the pediatric quality of life inventory™ (PedsQL™) generic and diabetes-specific modules, and to compare it to that of healthy peers. Methods: This retrospective case-control study involved 650 participants between ages of 13 and 19 years including 296 adolescents with T1DM from four diabetes centers and 354 healthy peers matched for age and gender from three different cities of the country. Participants completed the validated PedsQL™ for assessing the HRQoL. The analysis included an independent t-test to compare the means of the total and subscales of the PedsQL™ between boys and girls as well as between a healthy group and a group with T1DM. Gender differences in exercise, insulin therapy modalities were evaluated with the Pearson χ2-test. Results: Adolescents with T1DM have similar HRQoL in all domains when compared to their healthy counterparts. Females report worse HRQoL regardless of the presence of the disease. Insulin pump therapy facilitates better glycemic control and HRQoL. Regular exercise positively correlates with the generic HRQoL in both groups; however, it has no relationship with glycemic control. Conclusions: Optimal metabolic control and improved HRQoL are the eventual goals of diabetes management. Despite the difficulties, adolescents with diabetes can manage their disease well and live normal lives, similar to their healthy peers. Although diabetes-related problems exist, it seems that regular exercise and staying physically active, as well as promoting insulin pump therapy where it is applicable are related to favorable HRQoL.

Kutatomunkank azzal a cellal keszult, hogy az eddig meg csak nehany — koztuk angol, spanyol es olasz — mintan validalt Roviditett Szenzoros Elmenykereses Skalat (BSSS-8) magyarorszagi hasznalatra is adaptaljuk. Hazankban ez a merőeszkoz meg nem hasznalatos, nincsenek ra vonatkozoan pszichometriai adatok. Kulonosen fontos a BSSS-8 hazai adaptalasa, mivel ez a merőeszkoz — szemben a hazankban is validalt 7-teteles Szenzoros Elmenykereses Kerdőivvel (SSS-7-HU) — az altalanos szenzoros elmenykereses vonas mellett az alskalakat is merhetőve teszi. Vizsgaltunkban osszesen 495 vizsgalati szemely vett reszt, ebből 170 fő proszocialis kockazatvallalo (tűzolto), 194 fő antiszocialis kockazatvallalo (erőszakos bűncselekmeny elkovetője), 71 fő extrem sportolo es 60 fő kontrollszemely (akik semmilyen kockazatos tevekenyseggel nem foglalkoznak). A kerdőiv lingvisztikai validalasat es pszichometriai tulajdonsagainak vizsgalatat vegeztuk el. A vizsgalat soran mertuk a kerdőiv belső megbizhatosagat (Cronbach-α = 0,748), t...

SUMMARY Aims: To evaluate motor performance and cardiorespiratory function in youths with type 1 diabetes in comparison with age-matched control group; and to analyse the influence of physical activity level, anthropometric and physical fitness parameters on long-term metabolic control. Methods: 106 youths with diabetes and 130 healthy youths aged 8-18 were assessed by the Eurofit Test Battery regarding motor performances, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), skinfold thickness, and body mass index. Physical activity level was assessed through the use of questionnaires. Predictors of physical fitness and metabolic control were determined with regression analysis. Results: There were no differences either in body composition or in physical activity level, but younger girls with diabetes had impaired results in speed of upper limb movement, abdominal muscle strength, upper body strength, running speed and VO2max; older girls with diabetes had poor results in speed of upper limb movement, abdominal muscle strength, upper body strength and VO2max. Younger boys with diabetes had impaired results in speed of upper limb movement, flexibility, static strength of the hand and abdominal muscle strength; and older boys with diabetes had poor results in speed of upper limb movement, flexibility, abdominal muscle strength, upper body strength and VO2max. Older age, female gender, higher skinfold thickness, lower physical activity level and higher HbA1c were significant independent predictors of poorer VO2max. Better VO2max proved to be the single predictor of favourable HbA1c. Conclusions: Youths with diabetes have reduced fitness parameters. Efforts should be carried out to improve physical fitness as part of treatment and care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Due to the lack of validated age- and disease-specific instruments, there are limited health-related quality of life measurements in type 1 diabetes youths in Hungary. Objective: To culturally adapt the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 3.0 Diabetes Module. Method: Feasibility, internal consistency reliability, reproducibility, convergent, discriminant and concurrent validities were evaluated in 134 type 1 diabetes youths. Results: Low scale-level mean percentage of missing item responses, minimal floor and moderate ceiling effects supported the feasibility. Cronbach α exceeded the internal consistency reliability standard of 0.70. Concordance between the children’s and the parents’ reports was strong. The instrument differentiated between the quality of life of patients having acceptable and poor metabolic control. Intercorrelations between the Generic Module and Diabetes Module had moderate to large effect sizes. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the feasibility, reliability and validity of the instrument, but further research should be carried out for generalization for Hungarian population. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 1837–1842.

Background University students face multiple risk comportments such alcohol (binge drinking), tobacco, cannabis consumptions, new risks as stress such depression, risk of eating disorders, stress, and internet addiction. Internet use by young people may have the features of excessive, maladaptive or addictive Internet usage. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of internet addiction risk (IAR) and to identify risk comportments associated to IAR. Methods …

Objective This study investigated whether culture can affect self- and proxy-reports of perceived diabetes-specific health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes when taking into account glycemic control, gender and age. Methods A total of 416 patients aged between 8 and 18years – 84 (Greece), 135 (Hungary) and 197 (Kuwait) – and their parents completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 3.0. Diabetes Module. Results Gender and age did not have any effect on perceived diabetes-specific health-related quality of life. Significant differences were detected among countries in self- and proxy-reports of diabetes-specific health-related quality of life when controlling for glycemic control. More specifically, Greek patients with type 1 diabetes and their parents reported significantly worse disease-specific health-related quality of life than their peers from Kuwait and Hungary. Moreover, culture affected the level of agreement between self- and proxy-reports with parents from Kuwait underestimating their children's diabetes-specific health-related quality of life. Conclusion The impact of culture on self- and proxy-reports of diabetes-specific health-related quality of life warrants further investigation, since it might suggest the need for differential psychosocial treatment.

AIM: To evaluate the long-term effect of aerobic and/or anaerobic exercise on glycemic control in youths with type 1 diabetes. METHODS: Literature review was performed in spring and summer 2014 using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ScienceDirect with the following terms: aerobic, anaerobic, high-intensity, resistance, exercise/training, combined with glycemic/metabolic control, glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and type 1 diabetes. Only peer-reviewed articles in English were included published in the last 15 years. It was selected from 1999 to 2014. Glycemic control was measured with HbA1c. Studies with an intervention lasting at least 12 wk were included if the HbA1c was measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS: A total of nine articles were found, and they were published between the years of 2002-2011. The sample size was 401 diabetic youths (166 males and 235 females) with an age range of 10-19 years except one study, in which the age range was 13-30 years. Study participants were from Australia, Tunisia, Lithuania, Taiwan, Turkey, Brazilia, Belgium, Egypt and France. Four studies were aerobic-based, four were combined aerobic and anaerobic programs, and one compared aerobic exercise to anaerobic one. Available studies had insufficient evidence that any type of exercise or combined training would clearly improve the glycemic control in type 1 diabetic youth. Only three (two aerobic-based and one combined) studies could provide a significant positive change in glycemic control. CONCLUSION: The regular physical exercise has several other valuable physiological and health benefits that justify the inclusion of exercise in pediatric diabetes treatment and care.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extent to which romantic relationship status influences condom use during vaginal, oral and anal sex among students from 12 universities in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovakia.METHODS: A pilot study of 880 students from the ongoing Student Life Cohort in Europe (SLiCE) study. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to establish the effect of romantic relationship status on condom use during vaginal, anal and oral sex in the previous 30 days, while adjusting for participants' age, gender, use of alcohol and other drugs prior to sex, condom-carrying practices and number of sexual partners.RESULTS: Of the total sample, 73.7% were currently engaged in a romantic relationship and their condom use during vaginal sex (p < 0.001), oral sex (p < 0.001) and anal sex (p = 0.003) was significantly associated with their romantic relationship status. Students who were not in a romantic relationship had the lowest odds of condom use. Use of alcohol or other drugs before sex was detrimental to condom use (odds ratio 0.5; p = 0.045) during vaginal sex. Condom use during vaginal and oral sex was lower among older students.CONCLUSION: The need to target university students with more pragmatic sexual health risk reduction interventions that accommodate the role of romantic relationships on behavioural choices is justified.

Background A healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables has been linked to higher well-being and reducing stress. Stress negatively affects well-being. There has been no research done exploring a mediation effect of perceived stress (PS) on the association between fruit and vegetable consumption (FVC) and emotional well-being (EWB). This has great importance for public health and is therefore the aim of this study. Methods 2359 first year university students (73.2% females, Slovakia - 32.7%, …

Background Despite the significant implications of healthy eating on overall long-term health, many university students engage in poor dietary habits, such as high intake of fast foods and other foods high in fat, and low intake of fruits and vegetables. Consumption patterns may be influenced by many factors, e.g. gender and living arrangements. The aim of the study was to test whether different sociodemographic factors (gender, accommodation …

Background University students face multiple stressors such as academic overload, constant pressure to succeed, competition with peers as well as concerns about the future. Stress is frequently associated with potential risk comportments and substance use. The aim was to determine the level of perceived stress and risk factors associated with stress among students in higher education in three socio-cultural different countries. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted from in Batna (B, …

Background An individual’s level of self-regulation skills has shown to be important for many desirable outcomes including avoiding problematic use of alcohol. The purpose of this study was to test relationship among self-regulation, alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms and whether self-regulation …

Background Risk behaviour, mainly related to tobacco, alcohol and cannabis used in university students have been widely reported, but new risk comportments emerged. The objective was to investigate the relationship between substance use, behavioural addiction and stress in order to implement appropriate public health interventions in Algeria, France and Hungary. Methods Students from Batna (B, Algeria), …

This study aimed to investigate the association of the anthropometric, clinical variables and maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) with diabetes-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to find the predictors of HRQoL and blood glucose control. A total of 239 youths with diabetes (124 boys and 115 girls) were recruited from diabetes-based summer camps. HRQoL assessment was carried out with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ 3.0 Diabetes Module (Information Resources Centre, Mapi Research Trust, France); Vo2maxwas evaluated by conducting the 20-m shuttle run test. Higher Vo2maxand the insulin pump therapy were significant predictors of the HRQoL in the multiple regression analysis; other clinical and anthropometric variables had no effect. The better blood glucose control was explained only by the higher Vo2max. The good cardiorespiratory fitness (expressed by Vo2max) has clinical and QoL benefits for paediatric patients with T1DM.

Diabetes has been repeatedly associated with a wide variety of cognitive impairments.To clarify the differences in cognitive dysfunctions between the two types of diabetes.Metaanalysis was performed using databases of Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect (3 studies with type 1 and 6 with type 2 diabetes).Adults with type 1 diabetes showed lower performance than control subjects in all fields. The effect size had the highest value in psychomotor activity (D = -0.69). The effect size was small for delayed verbal memory (D = -0.48), attention (D = -0.47), language (D = -0.44), visual processing (D = -0.35), immediate verbal memory (D = -0.30), working memory (D = -0.27) and executive functions (D = -0.26). Adults with type 2 diabetes showed lower performance than control subjects in all cognitive domains, except for working memory (D = +0.03). The effect size had the highest value in immediate verbal memory (D = -1.12), psychomotor activity (D = -0.82) and delayed verbal memory (D = -0.81). The effect size was moderate for general intellectual abilities (D = -0.68) and small for general memory (D = -0.37), attention (D = -0.35), language (D = -0.35), visual processing (D = -0.33) and executive functions (D = -0.33).Both types of diabetes are associated with reduced performance in numerous cognitive domains.Bevezetés: A cukorbetegséget különféle kognitív károsodásokkal társítják. Célkitűzés: A szerzők 1-es és 2-es típusú diabetesben a kognitív működés közötti különbségek pontosítását tűzték ki célul. Módszer: Metaanalízis a Medline, PubMed és ScienceDirect felhasználásával (három tanulmány az 1-es és hat tanulmány a 2-es típusú cukorbetegséggel kapcsolatban). Eredmények: Az 1-es típusú cukorbeteg felnőttek teljesítménye gyengébb volt a kontrollokhoz képest az összes mért területen. A hatásméret a pszichomotoros aktivitásnál volt a legmagasabb (D = –0,69). Kicsi volt a hatásméret a késleltetett verbális memória (D = –0,48), figyelem (D = –0,47), nyelv (D = –0,44), vizuális feldolgozás (D = –0,35), azonnali verbális memória (D = –0,30), munkamemória (D = –0,27) és a végrehajtó funkcióknál (D = –0,26). A felnőtt 2-es típusú cukorbetegek teljesítménye gyengébb volt, mint a kontrolloké a munkamemória kivételével (D = +0,03) az összes kognitív területen. Legmagasabb hatásméretet az azonnali verbális memória (D = –1,12), pszichomotoros aktivitás (D = –0,82) és a késleltetett verbális memória (D = –0,81) mutatott. Közepes volt a hatásméret az általános intellektuális képességek (D = –0,68) területén, míg kicsi volt a hatásméret az általános memória (D = –0,37), a figyelem (D = –0,35), nyelv (D = –0,35), vizuális feldolgozás (D = –0,33) és a végrehajtó funkciók (D = –0,33) terén. Következtetés: Mindkét típusú cukorbetegség csökkent teljesítménnyel társul számos kognitív területen. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 694–699.

Objective: to explore the relationship among health-related quality of life (HRQoL), clinical variables, anthropometric measures, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Furthermore, we aimed to find predictors of HRQoL and metabolic control. Methods: A total of 106 patients (sex ratio: 1:1) with mean HbA1c of 8.55 (± 1.44)% and diabetes duration of 5.15 (± 3.24) years were assessed. The average age was 13.22 (± 3.08) years. Results: We observed statistically significant negative medium correlation between HbA1c and VO2max (r=–0.343; p=0.000). There was statistically significant small positive correlation between the HRQoL and the maximal oxygen consumption (r=0.208; p=0.032). We found no significant correlation between the HbA1c and the patients’ HRQoL. In the multiple linear regression analysis both the better metabolic control and the HRQoL was predicted by the VO 2max, other variables had no effect. Physical activity level did not explain the HRQoL. Boys had significantly better HRQoL and less skinfold thickness than girls. Conclusion: Better cardiorespiratory fitness associated with both favourable metabolic control and better HRQoL of diabetic youths. Regular aerobic exercise improves the young patients’ physical fitness and overall health status, and perception of health-related quality of life, espectively.

To evaluate motor performance and cardiorespiratory function in youths with type 1 diabetes in comparison with age-matched control groups and to analyze the influence of physical activity level, anthropometric and physical fitness parameters on long-term metabolic control.106 youths with diabetes and 130 healthy youths aged 8-18 were assessed by the Eurofit test regarding motor performances, cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max), skinfold thickness, and body mass index. Physical activity level was assessed through the use of questionnaires. Predictors of physical fitness and metabolic control were determined with regression analysis.There were no differences either in body composition or in physical activity level, but younger girls with diabetes had impaired results in speed of upper limb movement, abdominal muscle strength, upper body strength, running speed, and VO2max ; older girls with diabetes had poor results in speed of upper limb movement, abdominal muscle strength, upper body strength and VO2max . Younger boys with diabetes had impaired results in speed of upper limb movement, flexibility, static strength of hand, and abdominal muscle strength; and older boys with diabetes had poor results in speed of upper limb movement, flexibility, abdominal muscle strength, upper body strength, and VO2max compared with control groups. Older age, female gender, lower physical activity level, and higher HbA1c were significant independent predictors of poorer VO2max. Better VO2max proved to be the single predictor of favorable HbA1c .Youths with diabetes have reduced fitness parameters. Efforts should be carried out to improve physical fitness as part of treatment and care of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

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