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Software engineering is concerned with organizational issues, project management, and human behavior. In the process of constructing a work team, leadership faces the task of evaluating the talents and abilities of each professional and combining them into a cohesive unit that matches the profile of the project. This article describes the SOHCO technique, a strategy for forming work teams that calculates a score for each candidate based on the project profile, as well as a ranking for the work team whose desired objective most closely aligns with the project profile. This article presents exploratory research, an experiment, two real-world case studies, and a comparison of methods using WS and RW coefficients to assess ranking consistency and similarity. Results reveal that SOHCO makes constructing a work team more objective, reduces leadership effort, enhances the ability to evaluate new team arrangements, increases the probability of project success, and reduces training costs. As a limitation, the SOHCO method does not take sub-criteria weights into account.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based medical computer vision algorithm training and evaluations depend on annotations and labeling. However, variability between expert annotators introduces noise in training data that can adversely impact the performance of AI algorithms. This study aims to assess, illustrate and interpret the inter-annotator agreement among multiple expert annotators when segmenting the same lesion(s)/abnormalities on medical images. We propose the use of three metrics for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of inter-annotator agreement: 1) use of a common agreement heatmap and a ranking agreement heatmap; 2) use of the extended Cohen’s kappa and Fleiss’ kappa coefficients for a quantitative evaluation and interpretation of inter-annotator reliability; and 3) use of the Simultaneous Truth and Performance Level Estimation (STAPLE) algorithm, as a parallel step, to generate ground truth for training AI models and compute Intersection over Union (IoU), sensitivity, and specificity to assess the inter-annotator reliability and variability. Experiments are performed on two datasets, namely cervical colposcopy images from 30 patients and chest X-ray images from 336 tuberculosis (TB) patients, to demonstrate the consistency of inter-annotator reliability assessment and the importance of combining different metrics to avoid bias assessment.

The increase in connectivity and the continued need to evolve existing systems impose on system engineers the reality of dealing with System of Systems (SoS) concept in practice. The composition of legacy systems presents significant challenges, especially when a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is involved. Due to the complexity of the interactions between CPS computational solutions and the physical environment, added to the operational independence of CPS as constituent system, emergent behaviors might unpredictably emerge when the CPS and other system run to collaborate being difficult to control. The purpose of this article is to present the Discovery and Requirement Canvas method and its contributions on highlighting emergent behavior. Introduced in the context of EMBED-SoSE approach, the method supports the process of designing a CPSoS in the early phases of a project, when the stakeholders’ needs, constraints, and alternatives must be analyzed in terms of the integration possibilities of existing constituent systems. An experimental study conducted with 22 senior professionals from the software and aerospace industries validates the practicability of the method Discovery & Requirement Canvas demonstrating its efficacy. The results of the experiment are compared using descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition, the method was applied to a real-world case study in the field of monitoring natural disasters.

Though museums are digitising their archives, online consultations remain low. New forms of engagement bring these digital memories to life and can support museums in maintaining and developing digital resources. Artificial Intelligence presents opportunities to showcase this rich heritage, but it also raises issues of transparency and cultural relevance. We explored these questions through a collaboration with Zürich’s Museum für Gestaltüng on its unique poster collection. We looked at how calculating similarities between digitised documents could create new user experiences with emotional and cognitive impact. Throughout the project, designers worked with engineers to investigate bespoke algorithms and graphic representations of their outputs. After an initial state of the art and preliminary tests, we developed three scenarios for a museum installation. Investigating three hypotheses, we evaluated the prototype scenarios with user experience psychology protocols. Our results show the value of combining artificial intelligence with curator expertise, the impact of similarities extracted by mathematical modelling and the importance of how they are visualised. We also found no significant difference between the perception of novices and experts in our results. This fosters a strategy for museums which brings different audiences together. The final installation, which combines elements from all three scenarios, opened to the public at the Museum in February 2022. Keywords cultural heritage, digital archives, posters, explainable ai

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy probes the chemical environment in a molecule at a specific atomic site. Here the authors extend this concept with a site selective trigger to follow chemical bond changes as they occur on the femtosecond time scale.

Motor listrik adalah kendaraan yang digerakkan oleh motor BLDC. Menggunakan energi listrik yang tersimpan dalam bentuk baterai atau accu. Untuk mengetahui tegangan listrik arus listrik yang melalui motor penggerak pada motor listrik perlu dilakukan pengukuran dengan alat ukur manual berupa multimeter. Memasang alat yang rumit dan membaca nilai di luar jangkauan kemudi adalah masalah yang perlu ditangani. Sehingga diperlukan suatu alat yang dapat mengukur secara real time dengan layar yang terintegrasi. Dalam penelitian ini, mobil Enggang Evo 3 digunakan sebagai objek. Oleh karena itu untuk memonitor penggunaan arus listrik dan tegangan listrik perlu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk membuat sistem monitoring tegangan listrik, arus listrik, daya pada motor listrik Enggang Evo dan tegangan listrik, arus listrik, energi untuk mengetahui secara real time saat mobil berjalan. Variabel throttle 100%, 75%, 50% naik. Untuk mengukur tegangan listrik dan arus listrik menggunakan sensor tegangan listrik berupa resistor pembagi dan ACS785 sebagai sensor arus listrik yang terpasang pada sumber energi dan beban. Hasil dari penelitian ini alat dengan pembacaan nilai dari variasi throttle dari pembacaan. Nilai RMSE sebesar 3.98 untuk throttle 100%, 1.60 untuk throttle 75% dan untuk throttle 50% sebesar 1.02. Untuk nilai RMSE arus listrik adalah 45.86 untuk throttle 100%, 18.94 untuk throttle 75% dan untuk throttle 50% sebesar 12.35.

Background:. In October 2012, an open-access, multimedia digital cleft simulator was released. Its purpose was to address global disparities in cleft surgery education, providing an easily accessible surgical atlas for trainees globally. The simulator platform includes a three-dimensional surgical simulation of cleft care procedures, intraoperative videos, and voiceover. This report aims to assess the simulator's demographics and usage in its tenth year since inception. Finally, we also aim to understand the traction of virtual reality in cleft surgical education. Methods:. Usage data of the simulator over 10 years were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Data parameters included the number of users, sessions, countries reached, and content access. An electronic survey was emailed to registered users to assess the benefits of the simulator. Results:. The total number of new and active simulator users reached 7687 and 12,042. The simulator was accessed an average of 172.9.0 ± 197.5 times per month. Low- to middle-income regions accounted for 43% of these sessions. The mean session duration was 11.4 ± 6.3 minutes, yielding a total screen time of 3022 hours. A total of 331 individuals responded to the survey, of whom 80.8% found the simulator to be very useful or extremely useful. Of those involved in education, 45.0% implemented the simulator as a teaching tool. Conclusions:. Global utilization of the simulator has been sustained after 10 years from inception with an increased presence in low- to middle-income nations. Future similar surgical simulators may provide sustainable training platforms to surgeons in low- and high-resource areas.

Intense x-ray pulses can cause the non-thermal structural transformation of diamond. At the SACLA XFEL facility, pump x-ray pulses triggered this phase transition, and probe x-ray pulses produced diffraction patterns. Time delays were observed from 0 to 250 fs, and the x-ray dose varied from 0.9 to 8.0 eV/atom. The intensity of the (111), (220), and (311) diffraction peaks decreased with time, indicating a disordering of the crystal lattice. From a Debye–Waller analysis, the rms atomic displacements perpendicular to the (111) planes were observed to be significantly larger than those perpendicular to the (220) or (311) planes. At a long time delay of 33 ms, graphite (002) diffraction indicates that graphitization did occur above a threshold dose of 1.2 eV/atom. These experimental results are in qualitative agreement with XTANT+ simulations using a hybrid model based on density-functional tight-binding molecular dynamics.

Abstract: Aim Biological invasions by exotic macrophytes represent one of the main reasons for biodiversity and ecosystem changes in aquatic ecosystems. The reasons for their ability to succeed in new environments have been of ecological interest in the last years. We made a global review, aiming to describe functional traits related with invasiveness of macrophytes. Methods Our search was performed using keywords regarding invasive macrophytes and functional traits. We related the group traits of invasive species with their probability of species invasion success in new localities (invasiveness). We also performed a nestedness analysis that helped us to see which species possessed the higher number of traits related to invasiveness, as well as which traits were more common among the invasive species. Results Traits most often related to invasiveness were those indicating growth (94.5%) and reproduction (90.1%). Nearly 70.4% of invasive macrophytes traits were related with the probability of invasion success. Invasive species had a higher number of morphological and biotic interaction traits related with invasiveness than native species. Our nestedness analysis indicated a low degree of nestedness, but showed us that Egeria densa, Elodea canadensis and Elodea nutalli were the species with a wider range of environmental tolerances, explaining their invasibility across ecosystems. Conclusions We summarized and complement existing reviews on the functional traits related to invasion success of macrophytes. We believe this review contributed to the identification of the most common set of traits related with invasiveness, helping to speculate on successful invaders in the future.

Introduction The Florida-California Cancer Research, Education, and Engagement (CaRE 2 ) Health Equity Center is a triad partnership committed to increasing institutional capacity for cancer disparity research, the diversity of the cancer workforce, and community empowerment. This article provides an overview of the structure, process innovations, and initial outcomes from the first 4 years of the CaRE 2 triad partnership. Methods CaRE 2 serves diverse populations in Florida and California using a “molecule to the community and back” model. We prioritize research on the complex intersection of biological, environmental, and social determinants health, working together with scientific and health disparities communities, sharing expertise across institutions, bidirectional training, and community outreach. Partnership progress and outcomes were assessed using mixed methods and four Program Steering Committee meetings. Results Research capacity was increased through development of a Living Repository of 81 cancer model systems from minority patients for novel cancer drug development. CaRE 2 funded 15 scientific projects resulting in 38 publications. Workforce diversity entailed supporting 94 cancer trainees (92 URM) and 34 ESIs (32 URM) who coauthored 313 CaRE 2 -related publications and received 48 grants. Community empowerment was promoted via outreaching to more than 3000 individuals, training 145 community cancer advocates (including 28 Community Scientist Advocates), and publishing 10 community reports. CaRE 2 members and trainees together have published 639 articles, received 61 grants, and 57 awards. Conclusion The CaRE 2 partnership has achieved its initial aims. Infrastructure for translational cancer research was expanded at one partner institution, and cancer disparities research was expanded at the two cancer centers.

Severe loss of bone mass may require grafting, and, among the alternatives available, there are natural biomaterials that can act as scaffolds for the cell growth necessary for tissue regeneration. Collagen and elastin polymers are a good alternative due to their biomimetic properties of bone tissue, and their characteristics can be improved with the addition of polysaccharides such as chitosan and bioactive compounds such as jatoba resin and pomegranate extract due to their antigenic actions. The aim of this experimental protocol was to evaluate bone neoformation in experimentally made defects in the mandible of rats using polymeric scaffolds with plant extracts added. Thirty rats were divided into group 1, with a mandibular defect filled with a clot from the lesion and no graft implant (G1-C, n = 10); group 2, filled with collagen/chitosan/jatoba resin scaffolds (G2-CCJ, n = 10); and group 3, with collagen/nanohydroxyapatite/elastin/pomegranate extract scaffolds (G3-CHER, n = 10). Six weeks after surgery, the animals were euthanized and samples from the surgical areas were submitted to macroscopic, radiological, histological, and morphometric analysis of the mandibular lesion repair process. The results showed no inflammatory infiltrates in the surgical area, indicating good acceptance of the scaffolds in the microenvironment of the host area. In the control group (G1), there was a predominance of reactive connective tissue, while in the grafted groups (G2 and G3), there was bone formation from the margins of the lesion, but it was still insufficient for total bone repair of the defect within the experimental period standardized in this study. The histomorphometric analysis showed that the mean percentage of bone volume formed in the surgical area of groups G1, G2, and G3 was 17.17 ± 2.68, 27.45 ± 1.65, and 34.07 ± 0.64 (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. It can be concluded that these scaffolds with plant extracts added can be a viable alternative for bone repair, as they are easily manipulated, have a low production cost, and stimulate the formation of new bone by osteoconduction.

Background: The Banalia health zone in the Democratic Republic of Congo reported a meningitis epidemic in 2021 that evolved outside the epidemic season. We assessed the effects of the meningitis epidemic response. Methods: The standard case definition was used to identify cases. Care was provided to 2651 in-patients, with 8% of them laboratory tested, and reactive vaccination was conducted. To assess the effects of reactive vaccination and treatment with ceftriaxone, a statistical analysis was performed. Results: Overall, 2662 suspected cases of meningitis with 205 deaths were reported. The highest number of cases occurred in the 30–39 years age group (927; 38.5%). Ceftriaxone contributed to preventing deaths with a case fatality rate that decreased from 70.4% before to 7.7% after ceftriaxone was introduced (p = 0.001). Neisseria meningitidis W was isolated, accounting for 47/57 (82%), of which 92% of the strains belonged to the clonal complex 11. Reactive vaccination of individuals in Banalia aged 1–19 years with a meningococcal multivalent conjugate (ACWY) vaccine (Menactra®) coverage of 104.6% resulted in an 82% decline in suspected meningitis cases (incidence rate ratio, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.80; p = 0.041). Conclusion: Despite late detection (two months) and reactive vaccination four months after crossing the epidemic threshold, interventions implemented in Banalia contributed to the control of the epidemic.

Introduction: One major effect of the Covid 19 lockdown has been the closure of schools and the switch to home learning for most children through online or hybrid models of teaching and learning. However, questions would be asked about the quality of this model, especially in the light of recent policy moves to reduce educational differences across the country. Research Aims: The aims of this article are to draw together recent research into home schooling during the Covid 19 pandemic and provide a theoretical explanation against a policy background with a stated aim of reducing inequalities in education Method: A literature review was carried out of articles that relate to the experiences of home schooling for children and families as well as more general effects of lockdown. Results: Results show clear differences in home schooling experiences in terms of resources and attitudes, and school provision. Concepts of cultural capital and cultural deprivation have been used to show how inequalities continue to persist despite recent policy aimed at reducing inequalities. Conclusions: Home schooling has brought inequalities into sharp focus over how schools deliver home schooling and how children and families are able to take advantage of what has been provided. It indicates that a cultural shift is needed. Education has been devolved to the level of the individual and for real change to take place, a more collective approach is needed. Education has been devolved to the level of the individual and for real change to take place, a more collective approach is needed.

ABSTRACT Objective Vascular findings in preeclampsia are usually attributed to increased vascular tone. Recently, however, important studies have improved the understanding of the main pathophysiological events in this condition, especially vascular brain remodeling, impaired autoregulation, and damage of the blood-brain barrier, which are well recognized features of cerebral overperfusion. Methods In this study, the association between choriocapillaris ischemia with ophthalmic artery blood flow parameters on orbital Doppler ultrasound is reported for the first time using multivariate logistic models. Multivariate logistic models with ophthalmic artery blood flow parameters, as well as major clinical and laboratory predictive variables were established for choriocapillaris ischemia and choriocapillaris ischemia with retinal detachment. Results In a series of 165 patients, 46 (28%) presented choriocapillaris ischemia; among them, 20 (12%) presented associated retinal detachment. The ophthalmic artery resistive index was the main predictor for choriocapillaris ischemia and choriocapillaris ischemia with retinal detachment in multivariate logistic models. Ophthalmic artery resistance lower than 0.56 was associated with a significantly high incidence of both outcomes. Conclusion This study supports that the branching pattern of choroidal arterioles and the lobular organization of choriocapillaris are the major morphological aspects underlying endothelial damage and lobular ischemia in the context of choroidal overperfusion. Overperfused lobules bordering areas of choriocapillaris ischemia produce a perfusion pressure gradient, with lobular reperfusion, leakage from reperfused choriocapillaris, and retinal detachment. Ophthalmic artery-resistive index lower than 0.56 is proposed as a major predictor of the overperfusion-related choriocapillaris ischemia and choriocapillaris ischemia with retinal detachment in preeclampsia.

In the past, methods to subtype or biotype patients using brain imaging data have been developed. However, it is unclear whether and how these trained machine learning models can be successfully applied to population cohorts to study the genetic and lifestyle factors underpinning these subtypes. This work, using the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm, examines the generalisability of data-driven Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression models.We first compared SuStaIn models trained separately on Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) data and an AD-at-risk population constructed from the UK Biobank dataset. We further applied data harmonization techniques to remove cohort effects. Next, we built SuStaIn models on the harmonized datasets, which were then used to subtype and stage subjects in the other harmonized dataset.The first key finding is that three consistent atrophy subtypes were found in both datasets, which match the previously identified subtype progression patterns in AD: ‘typical’, ‘cortical’ and ‘subcortical’. Next, the subtype agreement was further supported by high consistency in individuals’ subtypes and stage assignment based on the different models: more than 92% of the subjects, with reliable subtype assignment in both ADNI and UK Biobank dataset, were assigned to an identical subtype under the model built on the different datasets. The successful transferability of AD atrophy progression subtypes across cohorts capturing different phases of disease development enabled further investigations of associations between AD atrophy subtypes and risk factors. Our study showed that (1) the average age is highest in the typical subtype and lowest in the subcortical subtype; (2) the typical subtype is associated with statistically more-AD-like cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers values in comparison to the other two subtypes; and (3) in comparison to the subcortical subtype, the cortical subtype subjects are more likely to associate with prescription of cholesterol and high blood pressure medications.In summary, we presented cross-cohort consistent recovery of AD atrophy subtypes, showing how the same subtypes arise even in cohorts capturing substantially different disease phases. Our study opened opportunities for future detailed investigations of atrophy subtypes with a broad range of early risk factors, which will potentially lead to a better understanding of the disease aetiology and the role of lifestyle and behaviour on AD.

For over thirty-five years, available data suggested that therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was a useful treatment for patients with Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN) associated with ANCA Associated Vasculitis (AAV) and elevated creatinine levels. The publication of the PEXIVAS study has challenged this conclusion. This perspective will outline the history of this issue and present our assessment of the current status.

Abstract This study aims to investigate the influence of CSR and Asia sustainability Reporting Rating (ASRRAT) on Earnings Management (EM). This study also used managerial ownership as a moderating variable. The data were collected from 72 sustainability and/or annual reports of non-financial companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2019 that were withdrawn using purposive sampling method. The data from the sustainability report was coded using content analysis, while moderated regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The results show that the environmental disclosure negatively affects the earnings management, the social one, has a positive effect, but the economics disclosure and ASRRAT's rating have no influence. Managerial ownership fails to moderate the relationship between CSR, ASRRAT's rating, and earnings management The results of this study demonstrate that in disclosing CSR activities, managers tend to exploit their opportunistic incentives by making CSR disclosure to mask EM practices. The results of this research suggest that investors need to be more careful in making investment decisions, especially in companies which report a lot of social disclosures. Keywords: ASRRAT’s rating; Corporate social responsibility; Earnings management; Managerial ownership Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh CSR dan peringkat Asia Sustainability Reporting Rating (ASRRAT) terhadap Earnings Management (EM). Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan kepemilikan manajerial sebagai variabel moderasi. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari 72 laporan keberlanjutan dan laporan tahunan perusahaan nonkeuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2018-2019 yang ditarik menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data laporan keberlanjutan dikodekan dengan menggunakan content analysis, sedangkan moderated regression analysis digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan CSR kategori lingkungan berpengaruh negatif sedangkan CSR kategori sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap EM. Di sisi lain, peringkat ASRRAT tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan dan kepemilikan manajerial juga belum mampu memoderasi pengaruh antara CSR dan peringkat ASRRAT terhadap manajemen laba. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam mengungkapkan aktivitas CSR, manajer cenderung menggunakan insentif oportunistiknya dengan menjadikan pengungkapan CSR sebagai kedok untuk menutupi praktik manajemen laba. Hasil dari penelitian ini merekomendasikan investor supaya lebih berhati-hati dalam mengambil keputusan investasinya, khususnya pada perusahaan yang banyak melakukan pengungkapan CSR kategori sosial. Kata Kunci: Peringkat ASRRAT; Corporate social responsibility; Manajemen laba; Kepemilikan managerial

The study purpose was to analyze the effect of continuous exercise and modification interval exercise on decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and blood lactate levels in non-professional Shorinji Kempo athletes. Materials and methods. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a randomized pretest posttest-only group design. Subjects were 16 male adolescents aged 18-20, body mass index (BMI) 20-24 kg/m2, who had normal blood pressure, normal resting heart rate, and no history of chronic disease. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups: CEG (n = 8, continuous exercise group) and MIEG (n = 8, modification interval exercise group). Continuous and modification interval exercises were carried out in 30 minutes/exercise sessions, with an intensity of 75% HRmax and 75% RM, as often as 3 times/week, for one week. Measurements of resting heart rate, blood lactate and MDA levels were performed 30 minutes pre-exercise and 10 minutes post-exercise. The data analysis technique used the Paired Sample T-Test and the independent T-test with SPSS software version 21. Results. The results showed significant differences in resting heart rate, blood lactate and MDA levels pre-exercise vs. post-exercise on CEG and MIEG (p ≤ 0.05). A difference was also observed in Delta (Δ) heart rate pre-exercise vs. post-exercise on CEG (–3.88 ± 3.36 bpm) and MIEG (–15.25 ± 3.45 bpm) (p ≤ 0.001), but no differences were observed in the Delta (Δ) blood lactate and MDA levels in both groups. Conclusion. Based on the study results, it was shown that continuous exercise and modification interval exercise increase blood lactate and MDA levels shortly after intervention but both exercises could reduce acute stress, which was indicated by a decrease in resting heart rate.

The rapid progress of digital transformation underscores the critical need for robust personal data protection as a guarantee of individual rights, particularly to address the prevalent issues of data leakage and misuse, including population data. This need aligns with Article 28 G of the 1945 Constitution, which is actualized through the provision of access to population data for verification purposes to both state and private institutions. Additionally, data users are mandated to adhere to a Zero Data Sharing Policy that strictly prohibits the dissemination or sharing of population data with third parties. However, challenges persist due to limited legal protections concerning personal data classifications and the delineation of authority between data owners and users, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive personal data protection legislation. Furthermore, the establishment of an Independent Surveillance Authority is essential to ensure effective regulation enforcement. This Authority's roles and powers would align with government efforts to protect population data and be guided by the standards set forth in the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR). Its independent status is crucial to prevent undue influence from parties with vested interests. Functionally, such an authority would enhance the effectiveness of the Zero Data Sharing Policy through its capacity to conduct investigations and enforce collective rights, thus ensuring the protection of human rights. This research employs normative legal research, utilizing legislation and literature reviews alongside descriptive analysis with a deductive approach to manage qualitative data, concluding that legal protections must be bolstered by optimal oversight through an established Independent Surveillance Authority.

Abstract We study S N -invariant four-point functions with two generic multi-cycle fields and two twist-2 fields, at the free orbifold point of the D1-D5 CFT. We derive the explicit factorization of these functions following from the action of the symmetric group on the composite multi-cycle fields. Apart from non-trivial symmetry factors that we compute, the function with multi-cycle operators is reduced to a sum of connected correlators in which the composite fields have, at most, two cycles. The correlators with two double-cycle and two single-cycle fields give the leading order contribution in the large-N limit. We derive explicit formulas for these functions, encompassing a large class of choices for the single- and the double-cycle fields, including generic Ramond ground states, NS chiral fields and the marginal deformation operator. We are thus able to extract important dynamical information from the short-distance OPEs: conformal dimensions, R-charges and structure constants of families of BPS and non-BPS fields present in the corresponding light-light and heavy-light channels. We also discuss properties of generic multi-cycle Q-point functions in M N /S N orbifolds, using a technology due to Pakman, Rastelli and Razamat.

This study aims to determine the effect of treatment concentrations (4%; 8%; 10%; 13%; 16%; 20%) of Bacillus subtilis bacterial isolates on the production of pectinase enzymes from pineapple peel waste, and the characteristics of the pectinase enzyme produced include (enzyme activity, optimum temperature, optimum pH, Km and Vmax values). The yield of crude enzyme extract production from the 6 treatments carried out, the highest yield was found in the 10% treatment at 1.59 g and the lowest in the 4% treatment at 1.53 g. In the results of enzyme characterization, the highest enzyme activity was found at a concentration of 20% at 1.883, and the pectinase enzyme produced was able to work optimally in environmental conditions with a temperature of 400C and pH 4 at all concentrations, but the highest activity at variations in temperature and pH was on enzymes with 20% bacterial concentration treatment, namely 0.680 at 400C and 0.650 at pH 4. Enzyme kinetics analysis obtained from the pectinase enzyme produced, showed the highest Km value of 0.021 at a concentration of 4% while the lowest value is 0.0095 at a concentration of 20%. Then at the Vmax value of the enzyme, the highest value was found at the 20% concentration treatment and the lowest value was at 4% treatment was 0.481.

O artigo tem por objetivo apontar a relevância democrática de práticas judiciais que fomentam a participação social no processo de tomada de decisões políticas. Para isso, baseia-se na prática levada a efeito pelo Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, em demanda em que se discutia o oferecimento de vagas de creche pelo Poder Executivo paulistano. Na ocasião, a corte compeliu a prefeitura a abrir-se ao diálogo com estratos populacionais interessados e vulnerabilizados, então representados por entes da sociedade civil. Metodologicamente, o texto combina pesquisa bibliográfica fundada na concepção teórica de democracia participativa com trabalho exploratório sobre a citada prática judicial do tribunal paulista. Com a análise realizada, conseguiu-se salientar que a judicialização das questões políticas não necessariamente enfraquece os debates públicos e nem as atribuições dos poderes estatais representados por eleitos pelo povo. Pelo contrário, o fenômeno pode levar ao fortalecimento democrático quando magistrados, chamados para efetivar direitos violados, instam o Estado a ouvir a sociedade civil na tomada de decisões políticas, sobretudo entes que representam as parcelas historicamente mais vulneráveis da população.

The Savonius turbine has a simple construction making it easy to build. The weakness of the conventional Savonius turbine is that there is a negative torque due to the presence of blades that are opposite to the flow direction. Negative torque can be reduced by placing a curved plate at the front of the turbine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of a curved plate deflector for the performance of a two-blade Savonius vertical axis air turbine. The research was conducted by varying the curvature of the deflector, namely 1/4 circle, 3/8 circle and 1/2 circle experimentally. The test results show that the addition of a curved plate deflector improves turbine performance compared to without using a deflector. Of the three variations of the deflector, the 1/4 circle deflector has the highest performance with a power generated of 0.266 Watt and a power coefficient of 0.169 at 113 rpm.

Machine-type communication (MTC) is a key component in 5G and beyond wireless networks, enabling important applications oriented to the industry. In such environments, the limited lifetime of battery-powered solutions becomes a relevant reliability issue. In this paper, we consider a sensor node powered wirelessly by a dedicated multi-antenna power beacon (PB). The harvested energy is directly used by the sensor to power its transceiver and send information to a destination node without storing it in a battery, which would demand non-negligible charging time and potentially compromise the MTC operation. Also, we leverage a packet replication mechanism during information transmission from the sensor to the destination in order to improve the system reliability. We derive the incident power statistics and the outage probability assuming Rician fading channels and only average channel state information at the PB. Then, we define an optimization problem aiming to minimize the energy required by the PB by properly tuning the number of replicated packets and the harvesting time. Results show the existence of an optimal harvesting time as well as an optimal number of replications for a given number of PB antennas, enabling batteryless MTC applications.

Every child is born in different conditions. There are children who are born with physical disabilities or are called physically disabled. Education for children with physical disabilities is no different from children who do not have physical disabilities. However, children with disabilities need special attention from teachers and parents. Children with physical disabilities have slightly different characteristics from normal children. In the learning process, special services are needed for children with disabilities. The purpose of this journal is to determine the characteristics of children with disabilities and education for children with disabilities. The method used in this journal is the library method which is sourced from articles, journals, books related to knowing the characteristics of children with disabilities and education for children with disabilities.