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The specialized legislation on the regulation of public services reflected the specifics of each historical period. Public service is a complex notion, subject to evolution that has given rise over time to many contradictory discussions, being at the same time an essential notion for administrative law.Presenting the foundations of democracy, Aristotle outlined suma divisio between civil society, which relates to private interests, and the political society that defends "general utility" and "common good". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are talking today about innovation, technology, science and more recently we are talking about ,,smart cities". The "smart city" phenomenon has developed a lot over the last 20 years. We are talking about intelligent cities along and across the globe, because it is a current subject and a need. The objective of this article is to analyze and define the term "smart city", focusing on definitions, features, global trends, and smart administration in these future cities around the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the diminution of the essential resources both nationally and internationally is a problem that world economies will have to find solutions. This will require thus rethinking their management to create a new economic and social dynamic. In order to achieve an internal European energy market competitive and functional, Commission and European Parliament issued the third legislative package for the construction of this legal framework. The main purpose is the separation of the competition areas from those areas that constitute natural monopolies and regulated prices but also the utilization of the advantages that first can bring through optimal use of resources. Under the new European regulations, it becomes a necessity and a priority for Romania to take adequate political, legislative and administrative measures to reduce the pressure on the final consumer of energy (whether it is domestic or non-domestic consumers) and to decrease the number of vulnerable consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the poetics of novels written by Gabriela Adameşteanu. Through her interviews, literary investigations, notes etc., the author expresses her point of view concerning the fundamentals of novel-writing. A revisiting of these metadiscursive ideas reveals the preference for long narrative paradigm, which provides her the safety of good writing and the comfort of a thing well done, even if the writer has to invest a lot of work in it. Thus, I have noted that Gabriela Adameşteanu's theoretical perspective towards novel can be divided into three basic principles: there is an obvious connection between the act of writing and the generating context, i.e. the communism; there is an assuming, followed by a rejection concerning the overlapping between the author and the scriptical I and finally, there is a difference between revising, rewriting and completing her novels. The conclusion is that none of these principles has to be taken for granted, because one's poetics reveals the creating intention, which is not always mirrored by the creation itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the following problems which were solved during the deployment of the project: ·Elaboration of the radon standard concept: (i) design of the radon system: the radon generator source, the circuit for circulation, transfer, recovery ; (ii) choice of the standardization method; (iii) conception of an original traceability chain; (iv) definition of the basic requirements according to the international and national Norms regarding the monitoring and reporting of the radon concentration. ·Realization of the radon circuits, in two variants: (i) the preliminary one, from glass, used to demonstrate the feasibility of the system; (ii) the final, metallic variant, provided with the necessary gauges for the control of pressure level and of radon circulation and recovery. ·Elaboration of the method for the absolute standardization of the equilibrium radon decay chain, by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). ·Realization of various types of recipients, with radon as gas and dissolved/adsorbed in liquid scintillator, and their measurement by HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry, ionisation chamber and LSC. Elaboration of a computing model for radon circulation in various matrices: soil, water and active charcoal. ·Establishment of the traceability chain, from the primary standard to the calibrated secondary equipments and preparation of radon recipients with the radon activity certified. ·Study of the LS efficiency influence on the radon measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The triple to double coincidence ratio method was used with a combined uncertainty of 1–2% to standardize tritiated water and a solution of 204Tl. The vial with liquid scintillator, in which the sample to be measured was dissolved, is optically coupled to three photomultipliers. The electronic module MAC-3 assures the selection of double and triple coincidences count rates, D and T, from the three counting channels. It contains the gating circuits, necessary to obtain the livetime value and the extended deadtime circuit. Specific computer programs were used to calculate the free parameter value, the efficiency of D and so, the value of the activity. The optimal value of the Birks ionisation-quenching parameter, kB, was evaluated by changing the detection efficiency with grey filters. Three types of liquid scintillators, namely InstaGel®, PPO+POPOP+Triton in toluene and Ultima Gold®, were employed. 204Tl was measured in the frame of an international comparison organized by BIPM. For tritiated water a comparison was made with LNHB-Saclay; the relative difference between the obtained values for the massic activity was only 0.2%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The imbalances of kalium are considered medical emergencies and therapy is initiated most often in emergency departments. Patients should be evaluated quickly in hyperkalaemia by an interdisciplinary team that will assess the state of toxicity that is patient, try to identify the immediate cause, to remove, and then to correct electrolyte imbalance. Complications such ionic imbalance has often vital risk, leading to the defibrillator and / or dialysis. Knowing the clinical picture you may step in long before their installation. The article presents therapeutic approaches and treatment algorithms for patients at different stages of severity of hyperkalaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The imbalances of kalium are considered medical emergencies and therapy is initiated most often in emergency departments. Patients should be evaluated quickly in hyperkalaemia by an interdisciplinary team that will assess the state of toxicity that is patient, try to identify the immediate cause, to remove, and then to correct electrolyte imbalance. Complications such ionic imbalance has often vital risk, leading to the defibrillator and / or dialysis. Knowing the clinical picture you may step in long before their installation. The article presents therapeutic approaches and treatment algorithms for patients at different stages of severity of hyperkalaemia [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In their attempt to fulfill the wish of having children, women who suffer from fertility issues often undergo assisted reproductive technologies such as ovarian stimulation, which has been associated with adverse health outcomes and imprinting disorders in children. However, given the crucial role of exogenous hormone stimulation in improving human infertility treatments, a more comprehensive analysis of the potential impacts on DNA methylation in embryos following ovarian stimulation is needed. Here, we provide genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of blastocysts generated after superovulation of prepubertal or adult mice, compared with blastocysts derived from non-stimulated adult mice. Additionally, we assessed the impact of the in vitro growth and maturation of oocytes on methylation in blastocysts. Results Neither hormone stimulation nor sexual maturity had an impact on the low global methylation levels characteristic of the blastocyst stage or was associated with extensive DNA methylation alterations. However, we found hormone- and age-associated changes at specific positions but dispersed throughout the genome. In particular, we detected anomalous methylation at a limited number of CpG islands. Additionally, superovulation in adult mice was associated with alterations at the Sgce and Zfp777 imprinted genes. On the other hand, in vitro culture of follicles from the early pre-antral stage was associated with globally reduced methylation and increased variability at imprinted loci in blastocysts. Conclusions Our results indicate a minimal effect of ovarian stimulation of adult and prepubertal mice on the DNA methylation landscape attained at the blastocyst stage, but potentially greater impacts of in vitro growth and maturation of oocytes. These findings have potential significance for the improvement of assisted reproductive techniques, in particular for those related to treatments in prepubertal females, which could be crucial for improving human fertility preservation strategies.

Abstract: A new coincidence system, based on two thin NaI(Tl) crystals, 50×2mm2, with beryllium windows, 1.5mgcm−2, positioned approximately symmetrically from the source holder (at various distances) was constructed. The electronic chains of a classical 4πPC–γ system were utilized. A multichannel analyzer was employed for energy calibration, and an oscilloscope for visualization of the pulses. After calibration, the system was used for the standardization of an 125I solution. An energy window of 12–95keV containing the entire spectrum (single and sum peak) was employed, and a simple demonstration of Taylor''s equation [1967. X-ray–X-ray coincidence counting methods for the standardization of 125I and 197Hg. In: Standardization of Radionuclides: Proceedings of a International Atomic Energy Agency Symposium, Vienna, 1966, pp. 341–353, SM-79/65] for whole spectrum counting, was developed. The method and system were tested during the calibration of a LKB 2104 multi-gamma counter, by comparing the detection efficiency values obtained for this prepared standard solution and that utilized in the CIPM-CCRI(II) key comparison. The efficiency of the equipment was calculated as the mean of the two individual values. The result validates the method and demonstrates the accomplishment of the national traceability assurance in nuclear medicine for 125I. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The radionuclide 68Ga is mainly a positron emitter (89.2%), with a half-life of 67.7min. It is used in nuclear medicine, being chemically extracted from the mixture 68(Ge+Ga); its precursor, 68Ge, disintegrates 100% by electron capture, with a half-life of 270.8d (Table of radionuclides, comments and Evaluation).A 4πβ–γ coincidence method was used for standardization, with a 4π proportional β-detector and a NaI(Tl) γ detector. Registration of the capture radiations was avoided using foil absorption and a high β threshold. Using supplementary foils for positron absorption, extrapolation graphs were obtained, with a mean slope of −4.4%. Care was taken to compensate for the loss of 68Ge during the preparation of solid sources for measurement. A combined uncertainty of 1.1% was estimated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The paper presents some recent results of the Radionuclide Metrology Laboratory (RML) from IFIN-HH, concerning the assurance of the international traceability for the measurement of (131)I solution aimed to continue the national chain for nuclear medicine applications in Romania. The following sequences of the traceability are presented: the absolute standardization of solution by the 4pibeta-gamma coincidence, efficiency extrapolation method and participation in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 key comparison; and recalibration of the CENTRONIC IG12/20A ionization chamber secondary standard. The participation in the IAEA/SSDL (SSRL) (131)I comparison is also presented.

The paper presents the results obtained in the assurance of traceability along the whole chain: production, distribution, use in hospitals, for the activity measurement of radiopharmaceuticals containing 186Re, 188Re and 186Re + 188Re mixtures. Standardization of the solutions, 4piPC-beta-efficiency relations and responses of a Centronic IG 12/20A ionization chamber and other radioisotope calibrators are presented. Gamma-ray and bremsstrahlung radiation contributions in the total response were evaluated. Some of the relevant results were compared with literature data.

152Eu was standardized within the frame of a BIPM international comparison. The solution was prepared and bottled by PTB. The ampoules were measured at BIPM in the SIR ionization chambers and then dispatched to the participating laboratories. In the Radionuclide Metrology Laboratory of IFIN-HH, the solution was standardized using a coincidence method with "beta-efficiency extrapolation" by foil absorption. A simple 4pi beta-gamma-coincidence system was used, with NaI(Tl) and 4piPC detectors. No significant impurities were found apart for 0.5% 154Eu. To obtain linear extrapolation plots, a "gamma-window" of 180-1500 keV was chosen. Dead-times of 10 micros were used. A combined uncertainty of 0.24% was obtained, mainly from the extrapolation procedure component.